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The present study deals with the stability behaviour of cellular-walled cylindrical shells subjected to simultaneous loading of axial compression and external pressure. In particular, the effect of high fluid pressure within the cells on the buckling behaviour of the shell is considered. The form of cellular-walled shell originated from a consideration of fossil shell remains belonging to the Nautiloid Cephalopod group. These extinct animals (relatives to the modern day pearly nautilus) grew to about 300mm in length and had an exoskeleton in the form of a conical shell with a small apex angle. However, the unique feature of the shell of this fish was that it contained small closely spaced holes running longitudinally in the shell wall. Interest 'in these fossil shells originated from discussions with Dr. M.R. Banks, a paleontologist at the University of Tasmania. Dr. Banks was interested to discover why the shellfish should want to build its shell in such a particular form. Other than for the obvious conclusion that a cellular wall has better bending stiffness than a solid wall of the same mass, there appeared to be no particular reason for the specific form of this shell. From a strength point of view, there appears to be no advantage in the shell having longitudinal holes over circumferential or spiral holes, and spiral holes would be easier for the shell fish to manufacture. This study showed both theoretically and experimentally that a possible answer lies in the stability behaviour of this particular form of shell. The cellular-walled cylindrical shell can be characterized as a pseudo-orthotropic cylindrical shell with the principal directions axially and circumferentially oriented. Different effective Young's moduli had to be used for tension and bending. A theoretical analysis, based on Flugge's linear buckling theory, resulted in simple interaction formulas for buckling under external pressure, axial compression and cell pressure. Cellular-walled model shells have been made out of epoxy by an adaptation of the spin casting process developed by Tennyson. These shells have 360 longitudinal holes each of 0.7mm diameter, shell internal diameter 153mm, wall thickness 1.2mm and length 245mm. The tests of the model shells were carried out on a rigid test machine with parallel platens. Since the shells are cast with a free surface on the inside they are internally reflective. An optical system making use of the reflective surface was used to monitor buckling and prebuckling deformations. Test data was logged into a PC. Southwell plots were then employed to predict axial buckling loads. Because of the likelihood of the shell shattering on buckling, actual collapse loads were the final values obtained. Test data confirmed the theoretical predictions. Both theoretical and experimental results showed that shells of this type with pressurized cells exhibit significantly improved stability, hence they appear to have potential in engineering applications, particularly in marine situations.

The Yangtze River is the most important river in China and the third largest river in the world. The change of runoff in the Yangtze River is significantfor monitoring hydrological events such as floods and droughts in the basin. In this paper, we try to invert the Yangtze River flow change based on the surface displacement observed by continuous GNSS stations in Wuhan section of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. We establisha two-dimensional model accountsfor deformation from aline load distributed over a finite-width strip on the surface of the half-space, which well simulatethe measurementsof continuous GNSS station and Hankou gaugestation. The results show that the inversedloadfrom the annual maximum displacement change observed by GNSS is N0=2.30×10⁸ N/m(elastic parameter，) . When the annual change of the Yangtze River water level is from 29m to 13mat Hankou GaugeStation, the calculated water load change is N0=2.35×10⁸ N/m, and the observation data of gaugestation is agree wellwith GNSS observation results. Theresults of this paper show that GNSS can be well applied to watershed runoff research in small areas (, The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-chl-10.1177_17475198231177955 for Preparation, crystal structure, time-dependent density theory and properties of a novel organic-inorganic hybrid up-conversion luminescence tetranuclear complex by Wen-Quan Zeng, Wei Huang, Chuan-Hui He, Rong Zou, Wei-Kang Jin, Xiu-Guang Yi and Kun-Zhong Yang in Journal of Chemical Research

Supplemental material, sj-doc-2-chl-10.1177_17475198231177955 for Preparation, crystal structure, time-dependent density theory and properties of a novel organic-inorganic hybrid up-conversion luminescence tetranuclear complex by Wen-Quan Zeng, Wei Huang, Chuan-Hui He, Rong Zou, Wei-Kang Jin, Xiu-Guang Yi and Kun-Zhong Yang in Journal of Chemical Research

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-aim-10.1177_09645284221076517 for Preoperative electroacupuncture for postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic gynecological surgery: a randomized controlled trial by Juan Zhu, Sha Li, Wenzhong Wu, Jie Guo, Xiaoqiu Wang, Guang Yang, Zhigang Lu, Fangbing Ji, Rong Zou, Zhen Zheng and Man Zheng in Acupuncture in Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aim-10.1177_09645284221076517 for Preoperative electroacupuncture for postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic gynecological surgery: a randomized controlled trial by Juan Zhu, Sha Li, Wenzhong Wu, Jie Guo, Xiaoqiu Wang, Guang Yang, Zhigang Lu, Fangbing Ji, Rong Zou, Zhen Zheng and Man Zheng in Acupuncture in Medicine

