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Bats are reservoirs for multiple coronaviruses (CoVs). However, the phylogenetic diversity and transmission of global bat-borne CoVs remain poorly understood. Here, we performed a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis based on 3,594 bat CoV RdRp gene sequences to study the phylogenetic diversity and transmission of bat-borne CoVs and the underlying driving factors. We found that host-switching events occurred more frequently for α-CoVs than for β-CoVs, and the latter was highly constrained by bat phylogeny. Bat species in the families Molossidae, Rhinolophidae, Miniopteridae, and Vespertilionidae had larger contributions to the cross-species transmission of bat CoVs. Regions of eastern and southern Africa, southern South America, Western Europe, and Southeast Asia were more frequently involved in cross-region transmission events of bat CoVs than other regions. Phylogenetic and geographic distances were the most important factors limiting CoV transmission. Bat taxa and global geographic hotspots associated with bat CoV phylogenetic diversity were identified, and bat species richness, mean annual temperature, global agricultural cropland, and human population density were strongly correlated with the phylogenetic diversity of bat CoVs. These findings provide insight into bat CoV evolution and ecological transmission among bat taxa. The identified hotspots of bat CoV evolution and transmission will guide early warnings of bat-borne CoV zoonotic diseases.

Small-molecule biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), participate in various pathological and physiological processes. It is still a challenge to simultaneously distinguish Cys and Hcy because of their similar structures and reactivities, as well as the interference from the high intramolecular concentration of GSH. Herein, a novel fluorescent probe

This paper is a study on the elongational deformation induced by pins in pin-barrel cold-feed extruders. The mathematical model is established by using simple flow field, plate model, and Newton constitutive relation. It is proved that there is elongational deformation when the fluid bypasses the pin, and the elongational deformation is quantitatively calculated. The finite element method is used to simulate the flow field of the screw mixing section of the pin-barrel cold-feed extruder with different specifications. The velocity vector nephogram in the simulation results is analyzed by numerical analysis of elongational deformation and compared with the theoretical elongational deformation value. The results show that the simulated and theoretical values of elongational deformation are approximately consistent. The numerical analysis of the key factors affecting the elongational deformation shows that the elongational deformation will gradually increase with the increase of screw diameter. For the screw of the same specification, the increasing helical angle will reduce the elongational deformation, and the increasing rotational speed will linearly increase the elongational deformation in unit time. This study can be used to roughly estimate the elongational deformation induced by pins and establish the mixing theoretical model of the pin-barrel cold-feed extruder.

This paper, taking system-functional linguistics as the theoretical guidance, aims to analyze the grammatical and semantic function of the preposition “with” and its relevant structures in Chinese-English translation based on a small corpus established from the authentic materials of the official version of the China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters in the past ten years. The conclusion is that the grammatical and semantic functions of “with” structure in translation examination are: to simplify sentence patterns, to supplement the previous and subsequent information, to reestablish the characteristics of the English language.

A new piezophotonic chalcogenide ML host family MGa2S4 (M = Ca, Sr) has been developed, which shows high efficiency mechanical-to-light conversion activated by lanthanide ions originating from structural distortion.

Purpose Septate uterus is the most common congenital uterine malformation. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to compare the clinical outcomes and second-look hysteroscopy of patients with complete and incomplete septate uterus after septoplasty. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with septate uterus who underwent hysteroscopic septoplasty and a second-look hysteroscopy at West China Second University Hospital between September 2013 to September 2021. Information on pregnancy outcomes was subsequently collected through telephone interviews. Independent samples t-test/Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson’s chi-square test/ Fisher’s exact test were used to explore the differences between the complete group and the incomplete group. Results A total of 64 patients were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) rates (16.7% and 32.1%), pregnancy rates (44.1% and 42.9%), term delivery rates (35.3% and 32.1%), premature delivery rates (2.9% and 0), placenta previa rates (2.9% and 3.6%), placenta implantation/adhesion rates (5.9% and 3.6%), and premature rupture of membranes rates (2.9% and 0) between the complete group and the incomplete group after hysteroscopic septoplasty (P＞0.05). Endometrial polyps in septate uterus were not rare, with an incidence of 33.3% in complete group and 25% in incomplete group (P＞0.05). Conclusion The pregnancy outcomes of complete septate uterus and incomplete septate uterus after hysteroscopic septoplasty were similar, and there was no statistical difference in IUAs after the surgery.

