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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pch-10.1177_21501351221127894 for Outcomes After Anatomic Versus Physiologic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Isao Anzai, Yanling Zhao, Arnaldo Dimagli, Christian Pearsall, Marian LaForest, Emile Bacha and David Kalfa in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pch-10.1177_21501351221127894 for Outcomes After Anatomic Versus Physiologic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Isao Anzai, Yanling Zhao, Arnaldo Dimagli, Christian Pearsall, Marian LaForest, Emile Bacha and David Kalfa in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-pch-10.1177_21501351221127894 for Outcomes After Anatomic Versus Physiologic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Isao Anzai, Yanling Zhao, Arnaldo Dimagli, Christian Pearsall, Marian LaForest, Emile Bacha and David Kalfa in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-pch-10.1177_21501351221127894 for Outcomes After Anatomic Versus Physiologic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Isao Anzai, Yanling Zhao, Arnaldo Dimagli, Christian Pearsall, Marian LaForest, Emile Bacha and David Kalfa in World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery

Background:: Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development. Objective:: By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings. Methods:: Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis. Results:: With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance. Conclusion:: With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.

A comprehensive understanding of genetic background for rare species will provide an important theoretical basis for the future species management, monitoring and conservation. Tetraena mongolica is restrictedly distributed in the western Ordos plateau of China and has been listed as a national protected plant. We generated 13 chloroplast (cp) genomes of T. mongolica (size range of 106,062–106,230 bp) and conducted a series of comparative analyses of six Zygophyllaceae cp genomes. T. mongolica cp genome exhibited a quadripartite structure with drastically reduced inverted repeats (IRs, 4,315 bp) and undergone the loss of a suit of ndh genes and a copy of rRNAs. Furthermore, all the T. mongolica populations were divided into two genetic groups based on complete cp phylogenomics. In addition, notably variable genome size, gene order and structural changes had been observed among the six Zygophyllaceae cp genomes. Overall, our findings provide insights into the cp genome evolution mode and intraspecific relationships of T. mongolica, and provide a molecular basis for scientific conservation of this endangered plant.

Background: The trachea is an important part of the respiratory system. Long-term airway diseases and the effects of human physiological conditions can cause trachea stenosis. This will seriously affect patients’ physical health. Tracheal stents can provide durable support by means of dilating the narrowed area; they can effectively relieve the patient's breathing difficulties, which is of value that is more practical. Objective: To meet the vital requirements for better adaptation to the human airway environment and prevent complications associated with stent placement, the construction and materials of tracheal stents have been improved constantly. Methods: This paper investigates various representative patents related to the tracheal stent. The structure type, placement method and applications situation of these tracheal stents are discussed. Results: The characteristics of different types of tracheal stents are analyzed. This paper analyzes the main problems in its development. The solutions to the issues and the current and future research on tracheal stents are discussed. Conclusion: The tracheal stents are classified into metal stent, silicone stent, biodegradable stent and hybrid material stent. Further improvements are needed in the aspects of structural design, safety, applicability, biocompatibility, algorithm of drive model of tracheal stent. More related patents about tracheal stents need to be developed.

Background: With a growing demand for blueberries, the planting area of blueberries is also increasing. However, the main method of picking blueberries is the traditional manual picking, so the operation of picking is the most time-consuming and laborious in the chain of production. Objective: By analyzing and discussing the patents of equipment of blueberry picking, some valuable conclusions have been drawn to predict the future research and development of equipment of blueberry picking. Methods: This paper sketches out various current representative patents relevant to equipment of blueberry picking. Results: Through summarizing a large number of patents about equipment of blueberry picking, the characters of those patents are analyzed and compared, and further development tendency of equipment of blueberry picking is discussed. Conclusion: The research on the multifunction, intelligence, versatility of blueberry picking machine is helpful in solving the problems of low efficiency, low quality and poor versatility.

