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Excessive apoptosis of placental trophoblast cells is considered a major cause of pre-eclampsia (PE) pathogenesis. Phosphorylation of the widely expressed cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) regulates apoptosis and may be involved in PE incidence. Low-dose aspirin (LDA) is an effective approach for preventing PE with unclear mechanisms. Thus we examined whether LDA protects against PE by inhibiting trophoblast cell apoptosis through CREB. The effects of LDA on human PE placenta, PE model rat placenta, and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell apoptosis were analyzed. TUNEL assay, immunohistochemistry, Cell Counting Assay Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, western blot, and flow cytometry assay were performed. In the placenta of human PE and rat PE models, the TUNEL index increased and was partially corrected with LDA pre-treatment. Meanwhile, decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax expression were significantly reversed by LDA pre-treatment. In HTR-8/SVneo cells, H(2)O(2) decreased cell viability, promoted apoptosis, reduced the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, aggravated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased cytoplasmic cytochrome c release, and simultaneously activated caspase-9 and caspase-3. These effects were effectively restored by LDA pre-treatment in the cells. Moreover, LDA promoted CREB phosphorylation in trophoblast cells. CREB interference further promoted apoptosis, reduced the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and increased MMP loss. CREB interference also reversed the inhibitory effect of LDA on H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Thus, LDA was shown to inhibit trophoblast cell mitochondrial apoptosis by activating the CREB/Bcl-2 pathway, providing novel evidence for the protective mechanism of LDA in PE. Abbreviations; PE: Pre-eclampsia; LDA: low-dose aspirin; CREB: cAMP response element binding protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; H(2)O(2): hydrogen peroxide; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma-2; MMP: Mitochondrial membrane potential; Cyt-c: CytochromeC.

Mg–1Al, Mg–0.9Y, Mg–2Gd, Mg–1.5Zn, and Mg–0.5Ca binary alloys were chosen to clarify the hot tearing mechanism since they exhibited the highest hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) among each binary alloy systems. Hot tearing tests of these five binary magnesium alloys were carried out by a constrained rod-casting apparatus. 3D X-ray tomography technology was used to characterize their tear volume, tear patterns, and propagation paths of such tears. The results showed that the HTS of these five alloys followed Mg–1Al < Mg–0.9Y < Mg–2Gd < Mg–1.5Zn < Mg–0.5Ca order. Among them, Mg–0.5Ca alloy exhibited abnormal HTS because of its susceptible temperature range and residual liquid fraction. In addition to the previous analysis of hot tearing behavior, discussion from the point of view of fluidity, thermal expansion coefficient, and mechanical property of semi-solid alloy with high solid fraction were incorporated to clarify the hot tearing mechanism.

Background: 2-Aminopyridines are the typical pyridine α-site derivatives, which have received growing interest in using as a kind of synthons in organic synthesis and drug synthesis because of their special binucleophilic framework Methods: All these obtained compounds were characterized by NMR. Among them, 3a was characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. All the theoretical calculation works were performed by Gaussian software. Results: A series of the desired compounds can be synthesized at room temperature via a mild procedure under the promotion of simple inorganic base K2CO3. Conclusion: This mild strategy fits the concept of green chemistry, providing a novel idea for the construction of nitrogen-containing polyheterocyclic compounds.

BackgroundThe mechanism for anaphylaxis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination has been widely debated; understanding this serious adverse event is important for future vaccines of similar design. A mechanism proposed is type I hypersensitivity (i.e., IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation) to excipient polyethylene glycol (PEG). Using an assay that, uniquely, had been previously assessed in patients with anaphylaxis to PEG, our objective was to compare anti-PEG IgE in serum from mRNA COVID-19 vaccine anaphylaxis case-patients and persons vaccinated without allergic reactions. Secondarily, we compared anti-PEG IgG and IgM to assess alternative mechanisms.MethodsSelected anaphylaxis case-patients reported to U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System December 14, 2020 – March 25, 2021 were invited to provide a serum sample. mRNA COVID-19 vaccine study participants with residual serum and no allergic reaction post-vaccination (“controls”) were frequency matched to cases 3:1 on vaccine and dose number, sex and 10-year age category. Anti-PEG IgE was measured using a dual cytometric bead assay. Anti-PEG IgG and IgM were measured using two different assays. Laboratorians were blinded to case/control status.ResultsAll 20 case-patients were women; 17 had anaphylaxis after dose 1, 3 after dose 2. Thirteen (65%) were hospitalized and 7 (35%) were intubated. Time from vaccination to serum collection was longer for case-patients vs controls (post-dose 1: median 105 vs 21 days). Among Moderna recipients, anti-PEG IgE was detected in 1 of 10 (10%) case-patients vs 8 of 30 (27%) controls (p=0.40); among Pfizer-BioNTech recipients, it was detected in 0 of 10 case-patients (0%) vs 1 of 30 (3%) controls (p>0.99). Anti-PEG IgE quantitative signals followed this same pattern. Neither anti-PEG IgG nor IgM was associated with case status with both assay formats.ConclusionOur results support that anti-PEG IgE is not a predominant mechanism for anaphylaxis post-mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.