Process-induced damages, such as burrs and delamination, frequently occur and are the critical hole quality issues for CFRPs. These damages are strongly influenced by the axial cutting force. By employing the novel drill-milling process, the influence of the axial cutting force may be completely eliminated, and the process-induced damages can be remarkably removed. The drill-milling tools with a better performance are very critical to the drill-milling process. In this paper, according to the drill structure with V-shaped cutting edges and the mill structure with double-crossed helix flutes, two different new drill-milling tools are designed, and a series of tests are conducted on CFRPs. The result indicates that the influences of the cutting forces on the damages can be remarkably reduced during the helical milling phase by employing the drill-milling process. Under the same cutting conditions, the cutting forces of T2 are significant less than that of T1. The re-trimming effect of T2 is superior significant than that of T1 during the helical milling phase. The damages can be significantly reduced by using these two tools, especially by using T2 tool.

A calibration method of indication error of grade III standard metallic scale based on length measuring machine is proposed. The existing length measuring machine is reformed to realize the calibration of the indication error of grade III standard metallic scale. According to the proposed calibration method, the evaluation model of measurement uncertainty is established, and the source of uncertainty is analysed. The expanded uncertainty is less than one third of the maximum permissible error specified in the verification regulation, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the calibration method.

Expression of AAV in S1 was not significantly different in each group. (A) Proportion of Nissl+ cells that are hM4Di-mCitrine+, conditions as indicated. n.s., not significant, using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. 3 mice were used per condition. (B) Proportion of Nissl+ cells that are hM3Dq-mCitrine+, conditions as indicated. n.s., not significant, using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. 4 mice were used per condition. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. (PDF 72 kb)

Arterial blood gas analysis of P7 mice. (DOCX 16Â kb)

This paper aims to solve some existing problems in OLED micro display—when showing highlighting static images with a high contrast ratio for very long time,the OLED micro display presents quite different phenomena in the process of pixel and brightness recession,and when the images are updated,sticking appear on the micro display-through making some compensation for the pixel recession on the OLED micro display in the current PWM pixel driving circuit.In the paper,a brief introduction of the structure and theoretical analysis of the working principles of the driving circuit are given.It introduces the principle of OLED pixel recession and compensation in the driving circuit,and analyzes the relations between the recession and compensation process and some parameters in the circuit through trials and errors in the experiment.The conclusion that shows when the difference of the pixel recession is below 30 MΩ,the ratio of pixel recession in the current PWM driving circuit is only 50% of the traditional driving circuit.

The accurate prediction for future tax values is the key to make the reasonable tax collection policy. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of wavelet support vector regression, linear discriminant analysis-wavelet support vector regression algorithm is proposed to predict future tax values in the paper. In the linear discriminant analysis-wavelet support vector regression algorithm,the linear discriminant analysis(LDA) is used to optimize wavelet support vector regression algorithm. Tax data of China from 1978 to 2001 are used as our experimental data. The comparison of tax prediction values between the LDA-WSVR model and traditional WSVR model with the 3~7 input nodes respectively shows that the prediction results for future tax of LDA-WSVR are better than those of traditional WSVR.

Ultrasound holds promise for enhancing the vancomycin release from cement though the length of time when local drug level exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (T(>MIC)) was not prolonged by the previous protocol of milliwatt-level ultrasonication. Here vancomycin-loaded cements were subjected to continuous watt-level ultrasonication (CUG), intermittent watt-level ultrasonication (IUG) or no ultrasonication (NUG) for 14 d during immersion in 40-ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 28 d. The T(>MIC) for IUG was more than three times that for NUG. In contrast, T(>MIC) for CUG was slightly shortened. The subtherapeutic release of vancomycin between 15 d and 28 d for IUG was one-ninth that for NUG. The fitting equations indicated a significant enhancement on the burst release and the slow release for IUG; however, the continuous ultrasonication hampered the slow release. SEM images exhibited denser craters and pores with larger diameters and less residual drug in specimens from IUG relative to those from both CUG and NUG. Intermittent watt-level ultrasonication improved the ultrasound-enhanced vancomycin release from cement in view of the prolonged T(>MIC) and the inhibited subtherapeutic release compared with continuous ultrasonication. The mechanisms may be associated with the distinctive effects of detaching forces and pushing forces by acoustic microstreams.

