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The formation of diploid gametes through chromosome doubling is a major mechanism of polyploidization, diversification, and speciation in plants. Unfavorable climate conditions can induce or stimulate the production of diploid gametes during meiosis. Here, we demonstrated that heat shock stress (38°C for 3 or 6 h) induced 2n pollen formation, and we generated 42 triploids derived from heat shock-induced 2n pollen of Populus canescens. Meiotic analysis of treated pollen mother cells revealed that induced 2n pollen originated from the complete loss of meiosis II (MII). Among the 42 triploids, 38 triploids derived from second division restitution (SDR)-type 2n pollen and 4 triploids derived from first division restitution-type 2n pollen were verified using simple sequence repeats (SSR) molecular markers. Twenty-two differentially expressed genes related to the cell cycle were identified and characterized by expression profile analysis. Among them was POPTR_0002s08020g (PtCYCA1;2), which encodes a type A Cyclin CYCA1;2 that is required for the meiosis I (MI) to MII transition. After male flower buds were exposed to heat shock, a significant reduction was detected in PtCYCA1;2 expression. We inferred that the failure of MI-to-MII transitions might be associated with downregulated expression of PtCYCA1;2, leading to the formation of SDR-type 2n pollen. Our findings provide insights into mechanisms of heat shock-induced 2n pollen formation in a woody plant and verify that sensitivity to environmental stress has evolutionary importance in terms of polyploidization.

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare cancer type, but with a low five-year survival rate. Dysregulation of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) and microRNA hsa-miR-150-5p is involved in the development of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of the hsa-miR-150-5p-PYCR1 axis in nasopharyngeal cancer remains unclear. To identify the mechanism of the hsa-miR-150-5p-PYCR1 axis, the expression of hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1 in nasopharyngeal cancer tissues and cells was first measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The luciferase and RNA pull-down assays were used to confirm the interaction between hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1. The overexpression of hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1 was detected by cell viability, proliferation, western blotting, migration, and invasion in nasopharyngeal cancer cells. The expression levels of hsa-miR-150-5p was reduced in the nasopharyngeal cancer tissues and cells and were negatively correlated with the PYCR1 levels. The upregulation of hsa-miR-150-5p significantly repressed cell growth and promoted apoptosis. However, the upregulation of PYCR1 expression significantly promoted nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis, which could abolish the inhibitory effect of hsa-miR-150-5p. In conclusion, we clarified that hsa-miR-150-5p attenuated nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis by reducing the PYCR1 expression levels. This provides a new perspective of nasopharyngeal cancer involving both hsa-miR-150-5p and PYCR1 for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer.

Let $ R $ be a ring with nonzero identity. The unit graph of $ R $ is a simple graph whose vertex set is $ R $ itself and two distinct vertices are adjacent if and only if their sum is a unit of $ R $. In this paper, we study the radius of unit graphs of rings. We prove that there exists a ring $ R $ such that the radius of unit graph can be any given positive integer. We also prove that the radius of unit graphs of self-injective rings are 1, 2, 3, $ \infty $. We classify all self-injective rings via the radius of its unit graph. The radius of unit graphs of some ring extensions are also considered.

This article describes a wideband low-noise frequency synthesizer implemented in 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ SiGe BiCMOS process for 5G millimeter-wave applications. To extend the frequency range while reducing the phase noise, a fundamental voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) array including four Colpitts VCO cores with switchable bias circuits is adopted in the proposed frequency synthesizer. A ring-oscillator-based injection locked frequency divider is utilized as the wideband divide-by-2 prescaler, and its bandwidth is optimized based on a new injection-locked behavior model. This fabricated frequency synthesizer can be locked in a range from 23 to 36.8 GHz (46.2%) by a 100-MHz step. It achieves a phase noise of −94.7 dBc/Hz at the 1-MHz offset and an output power of −3.5 dBm measured at 36.8 GHz. The chip consumes 360.6 mW from 3.3 and 1.8 V supplies and has an area of $2.7\times3.1$ mm2.

