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Surface folded composites were prepared in situ using CoNi LDH hybrid films loaded with nitrogen-doped carbon dots on self-assembled ZnO microspheres (ZnO@CoNi LDH-NCDs). It acts as an electrode which has excellent sensing performance for hydrazine.

The red light (R) to far-red light (FR) ratio (R:FR) regulates plant responses to salt stress, but the regulation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, tomato seedlings were grown under half-strength Hoagland solution with or without 150 mM NaCl at two different R:FR ratios (7.4 and 0.8). The photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the phenotypes at chloroplast ultrastructure and whole plant levels were investigated. The results showed that low R:FR significantly alleviated the damage of tomato seedlings from salt stress. On day 4, 8, and 12 at low R:FR, the maximum photochemical quantum yields (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) were increased by 4.53%, 3.89%, and 16.49%, respectively; the net photosynthetic rates (Pn) of leaves were increased by 16.21%, 90.81%, and 118.00%, respectively. Low R:FR enhanced the integrity and stability of the chloroplast structure of salinity-treated plants through maintaining the high activities of antioxidant enzymes and mitigated the degradation rate of photosynthetic pigments caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress. The photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme-related gene expression, and transcriptome sequencing analysis of tomato seedlings under different treatments were also investigated. Low R:FR promoted the de novo synthesis of D1 protein via triggering psbA expression, and upregulated the transcripts of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) related genes. Meanwhile, the transcriptome analysis confirmed the positive function of low R:FR on enhancing tomato salinity stress tolerance from the regulation of photosynthesis and ROS scavenging systems.

The rational design of high-efficiency catalysts for non-enzymatic glucose sensing is extremely important for the timely and effective monitoring of glucose content in beverages and human blood. A 3D bimetallic organic framework (Coordination Polymer of Oslo, CPO) nanorod array with oxygen vacancies was green fabricated on carbon cloth (Ni

To gain deep insight into the content of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) and organic mercury (OrgHg) in the organisms or environment, speciation analysis was urgently required. The traditional methods for...

The design and construction of a promising electrode is attractive for the sensitive and selective detection of hydrazine. In this paper, hollow CoS2/N-doped mesoporous graphite carbon nanocages (CoS2/HNGC) were synthesized derived from ZIF-8@ZIF-67 by annealing and sulfidation. In situ nitrogen coordination and self-compounding porous carbon with hollow structure can effectively improve electrocatalytic performance and electron transfer rate of catalyst electrode. The sensor has good performance for hydrazine with a wide linear range of 1 μM − 3 mM, high sensitivity of 2384 μA mM−1 cm−2, and detection limit of 0.272 μM (S/N = 3). In addition, the fine selectivity and the application of this sensor in food hydrazine detection suggest that CoS2/HNGC can be used as an efficient electrochemical detection material for hydrazine.

An ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) array chip as the irradiation source for nano-TiO2 catalyzed photochemical vapor generation (PCVG) was combined with a hollow electrode point discharge microplasma optical emission spectrometer (HEPD-OES) to realize instrumental miniaturization, and utilized for quantitative analysis of trace selenium (Se). Under the irradiation of the UV-LED array chip, Se(IV) and Se(VI) could be effectively converted into volatile species in a miniature quartz coil coating with nano-TiO2 on its inner wall as a photocatalyst. Meanwhile, volatile analyte species were totally guided into the hollow electrode and transported into the inside of micro-discharge plasma for excitation and enhanced sensitivity. Experimental conditions of PCVG and HEPD-OES were investigated in detail using an analytical line of Se at 203.98 nm through the peak area integrated for quantitation. Under optimized experimental conditions of 0.6 mL sample volume, 10% (v/v) acetic acid, 370 nm and 50 W LED, and 75 s UV irradiation, Se(IV) and Se(VI) could be detected with the same LODs, 3.9 μg L−1 and 4.1 μg L−1, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was validated by the analysis of the Certified Reference Materials (CRMs, GBW(E)080395 and BWB2427-2016) and real water samples. With the advantages of high compatibility, high efficiency, small size and low power consumption, the integration of UV-LED array chip based PCVG and HEPD-OES would be beneficial to fabricate miniaturized and portable devices for field analysis.

