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As an efficient and broad-spectrum soil fumigant, 1, 3-dichloropropene is widely used in the control of nematodes, soil pests, and plant pathogens. However, as a volatile chlorine-containing organic compound, 1, 3-dichloropropene is harmful to human health, although no deaths caused by inhalation of 1, 3-dichloropropene have been reported. This article describes the case of a 50-year-old man who died of acute renal failure and brain edema after inhaling 1, 3-dichloropropene at work. This case demonstrates that 1, 3-dichloropropene can be absorbed through the respiratory tract and that exposure to 1, 3-dichloropropene in a confined environment without any protective measures can cause death in humans.

Highly charged ions (HCIs) are of particular interest in new physics searches and quantum metrology. As one of the most competitive candidates, Ni^(12+) was selected as one of the next generation of optical atomic clocks with two forbidden transitions M1 and E2 in the visible spectral range. Here, we perform high-precision wavelength measurement of the M1 transition using the Shanghai-Wuhan Electron Beam Ion Trap (SW-EBIT). We improved the calibration scheme of the spectra and used auxiliary Ar^+ lines for calibration and correction. Compared to our previous results, the final accuracy is improved by a factor of 5, reaching the sub-pm level., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, about 3300 words

In the rendering of particle-based fluids, the surfaces reconstructed by ray marching techniques contain more details than screen space filtering methods. However, the ray marching process is quite time-consuming because it needs a large number of steps for each ray. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive ray marching method to construct high-quality fluid surfaces in real-time. In order to reduce the number of ray marching steps, we propose a new data structure called binary density grid so that our ray marching method is capable of adaptively adjusting the step length. We also classify the fluid particles into two categories, i.e. high-density aggregations and low-density splashes. Based on this classification, two depth maps are generated to quickly provide the accurate start and approximated stop points of ray marching. In addition to reduce the number of marching steps, we also propose a method to adaptively determine the number of rays cast for different screen regions. And finally, in order to improve the quality of reconstructed surfaces, we present a method to adaptively blending the normal vectors computed from screen and object space. With the various adaptive optimizations mentioned above, our method can reconstruct high-quality fluid surfaces in real time., High Performance Rendering, Tong Wu, Zhiqiang Zhou, Anlan Wang, Yuning Gong, and Yanci Zhang

Seventeen trilobite species belonging to 16 genera and 13 families are systematically documented from the Houping Formation (upper Dapingian-lower Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician) at the Datangkou and Dacao sections, Chengkou, northern Chongqing. Of these, a new species, Mioptychopyge chengkouensis sp. nov., is established and described. New morphological information is provided for previously known species on the basis of new specimens. Two trilobite associations based on faunal composition and dominant forms are distinguished from the Houping Formation, in ascending order, the Agerina Association (from the lower and middle members) and the Nileus-Illaenus Association (from the upper member). The Agerina Association lived in an inner shelf margin environment with carbonate substrate above storm wave base (Nileus-Illaenus Association developed in a shallow outer shelf environment below storm wave base (>70 m deep), indicating a rise of relative sea level corresponding to the early Darriwilian transgression. The cluster and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses of the trilobites in the formation show that the fauna had a strong endemicity to South China and a close biogeographic connection with east Peri-Gondwana, especially Tarim, Annamia and central Iran.LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E4E6AD0B-417F-4522-83E3-4DC44B647760

Two new iridoid glycosides, callicoside E (1) and callicoside F (2), were isolated from the leaves of Callicarpa nudiflora. Their structures were established by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In an in vitro bioassay, compounds 1 and 2 showed an pronounced hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine-induced toxicity in WB-F344 rat hepatic epithelial stem-like cells.