Background: Bearing testing machine is the key equipment for bearing design, theoretical research and improvement, and it plays an important role in the performance of bearing life, fatigue, vibration and working temperature. With the requirements of aerospace, military equipment, automobile manufacturing and other industrial fields of the bearing are becoming higher and higher. There is an urgent need for high-precision and high-efficiency bearing testing machines to monitor and analyze the performance of bearings. Objective: By analyzing the recent patents, the characteristics and existing problems of the current bearing testing machine are summarized to provide references for the development of bearing test equipment in the future. Methods: This paper reviews various representative patents related to the third generation bearing testing machines. Results: Although the structure of bearing testing machines is different, the main problems in the structure and design principle of bearing testing machine have been summarized and analyzed, and the development of trend and direction of the future bearing testing machine have been discussed. Conclusion: Bearing testing machines for health monitoring of bearing life cycle is of great significance. The current bearing testing machine has basically achieved the monitoring and analysis However, due to the emergence of new types of bearings, further improvement is still needed. With the development of testing technology towards intelligent and big data-driven direction, bearing testing machine is moving towards the type of cloud computing and large-scale testing.

Background: One of the critical factors affecting the life of bearings is the bearing temperature during operation, so the temperature is an important parameter to detect the running state of the bearing. The abnormal increase in bearing temperature can reflect problems such as bearing damage, lack of lubricating oil, and installation errors. With the continuous improvement of rotating machinery equipment operating speed, load level and equipment processing accuracy requirements, there is an urgent need to detect and analyze the temperature rise of bearings. Objective: By analyzing recent representative patents for bearing temperature detection, we summarize the characteristics and problems of current bearing temperature detection devices and provide a reference for the future development of bearing temperature detection devices Methods: This article traces the recent representative patents related to bearing temperature detection method and device structure. Results: Through the investigation of a large number of patents of bearing temperature detection devices, the main existing problems in the system and structure of bearing temperature detection are concluded and analyzed, and the development of bearing temperature detection is discussed in the future. Conclusion: The bearing temperature measuring device is significant for analyzing bearing heating and detecting the running state of the bearing. The current research results need further development and improvement. With the development of automated detection technology, bearing temperature measurement is also evolving towards intelligence and dynamics. It is foreseeable that more related patents on bearing temperature detection will be invented.

Background: Bearing has been widely used in automotive, aerospace, electronics industry and other fields. Its pre-tightening technology is one of the most critical technologies. It has an important influence on the accuracy, speed, stiffness and temperature rise of the spindle. Proper pre-tightening force can eliminate bearing clearance and improve machining accuracy and efficiency of machine tools. Therefore, the development trend of bearing pre-tightening mechanism has been paid more and more attention. Objective: In order to improve the processing efficiency and processing accuracy of the bearing system, the structure and function of the bearing pre-tensioning device are continuously enhanced. Methods: This paper retraces various current representative patents relative to the mechanism of bearing pre-tightening. Results: Through the investigation of a number of patents of bearing pre-tightening devices, the principles and effects of different bearing pre-tightening devices are classified and reviewed. Besides, the future development trend of bearing pre-tightening devices is discussed. Conclusion: The optimization of the bearing pre-tightening device is conducive to improving processing efficiency and quality. A controllable pre-tightening force is the research direction, and more related patents will be invented in the future.

Monitoring packet losses at links is beneficial to network management and service quality improvement. Software-defined networking can conveniently obtain flow statistics. However, the packet loss rate of a link or path cannot be directly measured by acquiring the statistics of an ongoing flow. In addition, monitoring the packet loss directly based on statistics inquiries brings considerable extra overhead to the controller. In this paper, we propose a two-way link-level packet loss monitoring solution for the software-defined networks. We propose a packet loss probe structure consisting of distributed rings. The proposed probe structure contains every monitored directed link once and only once, thereby avoiding the mutual interference between different probe flows and thereby improves probe accuracy. We further study two optimization problems of the ring-based packet loss probe structure. The two problems build probe structures, with minimal maximum ring delay, for all the network links and selected network links. The two optimization problems are very complex, and we approximately solve them in polynomial time. A packet loss positioning algorithm, based on flow statistic inquiries and the symmetry design of probe rings, is also proposed. Our proposed solution can effectively monitor link-level packet loss but brings low and controllable overhead to the controller.

