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ObjectivesSteroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the lack of response to standard steroid therapy, usually progressing to end-stage renal disease. We reported two cases of female identical twins with SRNS caused by SGPL1 variants in one family, reviewed the relevant literature, and summarized their clinical phenotypes, pathological types, and genotypic characteristics.MethodsTwo cases of nephrotic syndrome caused by SGPL1 variants were admitted to Tongji Hospital, affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Their clinical data were retrospectively collected, and the peripheral blood genomic DNA was captured and sequenced by whole exome sequencing. Related literature published in PubMed, CNKI, and Wan fang databases was reviewed.ResultsWe described two Chinese identical twin girls with isolated SRNS due to compound heterozygous variants in the SGPL1 (intron4 c.261 + 1G > A and intron12 c.1298 + 6T > C). The patients were followed up for 60.0 months and 53.0 months, respectively, having no extra-renal manifestations. They all died due to renal failure. A total of 31 children with SGPL1 variants causing nephrotic syndrome (including the reported two cases) were identified through a literature review.ConclusionsThese two female identical twins were the first reported cases of isolated SRNS caused by SGPL1 variants. Almost all homozygous and compound heterozygous variants of SGPL1 had extra-renal manifestations, but compound heterozygous variants in the intron of SGPL1 may have no obvious extra-renal manifestations. Additionally, a negative genetic testing result does not completely rule out genetic SRNS because the Human Gene Mutation Database or ClinVar is constantly being updated.

The effectiveness of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer using LAK cells and IL-2 depends on the accumulation of transferred effector cells at the tumour sites. In vitro LAK cell have been demonstrated to have broad cytotoxic activity to a wide variety of tumour cells in a non-major-histocompatibility complex-restricted manner, and independent of the presence of tumour specific antigens. LAK cells have now been used effectively in a small number of human trials. The effective delivery of these cells to the tumour site in vivo is one of the main aspects of this type of immunotherapy that requires further investigation. Conventional systemic infusion has shown a limited migration pattern of LAK cells. In this study the degree of entrapment of LAK cells in organs following local infusion has been determined. The large size and rigidity of LAK cells may be one mechanism which restricts the distribution of these cells. In addition, in this study the effect of mannitol, a hyperosmotic agent which increases the space between vascular endothelial cells, on the uptake of intraportal LAK cells into liver has been determined. A-LAK cells are obtained by culture of N.W.P. lymphocytes with IL-2. In this study A-LAK cells were characterised by typical morphologic appearance, cell surface phenotype, and cytotoxic specificity. Purified A-LAK cells were morphologically large granular lymphocytes, 67%-90% of which showed the surface marker phenotype of NK/LGL cells (OX8). The population contained few pan-T cells (only 4.0-6.5% of cells expressing OX19). No B cell surface marker lg was detectable in the A-LAK cell population. These cells showed high ability to lyse YAC-1 and P-815 cultured tumour target cells in 4h 51Cr-release cytotoxic assays. At an Effector:Target ratio of 40:1 A-LAK cells lysed 70% P815 and 100% YAC-1 cells. After labelling A-LAK cells with 51Cr, the effect of intraportal infussion of 30% mannitol on the distribution of intraportally infused A-LAK cells in liver was studied. The trafficking studies were carried out in three groups. In Group 1, 51Cr labelled A-LAK cells were systemically infused through the tail vein of rats as a control group. In Group 2 and Group 3, A-LAK cells were infused into syngeneic rats through the portal vein without or following prior portal infusion of 30% mannitol. Two hours after LAK cell administration the rats were sacrificed and the radioactivity in liver, lung, spleen, blood, MLN, kidney and brain were measured to determine the distribution of A-LAK cells to these organs. The results showed that intraportal mannitol was associated with an increased percentage of LAK cells in the liver compared with regionally infused LAK cells without mannitol (54% vs 24%; P

In this study, we design a series of bridged energetic compounds based on pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazole to screen potential energetic materials with excellent detonation properties and acceptable sensitivities. The electronic structures, heats of formation, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and impact sensitivity of the designed compounds were calculated using density functional theory. The results showed that the designed compounds have high positive heats of formation in the range of 1035.4 (A7) to 2851.4 kJ mol−1 (D2). Moreover, the designed compounds have high crystal densities and heats of detonation, which significantly enhance detonation pressures and velocities. The detonation pressures and velocities are in the ranges of 6.23 (A1) to 9.65 km s−1 (D3) and 15.7 to 43.9 GPa (E8), respectively. The impact sensitivity data also suggest that the designed compounds have impact sensitivities in an acceptable range. Considering detonation pressures, detonation velocities, and impact sensitivities, six compounds (C3, C5, D3, D5, E3, and F3) were screened as potential materials with high-energy density, excellent detonation properties, and low impact sensitivities. Finally, the electronic structures of the screened compounds were simulated to provide further understanding on the physicochemical properties of these compounds.