The umpolung activity of hemiacetals serving as α-carbon nucleophiles has been reported via dinuclear zinc cooperative catalysis. This umpolung strategy has been applied to catalytic asymmetric tandem reactions of 1-tosylindoline-2,3-diols with β,γ-unsaturated-α-keto compounds, providing a broad series of structurally diverse tetrahydrofuran spirooxindoles and dihydrofurans, respectively. In addition, products could be transformed to quinazoline and quinoline derivatives.

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis), which causes central nervous system infections in adults, is very rare. It is also relatively difficult to culture mycoplasma and culturing requires special media, resulting in a high rate of clinical underdiagnosis. Therefore, clinicians often treat patients based on their own experience before obtaining pathogenic results and may ignore infections with atypical pathogens, thus delaying the diagnosis and treatment of patients and increasing the length of hospital stay and costs. CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old man presented to the hospital complaining of recurrent dizziness for 1 year, which had worsened in the last week. After admission, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 7.0 cm × 6.0 cm × 6.1 cm lesion at the skull base, which was irregular in shape and had a midline shift to the left. Based on imaging findings, meningioma was our primary consideration. After lesion resection, the patient had persistent fever and a diagnosis of suppurative meningitis based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. The patient was treated with the highest level of antibiotics (meropenem and linezolid), but the response was ineffective. Finally, M. hominis was detected by next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) in the CSF. Therefore, we changed the antibiotics to moxifloxacin 0.4 g daily combined with doxycycline 0.1 g twice a day for 2 wk, and the patient had a normal temperature the next day. CONCLUSION Mycoplasma meningitis after neurosurgery is rare. We can use mNGS to detect M. hominis in the CSF and then provide targeted treatment.

Abusive supervision is often regarded as a “toxic” factor, which has a negative impact. However, latest research has shown that it has a positive side. Based on the regulatory focus and conservation of resources (COR) theory, this paper discusses the double-edged sword effect of abusive supervision on work engagement. The results of hierarchical regression and bootstrapping on 331 samples showed that there is an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between abusive supervision and work engagement, in which situational regulatory focus plays a differential mediating role between them; that is, abusive supervision through inverted U-shaped stimulation on promotion-focus and positive induction on prevention-focus affects work engagement; proactive personality moderates the inverted U-shaped effect of abusive supervision on work engagement, meanwhile it moderates the inverted U-shaped mediating role of promotion-focus and the linear mediating role of prevention-focus. This study provides a new reference for organization on how to control abusive management in practice.

With the use of sensorless control mechanical position sensors can be removed from the gearbox, so as to decrease the maintenance costs and enhance the system robustness. In this paper, switched PI control based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) observer using Fuzzy-Logic-Controller (FLC) is introduced for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The main work and innovation of this paper include: 1) An FLC is designed for speed and current control. The response performance of speed regulation and the accuracy of the command voltage are improved and the difficulty of manual adjustment of control parameters is avoided. In addition, the disturbance observer is established to compensate the nonlinear effect caused by voltage source inverter (VSI). Therefore, the robustness of PMSM vector control system is improved and the sensorless control precision is guaranteed. 2) A sensorless control strategy of a switched PI control based MRAS observer is proposed for stator resistance tracking, which can improve the accuracy of resistance estimation and improve the dynamic performance of sensorless control. 3) The experimental results are given to verify the availability of the proposed scheme.

A facile chiral phosphoric-acid catalyzed asymmetric inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder reaction of 1,3-diazadienes with 3-vinylindoles was established. By using this mild and practical protocol, a broad range of benzothiazolopyrimidines with three contiguous stereogenic centers were prepared in good yields and excellent diastereo- and enantio-selectivities (43 examples, up to 83% yield,99% ee and all20 : 1 dr). A plausible concerted reaction pathway enabled by the dual hydrogen-bonding effect was proposed to account for the observed excellent enantioselectivity and specific

This is an efficient asymmetric Michael/lactonization cascade reaction via a Brønsted base and Lewis acid cooperative activation model.