The Baihetan superhigh arch dam is the largest hydropower station under construction in the world. Columnar jointed basalt (CJB) is widely distributed and densely jointed at the foundation of the Baihetan superhigh arch dam and poses a potential risk to its overall stability. A method of overburden consolidation grouting of the rock mass is proposed that solves the problem of unloading relaxation of CJB due to excavation of the exposed rock mass. The results show the following. 1) The method of nonoverburden grouting cannot achieve the quality inspection standard requirement that at least 90% of the wave velocities be greater than or equal to 4200 m/s, and the overall wave velocity of the rock mass before excavation is greater than that after grouting. 2) After overburden consolidation grouting of the rock mass, which includes controlling grouting pressure and concentration and performing perforation and sequence grouting, the water permeability of the inspection holes is less than 3 Lu, more than 90% of the wave velocities in the rock mass are greater than 4200 m/s, and the integrity of the rock mass is greatly improved. 3) The problems of conventional consolidation grouting technology are solved to protect the thin layer of breccia lava at the foundation of the Baihetan dam. In addition, the problem of unloading relaxation of CJB due to exposure to consolidation grouting is solved in the Baihetan superhigh arch dam project. This application has reference significance for the design and application of consolidation grouting in similar projects.

To realize the direct and full use of the widely distributed solar energy, developing novel materials with superb photothermal conversion capability is essential. Although heteropoly blue has intrinsic outstanding solar absorption and photothermal conversion properties, its spectral absorption in the infrared region is weak. Here, composites of heteropoly blue and carbon nanotubes (HPB/CNTs) are synthesized depending on electrostatic interactions by facile microwave sonication and freeze-drying. The doped CNTs can dramatically improve the spectral absorption performance of HPB ontology in the infrared region. As a result, the light absorption of the optimized HPB/CNTs (20 %) reaches more than 95 % in the range of 200-2400 nm, showing promising prospects as high-performance photothermal conversion material in the applications of solar desalination and wastewater treatment.

The boundary has a serious influence on the mechanical properties of the rock, so 27 sets of triaxial simulation tests were established to study the influence of the boundary on the mechanical properties of the rock. Based on Particle-Flow-Code, generating granite by using the grain-based model, at the same time, triaxial tests under the boundaries of rigid, flexible and shell element were established respectively by using the FDM-DEM coupling technology. The results show that the boundary will affect the peak strength, failure shape and stress concentration of the sample. Rigid boundary can easily lead to stress concentration in rock samples. The flexible boundary will cause the actual confining pressure of the rock sample to be larger than the target confining pressure during the triaxial loading process, and significantly increase the residual strength of the sample. While the sample under shell boundary has smallest probability of stress concentration and stable confining pressure. Therefore, the shell boundary should be used in the triaxial test of discrete element simulation.

BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a progressive disease, and early detection and early treatment are particularly important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the timing of laparoscopy on the spontaneous pregnancy rate of primary infertile patients complicated with pelvic effusion within 6 months after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 330 primary infertile patients with pelvic effusion and bilateral patent fallopian tubes. They were divided into 3 groups based on retrospective analysis of clinical data. Study Group 1 underwent laparoscopy 1 month after hysterosalpingography (HSG), Study Group 2 received laparoscopy after trying to conceive for 3 months, and the Control Group did not undergo laparoscopy. According to the specific conditions during laparoscopy, repair and plastic surgery of fallopian tube, electrocautery of endometriosis and uterine suspension were performed. The main observation indicators were proportions of retrograde menstruation, peritoneal endometriosis, and tubal adhesions in laparoscopy groups, and spontaneous pregnancy rates within 6 months. RESULTS The proportions of retrograde menstruation were 92.2% and 93.1% in Study Group 1 and Study Group 2, respectively, with no statistical significance. The proportions of peritoneal endometriosis were 51.0% and 64.7%, with a statistically significant difference. The proportions of tubal adhesions were 31.4% and 36.2%, with no statistical significance. The pregnancy rates within 6 months were 73.9%, 52.6%, and 13.1%, with a statistically significant difference for pairwise comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The pregnancy rate of primary infertile patients with patent fallopian tubes complicated with pelvic effusion can be significantly improved through early laparoscopic surgery (exploration and treatment).

