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Wen-Zhao Luo,1,2 Xian Li,2 Xiu-Xia Wu,2 Yi-Wan Shang,1,3 Dan-Hua Meng,1,3 Yu-Long Chen,1,3 Qin-Sheng Zhang2 1School of Basic Medicine (Zhongjing School), Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 45000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatobiliary and Spleen Stomach, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, People’s Republic of China; 3Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 45000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yu-Long Chen, School of Basic Medicine (Zhongjing School), Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 East Jinshui Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 45000, People’s Republic of China, Email chenyulong1977@163.com Qin-Sheng Zhang, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary and Spleen Stomach, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, People’s Republic of China, Email zhangqinsheng0319@163.comBackground: Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide with poor overall prognosis. It is important to study the molecular mechanism of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). MAGED4B, a member of the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family, is highly expressed in many tumor cells and is associated with tumor progression. Its prognostic value in and the function of the encoded protein are still unclear.Methods: The data of 415 STAD tissues was retrieved from TCGA database, and the expression level of MAGED4B mRNA was evaluated. The correlation between the expression of MAGED4B mRNA and the progression free survival (PFS) time of STAD patients was evaluated by Kaplan Meier analysis. The STAD cell lines with overexpressed and silent MAGED4B were constructed, and the effects of MAGED4B on the viability, migration and proliferation were evaluated by the CCK-8, scratch test and EDU test. The flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis with overexpressed and silent MAGED4B under the cisplatin treatment, and WB was used to detect the expressions of related proteins, such as TNF-α.Results: The expression level of MAGED4B mRNA in the STAD tissues was higher than that in the normal tissues, and its high expression was related to poor PFS. The overexpression of MAGED4B in the STAD cell lines can promote the vitality, motility and proliferation of the STAD cells, while the silencing of MAGED4B can inhibit the above three cell functions of the STAD cells. The overexpression of MAGED4B can reduce the cisplatin induced apoptosis and increase the cisplatin IC50; the silencing of MAGED4B can promote the cisplatin induced apoptosis and reduce the cisplatin IC50. The overexpression of MAGED4B reduced the protein levels of TRIM27 and TNF- α.Conclusion: MAGED4B could be a valuable prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for gastric adenocarcinoma of great interest.Keywords: stomach adenocarcinoma, MAGED4B, prognosis, biomarkers

Xuan-Fu-Hua decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine formula widely used for the treatment of inflammation-related disease in the lung and liver. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Xuan-Fu-Hua decoction treatment on liver cancer cells and its mechanism of action.The impact of Xuan-Fu-Hua decoction treatment on the proliferation and apoptosis of SMMC-7721 liver cancer cells with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cotreatment was determined in bothXuan-Fu-Hua decoction alone did not significantly influence SMMC-7721 liver cancer cell growth, but it significantly increased the 5-Fu-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of SMMC-7721 liver cancer cellsXuan-Fu-Hua decoction increased the sensitivity of liver cancer cells to the cytotoxicity of 5-FU treatment, possibly by potentiating cell apoptosis and inhibiting the prosurvival machinery.

The (co)variance components and corresponding phenotypic and genetic parameters for growth traits and wool traits of economic importance were estimated in the Alpine Merino sheep population maintained at Gansu Provincial Sheep Breeding Technology Extension Station in northwestern China. Data from a maximum of 49,474 animals sired by 526 rams and born from 22,531 ewes over 20 years from 2000 to 2019 were used in this study. Birth type, age of dam, birth year, sex and/or management group, and age at measurement were initially fitted as fixed effects in an animal model with various random effects. Genetic groups were defined for all animals by the sire breed and breed genotype interacted with dam-strain flocks and were fitted as one of the random effects. Analyses were conducted using a residual maximum likelihood procedure (ASReml). Seven different animal models were fitted for all traits, and the most appropriate model with relevant random effects was selected through log-likelihood ratio testing. After identifying the appropriate model through single-trait analysis, bivariate analyses were used to obtain the phenotypic and genetic correlations among the traits. The estimates of additive direct heritability for birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), preweaning growth rate (prwADG), postweaning growth rate (powADG), yearling body weight (YWT), average fibre diameter (AFD), greasy fleece weight (GFW), clean fleece weight (CFW), yield (YLD), yearling wool staple length (YSL), coefficient of variation of average fibre diameter (FDcv) and wool visual fineness counts (VFC) were 0.30, 0.18, 0.18, 0.20, 0.29, 0.20, 0.19, 0.20, 0.35, 0.19, 0.16 and 0.13, respectively, with standard errors ranging from 0.02 to 0.05. The corresponding ratios of genetic group variance to additive genetic variance were significant and, respectively, 0.35, 0.80, 0.62, 0.26, 0.13, 1.06, 0.38, 0.64, 0.09, 0.12, 0.06 and 0.58. These results suggest for these traits that there is potential to exploit both the additive genetic variation and between genetic group variation although for most traits the between group variation was smaller than the variation within groups. Favourable genetic correlations were found among the growth traits, and between growth traits and fleece production traits, and among wool traits GFW, CFW, YSL and YLD. This study provides the required estimates of genetic parameters of both growth and wool traits of the new breed for the design of more effective breeding programmes.