Minimally invasive peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheterization is increasingly common, and percutaneous PD catheters may be placed using a trocar or the Seldinger technique. There are few reports of pediatric percutaneous PD catheter insertion. We retrospectively compared the outcomes from percutaneous placement of Tenckhoff catheters using a modified Seldinger technique with catheter placement by open surgery. This single-center retrospective study compared 14 pediatric patients who received percutaneous PD catheter insertion using an ultrasound-guided modified Seldinger technique (August 2018–February 2021) with 10 patients who received open-surgical PD catheter insertion (2015–2018). Complications and catheter survival were evaluated. The overall technical success rate was 100%, but the Seldinger technique required less time (30 vs. 45 min) and smaller incisions (1.1 vs. 4.4 cm). The early complications in the Seldinger and control groups were bleeding (1 vs. 0), catheter dysfunction (1 vs. 1), abdominal pain (3 vs. 7), and exit leakage (0 vs. 1). In the Seldinger group, the median time from insertion to first use was 3 days, and the minimum follow-up was 6 months. Catheter survival at 6 months was 93% (Seldinger group) and 90% (open surgery group). The adoption of this technique at our institution led to a significant increase in the percentage of new pediatric dialysis patients commencing PD rather than hemodialysis. Collectively, the modified Seldinger technique described here was safe and feasible in pediatric patients. This approach is simpler and more rapid than open surgery, and reduces early complications and increases PD uptake.

This paper mainly investigates the inhibitory effect and mechanism of vanillin on mixed-culture biofilm formation, and discusses the feasibility of controlling membrane fouling with vanillin. The biofilms were cultured under static conditions and a microfluidic chamber, respectively. The results show that vanillin can effectively inhibit the microbial adhesion and biofilm formation; the inhibition rate increases with the vanillin concentration. After 12h treatment with 300mg/L vanillin, the inhibition rate of biofilm formation reached 85.34%. Besides, vanillin can mitigate bacterial adhesion by reducing the microbial secretion of exoprotein and exopolysaccharide, exhibit an inhibitory effect on the expression of N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs), but had no effect on environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA). After being treated with 300mg/L vanillin, exoprotein, exopolysaccharide and AHLs decreased by 28.48%, 17.23% and 46.64%, respectively. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between the AHLs and the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs); the AHLs-mediated quorum sensing (QS) might be related to microbial adhesion through the regulation of EPS. Finally, vanillin has a great potential in membrane fouling control. The research findings provide a good reference for biofilm control in water purification and wastewater treatment systems.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Primer Sequences Used in RT-qPCR

Aiming at the problem that single-network hopping signals have not fully utilised its frequency domain sparse characteristic in the parameter estimation, this study proposes a parameter estimation of frequency hopping (FH) signal based on multi-measurement vector sparse Bayesian learning (MSBL) in modulation wideband converter (MWC). Since the FH signal is sparse in the frequency domain, the authors apply the MSBL method to estimate its parameters. After the signal is sampled by the MWC, the MSBL algorithm is used to reconstruct its support set. Then the time–frequency ridge method is used to estimate the signal's hop duration, time-hopping, and carrier frequency based on the time–frequency map. Simulation experiments show that under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, the parameter estimation performance in the case can be improved by up to 65% and anti-noise performance can be improved up to 6 db compared with the existing method. The result is very close to the Nyquist full sampling and can greatly improve the accuracy of the FH signal parameter estimation in the MWC system and relieve the pressure of the hardware.

Introduction Differential diagnosis of metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of breast (MSCCB) is difficult. In particular, in terms of metastatic MSCCB, because of the low speciality of traditional markers such as mammaglobin, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), the most common problem is differentiating the spread of MSCCB to the lung from a primary lung squamous cell carcinoma. It is urgently required to explore a novel marker to aid in differential diagnosis. Aim The aim of this study is to explore a novel marker to aid in the differential diagnosis of MSCCB from other squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in other organs. Methods We tested the expression of SOX10 in 375 human SCC specimens with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results In a series of 20 MSCCB, 9 (45%) were positive for SOX10. All of them were triple-negative MSCCB. Conversely, SOX10 was totally negative in another 205 SCC originating from lung, skin, cervix, oral mucosa, and esophagus. In a series of 150 triple-negative breast cancer and their metastatic foci, SOX10 labeling in the primary tumor and metastasis was 78% and 79.3%, respectively, and the agreement rate was 97.3% (P>0.05). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that SOX10 was recommended for differentiating MSCCB from non-mammary metastasis to the breast, as well as for distinguishing primary SCC from metastatic MSCCB, and SOX10 may be valuable in the pathological diagnosis of breast-derived metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma.

Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing frequency hopping signal parameter estimation algorithms based on compressed sensing theory, such as weak anti-noise performance, high data transmission and processing, and high hardware implementation cost, this study proposes an improved frequency hopping signal parameter estimation algorithm based on analogue information converter called Baseband Parameter Estimation (BPE) method. BPE does not reconstruct the frequency hopping signal into the Nyquist spectrum, and after obtaining the support set of the signal, the parameter estimation of the frequency hopping signal is performed directly at the baseband. The processing of baseband spectral slices can convert unreconstructed signal parameter estimates into parameter estimates for certain support sets, which makes BPE possible. Simulation experiments show that compared with the existing parameter estimation algorithm, BPE can not only greatly reduce the bandwidth and storage pressure required for subsequent transmission, but also has good anti-noise performance.

5,5'-Bitetrazole-1,1'-dioxydihydroxylamine salt (TKX-50), a high-energy energetic material, possesses good safety and energy properties. The energy characteristic data of TKX-50 are commonly generated via theoretical simulation and experimental measurements. Interestingly, the detonation velocity of TKX-50 is higher than HMX, but the specific kinetic energy of TKX-50 is the opposite. Thus, a systematic study on the decomposition mechanism of TKX-50 is important to establish the reasons for this variation in specific kinetic energy. Although the thermal decomposition mechanism of TKX-50 has been reported, the specific compositional changes of its gas products under different heating conditions remain unknown, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism from the perspective of gas products. Herein, the gas products of TKX-50 and HMX in thermal decomposition and thermal explosion are investigated and compared. It was found that more TKX-50 is converted to ABTOX for further decomposition when the heating rate increases. ABTOX can decompose to C2N2, which is prone to polymerization, generating a solid residue under high temperature and pressure. Although polymerized C2N2 decomposes and burns during the explosion, it delays the time of TKX-50 reaching its maximum amount of outgassing, thereby affecting its specific kinetic energy. Furthermore, in the thermal explosion, compared with HMX, TKX-50 generates less H2 and CO. Since the combustion heat of hydrogen is much higher than that of carbon, the more hydrogen generated, the higher the detonation heat obtained. Therefore, TKX-50 has a lower detonation heat, which also affects its specific kinetic energy.

Medical waste incinerator (MWI) fly ash is considered hazardous waste because it contains hypertoxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans as well as heavy metals. To detoxify both su...

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figs. 1���6. KEGG analysis of the COX/LOX pathway at multiple time points.

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for adaptively extracting respiratory waveform and estimating respiratory rate in different target states based on ultrawideband (UWB) radar. At present, the respiratory rate can be estimated in most algorithms only when the target is stationary. The proposed algorithm performs target state determination through fast time and slow time matrices respectively. The two detection procedures are cascaded to determine the target's state (namely, target absence, motion and breathing) and the human breathing area. In the following, the proposed algorithm adaptively extracts the respiratory waveform through the features of respiratory periodicity, which can overcome the shortcoming caused by the maximum energy range bin approach in the case of low signal-noise ratio (SNR). Finally, the respiratory frequency is estimated by the frequency time phase regression (FTPR) method. The experimental results show that the mean square error (MSE) between the estimated respiratory rate and the result of the multi-channel physiological recorder is 0.4664 breathvmin

Simvastatin promotes bone formation and increases bone mineral density in patients with hyperlipidemia and ameliorates hypercholesterolemia-induced microstructure changes in the jaw bone of animals. However, whether and how treatment with simvastatin can modulate the hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption is unclear. The present study aimed to examine the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms of simvastatin application in hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption. The association between hyperlipidemia and alveolar bone resorption in 100 patients with periodontitis was examined. Additionally, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rodent chow (NC) for 32 weeks or a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 24 weeks. The HCD-fed rats were randomized, continually fed with HCD and treated with vehicle saline (HC) or simvastatin by gavage (5 mg/kg; SIM, n=10/group) for 8 weeks. The morphological changes to alveolar bone resorption in rats were analyzed by linear measurements. The relative levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand RANKL, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 in the alveolar bone tissues were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Sulcus bleeding index (SBI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD) and the distance of cemantoenamel junction-alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) in patients with hyperlipidemia were significantly greater than that in the controls (P

Smart grid devices emit quantities of alarm signals all the time. These alarms are related because of the physical relations of these devices. These relations make the sequences of grid alarms predictable. A sequence prediction model based on Markov property is proposed to predict grid alarm sequences. And the online learning strategy of this model is proposed to implement the real-time training and prediction on runtime. A set of grid alarm sequences is used to verify the effectiveness of the model. The result of this prediction model can assist the operation of smart grids.

Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], has been used as a chloroacetanilide herbicide to control annual grass weeds and broadleaf weeds in corn, cotton, peanuts, soybeans and beans. In this paper, aRS-metolachlor has been used as a model to investigate the reaction of OH radicals with atmospheric metolachlor. The reaction mechanism was obtained at the MPWB1K/6-311 + g(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31 + g(d,p) level of theory and the rate constants were deduced over the temperature range of 180–370 K using canonical variational transition state (CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) method. The atmospheric lifetime of aRS-metolachlor determined by OH radicals is about 3.97 h, which indicates that it can be degradaded in the gas phase easily and doesn’t have the potential for long-range transport.

Advances in the understanding and application of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in surfactant-free emulsion systems have been made over the last decade. RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization not only serves as a powerful tool for preparing polymeric materials with controllable molecular weight, low polydispersity and high colloidal stability, but also can avoid the deleterious effects of small molecule surfactants. In this review, recent advances in RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization are described in detail and classified according to several criteria: (i) various RAFT agents, including small RAFT agents, hydrophilic macro-RAFT agents and amphiphilic macro-RAFT agents; (ii) the different types of polymerization for the preparation of organic/inorganic hybrid materials, such as RAFT-mediated Pickering surfactant-free emulsion polymerization and RAFT-mediated surfactant-free encapsulating emulsion polymerization. At the same time, the current significance, outstanding challenges and issues, and the future directions of RAFT-mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization are also discussed.

Nano-TiO2/fluorinated polyacrylate hybrid latex was prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization using reactive emulsifier. With the increase of modified nano-TiO2 content, the monomer conversion gradually decreased while the gel rate slowly increased accordingly. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses indicated that the core-shell latex particles were uniform with narrow size distribution. In addition, the hybrid film formed from nano-TiO2/fluorinated polyacrylate latex presented higher thermal stability, mechanical and UV-shielding performance than the film formed from fluorinated polyacrylate latex. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact angles (WCA) analyses confirmed that the surface of hybrid film was slightly rough and hydrophobic. Furthermore, the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed that the organic fluorine segment had the tendency to migrate to the film-air interface. At last, the results of the antibacterial activity and WCA showed that the cotton fabric treated with nano-TiO2/fluorinated polyacrylate hybrid latex possessed good antibacterial property and remarkable water repellency. POLYM. COMPOS., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Nano-TiO 2 /chitosan/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm) composite hydrogel was prepared by a two-step polymerization method, and nano-TiO 2 can endow the composite hydrogel with photocatalytic activity. The nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm composite hydrogel was characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The properties of dye adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were investigated. The results indicated that dye adsorption was strongly influenced by solution pH and the acid fuchsin (AF) removal rate was maximum at pH = 4. The dye removal rate decreased slightly with increasing temperature, and the composite hydrogel adsorbing AF dyes floated on the solution surface at 40 °C and could be readily removed from the aqueous solution. Kinetics analysis indicated that the dye adsorption by nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm composite hydrogel conformed to pseudo-second order model. Moreover, nano-TiO 2 /CS/PNIPAAm composite hydrogel exhibited high efficiency of photocatalytic degradation for AF dyes, and AF dye removal rate reached 90.5% under UV irradiation for 160 min.

In this paper an approach to build a collaborated feature supervector is proposed and a collaborated language model (CLM) builded with binary decision tree feature surpervector and N-gram feature supervector is introduced and applied to deal with the problems of language identification tasks such as handling long term contexts and too many parameters. Experiments are carried out on the database of National Institute of Standards and Technology language recognition evaluation 2009 (NIST LRE 2009). The experimental results have confirmed that phonotactic language recognition system using the collaborated language model yields 1.07%, 2.68%, 13.48% in equal error rate (EER), which means 8.54%, 12.70% and 4.60% relative reduction for 30s, 10s, 3s compared to the baseline system, respectively.

The main goal of this work was to prepare epoxy grouts with super-low viscosities that could be easily inserted into the micro-cracks of construction materials. The combinations of two diluents—acetone with 1,6 hexanediol diglycidylether (RDDF) or trimethylolpropane glycidylether (RDTF)—were developed for epoxy grouting materials. To clarify the effects of the combined diluents on the epoxy grouting materials, experiments to determine the viscosity and mechanical characteristics and SEM were carried out. The combined diluents could not only dramatically reduce the viscosity of the epoxy solution but could also modify the brittleness of the neat epoxy. To further describe the mechanism, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analyses were used to investigate the molecular modification of the epoxy network. The modification of the epoxy groups contributed to the properties of the epoxy grouts, accelerated the reaction with the curing agents and the ether groups, and improved the flexibilities of the epoxy grouts. Furthermore, the tests of the acute oral toxicity showed that the median lethal oral dose exceeded 5000 mg/kg and could be considered non-toxic. Epoxy grouting materials with super-low viscosities can be used for repairing micro-fractures in construction.