Background The DTaP-IPV/Hib combination vaccine can replace the acellular tetanus vaccine, polio vaccine, and the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. Data on the safety of DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccines are required. We aimed to evaluate the safety of the vaccination program. Methods Using the National Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) surveillance system (CNAEFIS) in Guangzhou, China, a retrospective study was performed from May 11, 2011, to December 31, 2017. There were 376 cases of adverse events after vaccination with the DTaP IPV/Hib vaccine. The primary analysis indicators were the number of vaccines used, the number of AEFI reports received, and the reporting rate (per 100,000). Results From May 1, 2011, to December 31, 2017, 516,000 doses of vaccine were inoculated, and 376 cases of adverse reactions were reported; the reporting rate was 72.8 per 100,000 vaccines. There were eight cases of serious AEFIs (1.5 per 100,000), with four cases of thrombocytopenic purpura (0.8 per 100,000); three cases of cyanosis of the lips, stiffness, and flexion of limbs, and convulsions (0.6 per 100,000); and one case of a high fever (0.2 per 100,000). The highest incidence of AEFIs occurred after the fourth dose (n = 207, 55.0%, 40.1 per 100,000), followed by the first dose (n = 81, 21.5%, 15.7 per 100,000), second dose (n = 48, 12.8%, 9.3 per 100,000) and third dose (n = 40, 10.6%, 7.7 per 100,000). The AEFI incidence was higher after injection of the vaccine into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm (n = 276, 73.4%, 53.5 per 100,000) than after injection of the vaccine into the thigh (n = 100, 26.6%, 19.4 per 100,000). There was a significant difference between AEFIs after injection into the deltoid of the upper arm deltoid and the thigh (x2 = 164.8, P Conclusions Most of the reported AEFIs after DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccination are not serious. There were four cases of TP in this study; vaccination may be a rare cause of thrombocytopenic purpura.

This brief presents a nano-ampere CMOS current reference (CCR) for low power application with a wide temperature range from −40°C to 120°C. The current reference is generated by the division of a temperature-independent voltage and resistance in a simple way. The low temperature-independent voltage is generated based on the threshold voltage difference between two same-type NMOS transistors with different channel lengths working in the subthreshold region, while the temperature-independent resistance is made up by two poly resistors, whose temperature coefficients are opposite. By designing a low voltage to allow for a small resistance, the CCR circuit takes a small chip area while generating nano-ampere current. The proposed CCR circuit was implemented in a standard 0.18- ${\mu }\text{m}$ CMOS process and its active area is 0.054 mm2. Among the measured 10 samples, the average output current is 11.6 nA and the average temperature coefficient is 169 ppm/°C.

This paper presents a 100 MHz to 6 GHz broadband inductor-less single-to-differential balun gm-boosting low-noise amplifier (LNA) for multi-standard radio applications. Two mechanisms of noise cancellation techniques have been innovatively introduced in this work. To achieve the wideband input matching, high gain, and low noise figure simultaneously, a feed-forward thermal noise cancellation technique has been exploited in the design of the inverting amplifier for transconductance enhancement. Moreover, the balanced balun operation transforms the thermal noise of the common-gate transistor into a common-mode signal, and cancels it at the LNA’s differential outputs. The proposed design has been fabricated in a standard 0.18-um RF CMOS technology and occupies a die area of 0.04 mm2. Measurement results have shown that it has achieved a good performance over the whole operation frequency range of interest (100 MHz to 6 GHz) with a gain of 15.5 dB, IIP3 of 1.5 dBm, minimum NF of 3.0 dB and current dissipation of 8 mA at 1.8 V supply voltage.

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a rare cancer type with a low five-year survival rate. Dysregulation of PYCR1 and miR-150-5p has been involved in the development of various cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of the miR-150-5p-PYCR1 axis in NPC remains unclear.The expressions of miR-150-5p and PYCR1 in NPC tissues and cells were measured by RT-qPCR. The luciferase assay and RNA pull-down assay were used to confirm the interaction between miR-150-5p and PYCR1. The function of overexpression of miR-150-5p and PYCR1 were detected by cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion in NPC C666-1 and SUNE-1 cells.The miR-150-5p expression was reduced in NPC tissues and cells and negatively correlated with PYCR1 level. Upregulation of miR-150-5p conspicuously repressed cell growth. However, upregulation of PYCR1 significantly facilitated the development of NPC, which further suppressed NPC tumorigenesis by abolishing the effect of miR-150-5p.We clarified that miR-150-5p attenuated NPC tumorigenesis through reducing PYCR1 expression. This provides a new perspective of NPC involving both miR-150-5p and PYCR1 for the treatment of NPC.