A method of cobalt ion assisted enhancement of photochemical vapor generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (PVG-AFS) was proposed for sensitive determination of ultratrace tellurium(IV). With a mixture of 5% (v/v) formic acid and 20% (v/v) acetic acid as the reaction medium, more than 13-fold improvement in AFS intensity for Te(IV) was achieved simply by adding 1 mg L−1 Co2+ as a homogeneous catalyst. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed with the characterization results of GC-MS and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for Te(IV) was 0.06 μg L−1, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.3% (10 μg L−1 Te, 7 times). The accuracy and utility of this methodology were validated by analysis of real water samples, with satisfactory recoveries of 91–108%.

In this work, a 3D ultra-thin NiCo-LDH nanosheet array coated Cu nanoparticles on carbon cloth (NiCo-LDH@Cu NSA/CC) was ultrafast synthesized by plasma magnetron sputtering for the first time. This method has low toxicity and is easy to operate. As a durable and efficient 3D heteronanoarray electrocatalyst for glucose detection, NiCo-LDH@Cu NSA/CC has higher stable conductivity and faster electron transport rate than NiCo-LDH NSA/CC and Cu nanoparticles, which work through synergistic effect to form a high-performance sensing platform. The NiCo-LDH@Cu NSA/CC heteronanosheet structure has good electrocatalytic performance for glucose oxidation, with the sensitivity of the two linear ranges (0.001-1 mmol L

The modular heat storage wall is a new type of solar greenhouse wall structure, which has the advantages of fast construction and good heat storage ability. This study provides data reference and practical value for producing modular heat storage wall in the construction of a solar greenhouse. In this paper, we used different heat storage materials to construct the modular wall. In the winter thermal environment test, soil module solar greenhouse (SG) and stone module solar greenhouse (PG) were controlled against each other in two greenhouses. The test results for 28 consecutive days (31 January 2021 9:00 to 28 February 2021 9:00) showed that both greenhouses could effectively increase the temperature in greenhouse by 10–12 °C. The average temperature of SG was 0.86 °C lower than that of PG during the daytime (09:00–17:00) and 0.44 °C higher than that of PG during the nighttime (17:00–09:00). Under typical sunny conditions, the average temperature differences between the inlet and outlet of SG in the heat storage and exothermic stage was less than that of PG, and the relative humidity difference was greater than that of PG. This indicated that SG had a better performance of heat preservation than PG and could raise the nighttime temperature rapidly. Under the condition of a typical cloudy day, the average temperature difference between the inlet and outlet was SG < PG and the relative humidity difference was SG > PG in the exothermic stage, which was consistent with the conclusion of sunny days. In the storage and exothermic stages of typical sunny days and cloudy days, the total heat exchange of SG was 464.87, 110.44 and 54.82 MJ and the total heat exchange of PG was 264.16, 61.60 and 46.89 MJ, respectively. Moreover, the heat storage and release of SG were more than that of PG in all stages. In summary, the thermal performance of the modular heat storage wall heliogreenhouse could meet the growth of tomato crop, in which the heat transfer performance of SG was optimum.

Composited carbon nanomaterials have attracted wide attention and are used for high-sensitivity biological assays due to their low toxicity, good biocompatibility, and excellent electrical conductivity. To further promote electron transfer and enhance electrocatalytic activity to detect dopamine (DA), this study proposed carbon dots (CDs) based on glycerol synthesized by liquid dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) microplasma. Combined with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with excellent electrical conductivity, a composited carbon nanomaterial electrode of CDs/MWCNTs was constructed. As a DA biosensor, the interaction and electron exchange between MWCNTs, CDs, and DA can be enhanced thanks to the π-π stacking force, thereby facilitating the sensitive electrochemical detection of DA. The sensor exhibits good sensing performance toward DA detection with a linear range of 2.0-100 μM, a limit of detection (LOD) of 11.08 nM (S/N = 3), and a sensitivity of 29020 μA cm

A miniaturized/portable visual colorimetric system based on hydride generation headspace solid phase extraction (HG-HS-SPE) was proposed for arsenic detection by naked eyes. As(III) was transformed into AsH