Purpose To compare the outcomes and complications of open reduction and internal fixation using precontoured versus noncontoured plates for the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures. Methods Open reduction and internal fixation using was performed on 130 patients with a midshaft clavicle fracture. Precontoured plates were used in 69 cases (group A) and noncontoured plates in 61 cases (group B). Results The average follow-up in both groups was approximately 21 months. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in mean surgery duration and blood loss, although Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Constant-Murley Shoulder scores at final follow-up were similar. Plate removal was required in 44.9% (31 of 69) of the precontoured group and 65.6% (40 of 61) of the noncontoured group. The indication was prominence of the hardware in 27.5% (19 of 69) of the precontoured group and 54.1% (33 of 61) of the noncontoured. In both groups, body mass index was lower in patients requiring implant removal because of hardware prominence. A higher proportion of females in both groups required implant removal. Conclusions Precontoured plates are associated with a lower rate of hardware removal. Body mass index and gender may be factors that influence the rate of hardware removal. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.

Objective. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of simvastatin on the jaw bone microstructural defect and autophagy in rats with high cholesterol diet (HCD). Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rodent chow (NC group) or a high cholesterol diet for 32 weeks and the HCD-fed rats were treated with vehicle (HC group) or simvastatin (5 mg/kg orally daily for 8 weeks, HC + SIM group, and n=10/group). The static histomorphometric changes in the jaw bone tissues in individual rats were evaluated. The relative levels of OPG, RANKL, NF-κB, LC3, and p62 in the jaw bone tissues were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Results. Compared with the NC group, the HC groups had lower trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, and increased ratios of RANKL/OPG in the jaw bone, accompanied by enhanced NF-κB activation and autophagy. Simvastatin treatment inhabited these changes, including the decreased levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines and increased autophagy. Conclusion. Simvastatin treatment could inhibit the hyperlipidemia-induced jaw bone microstructural defect in rats by increasing autophagic flux.

Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of geranylgeranyltransferaseⅠ (GGTase-Ⅰ) on the proliferation and growth of tongue squamous cancer cells. Methods Three small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were designed on the basis of the GGTase-Ⅰ sequence in GeneBank. These siRNAs were then transfected into tongue squamous cancer cells Cal-27. The mRNA and protein expression of GGTase-Ⅰ and RhoA were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The expression of Cyclin D1 and p21 were examined by Western blotting. The proliferation and growth ability were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Results The mRNA and protein expression of GGTase-Ⅰ in Cal-27 was reduced significantly after the GGTase-Ⅰ siRNAs were transfected (P0.05). No significant difference in RhoA mRNA and protein expression was detected (P0.05). Cyclin D1 expression decreased, whereas p21 expression increased significantly. The cell cycle was altered, and the growth-proliferative activity was inhibited (P0.05). Conclusion GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA can inhibit the expression of GGTase-Ⅰ and the proliferative activity of tongue squamous cancer cells. GGTase-Ⅰ may be a potential target for gene therapy in tongue squamous cell cancer.目的 研究异戊二烯化酶二牛龙牛儿基转移酶Ⅰ（GGTase-Ⅰ）在舌鳞状细胞癌增殖中的作用。方法 登录Genebank确定人GGTase-Ⅰ基因序列，设计3条小干扰RNA（siRNA），并将siRNA转染至舌癌细胞Cal-27（GGTase-ⅠsiRNA组）。设立空白对照组（只加入转染试剂，不加入siRNA）和阴性对照组（NC-siRNA）。采用实时定量聚合酶链反应和蛋白质免疫检测转染后各组细胞GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA的mRNA和蛋白表达；蛋白质免疫检测转染48 h后Cyclin D1、p21的表达变化；细胞增殖活性检测试剂盒和流式细胞术检测细胞的增殖活性和细胞周期变化。结果 与阴性对照组和空白对照组相比，GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 组细胞的GGTase-Ⅰ的mRNA和蛋白表达下降（P0.05），RhoA的mRNA和蛋白表达无明显改变（P0.05）；Cyclin D1的表达下降，p21表达升高，细胞的增殖活性下降，细胞周期发生改变（P0.05）。结论 GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA能抑制舌鳞状细胞癌细胞中GGTase-Ⅰ的表达，抑制细胞增殖，提示GGTase-Ⅰ在舌鳞状细胞癌增殖中可能发挥重要作用。.

