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Strain capacity is an important performance indicator for designing and evaluating high-grade steel pipelines. Due to the inhomogeneity of material properties in welded structures, girth welds are one of the main factors that restrict the strain capacity of pipelines. In this paper, girth-welded pipes with cracks in the inner surface of the weld have been studied, and the ductile crack initiation and propagation behavior have been simulated using the Gurson model. The corresponding nominal strain at the onset of crack initiation was defined as the characteristic value of strain capacity. The influencing factors on the strain concentration area, strain concentration factor, and strain capacity of girth-welded pipes were quantitatively analyzed. A semiempirical calculation formula for the strain capacity of typical girth-welded X80 grade pipes has been proposed as a function of the crack size, mismatch coefficient of the weld, and softening degree of the heat affected zone (HAZ). This study can facilitate the defect assessment of girth-welded pipes.

Liang, Rui-Ru, Zhang, Sheng-Nan, Liu, Jian-Kui (2023): Bambusicola autumnalis sp. nov., a bambusicolous ascomycete from Sichuan province, China. Phytotaxa 601 (3): 203-211, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.1

Bambusicola autumnalis R.R. Liang, S.N. Zhang and Jian K. Liu, sp. nov. MycoBank: 847551; FIGURE 2. Etymology: —The epithet “ autumnalis ” refers to the season “autumn” when the fungus was collected. Holotype:—HKAS 126508 Saprobic on dead bamboo branches. Sexual morph: Ascostromata solitary to gregarious, rarely scattered, immersed to erumpent, pseudostromatic, visible as bumped areas with cracks and a central black minute papilla, in vertical section conical to subglobose, ostiolate, periphysate, individual locules 190–325 μm high, 215–295 μm diam (x = 280 × 250 µm, n = 10). Peridium 19–43 μm, composed of several layers of thick-walled, brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 1–1.9 μm wide, trabecular pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing, hyaline, remotely septate. Asci 52–102 × 8–17 µm (x = 71 × 12 µm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, long cylindric-clavate, shortly pedicellate, apically rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 22–30 × 4.5–7 µm (x = 27 × 5 µm, n = 30), overlapping bi-seriate or multi-seriate, fusiform, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, guttulate, smooth-walled, surrounded by a thin, inconspicuous mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics:—Colonies on PDA reaching 28–32 mm after 4 weeks incubated at 25 °C in dark, circular, dry, mycelium velvety, milky white to pale yellow, reverse yellow to light brown. Material examined:— CHINA, Sichuan province, Chengdu city, Chengdu Botanical Garden, 30°76.48’ N, 104°13.03’ E, 516 m elevation, on dead branches of bamboo in a terrestrial environment, 21 Nov. 2022, R.R. Liang, (HKAS 126508, holotype), ex-holotype living culture CGMCC 3.24280; ibid., HUEST 23.0001, isotype, ex-isotype living culture UESTCC 23.0001. Notes:—Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that our isolates belong to Bambusicola and are closely related to B. guttulata (FIGURE 1). However, it is not able to compare their morphology as the latter species only represented by a coelomycetous asexual morph. Nevertheless, Bambusicola autumnalis differs from B. guttulata in their nucleotide sequences, viz. SSU (6/950), ITS (44/450), LSU (17/800), RPB2 (73/993) and TEF1-α (49/959), respectively. Morphologically, Bambusicola autumnalis resembles B. loculata in having stromatic ascomata, 8-spored, cylindric asci, and narrowly fusiform, 1-septate ascospores surrounded by an inconspicuous sheath (Dai et al. 2015). However, they have different dimensions of asci (52–102 × 8–17 μm vs. 80–105 × 8–13 μm) and ascospores (22–30 × 4.5–7 µm vs. 22–26.5 × 5–6), and the bumped ascostromata with cracks of B. autumnalis also differs from B. loculata. Moreover, the two species are phylogenetically distinct (FIGURE 1)., Published as part of Liang, Rui-Ru, Zhang, Sheng-Nan & Liu, Jian-Kui, 2023, Bambusicola autumnalis sp. nov., a bambusicolous ascomycete from Sichuan province, China, pp. 203-211 in Phytotaxa 601 (3) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8141736, {"references":["Dai, D. Q., Bahkali, A. H., Li, W. J., Bhat, D. J., Zhao, R. L. & Hyde, K. D. (2015) Bambusicola loculata sp. nov. (Bambusicolaceae) from bamboo. Phytotaxa 213 (2): 122 - 130. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 213.2.5"]}