Stomatal opening/closure plays a key role in balancing a plant’s need to conserve water, while still allowing for the exchange of photosynthetic and respiratory gasses with the atmosphere. Stomatal opening/closure can be induced by differences in light quality but a detailed knowledge of the role of light in stomatal regulation in tomato is limited. In this study, we evaluated red and blue light-dependent stomatal opening processes in tomato seedlings and explored the mechanisms involved using different light-quality treatments. After 10 h of darkness, tomato seedlings were subjected to the following five treatments: monochromatic red light (R), 33% blue (2R1B), 50% blue (1R1B), 67% blue (1R2B), and monochromatic blue light (B) at 200 μmol m−2s−1light intensity. The highest stomatal conductance recorded were for 1R1B. Stomatal aperture under 1R1B showed a 92.8% increase after 15 min and a 28.6% increase after 30 min compared with under R alone. Meanwhile, the study shows that the expressions of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in the leaf were regulated by different proportions of blue light. The results show that the expressions of HA1 and HA4 increased under 1R1B and 1R2B after 15 min of exposure compared with under R alone. Under 1R1B, our results also show net photosynthesis increased compared with R and B after longer treatments, which may be related to chloroplast ultrastructure, and leaf dry weight increased compared with under 1R2B or B alone, but there were no differences under the R and 2R1B light treatments.

Carbon dioxide concentration (CO2 ) and light intensity are known to play important roles in plant growth and carbon assimilation. Nevertheless, the underlying physiological mechanisms have not yet been fully explored. Tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Jingpeng No. 1) were exposed to two levels of CO2 and three levels of light intensity and the effects on growth, leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency were investigated. Elevated CO2 and increased light intensity promoted growth, dry matter accumulation and pigment concentration and together the seedling health index. Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on leaf nitrogen content but did significantly upregulate Calvin cycle enzyme activity. Increased CO2 and light intensity promoted photosynthesis, both on a leaf-area basis and on a chlorophyll basis. Increased CO2 also increased light-saturated maximum photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency and carboxylation efficiency and, together with increased light intensity, it raised photosynthetic capacity. However, increased CO2 reduced transpiration and water consumption across different levels of light intensity, thus significantly increasing both leaf-level and plant-level water use efficiency. Among the range of treatments imposed, the combination of increased CO2 (800 µmol CO2 mol-1 ) and high light intensity (400 µmol m-2 s-1 ) resulted in optimal growth and carbon assimilation. We conclude that the combination of increased CO2 and increased light intensity worked synergistically to promote growth, photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency by upregulation of pigment concentration, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, light energy use and CO2 fixation. Increased CO2 also lowered transpiration and hence water usage.

Chemical vapor generation (CVG) is widely used in analytical atomic spectrometry, with advantages of high efficiency of sample introduction (vapor generation and transportation) and matrix separation. Photochemical vapor generation (Photo-CVG) is a new subset of CVG and it has been demonstrated a powerful alternative to conventional CVG techniques due to its inherent advantages. For a long time, most research works have been devoted to improving vapor generation efficiency and expanding the vaporable element scope of Photo-CVG. Nowadays, with the help of nanomaterials and enhancement reagents, Photo-CVG covers a wide range of detectable elements and the vapor generation efficiency of some elements has been improved significantly. In this review, we summarizes the developments and applications of nanomaterials/enhancement reagents assisted Photo-CVG for analytical atomic spectrometry, including TiO2 and TiO2-based composites, MOFs and some metal ions utilized as photocatalysts, photo-oxidation/reduction and enhancement reagents; as well as nanomaterials for preconcentration/separation in Photo-CVG systems.

Imaging analysis, especially bioimaging analysis, has been a hot research topic in recent years. There are numerous imaging analysis techniques for diverse applications of a wide spectrum of sample...