Background Recent studies have indicated an association between hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, definitive evidence of this association is yet to be obtained. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of HIF-1α expression with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) of patients with OSCC. Methods A literature search for relevant studies published in English language as of February 05, 2016, was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Eighteen studies with a combined study population of 1474 patients with OSCC are included in the meta-analysis. Odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random-effects model or fixed-effects model. Results HIF-1α overexpression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.49–3.50, P = 0.017), advanced TNM stage (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.50–3.49, P = 0.158), and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.19–3.53, P

By theoretical calculation, the external force on the particle conveyed by pad asperities and the molecular adhesion force between particle and wafer are compared and analyzed quantitatively. It is confirmed that the molecular adhesion force between particle and wafer has a great influence on the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) material removal process. Considering the molecular adhesion force between particle and wafer, a more precise model for the indentation of a particle into the wafer surface is developed in this paper, and the new model is compared with the former model which neglected the molecular adhesion force. Through theoretical analyses, an approach and corresponding critical values are applied to estimate whether the molecular adhesion force in CMP can be neglected. These methods can improve the precision of the material removal model of CMP.

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) provides Radio Navigation Service System (RNSS) as well as Radio Determination Service System (RDSS). RDSS users can obtain positioning by responding the Master Control Center (MCC) inquiries to signal transmitted via GEO satellite transponder. The positioning result can be calculated with elevation constraint by MCC. The primary error sources affecting the RDSS positioning accuracy are the RDSS signal transceiver delay, atmospheric trans-mission delay and GEO satellite position error. During GEO orbit maneuver, poor orbit forecast accuracy significantly impacts RDSS services. A real-time 3-D orbital correction method based on wide-area differential technique is raised to correct the orbital error. Results from the observation shows that the method can successfully improve positioning precision during orbital maneuver, independent from the RDSS reference station. This improvement can reach 50% in maximum. Accurate calibration of the RDSS signal transceiver delay precision and digital elevation map may have a critical role in high precise RDSS positioning services.

Degradation of grassland is a complex and gradual process.In order to make it more capable for monitoring the changes in undergoing-degradation and not-being-completely-deserted grassland with remote sensing data,one of available ways is to identify spectral characteristics in response to the differences in grassland coverage by machine discerning.However,it is challenging since the differences are subtle in a TM / ETM image or other images with similar spatial and spectral resolution.This paper discusses the methods for a learning machine to discern the subtle differences from TM / ETM spectral data.The key technologies can be summarized as: replacing the grass cover(D) with the so called "weighted grass cover(Dw)" to solve the difficulties in the fitting between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) from TM/ETM spectral data and field measured D,designing some mathematical descriptors which are independent of image types and acquisition environment and discerning the indicative differences in response to Dw in a multi-descriptor space so that the error rate in the discerning will be surely reduced. Dw is a weighted sum of the D,the grass height(H) and the proportion of the poisonous in all grass(Dup).With the use of Dw,The regression equations between Dw,calculated by D,H and Dup measured in the field,and the normalized vegetation indexes,such as NDVI,SAVI,etc.,calculated with remote sensing spectral data will fit much better than that with the replacement of D for Dw.In order to improve the sensitivity to the differences in grass coverage by the learning machine,eight new mathematical descriptors,as the supplements of those vegetation indexes,have been proposed and then analyzed one by one in their correlation to Dw or tested in their validity for Dw segmentation.It is verified that some of the combinations of these descriptors are helpful for the learning machine to work out the laws of identifying pixels or cells belonging to different Dw.Otherwise,by comparing the classification accuracy in the use of two kinds of learning machines,i.e.DT and SVM,the types of learning machines are not so crucially to be able to decide discrimination accuracy as mostly desirable and,on the contrary,the construction of search space may be a more decisive factor. Our study shows that in the multi-descriptor spaces,the grasslands belonging to different Dw can reliably be classified with TM / ETM data.Being inspected by field sampling data,it is verified that the classification accuracy is nearer to or better than 80%.Based on the results in Dw classification,then the Dw changes can also be reliably deduced after adjusting the differences of luminance level between two images in different acquisition years.