As an auxiliary to the electricity market, the traditional frequency regulation market (FRM) lacks reliable data storage ways and direct transaction channels for buyers and sellers, and the cost-sharing method of frequency regulation (FR) service is still unfair. To this end, this article proposes a general and decentralized FRM framework based on multiblockchain techniques. According to the scheduling sequence of transactions, the FR services are divided mainly into before-the-fact transactions (BFTs) and after-the-fact transactions (AFTs). We construct a combinatorial double-auction model for BFTs and propose a novel cost-sharing model based on triggers for AFTs. Taking Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland as an example, we design a consensus algorithm for the on-chain transaction process and cost sharing. Numerical results on both types of transactions show that the proposed auction model can meet the different needs of FR buyers. The proposed sharing method highlights that triggers from frequency events should result in higher costs. The consensus algorithm also improves the fault tolerance and throughput of transactions.

The interface of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) determines their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, the buried bottom surface of a perovskite film is efficiently passivated by using MoS

Solid-state color-saturated blue emitters are an essential part of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and high-definition displays, and lead halide perovskite nanomaterials are one such type of emitter. ...

The multi-energy system (MES) provides a good environment for the local consumption of renewable energy such as wind and solar power because of its high operational flexibility. In the MES, the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of the battery and thermal storage tank plays an important role in enhancing reliability, economics, and operational flexibility. Hence, determining the optimal size of HESS in the MES is a critical problem but has not received enough attention. In light of this problem, this paper focuses on the optimal HESS planning problem in the community MES (CMES) under diverse uncertainties. Firstly, a two-stage stochastic planning model is proposed for the CMES to coordinate the optimal long-term HESS allocation and the short-term system operation. The thermal inertia in the heating network, space heating demand, and domestic hot water demand is utilized to reduce both the planning and operational cost. Secondly, a deterministic equivalence is proposed for the two-stage planning model to convert it into a mixed-integer linear programming model, which is then solved by off-the-shelf solvers. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results reveal that the HESS can enhance the operational flexibility of the CMES but only needs a very few investment costs and prove that the thermal inertia in the CMES can reduce the investment cost of HESS, the fuel, and the operational maintenance cost.

To satisfy the residential cooling demand in tropical large renewable microgrids (MGs), multiple ice-storage air conditionings (IACs) are usually used to supply cold energy. However, these IACs could not directly exchange the cold energy, which seriously limits the combined regulation effect. To address the problem, a novel cooling and power combined supply system (CPCSS) is proposed in this paper, where the trucks are used to distribute the ices among IACs. To evaluate the performance on the multi-time scales, a cooling and power combined supply model is established. On this basis, a two-stage (i.e., day-ahead and real-time stage) scheduling strategy is presented to minimize the MG operation cost. To speed up the solution, this scheduling model is first linearized as a classic mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISCP) problem, and then is solved by Lagrange solution method. Simulation studies on an IEEE 14-node system indicates that compared with the existing MG operation cost, the annual operational cost of the based-two-truck CPCSS could be reduced by 9868800 yuan (12.6%), while the network loss could be decreased from 5.4 to 3.9 MWh. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

The integrated energy system can realize the coupling and complementation of various energy sources such as cold, heat and electricity, and plays an important role in the consumption of renewable energy. This paper proposes a bi-level optimal design method for integrated energy system from both economic and carbon emissions aspects. The upper model aims at maximizing the system economy and optimizes the selection and capacity allocation of renewable energy power generation, storage and conversion equipment to meet the demands in the region. The lower model aims at maximizing the environment-protection performance and minimizes the system’s carbon emissions. Since the lower model contains binary variables to characterize trading states and charging and discharging states, the model cannot be transformed into a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints. To effectively handle this problem, the reformulation and decomposition method is adopted. Case studies show that this bi-level model can effectively consider the influence of the objective function in the lower model on the optimal capacity configuration in the upper model, avoid the influence of different objective weights when the multi-objective model is converted to the single-objective model, and obtain the global optimal solution.