A selective, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of letrozole (LTZ) in human plasma, using anastrozole as internal standard (IS). Sample preparation was performed by one-step protein precipitation with methanol. The analyte and IS were chromatographed on a reversed-phase YMC-ODS-C18 column (2.0 × 100 mm i.d., 3 µm) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and methanol containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v). The mass spectrometer was operated in selected reaction monitoring mode through electrospray ionization ion mode using the transitions of m/z 286.2 → 217.1 for LTZ and m/z 294.1 → 225.1 for IS, respectively. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation, precision, accuracy, matrix effects and stability in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Linear calibration curves were 1.0-60.0 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-batch precision (CV) for LTZ were9.34%, and the accuracy ranged from 97.43 to 105.17%. This method was successfully used for the analysis of samples from patients treated with LTZ in the dose of 2.5 mg/day. It might be suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of these patients and contribute to predict the risk of adverse reactions.

To solve the problem of the not high localization degree of China's urban rail transit automatic fare collection systems, a bill acceptor is designed for the rail transit AFC systems. The bill acceptor makes use of magnetic and optical inspection circuit to extract the banknote features like magnetic ink, UV fluorescence, and infrared image. And then apply the PCA algorithm to reduce the dimensionality and build the template. Define two Euclidean distances between the test banknote and the template as the similarity to discriminate the currency. The tests have shown the effectiveness of the system. The banknote jammed rate and receive rate can achieve the industry engineering requirement and the processing speed is significantly improved.

A simple, sensitive, and selective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of olanzapine (OLZ) and its metabolite N-desmethylolanzapine (DMO) in human plasma for therapeutic drug monitoring. Sample preparation was performed by one-step protein precipitation with methanol. The analytes were chromatographed on a reversed-phase YMC-ODS-AQ C18 Column (2.0 × 100 mm,3 µm) by a gradient program at a flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. Quantification was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer via electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery and stability. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 0.2-120 ng/mL for OLZ and 0.5-50 ng/mL for DMO. Intra- and interday precisions for OLZ and DMO were11.29%, and the accuracy ranged from 95.23 to 113.16%. The developed method was subsequently applied to therapeutic drug monitoring for psychiatric patients receiving therapy of OLZ tablets. The method seems to be suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of patients undergoing therapy with OLZ and might contribute to prediction of the risk of adverse reactions.

A pharmacokinetics study was conducted in 12 Chinese volunteers following a single dose of 1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg of pitavastatin calcium in an open-label, randomized, three-period crossover design. Plasma concentrations of pitavastatin acid and pitavastatin lactone were determined by a HPLC method. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCB1, ABCG2, SLCO1B1, CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 were determined by TaqMan (MGB) genotyping assay. An analysis was performed on the relationship between the aforementioned SNPs and dose-normalized (based on 1 mg) area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity [AUC(0-infinity)] and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values of the acid and lactone forms of pitavastatin. Pitavastatin exhibited linear pharmacokinetics and great inter-subject variability. Compared to CYP2C9*1/*1 carriers, CYP2C9*1/*3 carriers had higher AUC(0-infinity) and Cmax of pitavastatin acid and AUC(0-infinity) of pitavastatin lactone (P0.05). With respect to ABCB1 G2677T/A, non-G carriers had higher Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) of pitavastatin acid, and Cmax of pitavastatin lactone compared to GT, GA or GG genotype carriers (P0.05). Gene-dose effects of SLCO1B1 c.521TC and g.11187GA on pharmacokinetics of the acid and lactone forms were observed. Compared to non-SLCO1B1*17 carriers, SLCO1B1*17 carriers had higher Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) of the acid and lactone forms (P0.05). Significant sex difference was observed for pharmacokinetics of the lactone. Female SLCO1B1 521TT subjects had higher Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) of pitavastatin lactone compared to male 521TT subjects, however, such gender difference disappeared in 521 TC and 521CC subjects. Pitavastatin pharmacokinetics was not significantly affected by ABCB1 C1236T, ABCB1C3435T, CYP3A5*3, ABCG2 c.34GA, c.421CA, SLCO1B1 c.388AG, c.571TC and c.597CT. We conclude that CYP2C9*3, ABCB1 G2677T/A, SLCO1B1 c.521TC, SLCO1B1 g.11187GA, SLCO1B1*17 and gender contribute to inter-subject variability in pitavastatin pharmacokinetics. Personalized medicine should be necessary for hypercholesterolaemic patients receiving pitavastatin.