Purpose Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) causes nosocomial infections worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the molecular subtyping characteristics and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains collected during an outbreak. Moreover, we attempted to reveal the fine transmission route of the strains within this outbreak using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods Collecting cases and strain information were carried out. Outbreak-related strains were identified using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The antibiotic susceptibility, drug-resistant genes, and molecular subtype characteristics of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were analyzed. The fine transmission route of the strains within this outbreak was revealed using WGS and minimum core genome (MCG) sequence typing. Results In mid-January, 2015, five cases of neonatal pneumonia caused by ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were observed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, China. Eight ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae were isolated from these five cases, and two additional strains from another two cases were identified using PFGE. All ten isolates harbored blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaSHV-108, and blaOXA-1 genes, and belonged to the sequence type 471 (ST471) clone. A putative transmission map was constructed via comprehensive consideration of genomic and epidemiological information. WGS identified the initial case and the “superspreader”. The genomic epidemiological investigation revealed that the outbreak was caused by the introduction of the bacteria one month before the first case appeared. Conclusion As far as we know, this is the first report to describe the characteristics of an ST471 ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae outbreak. The data showed that epidemiological inferences could be greatly improved by interpretation in the context of WGS and that K. pneumoniae strains isolated from the same outbreak contain sufficient genomic differences to refine epidemiological linkages on the basis of genetic lineage. These findings suggested that integration of genomic and epidemiological data can help us to have a clearer understanding of when and how outbreaks occur, so as to better control nosocomial transmission.

The diagnosis of portions in a cable that are severely degraded before breakdown occurs is of prime importance. This paper presents a novel method based on the broadband impedance spectroscopy (BIS) to precisely locate local degradations in a cable and determine their insulation conditions. Firstly, an integral transform (IT) algorithm is developed to transform the frequency-dependent BIS to a spatial domain function, which characterizes the changes of propagation constant along the cable and then degradations can be located. Next, a procedure based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is worked out to minimize the error between the measured impedance of the cable and that calculated by a model, and then the complex dielectric permittivity for each of the degradations is figured out to assess the insulation condition. Simulation results show that portions with loss tangent (tan δ) higher than the adjacent regions can be clearly located with a spatial resolution as short as 0.01 m even if the cable length is 500 m. After the PSO procedure, tan δ of the degraded portions can be obtained to indicate the severity of the degradation. The validity of the method is also verified by experiments performed on a 50 m long cable.

Magnetic, luminescent and mesoporous nanospindles of Sm3+-Fe3+ co-doped hydroxyapatite (HAP) were prepared in the presence of monododecyl phosphate as templates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibration sample magnetometer (VMS), photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm were used to characterize the products. The results show that the doped Sm3+ and Fe3+ existed in two forms: being solid-soluted in the HAP, or as oxides (amorphous Sm2O3 and γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles embedded in the HAP. The doped HAP samples, both the as-dried and the calcined, display a good superparamagnetism. The calcination increases the magnetization from 13.45 emu/g to 19.51 emu/g. The calcined Sm3+-Fe3+ co-doped HAP has a spindle-like morphology with a length of 200∼350 nm and a diameter of 50∼100 nm, and possesses a large amount of mesopores with biomodal pore sizes of 3.64 and 9.01 nm. The biomodal mesoporous Sm3+-Fe3+ co-doped HAP nanospindles have a large pore volume of 0.3286 cm3/g and a high specific surface area of 153.52 m2/g. These make the mesoporous HAP nanospindles have a high drug payload ratio of 33.68wt% and a great application potential in drug delivery system.

This paper presents the findings of a simulator study that examined the effects of driver fatigue and road curvature on steering wheel angle. Twenty participants took part in this research, and each participant drove in two sessions, alert driving session and fatigue driving session. Throughout the driving task, the steering wheel angle, roadway scene video, and participants’ face video were recorded. According to Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) score and road curvature, steering wheel angle data were classified into six categories. Three metrics including mean steering wheel angle, standard deviation of steering angle, and coefficient of variation of steering angle were proposed and evaluated to each category. The results revealed that road curvature was the main factor of the change of steering wheel angle and driver fatigue had significant effects on steering wheel angle only on the straight road.

Three new lignans, (1R,2R,5R,6R)-1-hydroxy-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (1), (1R,2S,5R,6R)-1-hydroxy-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (2), and (1R,2S,5R,6R)-1-hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (3), were isolated from the leaves of Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical methods. Compounds 1–3 exhibited antioxidant activities with EC50 values of 19.8, 18.5, and 8.3 μM, respectively.