In low latitudes, ice storage air conditioners (ISACs) have been widely used to cool while locally responding to the distribution network demand. However, due to the lack of the direct cold energy exchange between ISACs, the cooling load could only be shifted on the time scale instead of the space scale, resulting in an unsatisfactory regulation result. To address the above problem, this article proposes a novel collaborative expansion planning scheme for integrated cooling and power system. Firstly, to increase the regulation flexibility, a novel cold energy supply system is designed, where ice making stations and trucks are used to produce and deliver ices to multiple terminal ISACs. On this basis, taking the capacity of the wind turbines (WTs), large ice makers (LIMs), and trucks as configuration decisions, an optimal expansion planning model is established considering wind generation uncertainties. This model is converted into a classic mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) problem using linear techniques, and efficiently solved by the Benders decomposition method. Finally, Shapley value method in economics is used to fairly distribute the revenues between the grid operator (GO) and ISAC owners. Simulation studies on IEEE 14-node distribution network indicate the proposed expansion model is effective and beneficial.

The development of integrated electricity and heat system (IEHS) promotes the renewable energy penetration and the complementary coupling between the electric power system (EPS) and the district heat system (DHS). The efficient energy flow calculation (EFC) in the IEHS has become a hotspot as the system scale and complexity increase. This paper firstly constructed the dynamic DHS model using Euler difference scheme. On this basis, the fast decomposed method is proposed to decompose the system with various scales and topologies, which improves the computation efficiency. Moreover, the modification mode is then developed to modify the EFC results in the decomposed systems and ensure the accuracy. Numerical simulation verifies the accuracy of the proposed method and its superiority in computation efficiency.

An activated carbon-supported Cu/ZnO catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol has been prepared by the facile plasma decomposition of a Cu–Zn precursor at moderate temperature. The Cu/ZnO/C catalyst prepared by cold plasma featured smaller size and higher dispersion than that prepared by traditional calcination. The low operation temperature plays an important role in this. The catalysts are characterized using a multitechnique approach. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that cold plasma can introduce specific O-containing groups on the carbon surface. It also facilitates the dispersion of active components and H spillover. H2 temperature-programmed reduction profiles and transmission electron microscopy images show that the interaction between Cu, ZnO, and carbon in the Cu/ZnO/C catalyst prepared by cold plasma was stronger than that in the catalyst prepared by calcination. The properties are beneficial to the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was tested in a fixed-bed reactor. The Cu/ZnO/C catalyst prepared by cold plasma showed an obvious increase in CO2 conversion, methanol selectivity, and productivity in the catalytic evaluation of catalysts. Moreover, it obtained a remarkable space-time yield of 92.5 gmethanol·kgcat–1·h–1 at 260 °C that is approximately 1.5 times that of Cu/ZnO/C prepared by calcination.

The hybrid neural network model proposed in this paper consists of two main parts: extracting local features of text vectors by convolutional neural network, extracting global features related to text context by BiLSTM, and fusing the features extracted by the two complementary models. In this paper, the pre-processed sentences are put into the hybrid neural network for training. The trained hybrid neural network can automatically classify the sentences. When testing the algorithm proposed in this paper, the training corpus is Word2vec. The test results show that the accuracy rate of text categorization reaches 94.2%, and the number of iterations is 10. The results show that the proposed algorithm has high accuracy and good robustness when the sample size is seriously unbalanced.

The pumped storage unit has good adjustment characteristics of a fast power response and convenient start and stop, which provides support for the safe and stable operation of the power system. To this end, this paper proposes a fractional order PID (FOPID) optimization control method for the regional load frequency of pumped-storage power plants. Specifically, based on IEEE standards, this paper established a single-region model of pumped storage. Then, a fractional order PID (FOPID) controller was designed, and the parameters of the controller were optimized via using the chaos particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by example simulation in the two-zone model of the pumped storage based on IEEE standards. The results of the example show that the proposed method exhibits stronger robustness and stability in the regional load frequency control.