A pharmacokinetic study of simvastatin (single oral dose, 40 mg) was conducted in 17 healthy Chinese volunteers. Plasma concentrations of simvastatin were determined by an LC-ESI-MS-MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of simvastatin were derived with a non-compartmental method. The polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP3A5, ABCB1 (encoding P-gp), ABCG2 (encoding BCRP) and SLCO1B1 (encoding OATP1B1) were determined by TaqMan genotyping assay and the impacts of these SNPs on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin were analyzed. Major pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: Tmax 1.44 +/- 0.39 h, Cmax 9.83 +/- 2.41 microg x L(-1), t1/2 4.85 +/- 1.23 h and AUC(0-infinity) 40.32 +/- 6.82 microg x h x L(-1). Effect of ABCB1 G2677T/A SNP on dispostion of simvastatin was observed. Significant differences in t1/2, but not Cmax and AUC(0-infinity), were observed between G/A, G/T or G/G carriers and non-G carriers (5.65 +/- 0.50 h vs 4.41 +/- 1.31 h, P0.05). There were no significant effects on simvastatin pharmacokinetics by SNPs such as CYP2C9*3 (1075AC), CYP3A5*3 g.6986AG, ABCB1 C3435T, ABCG2 c.34GA, ABCG2 c.421CA, SLCO1B1 c.388 AG, SLCO1B1 c.521 TC, SLCO1B1 g.11187 GA, SLCO1B1 c.571 TC and SLCO1B1 c.597 CT. We conclude here that there is a small inter-subject variation in simvastatin pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese volunteers. P-gp, OATP1 B1 and BCRP seem unlikely to play an important role in the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin. The gene-dose effects of ABCG2 c.421 CA and CYP3A5*3 g.6986AG on simvastatin pharmacokinetics are not strong enough in Chinese subjects.

A randomized cross-over pharmacokinetic study of rosuvastatin calcium (single dose: 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg; multiple doses: 10mg once daily for 7 days) was conducted in 12 healthy Chinese volunteers. Plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin were determined by an LC-ESI-MS-MS method. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCB1, ABCG2, SLCOB1, CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 were determined by TaqMan (MGB) genotyping assay. An impact of the aforementioned SNPs on steady state pharmacokinetic parameters [average steady state concentration (Cav,ss) and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve during the dosing interval at steady state (AUCss)], dose-normalized (based on 5 mg) pharmacokinetic parameters of single-dose rosuvastatin were further analyzed. Rosuvastatin exhibited linear pharmacokinetics and great inter-subject variability. Cav,ss, AUCss and dose-normalized peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and AUC(0-infinity) of single-dose rosuvastatin were significantly related with ABCB1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T polymorphisms and ABCB1 haplotypes. Compared to homozygous wild type and heterozygous mutation gene carriers, subjects carrying the variant ABCB1 1236TT, 2677 non-G or 3435TT genotype had higher Cav,ss, AUCss, Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) (p0.05). ABCB1 haplotype (1236TT-2677TT-3435TT) had significant influence on dose-normalized pharmacokinetics of single-dose rosuvastatin. ABCB1 haplotype (1236TT-2677TT-3435TT) carriers (n = 12) had obvious higher Cmax (11.16 +/- 3.10 microg x L(-1) vs 8.35 +/- 3.31 microg x L(-1), p0.05) and AUC(0-infinity) (86.61 +/- 24.32 microg x h x L(-1) vs 62.60 +/- 26.19 microg x h x L(-1), p0.05) compared to non-1236TT-2677TT-3435TT carriers (n = 24). ABCG2 c.421CA had a significant impact on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. Homozygotes (AA) carriers had obvious higher Cmax (12.20 +/- 4.09 microg x L(-1) vs 8.70 +/- 3.09 microg x L(-1), p0.05) and AUC(0-infinity) (98.74 +/- 25.36 microg x h x L(-1) vs 64.97 +/- 24.90 microg x h x L(-1), p0.05) values compared to heterozygotes (CA) and homozygotes (CC) carriers. There were no significant effects on single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin by CYP2C9*3 (1075AC), CYP3A5*3 g.6986AG, ABCG2 c.34GA, SLCO1B1 c.521 TC, c.388 AG, g.11187 GA, c.571 TC and c.597 CT. In addition, no difference in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics was observed among subjects of different genders. We conclude that ABCB1 C1236T, G2677T/A and C3435T polymorphism, ABCB1 haplotypes and ABCG2 c.421CA are determinants of inter-subject variability in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese volunteers, and potentially affect the efficacy and toxicity of statin therapy.