The impact of warming and wetting on the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) underthe background of climate change has been a concern of the global scientific community. In this paper, the optimizedinterpolation variational correction approach is adopted for the analysis of monthly high-resolution satellite precipitationproducts and observations from meteorological stations during the past 20 years. As a result, the corrected precipitationproducts can not only supplement the“blank area”of precipitation observation stations on the TP, but also improve theaccuracy of the original satellite precipitation products. The precipitation over the TP shows different spatial changes inthe vegetation growing season, known as the time from May to September. The precipitation in the vegetation growingseason and leaf area index (LAI) in the following month show a similar change pattern, indicating a“one-month lag”response of LAI to precipitation on the TP. Further analysis illustrates the influence of water vapor transport driven bythe Asian summer monsoon. Water vapor derived from trans-equatorial air flows across the Indian Ocean and ArabianSea is strengthened, leading to the increase of precipitation in the central and northern TP, where the trend of warmingand wetting and the increase of vegetation tend to be more obvious. By contrast, as a result of the weakening trend ofwater vapor transport in the middle and low levels in southern TP, the precipitation decreases, and the LAI shows adowntrend, which inhibits the warming and wetting ecological environment in this area.

A 61-year-old man developed severe swelling in the left lower extremity after interventional embolization of liver tumor. Ultrasound examination showed a pseudoaneurysm and thrombosis in the upper thigh on the left. To recognize the causes and determine the effective therapy, lower extremity arteriography was performed. The results revealed a pseudoaneurysm arised from deep femoral artery. Considering of the size of cavity and symptoms of patient, a new method was tried instead of traditional treatment using PROGLIDE device. Postoperative angiography showed a powerful blocking effect. This case study provide us a specific treatment for pseudoaneurysm, and this method provide us a new therapeutic strategy in clinical practice.

International audience; The output of bio-based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been growing rapidly with a substantial increase of developments both in academic and industrial research areas in the past decade, which is due to its water solubility, plasticity, and degradability. However, PVA is highly flammable with a limiting oxygen index of only 19% owning to its inherent macromolecular structure composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The demand for flame retardancy of PVA has been increased rapidly and is generally satisfied by introducing flame retardants via chemical grafting, physical blending, and coating. This review summarizes the flame retardants applied in PVA and their influence on the flammability and mechanical properties of PVA materials. The type of flame retardant additives and their application technologies for various PVA products are presented in terms of various PVA products, such as films, aerogel, fibers, foams, and bulk composites. The films dominate the whole research of flame retardant PVA materials owing to their widespread application. The fire performance and flame retardant mechanism are compared and discussed. Additionally, PVA acted as an assistant agent in some polymeric flame-retardant formulations is also discussed and reviewed.

Cinchona alkaloids are natural products extracted from cinchona plants, which contain quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine. During the past 30 years, due to their attractive structural properties, these compounds have been used as chiral skeletons and organocatalysts in asymmetric organic synthesis. In this review, we summarize the applications of cinchona alkaloids derivatives in asymmetric catalysis recently developed by our group, including oxidation, reduction, and C-C bonds formation. These studies have solved some of the problems with the various asymmetric reactions discussed, while also enriching alkaloids chemistry, providing new ideas for the design and synthesis of chiral catalysts, and providing abundant experimental data for the chiral induction process.

The effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of plain-woven SiC/SiC composites at 927 °C and 1200 °C in argon were evaluated through tensile tests at room temperature and at elevated temperature on the as-received and heat-treated plain-woven SiC/SiC composites, respectively. Heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of composites at room temperature due to the release of thermal residual stress. Although heat treatment can damage the fiber, the effect of this damage on the mechanical properties of composites is generally less than the effect of thermal residual stress. Heat treatment will graphitize the pyrolytic carbon interface and reduce its shear strength. Testing temperature will affect the expansion or contraction of the components in the composites, thereby changing the stress state of the components. This study can provide guidance for the optimization of processing of ceramic matrix composites and the structural design in high-temperature environments.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jva-10.1177_11297298231159177 for Addition of cyanoacrylate adhesive improves the strength of catheter securement and integrity of transparent dressing: Results from an in vitro test model by Sheng Zhang, Nastassia Price and Amanda Guido in The Journal of Vascular Access

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures.