Experimental details

Designing an electrocatalyst with excellent performance for both the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in overall water splitting is essential to promote the development of electrolyzed hydrogen production. Defect engineering is a promising method to improve the catalytic performance of target materials. In this study, we used a metal–organic framework as a precursor to establish oxygen-vacancy-rich metal oxide groups supported by a defect-rich carbon framework via calcination. Further, thermal ion exchange was performed to introduce sulfur ions to generate NiCoMnSx−10 with both oxygen vacancies and sulfur defects. Due to the synergistic effect between oxygen vacancies and sulfur defects as well as the good morphology, NiCoMnSx−10 exhibited good catalytic performance at high current densities. The NiCoMnSx−10 cell could achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.506 V and a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of only 1.94 V, which exceeds that of most materials reported to date. Due to the supporting effect of N, S co-doped carbon, the NiCoMnSx−10 cell maintained stable performance during a 100 h operation at high current. This work provides an innovative method for the preparation of highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

The cross-bonding is the most common shield/sheath-bonding system now in use on single-conductor shielded power cables for long distance power transmission. But the complex bonding brings great challenges to the assessment of cable ageing conditions. This paper proposes a non-intrusive ageing assessment method using the transient disturbances originating from the system. The cable relative permittivities, instead of the traditional dielectric loss angle, were extracted from the responses of the transient disturbances to character the ageing state more sensitively. The decoupling analysis of the cross-bonded cable and the corresponding relative permittivity identification model were investigated. Since the transient disturbances appear naturally and frequently, a continuous tracking of the cable ageing conditions can be established without interferences to the power system. Moreover, only the magnitudes rather than the phase angles of the cable currents/voltages are required in this method, which effectively simplifies the functions of the signal acquisition devices. The proposed method provides a new idea to assess the ageing conditions of the cross-bonded cables, and has the potential to be applied in industry.

Formation of a non-emissive wide bandgap CsPb2Br5 component often accompanies the synthesis of CsPbBr3 perovskites, introducing undesired energy states and impeding the charge transport. Here, we demonstrate that a small amount of a methanol additive can promote the CsBr release rate, facilitating CsPbBr3 formation and suppressing CsPb2Br5 formation. Some of the methanol ionizes into CH5O+ and CH3O−, which act as surface ligands and change the crystallization environment, inducing shape evolution from spherical nanocrystals to rectangular nanoplatelets (NPLs), leading to monodispersed and phase-pure 8 unit-cell-thick CsPbBr3 NPLs. Meanwhile, nonradiative recombination processes are inhibited as a result of NPL surface passivation. Bright CsPbBr3 NPLs with a photoluminescence quantum yield reaching 90% were employed as emitters for electroluminescent light-emitting devices.

Deep trackers have proven success in visual tracking. Typically, these trackers employ optimally pre-trained deep networks to represent all diverse objects with multi-channel features from some fixed layers. The deep networks employed are usually trained to extract rich knowledge from massive data used in object classification and so they are capable to represent generic objects very well. However, these networks are too complex to represent a specific moving object, leading to poor generalization as well as high computational and memory costs. This paper presents a novel and general framework termed channel distillation to facilitate deep trackers. To validate the effectiveness of channel distillation, we take discriminative correlation filter (DCF) and ECO for example. We demonstrate that an integrated formulation can turn feature compression, response map generation, and model update into a unified energy minimization problem to adaptively select informative feature channels that improve the efficacy of tracking moving objects on the fly. Channel distillation can accurately extract good channels, alleviating the influence of noisy channels and generally reducing the number of channels, as well as adaptively generalizing to different channels and networks. The resulting deep tracker is accurate, fast, and has low memory requirements. Extensive experimental evaluations on popular benchmarks clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of our framework.

Under the environment of fierce market competition and the upgrading of the power market, the integrated energy service industry will gradually become a new trend in future power development. Integrated energy online e-commerce service is a key component of future grid smart energy, and it is also an important way for the transition of energy sources from grid energy integration services to multi-energy service providers' competitive supply strategy transformation. An effective integrated energy service recommendation method plays an important role for integrated energy companies to occupy an advantageous position in the energy competition. According to the user's interest characteristics and the user's behavior data in the system, this paper analyzes the user's interest preferences. Part of the data is taken to establish a user interest map and perform spectral clustering, and the clustered data is imported into the random forest model for scoring prediction training. Part of the data is taken to establish a user interest map and perform spectral clustering, and the clustered data is imported into the random forest model for scoring prediction training.