Plasticity of neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is critical for establishment of drug dependence. However, the remodeling of the circuits mediating the transition between positive and negative effect remains unclear. Here, we used neuronal activity-dependent labeling technique to characterize and temporarily control the VTA neuronal ensembles recruited by the initial morphine exposure (morphine-positive ensembles, Mor-Ens). Mor-Ens preferentially projected to NAc, and induced dopamine-dependent positive reinforcement. Electrophysiology and rabies viral tracing revealed the preferential connections between the VTA-projective corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of central amygdala (CRHCeA→VTA) and Mor-Ens, which was enhanced after escalating morphine exposure and mediated the negative effect during opiate withdrawal. Pharmacologic intervention or CRISPR-mediated repression of CRHR1 in Mor-Ens weakened the inhibitory CRHCeA→VTA inputs, and alleviated the negative effect during opiate withdrawal. These data suggest that neurons encoding opioid reward experience are inhibited by enhanced CRHCeA→VTA inputs induced by chronic morphine exposure, leading to negative effect during opiate withdrawal, and provide new insight into the pathological changes in VTA plasticity after drug abuse and mechanism of opiate dependence.

The two underground powerhouses on the left and right banks of Baihetan Hydropower Station (BHT-HS) are symmetrically arranged inside basaltic rocks in the alpine gorge reach of the lower Jinsha River. Each of them is equipped with 8 sets of 1,000 MW hydraulic turbine generators, with the largest unit capacity, total installed capacity, span of main powerhouse (i.e. 34 m), diameter of dome-shaped tail-regulating chamber (max diameter of 48 m) and scale of underground caverns around the world. Due to complex layout, interaction between caverns and high hollowing rate, the construction process of the underground cavern group is faced many challenges. For example, the cavern excavation is located in the high ground stress area dominated by horizontal tectonic stress; the underlying basalt fractures are well developed, and the rock is hard and brittle, with low crack initiation strength; columnar jointed basalts develop locally; a number of large and weak gently-sloped shear zones develop diagonally cutting the main powerhouse. Following the construction ideology of “understanding, utilization, protection, monitoring, and feedback analysis on the surrounding rock masses during the construction period”, and with the engineering construction procedure of “the excavation, analysis, prediction and inspection of each rock layer”, this paper proposes a set of innovation construction technologies including “advanced pre-control, thin vertical layer, small planar partition, short excavation progress, fine blasting, strong and quick support, short interval monitoring, quick feedback, precise dynamic optimization” to control the internal cracking of the hard and brittle basaltic rocks, discontinuous deformation of staggered zones and spatio-temporal deformation of underground caverns in high geostress. It has promoted the safe and orderly construction of BHT-HS, the technical progress of the construction of hydropower station projects in China, and may also be applicable to the design and construction of similar projects worldwide.

Mitochondria are important subcellular organelles involved in many cellular activities. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the concentration of various substances in mitochondria. In this work, we constructed a dual-response mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe HBTN for the detection of viscosity and HOCl

PurposeAging is a process associated with degeneration and dysfunction of peripheral vestibular system or apparatus. This study aimed to investigate the influence of aging on ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) response rates and recording parameters using the B81 bone vibrator and compare them with air conduction stimuli (ACS) oVEMP response characteristics.MethodsIn 60 healthy participants aged 10–71 years (mean age 39.9; 29 male participants), the oVEMP response was elicited using a B81 bone vibrator and an ER-3A insert earphone. The effects of age and stimulus on oVEMP response rates and recording parameters were evaluated.ResultsResponse rates and amplitudes declined with aging using either ACS or bone-conducted vibration (BCV) stimulation, particularly in individuals over 60 years of age, whereas thresholds increased and N1 latencies were prolonged. BCV showed fewer risks of absent oVEMP response than ACS (p = 0.002). BCV acquired higher amplitudes (p < 0.001), lower thresholds, and shorter N1 and P1 latencies (all p < 0.001) than ACS.ConclusionsThe absence of an oVEMP response may be attributed to aging rather than a concurrent vestibular disorder. B81-BCV likely produces higher mechanical drives to the vestibular hair cells at safer and non-traumatic levels compared with ACS and therefore may be more likely to evoke a response in the elderly cohort, whose vestibular function and mechanical sensitivity have declined. Thus, B81-BCV stimulation is more effective and safer to elicit oVEMPs, and it should be recommended when ACS fails in the clinic, particularly in the elderly population.