Background: Since 2016, China has approved the use of inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines produced by three manufacturers. The coverage and safety of different EV71 vaccines need to be evalu...

This paper describes a 22-to-36.8 GHz low phase noise Colpitts voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) array using 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The VCO array consists of four Colpitts VCO cores and three millimeter-wave (MMW) selectors. In the VCO core, in order to achieve the best phase noise and power consumption trade-off, an optimization method based on symbolic expressions is presented. In a further research, a switchable bias current technique is proposed to achieve lower phase noise. The MMW selectors are designed to select the desired VCO core and cover the whole frequency band with sufficient output power. The fabricated VCO array features a wide tuning range of 50.3%, low phase noise between −100.7 dBc/Hz and −95.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and high output power of 4.5 dBm, which results in the FOMT between −183.2 dBc/Hz and −177.8 dBc/Hz.

In this paper, a new analytic approach is proposed for injection-locked ring oscillators (ILROs) design at millimeter waves (mm-waves). Using time and transfer constants (TTC) analysis, a two-pole model of the delay stage is applied into the injection-locking behavior model for an N-stage ring oscillator, and analytic expressions of the self-resonance frequency (SOF) and the locking range are derived. These expressions are concise and based solely on device-level circuit parameters, enabling fast and exact ILRO design through DC and AC simulations. In addition, a dual-input injection technique is investigated and a layout optimization technique is presented. Using a 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS process, a two-stage ring oscillator with dual-input injection is implemented for verification. The fabricated divider achieves a wide locking range from 16 to 67 GHz at −10-dBm input power. The divider core consumes a current of 3.9 mA from 3.3 V supply with an area of 45 × 60 μm2. The measured results agree well with theoretical analyses and simulated results.

This paper presents a three-core LC-based digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) in 55 nm CMOS technology for wideband all-digital phased-locked loop (ADPLL) system. Various techniques are employed to ease the trade-off between tuning range, frequency resolution and linearity. Multi cores and multi-stage improved capacitor arrays are implemented to achieve an ultra-wideband tuning range of 91%. Capacitor division technology is employed for high frequency resolution and carefully symmetrical layout arrangement is applied for linear frequency tuning. This DCO oscillates over a 2.7-7.2 GHz frequency range with a fine frequency resolution of 3.2-14.2 kHz. The DCO exhibits a phase noise of -128.7 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset from 4.95 GHz carrier. The total area of the DCO is 1.35×1.08 mm2, with a total current consumption of 25 mA from a 2.5 V supply voltage. The simulation results show that the proposed DCO exhibits comparable good tuning range, resolution and phase noise performances, and is suitable for wideband ADPLL application.

An integrated fast hopping frequency synthesizer for ultra-wideband (UWB) cognitive radio (CR) is presented in this paper. Based on phase-locked loop (PLL) and single-side-band (SSB) mixing architecture, the frequency synthesizer covers 3.1~10.6 GHz band with a step of 528 MHz and a hopping time less than 9.8 ns. Distortion-cancelled I/Q calibration modules and multiplexers with poly-phase filters (PPF) are adopted to calibrate the I/Q imbalance of the SSB mixers and suppress the image spurs. To increase the bandwidth of the PLL and improve its in-band phase noise by reducing the loop division ratio, a quadrupler is introduced to multiply the crystal-oscillator frequency of 66 MHz to the reference frequency of 264 MHz. The proposed frequency synthesizer is designed in Global Foundry 0.13 µm 8HP SiGe BiCMOS process and its die area is 5.65 mm2. The simulation results have shown that the designed fast hopping frequency synthesizer exhibits hopping time < 8 ns, spurs < −40 dBc, phase noise < −103 dBc in band and < −116 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset. Including the output buffers, the total power consume is 525 mW. The proposed fast hopping frequency synthesizer demonstrates a good performance and is suitable to implement in the UWB-based CR system.