Aiming at the information security in industrial communication network and industrial network integration requirements, this paper develops in-depth study on the current industrial ethernet, OPC UA, Modbus TCP and Profinet, against the vulnerability in the industrial control network, adopts the security strategy under the combination of security function in the mainstream industrial ethernet and protocol deep analysis, and designs an ethernet security monitor in multi-protocol industry. This monitor is able to identify different network protocols automatically in single or multiple network protocols, maintain surveillance over network status in real-time according to the security configuration strategy, supervise illegal access from unauthorized devices, abnormal message, network abnormalities, etc., track the equipment critical process data, and realize local and remote alarm function. After testing, this monitor does not affect the original industrial control network and can effectively protect the security of industrial control network.

With the widespread application of intelligent manufacturing and industrial internet technologies, higher requirements for the reliability, stability and robustness of industrial communication networks have been put forward. To achieve these requirements, the detecting and evaluating diagnostic technology for industrial field communication is essential. This paper analyzes the key technologies and difficulties of detecting and evaluating diagnostic technology from the four aspects of access, collection, communication and evaluation & diagnosis and proposes some feasible solutions to provide a new perspective for further in-depth research.

Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with mesoporous cerium oxide (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @ m CeO 2 ) was fabricated as a novel adsorbent to remove phosphate from water. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and its phosphate removal performance was investigated through the batch adsorption studies. Characterization results confirmed that mesoporous cerium oxide was successfully assembled on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoparticles, and the synthesized adsorbent possessed a typical core-shell structure with a BET surface area of 195 m 2 /g, accessible mesopores of 2.6 nm, and the saturation magnetization of 21.11 emu/g. The newly developed adsorbent had an excellent performance in adsorbing phosphate, and its maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir model was 64.07 mg/g. The adsorption was fast, and the kinetic data could be best fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The phosphate removal decreased with the increase of solution pH (2 to 10), while the higher ionic strength slightly promoted the phosphate adsorption. The presence of Cl − and SO 4 2− could enhance the adsorption of phosphate whereas HCO 3 − had interfering effect on the phosphate adsorption. The adsorption mechanism was studied by analyzing Zeta potential and FTIR spectroscopy, and the results indicated that the replacement of the surface hydroxyl groups by phosphate ions with the formation of inner-sphere complex played a key role in the phosphate adsorption. The spent adsorbent could be quickly separated from aqueous solution with the assistance of the external magnetic field, and the adsorbed phosphate could be effectively desorbed using a 1 mol/L NaOH solution.

It has long been recognized that the plasma membranes (PMs) play significant roles in the transport of ions across PMs, but kinetics of cadmium (Cd) transport between root and shoot via internal membrane system is not clear. Our experimental results showed that Cd2+ flux across the root PMs was well fitted by the Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the high-Cd-accumulation (HCA) variety displayed much higher maximum flux rate (Fmax) than the low-Cd-accumulation (LCA) variety. After Cd2+ was internalized, its flux into shoot PMs was linearly correlated with Cd2+ concentration in soluble fraction (FIII) of root cells. The efflux of Cd2+ across shoot PMs into cell wall was linearly correlated with Cd2+ concentration in shoot FIII. Only little amount of Cd2+ in cytosol was transported into organelles. The HCA variety displayed higher Cd2+ concentrations in FIII of root and shoot cells as well as higher Cd2+ flux rate by trans-cellular pathway than the LCA variety. However, efflux rate across shoot PMs to cell wall in the LCA variety was higher than that in the HCA variety. The low influx across PMs of root cells and high efflux across PMs of shoot cells probably are the special detoxification defense mechanisms of the LCA variety.