A highly atom-economical and novel enantioselective [3 + 2] spiroannulation reaction of saccharine-derived cyclic 1-azadienes with α-hydroxy-1-indanones has been developed.

A general electrochemical activation strategy is reported to induce the phase transformation from Ni0.85Se to NiSe/Ni3Se2 with a core–shell structure.

The first Zn-ProPhenol catalyzed asymmetric inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoamides with β,γ-unsaturated ketones has been accomplished.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet. Table S2. The oxidation Characteristics of the diets. Table S3. Primers used for the Q-PCR. Table S4. Primary antibodies for the Western blot analyses. Table S5. The correlation analysis between the 12 key selenogenes and other measures.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the most important causative agent of infection in chronically ill patients admitted in hospitals globally. Coupled with its, mixed symptomatology, rapid drug resistance tendency and its causation of severe disease, a fast, reliable and affordable diagnostic technique is required to enable healthcare providers expeditiously mitigate its progression and eventual treatment. The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) technique has the potential to serve as a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostic tool. Broad Objective: To investigate Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification as a molecular technique for microbial diagnostic and prognostic predictor. Study Design: This study was aimed at evaluating LAMP assay against Simple Polymerase chain reaction and Multiplex PCR on the diagnosis of P. aeruginosa in mixed clinical samples. Materials and Methods: This study developed P. aeruginosa Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (PaLAMP) assay to target the ExoY gene with appropriate primer testing and validation procedures. Culture of patient bacterial samples was done on MHA and MHB medium, grown overnight in an Incubator and a incubating shaker at 37oc respectively. Housekeeping gene were identified through online bioinformatics and blasted against known sequences. A set of 6 primers, comprising 2 outer primers (F3 and B3), 2 inner primers (FIP and BIP), and 2 loop primers (FLP and BLP), were designed. Microbial DNA extraction was done followed by PCR amplification as a classical identification using LAMP outer primers 9(F3 and B3). LAMP amplicons were detected by real time turbidimetry (LA-500) at 64°C for 40 minutes as well as under UV light with 1.0 μl of 1/10-diluted original SYBR Green I. Results: LAMP validation against traditional PCR shows a high limit of detection at 10-6ng/µl compared to 10-5ng/µl for PCR. The findings are consistent with outcomes for real time turbidimetric outcomes. Real time LAMP turbidimetric results was cross validated by direct observation through SYBR fluorescence under UV light for positive P. aeruginosa detection through positive amplification. Conclusion: Thus far, Loop mediated isothermal amplification show significantly high limit of detection comparable to standard PCR, its use in field based diagnosis offers an opportunity for a cheap, reliable and faster method to determine disease trends and therapy approaches. This method can be applied in primary care to enhance accuracy in diagnosis and thereby prompt initiation of mitigation treatment regimens.

Fault diagnosis plays an indispensable role in prognostics and health management of rotating machines. In recent years, intelligent fault diagnosis methods based on domain adaptation technology have attracted the attention of researchers. However, a more extensive application scenario of fault diagnosis − partial domain adaptation (PDA) − has not been well-resolved. In this article, for the first time, a novel stacked auto-encoder based partial adversarial domain adaptation (SPADA) model is proposed to solve the fault diagnosis problem in PDA situations. Two deep stack auto-encoders are first designed to extract representative features from the training data (source domain) and test data (target domain), respectively. Then, a weighted classifier based on Softmax is used to weight the features from the source and target domains. Meanwhile, another domain discriminator and label predictor using the Softmax classifier are adopted to simultaneously implement domain adaptation and fault diagnosis. Comprehensive analysis is performed on real data to test the performance of the SPADA model and detailed comparisons are provided; the extensive experimental results show that the diagnosis performance of SPADA outperforms the existing deep learning and domain adaptation methods in dealing with the PDA problem.