Materials exhibiting mechanoluminescence (ML) are a class of smart materials capable of mechanical-to-light energy conversion. Thus, ML materials have been widely used in various electronic applications such as smart sensors, security systems, human-machine interfaces, and energy harvesting systems. Herein, we report a centrosymmetric ML semiconductor host material family MGa

In recent years, China has achieved notable results with its poverty alleviation program, the focus of which is shifting toward the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization. The role played by sustainable human resources in agriculture is becoming increasingly prominent. In this context, China’s sustainable talent in agriculture is used as the research object, and a neural network analysis method is applied to construct a prediction model of sustainable agricultural talent to forecast its supply and demand. The prediction aims to provide a scientific basis for the strategic planning of talent development for rural revitalization. Based on the forecast results by region and province, we analyzed the level of coordinated development of talent supply and demand to provide a reference for the coordinated development of supply and demand of sustainable talent in agriculture in China. The results showed that a large sustainable agricultural talent demand gap exists in China. The overall talent supply and demand coupling coordination level is low; we found significant differences among different regions and provinces, characterized by decreasing order of the northeast, central, west, and east. According to the socio-economic development level, agricultural economic foundation, and other factors, we divided the provinces into six types for analysis. To promote the coordinated development of sustainable human agricultural resources, talent policy support at the national level is required to reduce the loss of human resources to other countries; at the regional level, the talent environment for rural revitalization should be optimized to increase the attraction of talent. At the provincial level, agricultural and forestry education resources should be created to increase the supply of sustainable agricultural talent.

Scintillators, which can emit visible photons under γ- or X-ray excitation, are widely used in radiation detection. Traditional inorganic scintillators usually have some drawbacks, such as hygroscopicity or a high synthesis temperature, and most of them are poisonous. Hence, we report the synthesis of metal iodate scintillators (Eu(IO3)3 and Tb(IO3)3) by a facile hydrothermal reaction that exhibit good radioluminescence (RL) intensity. To further increase the RL intensities, we prepared Eu(IO3)3:xSm and Tb(IO3)3:xGd with stronger RL intensities and higher sensitivities than BaF2 and PbWO4 powders when x = 3%. Furthermore, we obtained scintillating films consisting of Eu(IO3)3:3%Sm and Tb(IO3)3:3%Gd for X-ray imaging. Our Eu(IO3)3:3%Sm and Tb(IO3)3:3%Gd films revealed excellent luminescence under high-energy X-ray excitation and spatial resolutions down to 9 lp mm−1 and 8 lp mm−1, respectively. Thus, these films can be regarded as candidate materials for X-ray imaging.

Mixing plant litters of multiple species can alter litter decomposition, a key driver of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Changes in microbial decomposer communities is proposed as one of the mechanisms explaining this litter-mixture effect, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In a microcosm litterbag experiment, we found that, at the early stage of decomposition, litter mixing promoted tomato root litter decomposition, thus generating a synergistic nonadditive litter-mixture effect. The transplanting decomposer community experiment showed that changes in microbial decomposer communities contributed to the nonadditive litter-mixture effect on tomato root litter decomposition. Moreover, litter mixing altered the abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities on tomato root litter. Litter mixing also stimulated several putative keystone operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the microbial correlation network, such as Fusarium sp. fOTU761 and Microbacterium sp. bOTU6632. Then, we isolated and cultured representative isolates of these two taxa, named Fusarium sp. F13 and Microbacterium sp. B26. Subsequent

Background Previous studies reported that the timing and frequency of intercourse were associated with the menstrual cycle and immune response, with fewer research on the correlation between sexual response cycle and ovulation rate or pregnancy outcomes. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study of 150 patients undergoing ultrasonic ovulation monitoring, with guidance on sexual behavior, psychological counseling, alkalizate on of the vaginal environment conducted for the experimental group(n = 75). Outcomes: The overall score of FSFI questionnaire, the score of sexual satisfaction degree, the incidence of orgasm in coitus, the pre-pregnancy cycle of ovulation monitoring, periodic ovulation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, live birth rate and abortion rate of the two groups were analyzed. Results After intervention, the incidence of FSD in the experimental group was decreased, with an improvement in sexual satisfaction degree and a higher incidence of orgasm. The periodic ovulation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in the experimental group were significantly higher, with shorter average pre-pregnancy cycle of ovulation monitoring. Furthermore, there were no differences in biochemical pregnancy rate and abortion rate. Conclusion Taken together, guidance on sexual behavior not only enhance the relationship between couples and alleviate sexual dysfunction, but also have crucial reproductive significance.