This paper presents a prognosis algorithm for the tension on ice-coated AC transmission lines. Firstly, the difference time sequences are built with the collected tension data on ice-coated AC transmission lines. Then the autoregressive model is applied on the obtained difference sequences and the model parameters are estimated through the Yule-Walk method. Finally, we can predict the tension on ice-coated transmission lines in the future 8 hours. The developed prognosis algorithm is verified through the tension data of Dazheng 73# ice-coated AC transmission line in Zhaotong area, Yunnan Province, China.

The new generation of space datum in China should comply with the latest IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service) convention as much as possible. This paper has deeply addressed and researched the main improvements of the current version IERS Conventions (2003), including the changes of the Terrestrial Reference System, the Celestial Reference System, and the transformation between them, the tide correction and so on, which would undoubtedly benefit the realization and maintenance of our space datum. Based on PANDA (Position And Navigation Data Analyst) software developed by GNSS Center of Wuhan University, we analyzed the effect of improvements of the IERS Conventions (2003) on precise orbit determination and precise positioning. The results show that the effect of improvements of models of the coordinate transformation between the celestial and the terrestrial reference system and tide correction (including solid earth tide, ocean tide and polar tide) on precise orbit determination are 4mm, 9mm and 5mm in terms of RMS in along, cross and radial direction of the track; and the effect of the improvement of the tide models on positioning is basically under 0.6mm, and the RMS of the differences are 0.3mm, 0.3mm and 0.2mm in X, Y and Z.

To evaluate the bioequivalence of ranitidine and bismuth derived from two compound preparations.The bioavailability was measured in 20 healthy male Chinese volunteers following a single oral dose (equivalent to 200 mg of ranitidine and 220 mg of bismuth) of the test or reference products in the fasting state. Then blood samples were collected for 24 h. Plasma concentrations of ranitidine and bismuth were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The non-compartmental method was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. Log-transformed C(max), AUC( (0-t) ) and AUC( (0-infinity) ) were tested for bioequivalence using ANOVA and Schuirmann two-one sided t-test. T(max) was analyzed by Wilcoxon's test.Various pharmacokinetic parameters of ranitidine derived from the two compound preparations, including C(max), AUC( (0-t)), AUC( (0-infinity)), T(max) and T((1/2)), were nearly consistent with previous observations. These parameters derived from test and reference drug were as follows: C(max) (0.67 +/- 0.21 vs 0.68 +/-0.22 mg/L), AUC( (0-t) ) (3.1 +/- 0.6 vs 3.0 +/- 0.7 mg/L per hour), AUC( (0-infinity) ) (3.3 +/- 0.6 vs 3.2 +/- 0.8 mg/L per hour), T(max) (2.3 +/- 0.9 vs 2.1 +/- 0.9 h) and T((1/2)) (2.8 +/- 0.3 vs 3.1 +/- 0.4 h). In addition, double-peak absorption profiles of ranitidine were found in some Chinese volunteers. For bismuth, those parameters derived from test and reference drug were as follows: C(max) (11.80 +/- 7.36 vs 11.40 +/- 6.55 microg/L), AUC( (0-t) ) (46.65 +/- 16.97 vs 47.03 +/- 21.49 microg/L per hour), T(max) (0.50 +/- 0.20 vs 0.50 +/- 0.20 h) and T((1/2)) (10.2 +/- 2.3 vs 13.0 +/- 6.9 h). Ninety percent of confidence intervals for the test/reference ratio of C(max), AUC( (0-t) ) and AUC( (0-infinity) ) derived from both ranitidine and bismuth were found within the bioequivalence acceptable range of 80%-125%. No significant difference was found in T(max) derived from both ranitidine and bismuth.The two compound preparations are bioequivalent and may be prescribed interchangeably.

In hydrochloric acid solution of pH=3.2,ferrum(Ⅲ) can oxidize I-into the form of I-3 and acridine red(AR) can react with I-3 to form of AR-I3 ion association complexes(the composition stoichiometry was defined as n(I-3)∶ n(AR)=1∶ 1).The association complexes automatically aggregate to(AR-I3)n association particles.In this case,the resonance light scattering(RLS) intensities are enhanced greatly.The maximum RLS wavelength locates at 468 nm.The optimum conditions of the reaction,influence factors and the effect of coexisting substances were investigated.In addition,the reaction mechanism of the ion-association complex was discussed.The resonance scattering intensity(ΔI468 nm) was linearly related to the concentration of ferrum(Ⅲ) in the range of 0.08~0.56 mg/L with a detection limit of 5.76×10-7 g/L.The assay was applied to the detection of trace ferrum(Ⅲ) in realistic samples,with a RSD of 3.3% and the recovery range of 96.0%~102.4%,and the results were in a good agreement with that of atomic absorption spectrometry assay.