Tetraena mongolica Maxim.belongs to a monotypic genus in the Zygophyllaceae and is a super xerophyte and a relic subshrub of the Tethys.This species is endemic to a very limited area of West Erods region in the western part of the Ordos Plateau in China.The limited distribution of this subshrub makes it an important conservation target.It is ranked as a second-class national endangered plant species as defined by China′s Red Book(endangered species list) and has been considered unique from both a plant taxonomical and regional systematics points of view.Also,from a practical standpoint,it plays an important role as a windbreaker and stabilizer of sand and contributes to soil conservation and the regulation of hydrological regimes.Populations of T.mongolica serve as an important element in ecosystem functioning and buffer local ecosystems against desertification.Deterioration of the environment and human activities in recent years have resulted in a high degree of landscape fragmentation and habitat loss in the area.As a result,population size and density of T.mongolica have been decreasing dramatically and populations are gradually being replaced by the closely related Zygophyllum xanthoxylon(Bunge) Maxim..T.mongolica has become severely endangered.So research on the conservation biology of this species has attracted attention.A comparative analysis in T.mongolica and its relative Z.xanthoxylon are ecologically important and will help document the threats to T.mongolica and offer a scientific basis for establishing protective measures for this species.One way to show the differentiation of adaptability in different plants is to study the characteristics of photosynthesis and water metabolism in these species.In this paper,seven water relation parameters were measured: osmotic potential at saturated point(Ψsats),osmotic potential at turgor loss point(Ψstlp),relative osmotic water content at turgor loss point(ROWCtlp),relative water content at turgor loss point(RWCtlp),relative content of apoplastic water(AWC),bound water/ free water(Va/V0),and maximum bulk modulus of elasticity(emax).The press-volume technique was used and photosynthetic characteristics were measured with a Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system.The goal was to compare the endangered plant T.mongolica to its relative Z.xanthoxylon to investigate differences in their viability and adaptability.The results show,first,T.mongolica had a higher Ψsats,Ψtlps,AWC,Va /V0 and lower emax,ROWCtlp,RWCtlp than Z.xanthoxylon.The two plants maintained their turgor pressure in different ways.T.mongolica maintains turgor pressure by elastic adjustment with small changes in cell volume and a strong ability to retain water.Z.xanthoxylon uses osmotic adjustment,which had a weak adjustment ability.T.mongolica is less able to maintain turgor pressure and has a lower water potential,which gives it a lower level of drought resistance than Z.xanthoxylon.Second,the curves of the diurnal change in the net photosynthetic rates(Pn) and transpiration rates(Tr) of these two plants had double peaks.The first peak appeared at 11:00 and the second at 15:00 with declines in Pn and Tr observed at midday in these two plants.When compared with Z.xanthoxylon,T.mongolica had lower a Pn and water use efficiency,which demonstrates its weaker photosynthetic capability and lower adaptability to a drought prone environment.The results revealed the physio-ecological viability and drought adaptability of T.mongolica were weaker than Z.xanthoxylon.

To quantitatively research the microstructural evolution of lamellar α phase in titanium alloys, large size cakes of Ti-17 alloy with initial lamellar microstructure were isothermally-forged at different strains in α+β phase field followed by solid-solution and aging treatment. The changes of α thickness and morphology in different locations (center, midradius, edge) of the cakes deformed to different strain levels were measured and the imposed strain was estimated using finite element analysis. It is found that increasing of forging strains causes an increase in thickness of α phase. The modification of α morphology depends strongly on the forging strains and the locations in the cakes. The distribution curves of α morphology parameter Feret Ratio were characterized by no peak at lower strains, and a single peak appears at Feret Ratio 1.5-2.5 at larger strains. Moreover, the peak values increased with increasing of the height reduction, and the distribution curves at the center have the largest peak values. Increasing of forging strains will cause the high-Feret-Ratio lamellae to decrease but low-Feret-Ratio α to increase noticeably. Sufficiently imposed strains also can improve the microstructure homogeneity in different locations of the cakes. The effect of the effective strains on the percentage of α phase with different morphologies is also quantificationally summarized. The average strains for initiation of globalization are of the order of 0.4 and those for completion are of the order of 1.0, which are lower than that of conventional α+β titanium alloys.

KEYWORD: New-type Urbanization; Electrical Energy Alternative; Comprehensive Benefit; Environmental Benefit; Net Income investment ratio Method ABSTRACT: In order to analyse feasibility of electrical energy alternative with development mode of new-type urbanization, a method based on net income investment ratio for comprehensive benefit evaluation model of electrical energy alternative is proposed. The economic benefit, environmental benefit and comprehensive benefit evaluation models are set up. And the net income investment ratio method is used to realize quantitative analysis of comprehensive benefit of electrical energy alternative. The result shows that the project using electric vehicle instead of conventional vehicle which belongs to “electricity instead of oil” has good economic benefit and environmental benefit, which can also provide theoretical basis for the implementation electrical energy alternative in new-type urbanization.

With the constructions of new-type towns, power demand in the towns grows constantly. In this paper, we have analyzed new features of towns and power utilizations in the new circumstances, and promoted morphological characteristics of distribution networks for new-type towns. We have stated several indicators for the measurement of distribution networks for new-type towns as well as the influencing factors of optimizing operation for the networks. We have analyzed the quantized influences of network structures, equipment levels, automation levels, distributed powers and reactive compensations on the operation of distribution networks, and propose technical measures for the existing problems. With considerations of the influencing factors of power demands in new-type towns, we have computed the weight of each factor through Interpretative Structural Models (ISM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and concluded three power supply modes of the Industry- Oriented, the Commerce-Oriented and the Synthetic. Taking the Industry oriented power supply mode as an example, we have analyzed the requirements of networks, as well as the construction target, contents and configurations for the mode.