Background Lung cancers arising in never smokers have been suggested to be substantially different from lung cancers in smokers at an epidemiological, genetic and molecular level. Focusing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we characterized lung cancer patients in China looking for demographic and clinical differences between the smoking and never-smoking subgroups. Methods In total, 891 patients with NSCLC, including 841 with adenocarcinoma and 50 with squamous cell carcinoma, were recruited in this study. Association of smoking status with demographic and clinical features of NSCLC was determined, and risk factors for lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were evaluated using Multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In patients with adenocarcinoma, never smokers showed a younger age at diagnosis (54.2 ± 12.7vs. 59.3 ± 9.4, padjustedpadjustedpadjustedp = 0.004) but not for TNM stage (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.09–14.43, p = 0.896) in adenocarcinoma. Conclusion This study demonstrates that lung adenocarcinoma in never smokers significantly differ from those in smokers regarding both age at diagnosis and risk of lymph node metastasis, supporting the notion that they are distinct entries with different etiology and pathogenesis.

Hypochlorous acid is an important active substance involved in a variety of physiological processes in living organisms, while abnormal concentrations of HOCl are strongly associated with a variety of diseases such as cancer, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. As a result, it's crucial to establish a reliable method for tracking HOCl in vivo in order to investigate its physiological consequences. In this work, we developed a fluorescent probe DFSN with both AIE and ESIPT for imaging HOCl in vivo. DFSN not only has a basic structure and is easy to synthesize, but also has superior performance. The probe responds to HOCl in less than 10 s and has good selectivity and sensitivity to HOCl (DL = 6.3 nM), with a 110-fold increase in fluorescence intensity following response. In addition, DFSN can realize the rapid detection of hypochlorous acid with naked eyes. Moreover, DFSN can be used for the detection of exogenous and endogenous HOCl in RAW264.7 cells, and additionally enables the tracking of HOCl in cancer cells (Hela cells and HepG2 cells). More notably, it has been utilized to image hypochlorous acid in zebrafish with great success. The probe DFSN will be useful in determining the physiological significance of HOCl.

Children and youth with disabilities are at a high risk of developing mental health and behavioral disorders due to functional limitations in important cognitive, social, emotional, and communication domains. The purpose of this study is to describe the status of current research on technology-based solutions to address mental health and behavioral challenges among individuals with special needs. Several trends were noted. First, there has been an increasing acceptance of telemental health provision. Second, contemporary research has gone far beyond voice calling, texting, emailing, video chatting, or videoconferencing. The authors highlight advanced technologies such as web-based interactive modules, computer games, virtual reality, wearable devices, and artificial intelligence. Third, technology-based solutions have been developed targeting a wide range of mental health and behavioral issues, ranging from anxiety, stress, depression, loneliness, aggression, eating disorder, to PTSD. One population of special needs, autism spectrum disorder, has received an exceptional amount of attention.

The Baihetan super-high arch dam is constructed under complicated geological conditions, including large-scale columnar jointed basalt (CJB) with closely spaced joints and multiple interlayer and intralayer shear belts at the lower part of dam base, which may increase a risk of seepage in adjacent dam foundations. Therefore, curtain grouting is used to reduce the permeability of dam foundations. Lugeon and grouting field tests and geological exploration were carried out to investigate curtain grouting characteristics of the dam foundation. The findings were as follows: (1) the permeability coefficient of the first type of CJB and breccia lava without unloading is 2 × 10−5 ~ 5 × 10−5 cm/s; that of the second type of CJB without unloading is 2.5 × 10−5 ~ 5 × 10−5 cm/s; and that of the unloaded third type of massive basalt is 1 × 10−5 ~ 3 × 10−5 cm/s. (2) The rock core shows that the slurry caused repeated splitting of the rock mass and widened the cracks of the rock mass, which resulted in plastic deformation of the rock mass. The P ~ Q curve of the five-point Lugeon test shows that the curve shape is turbulent and that the maximum Lugeon value appears at the highest pressure. (3) The phenomenon of low-permeability conditions with a large grout take can be frequently observed. The proportion of the hole stages with a water permeability less than 1 LU and grout take greater than 50 kg/m ranges from 12.5 to 37.5%. The proportion of holes with permeability greater than 10 Lu and grout take greater than 50 kg/m is 0 to 12.5%. The findings from this case study can provide a reference for engineering construction.