Medical imaging is the creation of technique and process for the visual representations of the interior of the body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as the functions of certain organs or tissues (physiology). Medical imaging trying to reveal the internal structures hidden in the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat diseases. Medical imaging also set up a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities. Although imaging of excised organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are generally considered to be part of pathology rather than medical imaging.

It is a common symptom. It usually contains the throbbing pain, the oppressive pain, the stabbing pain, the knife-like pain, the tearing pain, the dragging pain, etc. The pain can be paroxysmal, intermittent or persistent. According to the etiology, it’s categorized as follows.

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize objects in images when no training data is available for the object classes. Under generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) setting, the test objects belong to seen or unseen categories. In many recent studies, zero-shot learning is performed by leveraging generative networks to synthesize visual features for unseen class from class-specific semantic features. The user-defined semantic information is incomplete and lack of discriminability. However, most generative methods use user-defined semantic information directly as constraints of the generative model, which makes the visual features synthesized by the models lack of diversity and separability. In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve the semantic feature by utilizing discriminative visual features. Furthermore, a novel Augmented Semantic Feature Based Generative Network (ASFGN) is built to synthesize the separable visual representations for unseen classes. Since GAN-based generative model may suffer from mode collapse, we propose a novel collapse-alleviate loss to improve the training stability and generalization performance of our generative network. Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets prove that our method outperforms the state-of-art approaches in both ZSL and GZSL settings.

Background: This study analyzes the current status of tracking investigation official letter management for 9036 COVID-19 close contacts in Guangzhou,and explains the necessity of establishing a COVID-19 close contacts tracking investigation sharing system. Method: Based on the information obtained from COVID-19's close contacts' tracking investigation official letters from January 21 to March 31 in Guangzhou, the epidemic situation map and flow chart of receiving and sending official letters were drawn, and the observation rate, sampling rate and Turn positive rate of close contacts were calculated. Results: The tracking investigation official letter involved in 31 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government, autonomous regions) and 172 cities, investigation close contacts with 9036: 309 investigation letters were received from the nonlocal case, investigation close contacts with 2790, involved in 30 provinces and 95 cities, medical observation at a rate of 100%, sampling rate 99.56%, turn positive rate was 3.76%; The city of Guangzhou issued 204 official letters of investigation, with 6,246 close contacts, covering 27 provinces and 114 cities. The medical observation rate was 100%, the sampling rate 99.63%, and turn the positive rate of 2.26%. The reply time of the investigation results is within 1-12 hours, and the other 1-3 days. As of March 31, 440 cases of covid-19 were confirmed in Guangzhou (including 92 imported cases), and the tracking coefficient of close contacts was 14.2 (6246 / 440). Conclusion: Guangzhou close contacts tracking investigation official letter management is tight, the prompt detection of the source of infection to control the epidemic situation is significant. However, due to the multiple sources and complicated process of official letters, it is suggested to establish a COVID-19 close contacts tracking and investigation sharing system.

A low voltage low power receiver supporting 780/868/915/2400 MHz ZigBee bands is presented in this paper. The receiver exploiting low-IF architecture consists of a RF-to-BB (baseband) current reuse front-end, a Gm-C based variable gain complex band-pass filter (CBPF) for image rejection and four stages of limiting amplifiers which saturate IF signal for demodulation. The proposed ZigBee receiver chip is implemented in TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. PCB measurement results show that the receiver has 45.9 dB conversion gain, 8.5 dB NF and −33.5 dBm out-of-band IIP3 at sub-GHz bands. When working in 2.4 GHz band, the gain is 38.4 dB, noise figure (NF) is 16.7 dB and the out-of-band IIP3 is −28.2 dBm. The S11 bandwidth (S11