The problem of pricing equilibrium of multi-service priority-based net- work is studied by using incentive strategy in Stackelberg game theory. First some concepts in game theory were introduced. Then, the existing results on two-user two-level Nash problem was introduced briefly. A new one-leader two-user two-level incentive Stackblberg strategy is presented by employing the time delay in the strategy.

In accordance with the requirements of concrete pole steam curing, this article puts forward a new series of PID control methods with fuzzy self-tuning, operated by S7-200PLC, to improve the quality of products, reduce steam consumption, achieve desirable robustness and potability.

Starting from micro-enterprise level, this paper used manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province of 2005–2007 balanced panel data to study enterprise efficiency, on which association within industry agglomeration and vertical industry spillover effect. In the paper, in order to eliminate existing TFP estimated endogenous variables; it uses “LP” method of treatment. Empirical findings within industry agglomeration on business efficiency have a significant positive effect; vertically related industries also overflow on Efficiency significant role in promoting. Conclusion is confirmed by localization economies and urbanization economies on China's economic growth and positive role.

Environmental policies and measures are controlled strictly, which make government and business locked in a non-cooperative game state. High cost and low flexibility is limited and criticized. As a new environmental policy, voluntary environmental management is adopted by from developed countries to developing countries. Clean production is one of voluntary environmental management tools. It can better solve both resource shortage and environmental pollution difficulties. Clean production technology is quasi-public goods with positive externality. Such product provided by voluntary non-profit organization is the lowest cost of institutional arrangements. As a bridge between government and enterprises, Industry associations can effectively motivate corporate environmental management of power, but also assist government implement policies to achieve a win-win performance both environmental development and government departments.

The interferometric method is one of the important techniques for direction-finding when the high accuracy of DOA is required, since the angle of the incident wave can be determined from its phase information. An Adcock antenna system of which the short baseline is less than 0.5/spl lambda//sub min/, is often used in the interferometric direction-finding technique. This kind of system has many advantages such as small size, light weight, convenient assembly, and flexible mobility. Moreover, such a system can achieve unique DOA results, because no ambiguity occurred in the direction-finding procedure. In this paper, the model error of the interferometric method is analyzed. A technique which can minimize the effect caused by the coupling between the DF antennas is presented. The technique is that of loading the antennas with matching networks. Some numerical results which reveals the validity of the technique proposed in this paper are also given.

The hysteresis effect in the output characteristics, originating from the floating body effect, has been measured in partially depleted (PD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs at different back-gate biases. ID hysteresis has been developed to clarify the hysteresis characteristics. The fabricated devices show the positive and negative peaks in the ID hysteresis. The experimental results show that the ID hysteresis is sensitive to the back gate bias in 0.13- m PD SOI MOSFETs and does not vary monotonously with the back-gate bias. Based on the steady-state Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination theory, we have successfully interpreted the impact of the back-gate bias on the hysteresis effect in PD SOI MOSFETs.

As SOI-CMOS technology nodes reach the tens of nanometer regime, body-contacts become more and more ineffective to suppress the floating body effect. In this paper, self-bias effect as the cause for this failure is analyzed and discussed in depth with respect to different structures and conditions. Other alternative approaches to suppressing the floating body effect are also introduced and discussed.

A plasmid carrying the lambda PL promoter was constructed to express efficiently unfused human alpha D-interferon (HuIFN-alpha D) in Escherichia coli using a TGATG site in its signal sequence, which occurs also in the lambda DNA sequence. The unfused nature of HuIFN-alpha D expressed by pBV867 in E. coli (BMH 71-18) was confirmed by the following evidence: first, the purified IFN showed a single band of 19.5K in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); a 27K band, representing lambda N-HuIFN-alpha D fusion protein, was not detected. Second, the peak of IFN activity coincided with the 19.5K protein. Third, the peak of absorbent material for human leukocyte IFN antibody coincided with that of IFN activity. Finally, amino-terminal sequencing of purified IFN demonstrated an unfused HuIFN-alpha D. This suggests that E. coli is able to process the signal sequence of HuIFN-alpha D. Studies on the mechanism of "translational coupling" initiation of gene expression were carried out by the construction of two hybrid plasmids and titration of the IFN activities produced by them. The level of expression by the ATG-TGATG initiation mode was found to be six times higher than that of the single ATG mode.

In this paper, the influence of the matrix-aggregate bond on the strength and brittleness of concrete is studied. Six different matrixaggregate interfaces are used to evaluate the interfacial bond capability. The results obtained on the strength and brittleness index of concrete show that strengthening and toughening of concrete can be obtained simultaneously, if the interfacial bonds are changes so that they conform to a rational distribution according to aggregate size. These results are discussed in terms of the energy dissipation and crack propagation during failure of concrete.