Two new triterpenoids, 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid (1) and 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and a new acylated flavone glycoside, luteolin 3'-O-(6″-E-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), together with three known compounds (4-6), were isolated from the leaves of Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical methods. Anti-platelet aggregation activities of these compounds were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibitory effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation with EC50 values of 9.48 μM and 25.31 μM, respectively.

In order to solve the uncertainty problem of the vibration measuring point selection of the winding deformation by vibration method. The test platform is set based on the vibration mechanism of transformer. Through a S11-M-500kVA/35kV test transformer, a series of tests on the normal and fabricated fault winding are made to obtain research dates. The difference between the data was quantified by the Euclidean distance and the 100HZ amplitude variation rate. Calculated the 1/6, 1/3 and 1/2 measure points of Euclidean distance are 0.013347, 0.003901 and 0.002584; and amplitude change rates in 100Hz are 68%, 23% and 13%. The analysis results of different winding test data show that the two characteristic quantities used in this paper can be used for the detection of winding deformation., and 1/6 point is better for Winding deformation detection by vibration analysis.

The smoke detection in remote video surveillance is of great importance in forest fire prevention since smoke usually appears before fire. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a novel smoke detection algorithm based on fast self-tuning background subtraction segmentation and judgments of smoke analysis. First, a self-tuning background algorithm is utilized on the source image to segment the candidate smoke regions, which overcomes the drawbacks in color-based and motion-based segmentation methods. Then the static and dynamic judgments of smoke are applied on the candidate smoke regions to identify the smoke region. Experiment results demonstrate that our algorithm performs well on detecting smoke in remote video surveillance while achieving robustness to the change of environment.

A new monitoring method using distributed optical temperature measurement to measure the temperature of reactor is put forward in the paper. The paper describes the characteristics of the system, and also provides an arrangement scheme of fiber to en-sure the system running well. Good man-machine interface of the system will help staff to check the temperature easily, and send warning signal.

Subsynchronous resonance risk assessment in power system is mainly accomplished by offline simulation analysis, for a practical project, researchers have to consider all kinds of possible typical system operation modes, which might be a huge amount for a large-scale transmission system. This paper comes up with subsynchronous resonance online monitoring, analyzing and early-warning technologies, applies time-domain simulation to adaption and process subsynchronous resonance online analysis, and develops an online analysis and early-warning system based on computer cluster.

Ovalocephalushas a long stratigraphic range and wide geographical distribution in Ordovician peri-Gondwana. Based largely on the well-preserved specimens recently collected from China, all known forms are revised and listed. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on the genus, involving 10 species. As suggested by the strict consensus tree, evolutional trends of the genus include mainly the isolation of the anterior glabellar portion anterior to S1, the forward shifting of eyes and the related lengthening (exsag.) of the posterior fixigena, the reduction of the number of pygidial axial segments and pleural abaxial rounded free tips, the shortening of the pygidial postaxial region, and the development of cranidial genal spines.Ovalocephalusmay have originated in shallow-water sites of the South China Plate in the Early Floian, but migrated into the deep-water regions from the Darriwilian onwards. All the records of the genus from the Early Floian to Early Katian were confined to eastern peri-Gondwanan plates and terranes in low-latitude zones. It was only restricted to the South China, Tarim and North China plates until the Middle Darriwilian, but the Late Darriwilian eustatic sea-level rise and especially the Sandbian–Early Katian immense transgression may have brought about its dispersal to Alborz, Sibumasu and central Asian terranes. Following the closure of the Tornquist Sea, the genus was even able to spread to Baltica during the latest Katian, and the pre-Hirnantian warming (the Boda event) may have promoted a wider distribution ofOvalocephalusto western peri-Gondwana (the Taurides and Armorica terranes) in the then-high latitudes.