In plants, 14-3-3 proteins are recognized as mediators of signal transduction and function in both development and stress response. However, there are only a few preliminary functional researches in the C4 crop foxtail millet. Here, phylogenetic analysis categorized foxtail millet 14-3-3s (SiGRFs) into 10 discrete groups (Clusters I to X). Transcriptome and qPCR analyses showed that all the SiGRFs responded to at least one abiotic stress. All but one SiGRF-overexpressing (OE) Arabidopsis thaliana line (SiGRF1) exhibited insensitivity to abiotic stresses during seed germination and seedling growth. Compared with the Col-0 wild-type, SiGRF1-OEs had slightly lower germination rates and smaller leaves. However, flowering time of SiGRF1-OEs occurred earlier than that of Col-0 under high-salt stress. Interaction of SiGRF1 with a foxtail millet E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (SiRNF1/2) indicates that the proteinase system might hydrolyze SiGRF1. Further investigation showed that SiGRF1 localized in the cytoplasm, and its gene was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues throughout various developmental stages. Additionally, flowering-related genes, WRKY71, FLOWERING LOCUS T, LEAFY, and FRUITFULL, in SiGRF1-OEs exhibited considerably higher expression levels than those in Col-0 under salinity-stressed conditions. Results suggest that SiGRF1 hastens flowering, thereby providing a means for foxtail millet to complete its life cycle and avoid further salt stress.

The development of an efficient and convenient non-enzymatic glucose (Glu) sensor is an extremely attractive and challenging subject. In this work, a 3D cobalt phosphide coated nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide heteronanosheet array on Ni foam (CoxP@NiCo-LDH NSA/NF) was constructed using electrodeposition and high-temperature phosphating technology. Its unique heteronanosheet array structure and synergistic effect resulting in excellent electrochemical activity for Glu. The response time of the sensor is ultra-fast (

Selenium was taken as an example to investigate the effect of variable ultraviolet (UV) wavelength and intensity on its photochemical vapor generation (photo-CVG) process. A broadband laser-driven light source (LDLS) and a UV lamp were utilized as irradiation sources for the photo-CVG of trace selenium which was sensitively detected by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Five filters with bandpass at different wavelength (254 nm, 285 nm, 315 nm, 365 nm and 395 nm) were used to filtrate the light from the LDLS and the UV lamp. The signal change of Se(VI) by photo-CVG-AFS was monitored when a TiO2-coated quartz coil was irradiated by variable wavelength and intensity. The experimental results indicated: (1) the efficiency of Se(VI) photo-CVG varied with irradiation wavelength; (2) a synergistic effect existed for the photo-CVG, and the efficiency of the full spectrum was thus better or close to the sum of all wavelengths; and (3) the efficiency of Se(VI) photo-CVG was also affected by the UV intensity.

Cold stress is an important factor that limits the yield and quality of various agricultural plants worldwide. Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could be an efficient way to help some plants resist cold stress. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanism concerning this particular process is limited. To determine the role of AMF in cold resistance, we performed transcriptome sequencing of cucumber roots with four treatments: NI (non-inoculated, normal temperature), NI + C (non-inoculated, cold stress), AMF (inoculated, normal temperature), and AMF + C (inoculated, cold stress). Nearly 67 million (87.5%) reads were mapped to the cucumber genome, whereas only 758,106 (0.91%) and 281,324 (0.34%) reads were mapped to the AMF genome for AMF and AMF + C, respectively. Compared to the NI + C, AMF + C had 2173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 1128 up-regulated and 1045 down-regulated. Expression profiling for nine cucumber DEGs was further confirmed by RT-qPCR. Interestingly, we detected 180 cucumber DEGs, which were significantly down-regulated by cold stress but significantly up-regulated by AMF inoculation under cold stress. They were inferred as key cold-resistance genes induced by AMF. Third, functional enrichment analysis of cucumber DEGs between NI + C versus AMF + C indicated that these genes mainly participate at biological processes of oxidative metabolism and ion (nitrate and iron) uptake/transport. Together, our findings suggest that AMF-induced key genes significantly respond to cold stress and provide clues for further functional analyses of these genes to cold resistance.

A miniaturized UV-LED photochemical reactor is proposed for selenium photochemical vapor generation (Photo-CVG). The miniaturized Photo-CVG reactor with a coin size mainly consists of an ultraviolet light-emitting-diode (UV-LED) and a quartz coil with nano-TiO2 coating on its inner wall. It was coupled with an atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS) as a sample introduction device for trace selenium determination. The nano-TiO2 coating process, UV-LED wavelength and correlative experimental parameters as well as potential interference were investigated in detail. Under optimized experimental conditions, limits of detection of 0.21 and 0.28 μg L−1 for Se(VI) and Se(IV) were obtained, respectively, with a relative standard deviation (n = 3) of 2.5% and 1.0% at 20 μg L−1. The potential application of this UV-LED Photo-CVG AFS was demonstrated by successfully analyzing a certified reference water sample and several mineral water samples.