A wideband 2–3 GHz three-stage low noise amplifier (LNA) featuring current reuse, cascaded L-type input matching network (IMN), and optimized multiple gated transistors method (MGTR) using 0.18- μ m CMOS technology is presented in this paper. The current-reused topology is employed in the first two stages to reduce power consumption. For a wideband input matching, the common gate (CG) topology is adopted. Moreover, the cascaded L-type IMN composed of two single L-type networks cascaded in series is proposed for the first time. To improve the linearity performance, the optimized MGTR taking both transconductance g m and third-order nonlinear coefficient g m ″ into consideration is proposed and applied to the output stage. The proposed LNA presents a maximum power gain of 28.0 dB, an input matching across 1.8–5.8 GHz and a high third-order input intercept point (IIP 3 ) of −9.89 dBm. A noise figure (NF) of 3.1–3.5 dB is obtained in the required band with a power dissipation of 6.49 mA from a 3 V power supply.

A low power 0.1–1 GHz RF receiver front-end composed of noise-cancelling trans-conductor stage and I/Q switch stage was presented in this paper. The RF receiver front-end chip was fabricated in 0.18 µm RF CMOS. Measurement results show the receiver front-end has a conversion gain of 28.1 dB at high gain mode, and the single-sideband (SSB) noise figure is 6.2 dB. In the low gain mode, the conversion gain of the receiver front-end is 15.5 dB and the IP1dB is −12 dBm. In this design, low power consumption and low cost is achieved by current-reuse and inductor-less topology. The receiver front-end consumes only 5.2 mW from a 1.8 V DC supply and the chip size of the core circuit is 0.12 mm2.

In this paper, a newly analytical method is proposed for the design of programmable frequency dividers. The more accurate transfer function of the current mode logic (CML) stage is used to analyze the injection-locking behavior models of the dual-modulus prescaler, and the general analytical expressions of the locking range of the prescaler are derived. Based on the analytical expressions that can be calculated using device-level circuit parameters obtained through DC and AC simulations, the dual-modulus prescaler design can be optimized quickly and accurately, thereby extending the frequency-division range of the programmable frequency divider. The proposed analytical method is verified by the measured results of the 2–22 GHz programmable divider, fabricated in 0.13-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. By using heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) in the dual-modulus prescaler and metal–oxidesemiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) in the pulse and swallow counters, the proposed programmable divider achieves the lowest power consumption of 63.3 mW and the best FOMT compared with previously works.

A 26.5-40 GHz broadband stacked power amplifier (PA) is designed in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS process. By using triple-stacked HBTs, both output power and optimal load impedance increase, which is beneficial for wideband output matching. A low loss wideband two-way Wilkinson power combiner is used for on-chip power dividing and combining. EM simulation results show that from 26.5 to 40 GHz, the output 1- dB compressed power (P ldB ) and saturated output power (P SAT ) are greater than 20.1dBm and 23.4dBm, respectively. The 40% fractional bandwidth PA has a gain over 15.9dB and peak power added efficiency (PAE) is greater than 19.2%. Static current is 58 mA for a supply voltage of 4.8 V. The chip size is 1.3 mm × 1.25 mm including all pads.

This paper presents a 6-18 GHz active 6-bit phase shifter based on a vector-sum technique in $0.13-\mu m$ SiGe BiCMOS technology for X- and Ku-band phased arrays. An input Marchand balun and an L-C resonance-based quadrature all-pass filter are used to generate two orthogonal vectors with high $I/Q$ accuracy and high linearity over a wide frequency band. The $I/Q$ reference signals are then fed into two VGAs, of which the gains are adjusted with an integrated current-mode DAC to achieve the 6-bit phase resolution between $0-360^{o}$. The phase shifter shows 3.12 $dB$ of power gain at 9.25 GHz with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 6.4-12.9 GHz, and the RMS gain variation is $\lt 1.05 dB$ for all 6-bit phase states. The phase shifter achieves an input P1dB of $5-8dBm$ at 6-18 GHz for 0°-phase state. The measured RMS phase error is $\lt 5.6^{o}$ at 5-18 GHz. The total current consumption is 28.2 $mA$ from a 3.3 V supply voltage and the overall chip size is $1.85\times 1.32mm^{2}.$