The Ordovician genus-diversity trajectories of trilobites and the radiation patterns previously proposed in South China are reviewed on the basis of an extensive and intensive study of 32 representative collections assigned respectively to the suecicus, hirundo and clavus gaptolite-zone intervals and made along shelf environment gradients from 15 re-measured representative early-Middle-Ordovician sections. Analyses of new data indicate that components of the Whiterock Fauna (Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna) spread across the whole of the environmental spectrum and in general increased steadily through the Ordovician. The major faunal innovations appeared first in the inner shelf during the Early Ordovician and the novelties then expanded seawards into the outer shelf. The Whiterock Fauna first exhibited a higher representation in shallow outer-shelf faunas and made its early appearance in deep outer-shelf habitats during the early Middle Ordovician. However, it was not until the clavus interval (late early Middle Ordovician) that the onset of the major Ordovician radiation or the radiation of the Whiterock Fauna as a whole commenced in deep outer-shelf environments. From the Darriwilian onwards, members of the Whiterock Fauna had further developed and dominated all environments, but it was not until the Hirnantian that they comprised the whole fauna. The beginning of the radiation in South China was dominated by the expansion of reedocalymenine calymenids, trinucleids and cyclopygids. All of these three trilobite clades had their early diversification centred in high latitude zones of Gondwana. In terms of the macroevolution of trilobites, these specialized trilobites were only diagnostic of a regional Ordovician radiation. All of them represented a subset of the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna, which became extinct before or during the latest Ordovician mass extinction and bore no relationships to the Silurian Fauna. Therefore, the Whiterock Fauna of South China only played a minor role in the global macroevolution of the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna. As revealed by close investigations, the Ordovician radiation in South China may have been directly triggered by two major transgressive-regressive cycles during the Tremadoc/Arenig and Lower/Middle Ordovician. The increase of oxygen levels in oceans during the early Middle Ordovician may have provided an essential condition for the radiating fauna to eventually inhabit the new ecological niches of the deep outer shelf. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Accurate object segmentation remains a significant procedure in computer vision tasks. In this paper we propose a novel object segmentation method which based on region fusion and grab-cut. In the preprocessing stage, we segment the input image into superpixels as processing units. Then, we use a graph structure to model the superpixels and their correlations. To achieve the goal of region fusion, we transfer graph model into Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) model and fuse similar regions according to a threshold. Big superpixels are used to represent fused regions. By extracting color features and distant features of big superpixels and computing their saliency scores, we can get the high quality saliency map. Finally, we segment the salient object completely by using Grab-cut with the help of saliency map. Experiments show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods by achieving better segmentation results when evaluated using publicly available datasets.

A feasibility study was performed to examine the advisability of incorporating a set of Programmed Test Inputs (PTIs) during the Space Launch System (SLS) vehicle flight. The intent of these inputs is to provide validation to the preflight models for control system stability margins, aerodynamics, and structural dynamics. During October 2009, Ares I-X program was successful in carrying out a series of PTI maneuvers which provided a significant amount of valuable data for post-flight analysis. The resulting data comparisons showed excellent agreement with the preflight linear models across the frequency spectrum of interest. However unlike Ares I-X, the structural dynamics associated with the SLS boost phase configuration are far more complex and highly coupled in all three axes. This presents a challenge when implementing this similar system identification technique to SLS. Preliminary simulation results show noticeable mismatches between PTI validation and analytical linear models in the frequency range of the structural dynamics. An alternate approach was examined which demonstrates the potential for better overall characterization of the system frequency response as well as robustness of the control design.

Twenty-one trilobite species belonging to 18 genera are described from the measured section of the Pagoda Formation (Caradoc) at Donggongsi, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China. The fauna is numerically dominated by the hammatocnemidOvalocephalusand remopleurididDislobosaspis(gen. nov.), and theOvalocephalus–DislobosaspisBiofacies is established to represent a shallow outer-shelf trilobite association. The lithofacies and trilobite taphonomy indicate a comparatively quiet and undisturbed depositional environment. Trilobites exhibit strong SE Asian affinities and formed part of the Peri-Gondwana fauna. They are closely related to those of South- Central Europe but show some Baltoscandian aspects.

