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3D-MoS2 can adsorb organic molecules and provide multidimensional electron transport pathways, implying a potential application for environment remediation. Here, we study the degradation of aromatic organics in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) by a 3D-MoS2 sponge loaded with MoS2 nanospheres and graphene oxide (GO). Exposed Mo4+ active sites on 3D-MoS2 can significantly improve the concentration and stability of Fe2+ in AOPs and keep the Fe3+ /Fe2+ in a stable dynamic cycle, thus effectively promoting the activation of H2 O2 /peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The degradation rate of organic pollutants in the 3D-MoS2 system is about 50 times higher than without cocatalyst. After a 140 L pilot-scale experiment, it still maintains high efficiency and stable AOPs activity. After 16 days of continuous reaction, the 3D-MoS2 achieves a degradation rate of 120 mg L-1 antibiotic wastewater up to 97.87 %. The operating cost of treating a ton of wastewater is only US$ 0.33, suggesting huge industrial applications.

Gummy stem blight (GSB), caused by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (syn. Didymella bryoniae), is a destructive foliar disease of watermelon in areas with hot and humid climates. The wild watermelon germplasm PI 189225 is a known source of resistance to GSB. The identification and use of molecular markers linked to resistance genes in the wild-type germplasm will speed up the introgression of GSB resistance into new watermelon varieties. An F2 segregating population was obtained from a cross between the resistant wild watermelon genotype PI 189225 and the susceptible genotype K3. The F2-derived F3 families were inoculated with a single isolate of S. cucurbitacearum (JS002) from Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results of the genetic analysis demonstrated that GSB resistance in PI 189225 was controlled by a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), temporarily designated Qgsb8.1. Based on the results of bulk sergeant analysis and sequencing, one associated region spanning 5.7 Mb (10,358,659 to 16,101,517) on chromosome 8 was identified as responsible for the resistance to GSB using the Δ(single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]-index) method. The result of a QTL linkage analysis with Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) SNP markers further mapped the GSB resistance locus between the SNP markers KASP_JS9383 and KASP_JS9168 in a region of 571.27 kb on chromosome 8. According to the watermelon gene annotation database, the region contains approximately 19 annotated genes and, of these 19 genes, 2 are disease resistance gene analogs: Cla001017 (coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat resistance protein) and Cla001019 (pathogenesis related). Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR demonstrated that the expression of the two genes changed following S. cucurbitacearum infection, suggesting that they play important roles in GSB resistance in watermelon. This result will facilitate fine mapping and cloning of the Qgsb8.1 locus, and the linked markers will further provide a useful tool for marker-assisted selection of this locus in watermelon breeding programs.

Let $H$ be a crossed group-cograded Hopf quasigroup. We first introduce the notion of $p$-Yetter-Drinfeld quasimodule over $H$. If the antipode of $H$ is bijective, we show that the category $\mathscr Y\mathscr D\mathscr Q(H)$ of Yetter-Drinfeld quasimodules over $H$ is a crossed category, and the subcategory $\mathscr Y\mathscr D(H)$ of Yetter-Drinfeld modules is a braided crossed category., Comment: 19pages. Add a mirror structure and modify some typos. Comments are welcomed

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The GDSL esterase and lipase families play important roles in abiotic stress, pathogen defense, seed development and lipid metabolism. Identifying the lipase activity of a putative GDSL lipase is necessary to determine its function. Systematic analysis of the GDSL gene family is still lacking for Citrullus lanatus. In this study, we identified 65 watermelon GDSL-type esterase/lipase genes and divided these genes into 6 clades based on phylogeny. The phylogenetic relationship of watermelon GDSL genes and Arabidopsis thaliana GDSL esterase/lipase genes was also determined, and these genes were divided into four groups related to morphological development, abiotic stress response, pathogen defense, and secondary metabolism. The chromosomal location of these genes revealed that they are distributed unevenly across all eleven watermelon chromosomes. Analysis of duplication events suggested that segmental duplication and tandem duplication were the major driving forces of GDSL family evolution. Synteny analysis indicated that GDSL genes in watermelon were highly homologous to those in A. thaliana, melon and cucumber. Transcriptome analyses showed the organ-specific and common expression of the GDSL genes in the root, stem and leaf organs and revealed that some of the GDSL genes are responsive to gummy stem blight inoculation, suggesting the possible involvement of these genes in disease stress–response pathways. Our results provide a basis for selecting candidate watermelon GDSL genes for further studies to determine the biological functions of the GDSL genes in watermelon.

Watermelon is an important and economical horticultural crop in China, where ~20% of the plants are grafted. The development of grafted watermelon fruit involves a diverse range of gene interactions that results in dynamic changes in fruit. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying grafting-induced fruit quality change are unclear. In the present study, we measured the lycopene content by high-performance liquid chromatography and used RNA-Seq (quantification) to perform a genome-wide transcript analysis of fruits from watermelon grafted onto pumpkin rootstock (pumpkin-grafted watermelon, PGW), self-grafted watermelon (SGW), and non-grafted watermelon (NGW). The results showed variation in the lycopene content in the flesh of PGW fruits, first increasing and then decreasing in the four stages, which was different from the trend in the flesh of NGW and SGW fruits. The transcriptome profiling data provided new information on the grafting-induced gene regulation of lycopene biosynthesis during fruit growth and development. The expression levels of 33 genes from 8 gene families (GGPS, PSY, PDS, ZDS, CRTISO, LCYb, LCYe, and CHY) related to lycopene biosynthesis, which play critical roles in fruit coloration and contribute significantly to fruit phytonutrient values, were monitored during the four periods of fruit development in watermelon. Compared with those of NGW and SGW, 14 genes were differentially expressed in PGW during fruit development, suggesting that these genes possibly help to mediate lycopene biosynthesis in grafted watermelon fruit. Our work provides some novel insights into grafting-responsive carotenoid metabolism and its potential roles during PGW fruit development and ripening.

One of the biggest problems of microsized iron powder (mZVI) is that with the occurrence of redox reactions, a compact iron oxide shell can be formed on the surface of mZVI, which eventually leads to the catalyst poisoning and inactivation. Here, commercial WS2 is employed for accelerating Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle and foreclosing passivation of mZVI to achieve the regeneration of mZVI for the first time. After 10 cycles oxidation, WS2 cocatalytic effect can make the mZVI/H2O2 maintain the degradation rate of 99% for the remediation of organic pollutants. Moreover, it is found that WS2 can realize the regeneration of mZVI after the reduction of heavy metal ions (Cr6+, Cu2+ and Ni2+), especially, the removal rate of Ni2+ can be recovered from 9.2% back to 30.8%. The enhanced activity and stability can be ascribed to the double active sites on WS2 and mZVI surfaces. The exposed active W4+ sites on WS2 surface can accelerate the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycling reaction, and the active Fe0 active sites can increase the circulation of iron and tungsten ions simultaneously. This research provides a new approach for the regeneration of mZVI during the redox reaction in environmental application, which makes it possible to use mZVI to treat sewage on a large scale.

Compared with conventional activated sludge system, applied magnetic field or adding magnetic materials in activated sludge system exhibits a better performance of enzyme activity, sludge settling, microbial activity. It also shows an obvious influence on bacterial activity, dissolved oxygen and pollution loadings. Even more, the removal efficiency of organic pollutions, N and P in this system shows an obvious increase. The biomagnetic effect is a promising technology in wastewater treatment.