Background: Ropivacaine hydrochloride (RH) is a local anesthetic and frequently used for perioperative anesthesia and analgesia; but it has potential neurotoxicity, especially when intrathecally used repeatedly for a long time, although the exact mechanism is unclear.Methods: In this study, the expression of Factor associated suicide receptor (Fas) and its ligand (FasL) in the spinal cord cells was detected in rats receiving repeated intrathecal injection of RH. The paw mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) was measured before and 3 days after intrathecal cannulation and 24 h after intrathecal administration. Rats received intrathecal injection of 0.5%, 1%, 2% RH at 0.12 ml/kg or saline of equal volume alone. Intrathecal injection was done 8 times with an interval of 1.5h in 12 h. The spinal cord was collected for pathological examination; TUNEL staining was used to assess the apoptosis in the spinal cord and the expression of Fas, FasL, caspase-3, and caspase-8 was detected by qPCR and Western blotting.Results: 1% and 2% RH groups significantly increased the MWT (PPConclusions: Repeated intrathecal administration of RH may cause damage to the spinal cord and induce apoptosis in the spinal cord via up-regulating Fas/FasL expression.

Formation of a non-emissive wide bandgap CsPb

In this work, a cooling strategy, which employs focused ultrasound in air to cool small solid heat sources, is proposed and its characteristics are investigated. Analyses of the FEM computational and experimental results indicate that the cooling effect results from a forced convective heat transfer generated by the acoustic streaming at the focal region. By this cooling method, the heat flux is increased by 150 % and Nusselt number is doubled approximately for an ellipsoidal heat source made of Pt wire with a surface area of 6.44 mm2 and temperature of 100 °C, compared to natural convection. It is experimentally demonstrated that employing the flexural vibration mode of the acoustic lens is critical in the cooling device design, and increasing the vibration velocity and working frequency properly can further enhance the cooling effect. The method is also effective to a disc heat source with a surface diameter of 9 mm. Compared with the axial-fan cooling, the method proposed in this work does not use a rotary part (thus no dust accumulation, silent operation and ease of miniaturization) and has a faster cooling response.

When combining very different images which often contain complex objects and backgrounds, producing consistent compositions is a challenging problem requiring seamless image editing. In this paper, we propose a general approach, called object-aware image editing, to obtain consistency in structure, color, and texture in a unified way. Our approach improves upon previous gradient-domain composition in three ways. Firstly, we introduce an iterative optimization algorithm to minimize mismatches on the boundaries when the target region contains multiple objects of interest. Secondly, we propose a mixed-domain consistency metric for measuring gradients and colors, and formulate composition as a unified minimization problem that can be solved with a sparse linear system. In particular, we encode texture consistency using a patch-based approach without searching and matching. Thirdly, we adopt an object-aware approach to separately manipulate the guidance gradient fields for objects of interest and backgrounds of interest, which facilitates a variety of seamless image editing applications. Our unified method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in preserving global texture consistency in addition to local structure continuity.

A series of polysulfone membranes with different pore structures were prepared and characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Two parameters, the membrane resistance and capacitance, were analyzed from the EIS data according to an equivalent circuit. It was found that the characteristic frequency obtained from the EIS data without any fitting was perfectly equivalent to the fitted parameters from theoretical calculations. Moreover, an additional time constant was observed under relatively low electrolyte concentration. This could be attributed to the capacitance response of the electrolyte at low electrolyte concentration and high frequency. The effect of electrolyte concentration on the impedance spectra of polysulfone membranes was then studied in detail, which can provide guidance for the selection of electrolyte concentration for efficient EIS analysis of membrane materials.

