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The polymer-dielectric composite film is reported to obtain a hierarchical micro–nano structure. Composites exhibit excellent optical properties and their actual radiative cooling effect was tested in an outdoor environment.

Solar and radiative warming are smart approaches to maintaining the human body at a metabolically comfortable temperature in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. Nevertheless, existing warming textiles are ineffective in frigid climates because the solar absorption of selective absorbing coating is significantly reduced when coated on rough textile surface. Herein, for the first time, high-entropy nitrides based spectrally selective film (SSF) is introduced on common cotton through a one-step magnetron sputtering method. The well-designed refractive index gradient enables destructive interference effects, offering a roughness-insensitive high solar absorptance (92.8%) and low thermal emittance (39.2%). Impressively, the solar absorptance is 9.1% higher than the reported best-performing selective nanofilm-based textile. As a result, such a textile achieves a record-high photothermal conversion efficiency (82.2% under 0.6 suns, at 0 °C). This textile yields a 3.5 °C drop in the set-point of indoor air-conditioner temperature. Besides, in a winter morning with an air temperature of 7.5 °C, it warms up the human skin by as large as 12 °C under weak sunlight (350 W m

It was demonstrated that the electrochemical performance enhancements in KOH-activated carbon materials should be mainly due to the created polar oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs, such as such as C–O, C O, –OH, and O–C O), while the role of each OFGs on the electrochemical enhancements is still unclear. In this work, KOH activation treatments were systematically conducted on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to explore the role of each OFG on the performance enhancements of Li–S batteries (LSBs). Results showed that the capacity of activated-CNT-sulfur (a-CNT-S) cathodes is 33% higher than that of the pristine CNT-S cathodes, and their rate capability and cycling stability are also enhanced. And the electrochemical analysis combining with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the formed C–O bonds are the real factor for the enhanced electrochemical performances of a-CNT-S cathodes. Furthermore, the optimal activation conditions on CNT-based cathodes for LSBs were optimized to be 10 min at 700 °C.

Interest on the nonlinear optical (NLO) switches that turn on/off the second-harmonic generation (SHG) triggered by the external stimulus (such as heat) have continuously grown, especially on the solid-state NLO switches showing superior stability, reversibility, and reproducibility. Herein, we discover (NH4)2PO3F, as an entirely new solid-state NLO switch showing outstanding switch contrast and reversibility as well as strong SHG intensity (1.1 × KH2PO4 (KDP)) and high laser-induced damage threshold (2.0 × KDP), undergoes a unique first-order phase transition that originates from a reversible hydrogen-bond rearrangement and needs to overcome an energy barrier. Accordingly, we put forward a strategy to continuously modify such an energy barrier by reducing the number of hydrogen bonds per unit cell via an isoelectronic replacement of NH4+ by K+ with a similar size yet incapability of providing any hydrogen bond. Consequently, Kx(NH4)2-xPO3F (x = 0-0.3) exhibiting excellent switching performance are obtained. Remarkably, Kx(NH4)2-xPO3F not only realizes a continuously tunable Tc spanning from 270 to 150 K, representing the widest NLO switching temperature range ever known but also indicates the first solid-state NLO switch example with continuous Tc. Intrinsically, such a Tc decline depends on the weakening degree of the hydrogen-bonding interactions in the unit cell. These new insights will shed useful light on the future material design and open new application possibilities.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their related hybrids grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method have been frequently used as energy-storage electrode materials. In most cases, the tips of CNTs are almost well closed, which often limits the utilization efficiency of their tubular structure in storage of charges. In this work, the authors have designed a type of tip-open CNT/CNF hierarchical hybrids via KOH activation on the CVD-grown Al/Fe-catalyzed CNT/CNF precursors. Results showed that the CNT hierarchies' tips can be fully opened via KOH activation at 700–750 °C for 90 min. As expected, the tip-open CNT-CNF hybrids show a highly improved specific capacitance, which increases by 3.3 times that of the pristine ones. Moreover, sweep analysis indicated that the diffusion-type capacitance increases by 3.7 times while the Helmholtz-type capacitance increases only by 1.5 times, indicating that the tip-open CNTs contribute to ∼30% of the increase in double-layer capacitance. Further optimization on activation time and temperature indicated that activation at 700 °C for 90 min is suitable for opening the tips of CNT hierarchies and protecting the CNTs’ tubular structure. This research would give some useful advice for the preparation of high-performance CNT-related electrode materials for energy storage.

Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of cancer that starts in certain blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. LncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), a well known protooncogene, has be shown to be upregulated in various tumor types, including multiple myeloma. However, the biological function of MALAT1 in CML remains has yet to be explored. This study was designed to investigate the effects of MALAT1 on the physiological processes in CML and its underlying mechanisms, which will be helpful for us to have a better understanding of CML development and progression as well as improved therapeutic method. Methods Recombinant virus construction and infection was performed to overexpress or knockdown the expression of MALAT1. Dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to vetify the interaction between MALAT1 and miR-328. The cell viability and cell cycle were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative real time PCR and western blotting assays were used to measure the expression of genes and proteins. Results The expression of MALAT1 was significantly increased in CML cells compared with peripheral blood cells from health donors. Silencing of MALAT1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and arrested cell cycle of CML cells by targeting miR-328. Moreover, MALAT1 knockdown enhanced imatinib sensitivity of K562 cells, while silencing of miR-328 abolished this effect. Conclusions These findings indicate that lncRNA MALAT1/miR-328 axis promotes the proliferation and imatinib resistance of CML cells, providing new perspectives for the future study of MALAT1 as a therapeutic target for CML.

Post-grown hierarchical pseudocapacitive nanostructures often suffer from their bad long-term cycling stability. In this work, a type of hierarchical partially-embedded MnO nanocube/electrospun carbon nanofiber composites (pe-MnO/ECNFs) was designed. Results show the MnO nanocubes are partially embedded into the ECNFs skeletons, showing a strong joint between them. The pe-MnO/ECNFs electrodes exhibit a high specific capacitance of 146 F g−1 (to the whole electrode mass) at scan rate of 5 mV s−1, and an ultralow decay rate of 0.004‰ per cycle for 20,000 cycles at 10 A g−1, which is much better than those of the MnO2/ECNF ones (96 F g−1, decay rate of 0.015‰ per cycle). Furthermore, the assembled flexible symmetric supercapacitors show an high energy density of 6.8 W h kg−1, a high dynamic bending stability, and a robust long cycling stability (low decay rate of 0.003‰ per cycle for 6000 cycles at 1 A g−1).

Carbon nanomaterials have been frequently used to physically inhibit the lithium polysulfide's shuttle in lithium–sulfur batteries, especially those crumpled structure of graphene. Here, a type of reduced graphene oxide fiber enwrapped nano-sulfur (rGOF@nano-S) hybrids were synthesized by a simple sulfur-containing-ion assisted microwave (MW) synthesis method and then utilized as a sulfur host for lithium–sulfur batteries. The synergistic reactions of MW treatments and sulfur-containing-ion force on the precursor GO nanosheets (NSs) have induced a well-crumpled fibrous structure, and simultaneously uniformly wrapped the nano-S particles in them, which would make the resultant cathodes achieve improved electrochemical performances. The rGOF@nano-S hybrid cathodes showed a high reversible capacity (886 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C rate), a high rate capability (remaining 61% at 2 C rate), and an excellent cycling stability (with a minimal decay rate of 0.04% per cycle over 800 cycles at 1 C), which are highly improved compared to those of the hybrids without MW treatments. In addition, the optimal MW treatment time on rGOF@nano-S hybrid cathodes were also explored to be 2.4 min under 700-W power. This work suggests that MW treatments would be a useful strategy for the preparation of high-performance cathodes for Li–S batteries.

The goal of the Real-time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance (RODS) Open Source Project is to accelerate deployment of computer-based syndromic surveillance. To this end, the project has released the RODS software under the GNU General Public License and created an organizational structure to catalyze its development. This paper describes the design of the software, requested extensions, and the structure of the development effort.