Pre-detonators are commonly used in rotating detonation engine (RDE) experiments. Current experimental studies focus on the performance of pre-detonator while ignoring the influence of pre-detonator on the flow field. In numerical simulations one-dimensional detonation wave is usually used to ignite the fresh gas in RDE. This is a simplification of the pre-detonator used in practical hotfire tests. But the coupling between the pre-detonator and the combustor is ignored. The aim of the present study is to study the influence of pre-detonator on the flow field in the RDE. A model of RDE with a pre-detonator is built, in which three-dimensional numerical simulations fueled with hydrogen/air is performed. The influence of pre-detonator on the combustor in different stages is studied. After initiation, detonation wave from the pre-detonator forms two counter-rotating detonation waves. The tangential installation of pre-detonator fails in directional initiation of detonation wave. The coupling effect is shown as the reflection and expulsion of shock wave. Detonation wave or oblique shock wave in the combustion chamber enters the pre-detonator and turns into shock wave before colliding with the end and re-entering the combustion chamber. Under some circumstances, the reflected shock wave will initiate a detonation wave and affect the wave structure in the combustion chamber. In the stable stage, the reflected shock wave has no effect on the flow field. However, periodic collision of reflected shock wave with detonation wave at the junction causes ablation in long-time experiments. Increasing the axial distance between pre-detonator and injection wall is expected to be a solution for the ablation problem.

Bacillus Calmette - Guerin (BCG) is an immune regulator that can enhance hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats; however, it is unclear whether it can improve synaptic function in a mouse model with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that BCG plays a protective role in AD mice and investigated its effect on dendritic morphology. The results obtained show that BCG immunization significantly increases dendritic complexity, as indicated by the increased number of dendritic intersections and branch points, as well as the increase in the fractal dimension. Furthermore, the number of primary neurites and dendritic length also increased following BCG immunization, which increased the number of spines and promoted maturation. IFN-γ and IL-4 levels increased, while TNF-α levels decreased following BCG immunization; expression levels ofBCG immunization in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease significantly increased dendritic complexity, as indicated by an increase in the number of dendritic intersections and branch points, as well as an increase in the fractal dimension of hippocampal CA1 neurons.

The severe shuttle effect and slow kinetics of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) conversion are two major obstacles to the practical application of lithium sulfur batteries. Ultra-thin 2D MoO2 nanosheets (MoO2 NSs) have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and then mixed with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using as coating materials of the Celgard 2400 polypropylene separator to solve these problems. The 2D character of MoO2 NSs produced high surface/volume ratios and abundant active binding sites for anchoring LiPSs. In addition, the partial reduction of MoO2 NSs in a H2/Ar mixture introduced oxygen vacancies in their surface, which acted as catalytic sites for LiPS conversion, while the CNT network ensured rapid electron transfer for LiPS conversion reactions. Symmetric dummy cell tests showed that a 30wt%MoO2/CNT coated separator reduced the energy barrier for Li2S nucleation, and first-principles calculations verified its strong binding energy to entrap LiPSs and increase Li2S precipitation. Because of these features, a cell with a 30wt%MoO2/CNT coated separator had an improved specific capacity of 738 mAh·g−1 at 1 C with a slow decay rate of 0.053% for 800 cycles.

Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction for condition-based maintenance decision making plays a key role in prognostics and health management (PHM). Accurately predicting RUL of the rotating components of complex machines becomes a challenging task for PHM. For many existing methods, the current prediction error of RUL prediction may be accumulated into the future predictions, and thus can lead to a prediction error superposition problem. In this article, the formation mechanism of prediction error superposition is analyzed, and for the first time a deep adversarial long short-term memory (LSTM) prognostic framework is proposed to overcome the major issue related to prediction error superposition. In the proposed framework, a generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture combining the LSTM network and autoencoder (AE) is investigated for bearing RUL monitoring. In the proposed deep adversarial learning prediction framework, due to the potential involvement of long-term and complex tasks, the LSTM network (generator) is used to predict the degradation process of rolling bearings based on available historical data, and a simple but useful AE (discriminator) is used to determine and refine the accuracy of the prediction. Therefore, the AE plays the adversarial role of the LSTM network, and the prediction accuracy of the LSTM network can be significantly improved. For illustration purpose, two practical case studies, which use a series of bearing degradation data and the IEEE PHM 2012 PRONOSTIA datasets, respectively, are presented to show the prediction performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method works very well for vibration monitoring and performs better in comparison with the reference machine learning and deep learning approaches. Impact Statement —The damage of rolling bearing usually leads to a significant consequence to industrial production process. However, the existing remaining useful life (RUL) prediction methods for rolling bearing have a prediction error superposition problem that can affect the multistep prediction performance. The new adversarial learning prognostics model proposed in this article can overcome the problem. The proposed method uses LSTM network as a generator to predict RUL life for rolling bearing, and uses AE as a discriminator to estimate the prediction accuracy. The method can significantly improve the multistep prediction accuracy of RUL for rolling bearing, and provides reliable and scientific strategy in PHM of mechatronics equipment.