Nano g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 composite was synthetized and utilized as a novel photocatalyst for enhanced photochemical vapor generation for sample introduction to atomic fluorescence spectrometry. High reduction efficiency for Se (VI) was obtained to facilitate its ultrasensitive determination by atomic fluorescence spectrometry, with a limit of detection of 0.08 ng mL − 1 . The photocatalytic mechanism of this composite was also discussed and demonstrated its highly efficient photocatalytic capacity and promissing applications in trace selenium (VI) determination and extraction.

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is one of the most popular sources in analytical atomic spectrometers, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). There are several unique independent advantages for either of them. Therefore, a simultaneous elemental analysis system was established for synergetic work of ICP-MS and ICP-OES by sharing one ICP to improve the analytical figures of merit. To demonstrate its unique utility, several special applications were studied, including correction of interferences for each other, synergetic determination for accurate analysis and combinatorial analysis for larger linear ranges of calibration curves.

The extensive use of chemical fertilizers poses serious collateral problems such as environmental pollution, pest resistance development and food safety decline. Researches focused on applying plant-beneficial microorganisms to partially replace chemical fertilizer use is increasing due to the requirement of sustainable agriculture development. Thus to investigate the possibility of a plant-beneficial Trichoderma strain and its bio-organic fertilizer product in saving chemical fertilizer application and in improving crop quality, a field trial and continuous pot experiments were carried out with tomato. Four treatments were set up: a reduced application of chemical fertilizer (75% of the conventional application) plus Trichoderma-enriched bio-organic fertilizer (BF), organic fertilizer (OF) or Trichoderma spore suspension (SS), with using the 100% rate of the conventional chemical fertilizer as the control (CF). The results showed that the total soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate accumulations were, respectively, +up to 24%, +up to 57% and –up to 62% in the tomatoes of the BF treatment compared to those of the control (CF). And both of the pot and field trials revealed that reduced rates of chemical fertilizer plus bio-organic fertilizer produced tomato yields equivalent to those obtained using the 100% of the chemical fertilizer. However, application with the inoculant alone (SS) or combined with the organic fertilizer alone (OF) would lead to a yield decreases of 6–38% and 9–35% over the control. Since the increased abundance of soil microflora and the enhanced soil fertility frequently showed positive linear correlations especially in the BF-treated soils, we conclude that the efficacy of this bio-organic fertilizer for maintaining a stable tomato yield and improving tomato quality may be due to the improved soil microbial activity. Thus, the results suggest that the Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer could be employed in combination with the appropriate rates of chemical fertilizers to get maximum benefits regarding yield, quality and fertilizer savings.

Downy mildew (DM), caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is one of the major foliar diseases prevailing in cucumber-growing areas. The mechanism of DM resistance in cucumber, particularly the plant introduction (PI) 197088 from India, is presently unclear. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is an efficient approach to studying DM resistance genes in cucumber. In this study, we performed QTL mapping for DM resistance in PI 197088 with 183 F2-derived F3 (F2:3) families from the cross between PI 197088 (DM resistant) and Changchunmici (DM susceptible). A linkage map was constructed using 141 simple sequence repeat markers. Phenotypic data were collected from seven independent experiments. In total, five QTL were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, and 5 with DM resistance contributed by PI 197088. The QTL on chromosome 4, dm4.1, was reproducibly detected in all indoor experiments, which could explain 27% of the phenotypic variance detected. Additionally, dm1.1 and dm5.2 showed moderate effects, while dm3.1 and dm5.1 were minor-effect QTL. This study revealed the unique genetic architecture of DM resistance in PI 197088, which may provide important guidance for efficient use in cucumber breeding for DM resistance.