Waxy maize is prevalently grown in China and other countries due to the excellent characters and economic value. However, its low content of lysine can’t meet the nutritional requirements of humans and livestock. In the present study, we introgressed the opaque2 (o2) allele into waxy maize line Zhao OP-6/O2O2 by using marker-assisted selection (MAS) technique and successfully improved the lysine content and quality of waxy maize. Transcript abundance analysis indicated that the wx1 expression levels had no difference between Zhao OP-6/o2o2 and Zhao OP-6/O2O2. However, Zhao OP-6/o2o2 was characterized by a phenotype of hard and vitreous kernels and accumulation of protein bodies at smaller size (one third of that of parents) but in larger numbers. Biochemical analyses showed that Zhao OP-6/o2o2 had 16.7% less free amino acids than Zhao OP-6/O2O2, especially those derived from glycolytic intermediates, but its content of lysine was increased by 51.6% (0.47% vs. 0.31%). The content of amylopectin was 98.5% in Zhao OP-6/o2o2, significantly higher than that in Zhao OP-6/O2O2 (97.7%). Proteomic analyses indicated that o2 introgression not only decreased the accumulation of various zein proteins except for 27-kDa γ-zein, but also affected other endosperm proteins related to amino acid biosynthesis, starch-protein balance, stress response and signal transduction. This study gives us an intriguing insight into the metabolism changes in endosperm of waxy maize introgressed with opaque2.

Nowadays the Internet has been spreading widely all over the world and the network traffic has been increasing rapidly in the Internet. Peer-To-Peer (P2P) networks have been used widely in order to deliver operating system DVD image or several packages of commercial software, but everyone does not always use P2P networks rightly or legally. One of the examples of illegal usage of P2P networks is to exchange the audio or video files which violate copyrights. BitTorrent is one of the P2P networks that are used relatively rightly. This paper proposes the method which detects illegal file exchange of BitTorrent. This paper regards video or music files exchanged by BitTorrent as illegal files and proposes the method which detects the video or music files exchanged by BitTorrent. This paper also implements this method in BitTorrent software and evaluates this method.

Contract can be divided into explicit contract and implicit one. According to it, we can come to the conclusion of contract governance grid theory of family business and nine kinds of contract governance mode. We analyze the characteristic and merit and demerit of five common kinds of mode. Family business can take corresponding managment mode in line with their different stages of development, but in the long term family business in our country take the mode of intensive explicit and implicit contract governance at the same time ,so-called the "double strong mode ".

Edge distortion in image denoising can be improved effectively based on Stationary Wavelet Transformation (SWT) instead of Orthogonal Wavelet Transformation (OWT). The statistics of wavelet coefficients in subbands can be supposed obeying a Prior Distribution Model (PDM), through which the threshold function with ideal shrinkage can be deduced and improve image denoising in the smooth regions effectively. The method based on SWT combining with PDM proposed in this paper can improve both Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and visual effect of the image denoised through Matlab simulation experiments.

In this paper, we present a simple but efficient iterative method for increasing scene visibility and recovering haze-free scene contrast from a single hazy image. Using the dark channel prior with the haze imaging model, we directly estimate the coarse transmission map at first, then an iterative refinement module based on bilateral filter is applied to refine the transmission map. The main advantage of our algorithm compared with others is its speed and efficiency for both color and gray level images. At last, a comparative study with other state-of-art algorithms is proposed to demonstrate that similar or better quality results of our scheme are obtained with only a tiny fraction time consumption.

Epoxy resin copolymer with zero shrinkage can be obtained by copolymerizing epoxy resin E51 with the expanding monomer of 3,9-di(5-norbornene-2,2)-1,5,7,11 -tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane (NSOC). The volume changes of an epoxy resin copolymerized with various amounts of NSOC during cure was measured with a dilatometer. The epoxy copolymer giving zero shrinkage was an epoxy resin with a E51:NSOC ratio equivalent to 5.88∶1. This epoxy resin copolymer with zero shrinkage has been used as an adhesive to join the optical parts of a large optical telescope.