A novel $d$ -axis variable-structure control (VSC) current regulator is proposed for realizing fast and accurate sensorless control in the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) in this article. In this proposed regulator, the sigmoid function is employed as a switching control law to reduce the chattering effect and increase the degrees of freedom in tuning the regulator. The sensorless control performance under the $d$ -axis VSC current regulator is testified by using the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) and sliding-mode control (SMC) method. In the MRAS observer, the adaptive law of speed and resistance is designed so that resistance, speed, and position can be estimated simultaneously, which can eliminate the influence of the resistance variations theoretically. In the sliding-mode observer, the back electromotive force observer is employed to estimate the speed and position of PMSM so that the estimation can cover a relative low-speed range because pure integration is not employed. Furthermore, the dead-time compensation voltages (DTCV) strategy is employed to online estimate disturbance voltage in a feed-forward manner, which can improve the sensorless control performance of PMSM. Experimental results obtained from an SPMSM drive system validate the superiority of the proposed $d$ -axis VSC current regulator.

The phase separation phenomena or cloud points (CP) behavior of nonionic octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether with oxyethylene glycol ether unit of 15 (OP-15) were investigated in aqueous micellar solutions containing high concentrations of inorganic salts including NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, BaCl2, AlCl3, FeCl3, Na2SO4 and Na2SiO3. The change in CP induced by salts and its mechanism are discussed theoretically. In aqueous solutions containing high concentration of salt, for the first time the linear relationship between CP and salt concentration is well established to characterize the depression of CP. Based on pseudo phase separation model, thermodynamic parameters are estimated and adopted to further describe the phase separation process and the interactions between OP-15 molecules or the OP-15/water interactions. Thermodynamic parameters including standard Gibbs energy change ( Δ G C P 0 ), enthalpy change ( Δ H C P 0 ) and entropy change ( Δ S C P 0 ) indicate that the additions of different salts result in the change in entropy-driven nonspontaneous process of phase separation. These data, which are from the compensation temperatures and the change of molar heat capacity, also prove that different ions induce the change in the interactions between surfactant molecules or the surfactant–water interaction and thus affect the depression of CP. These findings help with understanding the effect of inorganic salts, especially the high concentration of salt, on CP of nonionic surfactant and then broadening the application of nonionic surfactant based on CP such as the extraction of biomaterials in biological samples derived from animals or plants, etc.

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings is an essential process for improving the reliability and safety of the rotating machinery. It is always a major challenge to ensure fault diagnosis accuracy in particular under severe working conditions. In this article, a deep adversarial domain adaptation (DADA) model is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. This model constructs an adversarial adaptation network to solve the commonly encountered problem in numerous real applications: the source domain and the target domain are inconsistent in their distribution. First, a deep stack autoencoder (DSAE) is combined with representative feature learning for dimensionality reduction, and such a combination provides an unsupervised learning method to effectively acquire fault features. Meanwhile, domain adaptation and recognition classification are implemented using a Softmax classifier to augment classification accuracy. Second, the effects of the number of hidden layers in the stack autoencoder network, the number of neurons in each hidden layer, and the hyperparameters of the proposed fault diagnosis algorithm are analyzed. Third, comprehensive analysis is performed on real data to validate the performance of the proposed method; the experimental results demonstrate that the new method outperforms the existing machine learning and deep learning methods, in terms of classification accuracy and generalization ability.

The influence of Mn doping on structure, magnetic behaviors and magnetocaloric effect in TmFeO3 polycrystalline ceramics has been explored. X-ray powder diffraction proves that TmFe1-xMnxO3 (x ≤ 0.3) ceramics maintain an orthorhombic structure, and the space group is Pbnm. Compared with the original TmFeO3 sample, structural parameters change slightly and magnetic properties are effectively tuned with the gradual substitution of Mn at Fe site. The spin reorientation temperature region shifts from 90.3 to 73.2 K for TmFeO3 to 180.0–156.0 K for TmFe0.7Mn0.3O3. Besides, for TmFe1-xMnxO3 (x ≤ 0.3), the maximum magnetic entropy changes dependent on the Mn composition are 6.29 J/kg K, 6.56 J/kg K, 6.79 J/kg K and 7.22 J/kg K for 0–70 kOe, respectively. The refrigeration capacities are 159.3 J/kg, 168.9 J/kg, 176.7 J/kg and 184.4 J/kg, respectively. For a better assessing the magnetocaloric performance of TmFe1-xMnxO3 (x ≤ 0.3), we have calculated the temperature average entropy change, refrigerant capacity and normalized refrigerant capacity, and their values become larger with increasing Mn doping. Our experimental results can provide valuable references for the application and development of RFeO3 (R = rare earth) as multifunctional materials.