Salinity-alkalinity stress has caused severe environment problems that negatively impact the growth and development of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). In this study, watermelon seedlings were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae to investigate its effect on watermelon growth and development. The main measurements included morphological traits, elemental and water uptake, the level of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme and photosynthesis activities, and relative expression levels of stress response genes. Under salinity-alkalinity stresses, watermelon morphological traits, elemental and water uptake were all significantly alleviated after incubation with AMF. Antioxidant abilities of watermelon were significantly improved after incubation with AMF in salinity-alkalinity stresses. Under normal conditions, all photosynthesis related parameters were significantly increased after incubation of AMF. In contrast, they were all significantly reduced under salinity-alkalinity stresses and were all significantly alleviated after incubation of AMF. Salinity-alkalinity stresses impacted the chloroplast structure and AMF significantly alleviated these damages. Under salinity-alkalinity stresses, the relative expression level of RBCL was significantly reduced and was significantly alleviated after AMF treatment. The relative expression level of PPH was significantly increased and was further significantly reduced after AMF treatment. For the relative expression levels of antioxidant response related genes Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, APX, GR, their relative expression levels were significantly increased and were further significantly increased after AMF treatment. Our study demonstrated the beneficial effects of AMF under salinity-alkalinity stresses, which could be implicated in the management of watermelon cultivation under salinity-alkalinity regions.

Carbon dioxide concentration (CO

Flame synthesis is one of the important methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In this work, NiO nanoparticles on carbon cloth (NiO/CC) were synthesized via a flame method, and the synthesized NiO/CC was used as a non-enzymatic sensor for the detection of glucose and formaldehyde. NiO/CC shows an excellent analytical performance for glucose sensing with a satisfactory reproducibility and selectivity, providing a response time as short as 3 s, a wide detection ranging from 5 μM to 2 mM, a LOD with 7.45 nM (S/N = 3), and a sensitive response with 4025 μA mM−1cm−2. Furthermore, the sensor also has a sensitive response to formaldehyde, a LOD of 6.8 nM (S/N = 3), a sensitivity of 5752 μA mM−1cm−2 and a response time of 3 s were obtained.

In this work, magnetic Fe3O4@ZIF-8 core-shell nanoparticles (MNPs) were employed for effective adsorption of inorganic arsenic for preconcentration, with adsorption mechanism thoroughly discussed. The adsorbed inorganic arsenic was easily separated by a magnet along with the MNPs from the sample matrix, with possible matrix interference eliminated. The MNPs were then completely dissolved in hydrochloric acid prior to the determination of inorganic arsenic by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The Fe3O4@ZIF-8 MNPs were prepared with a facile step-by-step assembly method in aqueous solution at room temperature. Under the optimized conditions, the sensitivity for inorganic arsenic determination was significantly increased through preconcentration, with satisfactory analytical merits obtained.

The NiCl(OH) nanosheet array grown in situ on the carbon cloth (NiCl(OH) NS/CC) was synthesized using only anhydrous ethanol and NiCl2·6H2O as a raw material in a mild hydrothermal method. In this paper, NiCl(OH) NS/CC was used as the working electrode for electrochemically sensing glucose under alkaline conditions. Compared with some reports of nickel-based electrochemical detection of glucose, the NiCl(OH) NS/CC electrochemical sensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of 8052.0 μA mM−1 cm−2, a wide linear range of 0.001–3.45 mM, a lower detection limit of 0.29 μM and a response time of less than 5 s. In addition, our sensors can effectively detect glucose in serum and saliva of human beings. Furthermore, the NiCl(OH) NS/CC catalyst has good long-term stability and is highly selective for glucose detection.

Selenium was the first reported element that could be converted into its volatile compounds via photochemical vapor generation (photo-CVG) process before its atomic spectrometric detection. Photo-CVG is a newly emerging vapor generation technique, offering its inherent advantages of matrix interferences eliminated and high vapor efficiency etc., photo-CVG has been combined with various methods for selenium determination and mechanism exploration. Herein, we summarize the development of selenium in photo-CVG from the first report in 2003, the mechanisms of selenium with or without TiO2 were discussed and its applications for selenium determination, speciation analysis and prereduction were summarized.

In this paper, we developed a method of one-step synthesis of Co(OH)F nanoflower on carbon cloth (Co(OH)F NF/CC) by dielectric barrier discharge microplasma as a highly efficient catalytic electrode for sensing glucose under alkaline conditions. Thanks to the microplasma-based synthesis method, only 1.5 h the Co(OH)F nanoflower obtained in situ on the carbon cloth under ambient temperature and pressure. As a non-enzymatic sensor, the Co(OH)F NF/CC electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic activity, such as shorter response time (