Background To illuminate the mechanisms underlying the high-altitude tolerance of Tibetan pig spermatozoa, proteomes of spermatozoa from Tibetan pigs raised in high and low altitudes were compared using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics approach. Results A total of 77 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed DEPs that were predominantly associated with the actin cytoskeleton, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism, and were from 12 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Three subnetworks were significantly enriched and 10 centric proteins were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Relative expression levels of the proteins (ATP5H, CYCS, MYH9 and FN1) were confirmed using Western blotting. Conclusions Our study is the first to use a tandem mass tag (TMT) approach to analyze Tibetan pig spermatozoa, and provides a foundation to understand the mechanisms underlying the reproductive adaptations of Tibetan pigs to high-altitude environments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5873-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background To illuminate the mechanisms underlying the high-altitude tolerance of Tibetan pig spermatozoa, proteomes of spermatozoa from Tibetan pigs raised in high and low altitudes were compared using a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics approach. Results A total of 77 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed DEPs that were predominantly associated with the actin cytoskeleton, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism, and were from 12 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Three subnetworks were significantly enriched and 10 centric proteins were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Relative expression levels of the proteins (ATP5H, CYCS, MYH9 and FN1) were confirmed using Western blotting. Conclusions Our study is the first to use a tandem mass tag (TMT) approach to analyze Tibetan pig spermatozoa, and provides a foundation to understand the mechanisms underlying the reproductive adaptations of Tibetan pigs to high-altitude environments.

the samples collected in the Helan Mountain of Inner Mongolia were studied by Anatomy and molecular biology and found that strain of ascoma was tan, smooth surface, no obvious verrucous protuberance and edges. Gleba of strains was brown, dense, and ivory of vagus veins; Spherical or rod-shaped ascus in honeycomb arrangement contained 1-4 ascospore with package; the surface of ascospore had a protuberant ornamentation and was spherical. Thickness of double wall was about 1.7μm. Diameter of ascospore was 20 microns (including ascospore grain). The molecular evolution analysis shows that the strain was Choiromyces helanshanensis.

Fruit harvesting is one of the most time-consuming and laborious steps in the small berry production chain, many domestic and foreign researchers have carried out deep and extensive researches on the harvesters of the small berries, basically it can achieve automation, high efficiency. Firstly, the mechanism of contact vibration harvesting is analyzed in this paper, and the dynamic equation of the trees vibration system is established. Secondly, the current research status of the existing contact vibration small berry harvester are introduced, and the structure and principle of different harvesting methods, which are rotary vibration type, swing propelled type, self walking type and traction type, are analyzed emphatically. Meanwhile, the problems of small berry harvesting in China are proposed. At last, the achievements of the research in this field and the problems existing in the present stage are analyzed and discussed, and the development direction of future research of small berry harvesting in China is discussed.

Zhao Y.-L., Zhu L.-L., Sun Y., Zhou D.-Q. (2015): Determination of fluoride in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba ) using ion chromatography and its pretreatments selection. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 77–82. A rapid, sensitive and reliable method to quantify fluoride in Antarctic krill has been established. Four different pretreat ment methods were used for the extraction of fluoride: double-deionised water extraction, sulphuric acid distillation, hydrochloric acid extraction, and pH adjustment with buffer after hydrochloric acid extraction. Four methods of com parative analysis revealed that sulphuric acid distillation was suitable preparation for ion chromatography determination of fluoride in Antarctic krill (fluoride content 288.7 ± 10.2 mg/kg). The method was partially validated in linearity, ac curacy, and precision. The linear range was from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/l with the regression coefficient of 0.99998. The accuracy expressed as the recoveries of standard addition ranged from 95.3% to 101.3%, the relative standard deviation ( n = 8) was 1.8–1.9%. With this method, the 3σ limit of detection was 0.06 mg/l of fluoride in Antarctic krill. Our results indicate that the method (limit of quantification 0.2 mg/l) could be well applied for the determination of fluoride in Antarctic krill.