The eicosanoid signaling pathway mediates insect immune reactions to a wide range of stimuli. This pathway begins with the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid (AA) from the hydrolysis of phospholipids catalyzed by phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ). We report here that the PLA2 inhibitor, dexamethasone (DEX), impaired the innate immune response including nodulation, encapsulation, and melanization in Ostrinia furnacalis larvae, while AA partially reversed these effects of DEX. We cloned a full-length complementary DNA encoding a PLA2 , designated as OfsPLA2 , from O. furnacalis. The open reading frame of OfsPLA2 encodes a 195-amino acid residue protein with a 22-residue signal peptide. Sequence alignment analyses indicated that O. furnacalis PLA2 might be a Group III secretory PLA2 . The highest transcript levels of OfsPLA2 were detected in the fat body, and its transcript levels increased dramatically after infection with Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, or Beauveria bassiana. Recombinant OfsPLA2 significantly induced prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation in larval hemolymph in the presence of Ca2+ and encapsulation of agarose beads. Injection of recombinant OfsPLA2 into larvae resulted in increased transcript levels of attacin, defencin, and moricin-3 genes. Our results demonstrate the involvement of the eicosanoid signaling pathway in the innate immune response of O. furnacalis larvae and provide new information about the roles of O. furnacalis secretory PLA2 in activating PPO and antimicrobial peptide production.

Antipsychotic agents are clinically utilized to treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders. These drugs induce neurological and metabolic side effects, but their influence on blood vessels remains largely unknown. Here, we show that haloperidol, one of the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic agents, induces vascular defects in bone marrow. Acute haloperidol treatment results in vascular dilation that is specific to hematopoietic organs. This vessel dilation is associated with disruption of hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), both of which are reversible after haloperidol withdrawal. Mechanistically, haloperidol treatment blocked the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) from HSPCs. Genetic blockade of VEGF-A secretion from hematopoietic cells or inhibition of VEGFR2 in endothelial cells result in similar vessel dilation in bone marrow during regeneration after irradiation and transplantation. Conversely, VEGF-A gain of function rescues the bone marrow vascular defects induced by haloperidol treatment and irradiation. Our work reveals an unknown effect of antipsychotic agents on the vasculature and hematopoiesis with potential implications for drug application in clinic.

Nucleus accumbens-1 (NAC-1) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, including colon cancer, and is closely associated with tumor recurrence, metastasis, and invasion.To determine whether and how NAC-1 affects antitumor immunity in colon cancer.NAC-1-siRNA was transfected into RKO colon cancer cells to knock down NAC expression; tumor cells with or without knockdown of NAC-1 were treated with CD8Knockdown of NAC-1 expression in colon cancer cells significantly enhanced the cytocidal effect of CD8Tumor expression of NAC-1 is a negative determinant of immunotherapy.

As one of the extensively used feed additives in livestock and poultry breeding, p-arsanilic acid (p-ASA) has become an organoarsenic pollutant with great concern. For the efficient removal of p-ASA from water, the combination of chemical oxidation and adsorption is recognized as a promising process. Herein, hollow/porous Mn-Fe-mixed oxide (MnFeO) nanocubes were synthesized and used in coupling with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to oxidize p-ASA and remove the total arsenic (As). Under acidic conditions, both p-ASA and total As could be completely removed in the PMS/MnFeO process and the overall performance was substantially better than that of the Mn/Fe monometallic system. More importantly, an interface-promoted direct oxidation mechanism was found in the p-ASA-involved PMS/MnFeO system. Rather than activate PMS to generate reactive oxygen species (i.e., SO4·-, ·OH, and 1O2), the MnFeO nanocubes first adsorbed p-ASA to form a ligand-oxide interface, which improved the oxidation of the adsorbed p-ASA by PMS and ultimately enhanced the removal of the total As. Such a direct oxidation process achieved selective oxidation of p-ASA and avoidance of severe interference from the commonly present constituents in real water samples. After facile elution with dilute alkali solution, the used MnFeO nanocubes exhibited superior recyclability in the repeated p-ASA removal experiments. Therefore, this work provides a promising approach for efficient abatement of phenylarsenical-caused water pollution based on the PMS/MnFeO oxidation process.