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As of today, "carbon emission exceeds the standard" has seriously affected people's life, and it has become the responsibility and obligation of every citizen to monitor and reduce the carbon emission beam. At present, China is the world's largest construction market, and most of the new buildings are still high-energy buildings, and the proportion of building energy consumption is increasing. Nowadays, China's economy and society are developing in the direction of low-carbon economy and green environment protection. Therefore, this paper develops an "integrated system of predictive control based on smart building", which first classifies the people in the building by statistical methods, and then constructs the demand curves of different people for each control parameter in the building through the people behavior model. Based on the demand curve, the optimal control scheme for energy saving in the building is made on the premise of meeting the demand of most people for environmental comfort, and then the optimized control parameters are applied to the actual regulation through a series of sensors and control elements to realize fully automatic control of the building facilities.

Waterlogging has occurred more frequently in recent years due to climate change, so it is a huge threat to crop yield and quality. Sweet cherry, a fruit tree with a high economic value, is sensitive to waterlogging stress. One of the most effective methods for enhancing the waterlogging tolerance of sweet cherries is to select waterlogging-tolerant rootstocks. However, the waterlogging tolerance of different cherry rootstocks, and the underlying mechanism remains uncharacterized. Thus, we first evaluated the waterlogging resistance of five sweet cherry rootstocks planted in China. The data showed that ‘Gisela 12’ and ‘Colt’ were the most waterlogging-sensitive and -tolerant among the five tested varieties, respectively. Oxygenation effectively alleviated the adverse impacts of waterlogging stress on cherry rootstocks. Moreover, we found that the waterlogging group had lower relative water content, Fv/Fm value, net photosynthetic rate, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities, whereas the oxygenated group performed better in all these parameters. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that numerous DEGs were involved in energy production, antioxidant metabolism, hormone metabolism pathways, and stress-related transcription factors. These findings will help provide management strategies to enhance the waterlogging tolerance of cherry rootstocks and thereby achieve higher yield and better quality of cherries. Graphical Abstract

Prunus pusilliflora is a wild cherry germplasm resource distributed mainly in Southwest China. Despite its ornamental and economic value, a high-quality assembled P. pusilliflora genome is unavailable, hindering our understanding of its genetic background, population diversity, and evolutionary processes. Here, we de novo assembled a chromosome-scale P. pusilliflora genome using Oxford Nanopore, Illumina, and chromosome conformation capture sequencing. The assembled genome size was 309.62 Mb, with 76 scaffolds anchored to eight pseudochromosomes. We predicted 33 035 protein-coding genes, functionally annotated 98.27% of them, and identified repetitive sequences covering 49.08% of the genome. We found that P. pusilliflora is closely related to Prunus serrulata and Prunus yedoensis, having diverged from them ~41.8 million years ago. A comparative genomic analysis revealed that P. pusilliflora has 643 expanded and 1128 contracted gene families. Furthermore, we found that P. pusilliflora is more resistant to Colletotrichum viniferum, Phytophthora capsici, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infections than cultivated Prunus avium. P. pusilliflora also has considerably more nucleotide-binding site-type resistance gene analogs than P. avium, which explains its stronger disease resistance. The cytochrome P450 and WRKY families of 263 and 61 proteins were divided into 42 and 8 subfamilies respectively in P. pusilliflora. Furthermore, 81 MADS-box genes were identified in P. pusilliflora, accompanying expansions of the SVP and AGL15 subfamilies and loss of the TM3 subfamily. Our assembly of a high-quality P. pusilliflora genome will be valuable for further research on cherries and molecular breeding.

In order to find an efficient, economical and feasible method for soft ripening storage of kiwifruit, two softening methods (on-vine, cold) were utilized for the 'Ganlv-2' kiwifruit (

In order to find an efficient, economical and feasible method for soft ripening storage of kiwifruit, two softening methods (on-vine, cold) were utilized for the ‘Ganlv-2’ kiwifruit (Actinidia. eriantha) cultivar. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the quality changes in ‘Ganlv-2’ under different methods after fruit ripening by principal component analysis and mathematical modeling. Compared to kiwifruit under cold softening, kiwifruit treated with on-vine soft ripening had slightly greater sugar-acid ratios and flesh firmness and higher contents of dry matter, soluble solids, and soluble sugar. The titratable acid content was slightly lower in the on-vine group than in the cold group. The sensory evaluation results manifested little difference in fruit flavor between the two groups. However, at the end of the trial, the overripe taste of the on-vine group was lighter and the taste was sweeter than those of the cold group. More aromatic substances were emitted from the kiwifruit in the on-vine group. According to the mathematic model, there was no significant difference in fruit quality and flavor between the on-vine and traditional cold groups. The fruit in the on-vine group had a stronger flavor and lighter overripe flavor when they reached the edible state. This paper provided a novel storage method of A. eriantha, it can reduce the cost of traditional cold storage and reduce the pressure on centralized harvesting, and the feasibility of this method was verified from the fruit quality.

Additional file 9: Supplementary Table 1. Real-time PCR-specific primer sequences.

Additional file 12: Supplementary Table 4. Correlation analysis of AsA metabolic related components and their related enzymes and genes.

Additional file 11: Supplementary Table 3. 23 DEGs involved in AsA biosynthesis and circulation.

Additional file 10: Supplementary Table 2. Summary statistics of ‘Ganmi 6’ transcriptome assembly. When the cumulative fragment length reaches 50% of the total fragment length (the length of all unigenes), the corresponding length and number of that fragment is the length and number of unigenes N50. The longer the unigenes N50, the smaller the quantity, the better the assembly quality.