Carbon cycle in coastal water is a significant dynamic component of global carbon budget, however, the diverse sources, carbon sinks and their complex interactions remained poorly understood. In order to detect the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and their interactions, gas-liquid Raman spectroscopy was built and applied to simultaneously detect the constituents of air, dissolved CO2, HCO3- and chlorophyll in coastal water. The linear fitting curve between peak intensity and concentration was built for the quantitative analysis of HCO3- and CO2, meanwhile, the fluorescence peaks of chlorophyll at 679 nm were detected for the qualitative analysis. For the multi-components analysis, typical Raman spectra of the constituents of air, dissolved CO2, HCO3- in seawater, and the fluorescence spectra of chlorophyll in seawater were detected. Results showed that the time dependent change of CO2 and O2 in the air exhibited a contrary tendency, while that of dissolved CO2 and O2 was curved like a cosine. The changing tendency of relative concentrations of dissolved CO2 was about 2 h earlier than CO2 in air, due to the life activity of microorganisms driving the gas exchange at the air-sea interface. Furthermore, the study makes a study on the relationship between DIC and chlorophyll based on the detection of HCO3- and chlorophyll in coastal water, indicating that this gas-liquid Raman spectroscopy could successfully provide real-time analysis of multicomponent DIC in the air-sea exchanging process.

Combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) microgrid has the advantage of high energy utilization efficiency. The fluctuation of renewable energy sources and multiple load demands challenges the economic operation of CCHP microgrid. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage coordinated control approach for CCHP microgrid energy management, which consists of two stages: the economic dispatching stage (EDS) and the real-time adjusting stage (RTAS). In EDS, it utilizes a model predictive control incorporating piecewise linear efficiency curves to schedule the operation based on the forecast information. In RTAS, the schedule obtained in EDS is adjusted based on the real-time information to tackle the power fluctuations. A typical-structure CCHP microgrid is analyzed in the case study and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed two-stage coordinated control approach.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been shown to be potential drug carriers for cancer therapy. The inherently low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity of human-derived CPPs make them more suitable for intracellular drug delivery compared to other delivery vehicles. In this work, the protein transduction ability of a novel CPP (termed HBP) derived from the heparin-binding domain of HB-EGF was evaluated. Our data shows, for the first time, that HBP possesses similar properties to typical CPPs and is a potent drug delivery vector for improving the antitumor activity of impermeable MAP30. The intrinsic bioactivities of recombinant MAP30-HBP were well preserved compared to those of free MAP30. Furthermore, HBP conjugated to the C-terminus of MAP30 promoted the cellular uptake of recombinant MAP30-HBP. Moreover, the fusion of HBP to MAP30 gave rise to significantly enhanced cytotoxic effects in all of the tumor cell lines tested. In HeLa cells, this cytotoxicity was mainly caused by the induction of cell apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that HBP enhanced MAP30-induced apoptosis through the activation of the mitochondrial- and death receptor-mediated signaling pathways. In addition, the MAP30-HBP fusion protein caused more HeLa cells to become arrested in S phase compared to MAP30 alone. These results highlight the MAP30-HBP fusion protein as a promising drug candidate for cancer therapy and demonstrate HBP, a novel CPP derived from human HB-EGF, as a new potential vector for antitumor drug delivery. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The increasingly stringent regulations on automobile exhaust emission make it more and more important to study and improve the in-cylinder purification technology for gasoline engine. In the process, it is the core technology that using the three-dimensional CFD coupled chemical reaction kinetic mechanism to analyze the combustion and initial emission in the engine cylinder. Furthermore, the key point of this method is to develop high accuracy chemical reaction mechanism. Based on the physical and chemical properties of domestic 92# gasoline, this paper built a new model of multi-component alternative fuel, and then constructed and optimized the combustion chemical reaction mechanism according to the composition of alternative fuel. The results showed that physical and chemical characteristics of the domestic 92# gasoline are consistent with those of the alternative fuel consisted of iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene, diisobutylene (DIB) and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) by the percentage of 26%, 20%, 37.5%, 10.5% and 6%. The combustion reaction mechanism for multi-component alternative fuel includes 135 species and 635 elementary reactions. It can accurately predict the ignition delay time and flame propagation speed, and also can calculate the in-cylinder pressure and temperature in combustion process. This reaction mechanism can be used for in-cylinder three-dimensional combustion and initial emission simulation.

The pumped storage power station has the characteristics of frequency-phase modulation, energy saving, and economy, and has great development prospects and application value. In order to cope with the large-scale integration and intermittency of renewable energy and improve the ability of pumped storage units to participate in power grid frequency modulation, this paper proposed a load frequency control (LFC) strategy for pumped storage units based on linear active disturbance rejection technology. Firstly, based on the operating characteristics of the pumped storage power station, the LFC model of the two-area reheat steam turbine under nonlinear conditions such as governor dead zone and generation rate constrains was established. Secondly, a second-order linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) was designed. The feasibility and control performance of the proposed LFC system were quantitatively analyzed through simulation. The results show that the LADRC has better control effect and stronger robustness than fractional-order proportion integration differentiation (FOPID) and traditional proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller. Finally, the pumped storage power station was added, and it was found that it has better correction performance under both generating and pumping operations, which greatly improved the dynamic response of secondary frequency modulation.

