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Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely utilized in emotion recognition. Psychologists have found that emotions can be divided into conscious emotion and unconscious emotion. In this article, we explore to classify subliminal emotions (happiness and anger) with EEG signals elicited by subliminal face stimulation, that is to select appropriate features to classify subliminal emotions. First, multi-scale sample entropy (MSpEn), wavelet packet energy (Ei), and wavelet packet entropy (WpEn) of EEG signals are extracted. Then, these features are fed into the decision tree and improved random forest, respectively. The classification accuracy with Ei and WpEn is higher than MSpEn, which shows that Ei and WpEn can be used as effective features to classify subliminal emotions. We compared the classification results of different features combined with the decision tree algorithm and the improved random forest algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the improved random forest algorithm attains the best classification accuracy for subliminal emotions. Finally, subliminal emotions and physiological proof of subliminal affective priming effect are discussed.

Shells of Castanea mollissima (CMS), an agricultural remain and often considered waste from chestnut processing industry, have been proven a resource for traditional Chinese medicine. One new phenol, named castanolB(1), andsix known phenolic compounds (2–7) were isolated froma water-soluble extract of CMS. Their chemical structures were determined using preparative HPLC and various spectral analyses, and then were compared to literatures, which indicated the first identification of the seven compounds from C. mollissima. The physicochemical property of compound (2) was also reported for the first time. After antiproliferative screening of compounds (1–7) on LPS-induced SMMC-7721 and HepG2 hepatoma cells, castanolB (1) showed the best suppression. CastanolB(1) also significantly induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, castanolB (1) decreasedsecretion of TNF-α and IL-6. Mechanistically, TLR4–NF-κB pathway was inhibited bycastanolB (1) with downregulation of TLR4, IKKβ, and NF-κB p65. This study presents a new phenol and shows its profiles of anticancer and anti-inflammation via inhibiting the TLR4–NF-κB pathway.

Concerning the problems that traditional path planning of group animation needs long time for searching and is of poor optimization,the authors proposed a multi-threaded path planning algorithm based on group search optimization.Firstly,to solve the problem that the algorithm easily gets trapped in local optimum,metroplis rule was introduced in this search mode.Secondly,by using random path through the multi-threading and stitching techniques,the algorithm was applied to path planning.The simulation results show that the algorithm has better global convergence both in high-dimensional and low-dimensional cases,and the method is good enough to meet the requirements of path planning in complex animation environment.

The rhizome of Ophiopogon japonicus is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been employed as an expectorant, anti-cough medicine, and tonic agent [1]. Previous chemical analyses of the rhizomes of O. japonicus have led to the isolation of several components including steroidal saponins [2–6], homoisoflavonoids [7, 8], a cis-eudesmane sesquiterpene glycoside [9], and a spirostan-containing sulfate [10]. In this study, we are not interested in studying the rhizome, but rather its root; indeed, the chemical constituents of the root of this plant are understudied [11]. The present study is a complete investigation of the chemical compositions of the root of O. japonicus. A total of 10 substances were isolated: flavonoids (1–4), sesquiterpenes (5–8), and lignans (9 and 10). Their structures were identified mainly by referencing the published 13C NMR spectral data. The natural lignan 2-(3 -methoxy-4 hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3 -methoxy-4 -hydroxybenzyl)-butyrolactone was isolated for the first time from the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus.

Alocasia cucullata Schott is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Fujian Provinces in China (Wu, 1990). Its tuber (Chinese name “jianweiyu”) is a well-known ethnic medicine of the Zhuang nationality in China and is used to treat cancer, reduce swelling, for detoxification, and to ease pain. The antitumor effects of this herb have been preliminarily confirmed because of its widespread clinical application in China for centuries. Nevertheless, up to now, no systematic study has been done on the antitumor constituents of A. cucullata, and the occurrence of an N-acetyl-D-lactosamine (LacNAc)-specific lectin has been reported in a previous investigation of A. cucullata [1]. Our previous pharmacological study further showed the presence of cytotoxic activity in a 50% ethanol extract [2]. In this article we report the isolation of a total of 12 substances: steroid (1), alkaloids (2–4), and phenolic substances (5–12) for the first time from the genus Alocasia. Plant Material. The tubers of A. cucullata were collected in Sichuang Province, China, in May 2011 and identified by Prof. Bao-Kang Huang (Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China). A voucher specimen (Zheng 5580) has been deposited in the Herbarium of the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Processing of Plant Material. The tubers of A. cucullata (5 kg) were powdered and extracted three times with 50% EtOH. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude residue (200 g), which was extracted successively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol. The n-butanol fraction, concentrated to dryness (30 g), was further fractionated on a silica gel chromatography column (600 g of silica gel 60, 70–230 mesh; CHCl3–MeOH–H2O [(15:0.4:1,10:0.4:1, and 5:0.4:1) gradient)] to give four fractions, Frs. A, B, C, and D which were further fractionated on a silica gel chromatographic column (RP-18): CC of Fr. A (2.2 g) (RP-18, 200 g; CH3OH–H2O 4:1) gave 1 (30 mg), 2 (36 mg), 3 (30 mg), and 4 (28 mg); CC of Fr. B (6.2 g) (RP-18, 400 g; CH3OH–H2O 1:1) gave 3 (20 mg), 4 (100 mg), 5 (46 mg), 6 (30 mg), 7 (58 mg), and Fr. B (0.9 g), which were pooled. Fraction B was chromatographed on Sephadex LH-20 (CH3OH–H2O 1:1) yielding 8 (32 mg). CC of Fr. C (5.2 g) (RP-18, 400 g; CH3OH–H2O 2:1) gave 9 (30 mg) and 10 (34 mg). CC of Fr. D (2.1 g) (RP-18, 400 g; CH3OH–H2O 4:1) gave 11 (21 mg) and 12 (25 mg). Compound 1, C35H60O6, white amorphous powder (MeOH), mp 134–135 C. ESI-MS m/z 577 [M + H]+. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of -daucosterol [3]. Compound 2, C10H13N5O4, white amorphous powder (MeOH), mp 234.4–235.4 C. ESI-MS m/z 268 [M + H] +. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of -adenosine [4]. Compound 3, C6H6N2O, white amorphous powder (MeOH), mp 129–130 C. ESI-MS m/z 121 [M – H]–. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of niacinamide [5]. Compound 4, C9H7NO, white gum (MeOH). ESI-MS m/z 146 [M + H] +. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde [5]. Compound 5, C9H10O3, yellow oil, mp 49–50 C. ESI-MS m/z 167 [M + H]+. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of paeonol [6]. Compound 6, C7H6O5, yellow powder. ESI-MS m/z 171 [M + H] +. Its physical constants and spectral data were in agreement with those of gallic acid [6].