The time-resolved soft x-ray spectrometer (TSXS) aboard on the X-ray Pulsar Navigation Test Satellite is an x-ray timing spectrometer covering the energy range of 0.5 to 10 keV. It is China’s first focusing x-ray telescope launched into space orbit. The optical system of TSXS is an x-ray grazing incidence focusing system with a field of view 15 arc min, which is nested with 4 parabolic mirrors with a focal length of 1150 mm. The focal plane detector of TSXS uses a silicon drift detector. From April to June 2016, ground calibration was carried out on TSXS, including the optical axis determination, calibration of energy linearity and energy resolution, calibration of time resolution and photon arrival time accuracy, and calibration of mirrors’ reflectivity. After the launch on November 10, 2016, the in-orbit calibration and performance verification of the telescope was carried out, including the optical axis determination, the performance of energy response, the performance of time accuracy, the calibration of effective area, and the evaluation of telescope sensitivity. After calibration and verification on the ground and in orbit, the photon energy measurement error of the telescope is better than 0.5% at energies above 1.5 keV, the energy resolution is better than 156 eV at 6.4 keV, the time resolution is

On November 10, 2016, the pulsar navigation test satellite 01 (XPNAV-01) was launched in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, and has currently obtained a lot of observation data. At present, the payload has obtained a huge amount of observation data, and the flux, spectrum, and profile of the target observed are obtained as well. High consistency with the observation data by other missions such as RXTE is shown. The function and performance of China’s first grazing incidence X-ray optics onboard XPNAV-01 was verified in-orbit.

The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry (eXTP) is a science mission designed to study the state of matter under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. One of the approaches to obtain large collecting areas is mounting the thermally slumping glass segments (SG) in a nested conical approximation Wolter-I design telescope. In the last two years, we have made a great progress in the research of telescope on the base of thermally slumping glass technology, and successfully fabricated several prototypes for the eXTP SFA mission. This paper intends to provide an overview of the progress. Now we can routinely produce cylindrical glasses with 36-60″ resolution (HPD) and the best mirror produced has an angular resolution of 36″ (HPD). The glass substrates coated with Pt and C layers to obtain high reflectivity of X-ray at 1-10keV, and the reliability of multilayers coating studies are under way as well. The in-situ measurement system and 3-dimention ray-tracing program have developed and can feed measurement data back into the assembly process for improving upon the later mounted mirrors in real time. We fabricated a 3-layer telescope prototype with the diameter of 106mm and focal length of 2000mm, and tested the focusing performance in SSRF, China. The measured HPD is 66″, and W90 is 168″, which meets the requirement of angular resolution of eXTP/SFA.

Minimization of the charged particle background in the x-ray detecting system is an important issue. Generally, there are four possible sources of damaging radiation for x-ray detecting systems, namely: geomagnetically trapped electrons, galactic cosmic ray particles, solar flare events, and onboard radiation sources that always cause noise and damage to the performance of the payload of a spacecraft. In order to alleviate the background noise of the x-ray detecting system, a magnetic diverter is proposed to shield the electrons. The main idea of this method is, using the Monte Carlo method, to follow the tracks of all the electrons and determine whether the electrons collide with the x-ray tube, how they collide, and other parameters of this collision. The number of deflected electrons can be obtained by computing all the physical parameters of electrons. As a result, the shielding efficiency of background noise can be calculated.

The grazing incidence soft X-ray optical system is the core equipment of future space science missions. The optical system expands the collecting area of x-ray photos and improves the SNR. The effective area calibration is the key indicator for testing and verifying the performance of the grazing incidence optical system. One of the traditional calibration methods uses the wide x-ray beam as the calibration x-ray source. This calibration method requires large ground equipment, high environmental conditions while the x-ray beam is not so parallel that the calibration accuracy is limited. Another effective area calibration method uses the narrow x-ray beam scan the optical system. In this paper, the above two effective area calibration methods of the grazing incidence optical system are modeled mathematically. The factors such as the parallelism of the beam, the uniformity of the beam and the characteristics of optical system are absorbed into the unified mathematical model for describing the effective area. The key factors which affect the effective area calibration accuracy are extracted, and their influences on the calibration result are analyzed. Eventually the two calibration methods accuracy is evaluated and the ways for improving the calibration accuracy are given. The effective area calibration is able to test and verify the collecting ability of x-ray photons of the grazing incidence optical system, which is the basis for the development of soft x-ray optics.

We have developed X-ray grazing incidence optics with a single mirror. Although t can be used to demonstrate and test on the ground to verify the feasibility of X-ray detection system, it is unable to meet the requirements of X-ray pulsar navigation due to small effective area and large mass. There is an urgent need to develop multilayer nested grazing incidence optics, which consists of multilayer mirrors to form a coaxial and confocal system to maximize the use of space and increase the effective area. In this paper, aiming at the future demand of X-ray pulsar navigation, optimization and analysis of nested X-ray grazing incidence optics was carried out, the recurrence relations between the layers of mirrors were derived, reasonable initial structural parameters and stray light reduction method was given, and theoretical effective collection area was calculated. The initial structure and stray light eliminating structure are designed. The optical-mechanical-thermal numerical model was established using optical analysis software and finite element software for stray light analysis, focusing performance analysis, tolerance analysis, and mechanical analysis, providing evidence and guidance for the processing and alignment of nested X-ray grazing incidence optics.