This paper presents a 2-ps time-to-digital converter (TDC) in 55 nm CMOS technology for all-digital phased-locked loop (ADPLL) system. Innovative inverter delay chain and Vernier delay chain cascade structure is adopted in the TDC to expand the measurement range while ensuring high resolution, so as to meet the wideband application requirements. Time window technology is employed to reduce circuit working frequency to save power by extracting single rising/falling edge of clock signal. Multiplexing technology is exploited to further reduce the power consumption by reusing the rising/falling edge detection delay chain of the first-level TDC, and also the time deviation detection circuit and resolution scaling factor detection circuit of the second-level TDC. The TDC features a differential nonlinearity (DNL) of 0.31 least significant bits (LSB) and an integral nonlinearity (INL) of 0.62 LSB, with a total current consumption of 4 mA from a 1.2 V supply voltage.

This Letter presents a 60 GHz low power low noise amplifier (LNA) with high g m × R out transconductor stages in a 65-nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Different from the cascode and current-reused common source-common source (CS-CS) structure, the new transconductor proposed in this Letter comprises a CS transistor whose DC current is shared by other two transistors. With this configuration, the equivalent transconductance, g m and output resistance, R out of the transconductor are both high while its noise figure is deteriorated slightly comparing with CS structure, making it suitable for low-power LNA circuits. From the measurement results, the LNA gets a gain of 13.4 ± 1.5 dB and 3-dB bandwidth of 16.7 GHz (48-64.7 GHz). The average noise figure of the LNA is 6.1 dB with a power dissipation of 9.6 mW under 1 V power supply.

This paper presents a highly-integrated transceiver with a differential structure for C-band (5–6[Formula: see text]GHz) radar application using a switchless and baluns-embedded configuration. To reduce the noise figure (NF) in receiver (Rx) mode and enhance the output power in transmitter (Tx) mode, the balun at RF port is embedded into the low-noise amplifier (LNA) and the power amplifier (PA), respectively. Besides, the RF switch is removed by designing the matching networks that both LNA and PA can share. The same topology is also adopted at the IF port. To achieve a high image rejection ratio (IRR), a Hartley architecture using polyphase filters (PPFs) is adopted. The proposed transceiver has been implemented in 1P6M 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS process. The receiver achieves 6.9-dB NF, [Formula: see text]7.5-dBm IIP3 and 26.3-dB gain with three-step digital gain controllability. Also the measured IRR is better than 41[Formula: see text]dBc. The transmitter achieves 9.6-dBm output power and 19.2-dB gain. The chip consumes 106[Formula: see text]mA in the Rx mode and 141[Formula: see text]mA in the Tx mode from the 3.3-V power supply.

This paper presents a low-voltage ZigBee transceiver covering a unique frequency band of 780/868/915/2400 MHz in 180 nm CMOS technology. The design consists of a receiver with a wideband variable-gain front end and a complex band-pass filter (CBPF) based on poles construction, a transmitter employing the two-point direct-modulation structure, a Ʃ-&Delta, fractional-N frequency synthesizer with two VCOs and some auxiliary circuits. The measured results show that under 1 V supply voltage, the receiver reaches &ndash, 93.8 dBm and &ndash, 102 dBm sensitivity for 2.4 GHz and sub-GHz band, respectively, and dissipates only 1.42 mW power. The frequency synthesizer achieves &ndash, 106.8 dBc/Hz and &ndash, 116.7 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 MHz frequency offset along with 4.2 mW and 3.5 mW power consumption for 2.4 GHz and sub-GHz band, respectively. The transmitter features 2.67 dBm and 12.65 dBm maximum output power at the expense of 21.2 mW and 69.5 mW power for 2.4 GHz and sub-GHz band, respectively.