Packet loss rate is an important consideration in the Quality of Service (QoS) measurement for a packet-switched network. The software-defined networking (SDN) technique can conveniently monitor flow statistics. However, the packet loss rate of a link or path cannot be directly measured by inquiring the statistics of an ongoing flow at the starting and ending points because it is impossible to accurately compute and control pairwise sampling moments. In this paper, we propose a two-way link-level packet loss measurement solution for software-defined networks. We solve the flow statistics sampling problem mentioned above by inquiring the statistics of a terminated probe flow. We propose a ring-based packet loss probe structure, which contains every measured directed link once and only once. The proposed probe structure effectively avoids the mutual interference between different probe flows, and thereby improves probe accuracy. The ring is implemented based on the flexible flow match capability of SDN. We further study an optimization problem of ring-based packet loss probe structure that strives to minimize the maximum delay of rings. This optimization problem is very complex, and we approximately solve it using a top-down-top graph partition method. A packet loss positioning method, based on flow statistic inquiries and the symmetry design of the probe ring, is also proposed herein.

The linear two-layer barotropic primitive equations in cylindrical coordinates are used to derive a generalized energy equation, which is subsequently applied to explain the instability of the spiral wave in the model. In the two-layer model, there are not only the generalized barotropic instability and the super high-speed instability, but also some other new instabilities, which fall into the range of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the generalized baroclinic instability, when the upper and lower basic flows are different. They are perhaps the mechanisms of the generation of spiral cloud bands in tropical cyclones as well.

It is difficult to timely predict dynamic loads of green buildings in order to optimize operation of its energy supply systems. In this paper, HCMAC (Hyperball CMAC) neural networks are used to build load prediction models of buildings. The model inputs are outdoor meteorological parameters and the personnel distribution, and outputs cold / heat load and electricity load. A Novel fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is proposed to overcome the drawback that the node number of HCMAC neural network increases exponentially with the increasing of input dimensions, effectively reducing the number of the network nodes, and decreasing the computational burden of neural network parameter learning. Load characteristics of a building are analyzed applying software TRNSYS, and the simulating operation data used for building load models are obtained. Simulation results demonstrated that the presented building load prediction method is an effective data-driven method to be universally applied to modeling of buildings.

In the past 50 years, much research has been conducted on the erosion process. Unfortunately, the observationand measurement procedures necessary to collect data frequently disturbs the process being observed, raising thequestion of whether the measured process is a valid observation of the process of interest. This paper will brieflyexplore areas of erosion research where such has occurred, its effect on the conclusions drawn, and potential changesthat should be made, both in interpretation of data and in collection of new data.

In this paper, a highly robust digital video watermarking technique is given. First of all, the watermark information is encrypted by Arnord transform. Then it is embedded in DCT domain by high-frequency coefficients correlation algorithm in RGB frames of source video file. The field tests indicate that the video file with the watermark information is transparent, and strong anti-aggressive.

The thresholding method is a fundamental part for motion detection and other advanced applications,so this step is very important, it must base on a reliable, effective method in order to access to the robustness of the computer intelligent video surveillance system. A new thresholding method which is simple and effective is proposed in the article. Firstly, we propose an imitating uni-Gaussian model thresholding method for motion detection, aiming at the disadvantages of this algorithm existed in the experiment, a predecessor's research is introduced, and then the second mixed thresholding method based on complementary advantages of the two aforesaid methods is proposed. Experiment results show that our final method can obtain clear and complete information of the moving object, and eliminate noise fundamentally for the scene at the same time. Motion detection with this thresholding method is accurate and real-time.

This paper tries to explain the network structures and methods of single-layer perceptron and multi-layer perceptron. It also analyses the linear division and un-division problems in logical operation performed by single-layer perceptron. XOR is linear un-division operation, which cannot be treated by single-layer perceptron. With the analysis, several solutions are proposed in the paper to solve the problems of XOR. Single-layer perceptron can be improved by multi-layer perceptron, functional perceptron or quadratic function. These solutions are designed and analyzed.