microRNAs (miRNAs), a kind of small noncoding RNAs, are considered able to regulate expression of genes and mediate RNA silencing. miR-129-5p was shown to be a cancer-related miRNA. However, the influence of miR-129-5p in rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) development remains to be determined. Based on the TCGA data, downregulation of miR-129-5p in READ samples was observed. Manual restoration of the miR-129-5p in SW1463 and SW480 cell lines significantly inhibited invasion, migration, and proliferation of READ cell lines, while the apoptosis ability was enhanced. Meanwhile, we found E2F7 acted as a potential target of miR-129-5p and was upregulated in READ samples. E2F7 upregulation reversed the repression of miR-129-5p on READ development. Finally, in vivo experiments showed that inhibition of tumor growth in nude mice was achieved through upregulating miR-129-5p. Overall, our findings suggest increasing of miR-129-5p leads to the suppression of READ progression through regulating the expression of E2F7, which may provide novel insights into the treatment of READ.

Located in the northeastern Hunan Province of South China, the Taolin Pb-Zn deposit is one of many metallic deposits structurally controlled by extensional faults in the central segment of the Jiangnan Orogen. The deposit occurs in a tectonic breccia zone between the Mufushan pluton and the Neoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group. Field and microscopic observations reveal that the hydrothermal ore-forming processes at Taolin can be divided into five stages, from early to late: (1) coarse-grained quartz, (2) quartz + fluorite + chlorite + claybank sphalerite (Sp1) + galena + chalcopyrite, (3) quartz + barite + pale-yellow sphalerite (Sp2) + galena + chalcopyrite, (4) quartz ± chalcopyrite, and (5) fine-grained quartz, in which the stages 2 and 3 are regarded as the main Pb-Zn-forming events. LA-ICP-MS analyses show that Sp1 has higher contents of Fe, Mn, Co, In, and Sn, but lower contents of Ge and Sb, relative to the Sp2. Trace element concentrations of the sphalerite suggest a medium-low temperature hydrothermal event dominated in the Taolin deposit and that the ore fluids gradually decreased in the estimated average temperature and became relatively oxidized from stages 2 to 3. The δ18O values of ore fluids calculated from in situ analysis on the stages 2 and 3 quartz suggest the ore fluids are from a mixture of magmatic and meteoric waters. The δ34S values of sulfides/sulfates from stages 2 and 3 mineralization indicate a dominating magmatic affinity for sulfur. Further, lead isotope compositions for the stages 2 and 3 sulfides are similar to those of the Mufushan pluton, indicating that the ore metals may have been derived from the latter. We thus propose that the Taolin deposit precipitated from a medium-low temperature magmatic-hydrothermal system most likely related to the Mufushan pluton.

Alteration of the levels of copper is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Herein, we develop a dual-mode copper vehicle, M985. The biotin-tailed M985 can exert tumor-directed copper supplementation and undergo self-immolative cleavage in living cancerous cells, resulting in the liberation of F542 along with the generation of excess reactive oxygen species. Thus, fluorescence and 19F NMR detection is realized to specifically discriminate cancer cells. F542 acts as a fluorescence reporter and a potent cytotoxic agent, facilitating the visualization of molecular release and distribution, as well as confirming the ER autophagy-induced apoptosis. Therefore, we present a promising dual-mode theranostic M985 for the efficient detection and therapy of cancer.

Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is known to be a complex combination of tumor cells, non-tumor cells and a large intestinal flora. The increasing role of intestinal flora in CAC may represent a new approach to improving CAC treatment. Berberine can reduce colorectal adenoma recurrence and inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis.Berberine has demonstrated efficacy for the control and suppression of CAC. Given the low oral absorption into the blood and large intestinal excretion of berberine, intestinal flora may be one of the important targets of berberine inhibiting the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of berberine on intestinal flora in CAC mice and its ability to remodel intestinal flora to improve short-chain fatty acid metabolism.The CAC model in mice was induced by Azoxymethane/Dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS). Berberine was administered daily at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, and aspirin was used as the positive control. The effect of berberine on colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis was assessed by general imaging, tumor counting, and Ki67 staining. Intestinal flora changes were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Targeted short-chain fatty acid detection was performed by GC-MS/MS, and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in feces were quantified with an ELISA kit. The signaling pathway of TLR4/NF-κB P65/IL-6/p-STAT3 was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The expression levels of intestinal barrier functional biomarkers Occludin and ZO-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Fecal flora transplantation (FMT) was used to evaluate the effect of intestinal flora in inhibiting inflammatory cancer transformation by berberine.Berberine reduced the number and load of tumors in CAC mice. Berberine remodeled the composition of pathogenic and beneficial bacteria in mice with colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis. Berberine treatment resulted in increases in fecal butyric acid, acetic acid and propionic acid levels, but did not alter isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid and caproic acid. In addition, berberine reduced LPS content in feces in mice with colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis. Occludin and ZO-1 were upregulated, and the TLR4/p-NF-κB p65/IL-6/p-STAT3 inflammatory-cancer transformation pathway was inhibited with berberine. The FMT results further verified that the berberine-treated intestinal flora was sufficient to alleviate the occurrence of colonic tumors associated with colitis in mice.Our study showed that berberine alleviated the colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis from three equilibrium levels: (1) Pathogenic and beneficial bacteria; (2) Short-chain fatty acids and LPS produced by intestinal flora; and (3) Inflammatory cancer transformation signaling and intestinal barrier function. This study provided a new approach and experimental basis for the application of berberine in the treatment of CAC in clinical practice.

Persimmon fruits accumulate a large amount of proanthocyanidins (PAs), which makes an astringent sensation. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the polymers of flavan-3-ols stored in plant vacuoles under laccase activation. A laccase gene

Blockchain-based federated learning (BCFL) has recently gained tremendous attention because of its advantages such as decentralization and privacy protection of raw data. However, there has been few research focusing on the allocation of resources for clients in BCFL. In the BCFL framework where the FL clients and the blockchain miners are the same devices, clients broadcast the trained model updates to the blockchain network and then perform mining to generate new blocks. Since each client has a limited amount of computing resources, the problem of allocating computing resources into training and mining needs to be carefully addressed. In this paper, we design an incentive mechanism to assign each client appropriate rewards for training and mining, and then the client will determine the amount of computing power to allocate for each subtask based on these rewards using the two-stage Stackelberg game. After analyzing the utilities of the model owner (MO) (i.e., the BCFL task publisher) and clients, we transform the game model into two optimization problems, which are sequentially solved to derive the optimal strategies for both the MO and clients. Further, considering the fact that local training related information of each client may not be known by others, we extend the game model with analytical solutions to the incomplete information scenario. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the validity of our proposed schemes.

Nano copper oxide (CuO NP) was added to eight soils to study the effect of aging time of copper on the concentration of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extracted copper (DTPA-Cu), with bulk copper oxide (CuO BP) and copper nitrate [Cu(NO

Quickly and accurately identifying water leakage is one of the important components of the health monitoring of subway tunnels. A mobile vision measurement system consisting of several high-resolution, industrial, charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras is placed on trains to implement structural health monitoring in tunnels. Through the image processing technology proposed in this paper, water leakage areas in subway tunnels can be found and repaired in real time. A lightweight automatic segmentation approach to water leakage using hybrid-supervised-deep-learning technology is proposed. This approach consists of the weakly supervised learning Water Leakage-CAM and fully supervised learning WRDeepLabV3+. The Water Leakage-CAM is used for the automatic labeling of data. The WRDeepLabV3+ is used for the accurate identification of water leakage areas in subway tunnels. Compared with other end-to-end semantic segmentation networks, the hybrid-supervised learning approach can more completely segment the water leakage region when dealing with water leakage in complex environments. The hybrid-supervised-deep-learning approach proposed in this paper achieves the highest MIoU of 82.8% on the experimental dataset, which is 6.4% higher than the second. The efficiency is also 25% higher than the second and significantly outperforms other end-to-end deep learning approaches.