Oxidative stress is an important cause of skin injury induced by UVB radiation. Moringa oleifera also known as horseradish tree or drumstick tree, have multiple nutraceutical or pharmacological functions. However, whether Moringa oleifera protects skin against oxidative stress injury remains unknown. To investigate the effects of the ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera stem (MSE) on skin oxidative stress injury and its molecular mechanism, we first determined the effect of MSE on epidermal oxidative stress injury induced by H 2 O 2 in keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and by UVB-radiation in mice. Then we investigated the effect of MSE on the enhancement of antioxidant system and activation of PPARα in vitro and in vivo . Furthermore, the flavonoids compositions in MSE were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then molecular docking study was used to assess the major component in MSE to activate PPARα. Our results indicate that MSE (100–400 μg/mL) protected the epidemic cell against oxidative stress injury in vitro and topical treatment with MSE cream (6%) inhibit UVB-induced oxidative stress injury in the epidermis of the mouse skin. PPARα activation is involved in the protective effect of MSE. HPLC assay and molecular docking study indicated that rutin might be the main component in MSE to activate PPARα. These results confirm that MSE exerts the protective effect on oxidative stress induced skin keratinocytes injury. Moreover, the protective effect of MSE is mediated by enhancement of antioxidant defense systems and activation of PPARα in skin keratinocytes.

A 0.2–2.5 GHz active resistive negative feedback low noise amplifier (LNA), based on current-reuse transconductance boosting technique is designed in 0.18-µm CMOS technology. The LNA has the characteristics of high gain, low noise and reasonable power consumption. Meanwhile, the input resistance feedback technology is adopted to greatly increase the matching bandwidth of the input. Post-layout simulated results get a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.2–2.5 GHz and 19.2 dB power gain. Its input/output matching is less than −10 dB in the 0.1–4.5 GHz frequency range, and the input third-order intercept point (IIP3) is greater than −9 dBm. The LNA noise figure (NF) is 2.5–3.16 dB in the 0.2–2.5 GHz. The circuit consumes 24 mW DC power from a 3 V supply and the layout size is 980 µm × 530 µm.

A fully-integrated differential transceiver for C-band, based on polyphase filters (PPFs) to achieve a high image rejection ratio (IRR), is proposed in the paper. The transceiver meets the requirements for the 5GHz band radar application, which is implemented in 1P6M 0.18μm CMOS technology. The receiver achieves 7.2dB NF, 29.3dB gain and 50.7dB IRR with 3-level digital gain controllability, while draws 93.1mA from 3.3V power supply. The transmitter achieves 16.4dBm output peak power, 29.5dB gain and 65.6dB IRR, which dissipates 138.4mA from 3.3V power supply. The die area is 2.7mm×2.9mm.

A 28-GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a wide tuning range and a low phase noise is presented in this paper. A PMOS-only cross-coupled pair with a lower flicker noise is exploited to provide the negative resistance. The mechanisms for enhancing the Q-factor of the LC tank at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies are analyzed and applied to optimize the proposed VCO design to obtain a low phase noise. To guarantee accurate oscillating frequencies, distributed interconnections are carefully modeled by EM simulations. Fabricated in a standard 90-nm CMOS process, the proposed VCO achieves a wide tuning range of 20.1 %, from 25 to 30.66 GHz and a low phase noise of −105.47 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset. The current of the core circuit is 10.5 mA under a single 1.2-V supply. The core area of the chip is 0.38 mm × 0.24 mm.

Human adenovirus type 12 (HAdV-12) displays a relatively low virulence and slow replication in cultured human cells, which is manifested by premature death of HAdV-12-infected cells. Whereas HAdV-2 induction of IFN-β expression was transient, HAdV-12-infected cells maintained high levels of IFN-β expression, protein kinase R (PKR) activation and eIF-2α phosphorylation throughout the infectious cycle. The importance of the IFN-inducible PKR kinase in restriction of HAdV-12 was supported by the enhanced growth of the virus following PKR knockdown in HeLa cells. Ectopic expression of HAdV-2 VA RNAI increased HAdV-12 hexon protein expression, suggesting that insufficient VA RNA expression contributes to the restricted growth of HAdV-12. Although some adenovirus species are known to persist in human lymphoid tissues, HAdV12 has so far not been found. Thus, it is possible that the inability of HAdV12 to evade the INF response may have implications for the virus to establish long-lasting or persistent infections.