With renewable generation resources and multiple load demands increasing, the combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) microgrid energy management system has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency and low emissions. In order to realize the integration of substation resources and solve the problems of inaccurate, random, volatile and intermittent load forecasting, we propose a three-stage coordinated optimization scheduling strategy for a CCHP microgrid. The strategy contains three stages: a day-ahead economic scheduling stage, an intraday rolling optimization stage, and a real-time adjustment stage. Forecasting data with different accuracy at different time scales were used to carry out multilevel coordination and gradually improve the scheduling plan. A case study was used to verify that the proposed scheduling strategy can mitigate and eliminate the load forecasting error of renewable energy (for power balance and scheduling economy).

NOTE: see pdf for symbols. The carbon in the ocean mainly remains in the system of the carbon dioxide and carbonate, the existence form of it including CO2,H2O3, HCO3−, CO2/3− and so on. pCO2 as the main parameter which need usually measured in the study of the system of the carbon dioxide and carbonate in the ocean, its mainly analysis methods is usually using infrared spectrum technology. In addition, about the HCO3 −dissolved in seawater, there is lacking of in-suit measurement equipment to study at present. Based on the above needs, in this paper, we using Raman spectroscopy technology to study the in-suit detection for the dissolved CO2 and HCO3- in seawater. We build a near-concentric cavity gas-liquid Raman spectroscopy combined detection system, the system mainly consists of the following three components: the detection optical of the gas, the detection optical of the liquid and the gas liquid separator. The field detection experimental took place in the Zhongyuan Wharf of Qingdao on December 1 ~ 2, 2016 (E 120.302° , S 36.053°). According to the analysis based on the results of the experiments, the Raman signal of N2 ,O2, CO2 and SO2/4−, HCO3− dissolved in seawater were detected in the trial, at the same time the fluorescence signal of CDOM(Colored Dissolved Organic Matter) and chlorophyll had also been detected with the same system. The field experiment results demonstrated that near-concentric cavity gas-liquid Raman spectroscopy combined detection system has great potential to study the system of carbon dioxide and carbonate in seawater. However, considering the ingredients of seawater is very complex and the effect of seawater (especially the interference from fluorescence matter), after further research on the sensitivity improved and data processing, it is hope to apply the system to the quantitative detection in seawater.

In this paper, graphene was introduced in the PVDF to improve the thermal stability of the pore structure, which is the key feature for the membrane applied for the thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC) process. The PVDF/graphene composite membranes were characterized by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a water contact angle measurement, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the composite membranes exhibited improved surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, the pores in pure PVDF membrane would expand during the heat process while the existence of graphene in PVDF clearly suppressed the expansion, which implied better thermal stability of the pores in the composite membrane. According to the pore deformation time, the heat conductivities of the membranes were calculated and compared with each other. It confirmed that the composite membrane with higher graphene content exhibited enhanced heat conductivity. EIS can be used to monitor the temperature dependence of the pore structure in aqueous environments.

Recent deep neural networks have achieved impressive performance in image classification. However, these networks are sensitive to the attack of adversarial examples, leading to a sharp drop in accuracy. To address this issue, this paper proposes a learning approach to improve the robustness by distilling deep neural networks with soft decision trees. This approach learns a decision tree in a softening manner by jointly using data and the predictions of a well-trained deep neural network. In this way, the resulting soft decision tree can distil the knowledge from deep neural network when preserving the efficiency of decision tree. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has better robustness again adversarial examples than deep neural networks and decision trees.

It has been shown that local anesthetics have potential neurotoxicity, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of ropivacaine mesylate (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mmol/L) for 24 h, the cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Then, cells in 0.5 mmol/L ropivacaine group, 2 mmol/L ropivacaine group and control group were subjected to morphological observation under a light microscope, assessment of cell necrosis by Hoechst33342/PI staining and apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and the detection of Fas and FasL expression by qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results showed that the cell viability decreased significantly (P