Supplemental Material for Reduced circulating Tregs and positive pANCA were robustly associated with the occurrence of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by Jia Wang, Hong-Xia Guo, Ting Cheng, Lei Shi, Sheng-Xiao Zhang and Xiao-Feng Li in Lupus.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jva-10.1177_11297298231159177 for Addition of cyanoacrylate adhesive improves the strength of catheter securement and integrity of transparent dressing: Results from an in vitro test model by Sheng Zhang, Nastassia Price and Amanda Guido in The Journal of Vascular Access

Supplemental Material for Treatment with paraquat affects the expression of ferroptosis-related genes by Xiaogang Ge, Qiqi Cai, Sheng Zhang, Xianlong Wu, Pan Ying, Jingjing Ke, and Zhihui Yang in Human & Experimental Toxicology

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-jva-10.1177_11297298231159177 for Addition of cyanoacrylate adhesive improves the strength of catheter securement and integrity of transparent dressing: Results from an in vitro test model by Sheng Zhang, Nastassia Price and Amanda Guido in The Journal of Vascular Access

Motivated by the recent experimental progress in the $ Λ_c $ decay that contains a neutron in the final state, we analyze the semileptonic decay $ Λ_c \rightarrow n \ell ν_\ell $ in the framework of QCD sum rules. The transition form factors are analytically computed using three-point correlation functions and the Cutkosky cutting rules, which can be extrapolated into the physical region by employing the dipole parametrization. The branching fractions of $ Λ_c \rightarrow n e^+ ν_e $ and $ Λ_c \rightarrow n μ^+ ν_μ $ are estimated to be $ (0.280\pm 0.031)\%$ and $ (0.274\pm 0.030)\% $, respectively. Furthermore, we calculate as well the relevant decay asymmetry observables sensitive to new physics beyond the standard model. The numerical results of semileptonic decays $ Λ_c \rightarrow Λ\ell ν_\ell $ are also given and confronted to the latest experimental data., 17 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, including health applications. In this paper, we study how LLMs can be used to scale biomedical knowledge curation. We find that while LLMs already possess decent competency in structuring biomedical text, by distillation into a task-specific student model through self-supervised learning, substantial gains can be attained over out-of-box LLMs, with additional advantages such as cost, efficiency, and white-box model access. We conduct a case study on adverse drug event (ADE) extraction, which is an important area for improving care. On standard ADE extraction evaluation, a GPT-3.5 distilled PubMedBERT model attained comparable accuracy as supervised state-of-the-art models without using any labeled data. Despite being over 1,000 times smaller, the distilled model outperformed its teacher GPT-3.5 by over 6 absolute points in F1 and GPT-4 by over 5 absolute points. Ablation studies on distillation model choice (e.g., PubMedBERT vs BioGPT) and ADE extraction architecture shed light on best practice for biomedical knowledge extraction. Similar gains were attained by distillation for other standard biomedical knowledge extraction tasks such as gene-disease associations and protected health information, further illustrating the promise of this approach.

The open-ended Visual Question Answering (VQA) task requires AI models to jointly reason over visual and natural language inputs using world knowledge. Recently, pre-trained Language Models (PLM) such as GPT-3 have been applied to the task and shown to be powerful world knowledge sources. However, these methods suffer from low knowledge coverage caused by PLM bias -- the tendency to generate certain tokens over other tokens regardless of prompt changes, and high dependency on the PLM quality -- only models using GPT-3 can achieve the best result. To address the aforementioned challenges, we propose RASO: a new VQA pipeline that deploys a generate-then-select strategy guided by world knowledge for the first time. Rather than following the de facto standard to train a multi-modal model that directly generates the VQA answer, RASO first adopts PLM to generate all the possible answers, and then trains a lightweight answer selection model for the correct answer. As proved in our analysis, RASO expands the knowledge coverage from in-domain training data by a large margin. We provide extensive experimentation and show the effectiveness of our pipeline by advancing the state-of-the-art by 4.1% on OK-VQA, without additional computation cost. Code and models are released at http://cogcomp.org/page/publication_view/1010, Comment: Accepted to ACL 2023 Findings

We present a scalable machine learning (ML) framework for predicting intensive properties and particularly classifying phases of many-body systems. Scalability and transferability are central to the unprecedented computational efficiency of ML methods. In general, linear-scaling computation can be achieved through the divide and conquer approach, and the locality of physical properties is key to partitioning the system into sub-domains that can be solved separately. Based on the locality assumption, ML model is developed for the prediction of intensive properties of a finite-size block. Predictions of large-scale systems can then be obtained by averaging results of the ML model from randomly sampled blocks of the system. We show that the applicability of this approach depends on whether the block-size of the ML model is greater than the characteristic length scale of the system. In particular, in the case of phase identification across a critical point, the accuracy of the ML prediction is limited by the diverging correlation length. The two-dimensional Ising model is used to demonstrate the proposed framework. We obtain an intriguing scaling relation between the prediction accuracy and the ratio of ML block size over the spin-spin correlation length. Implications for practical applications are also discussed., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures

Additional file 1.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. NLRP3 is upregulated in HBE while remains unchanged in A549 and H446. (A) Western blotting showing the protein level of NLRP3, CASP1 cleavage and GSDMD cleavage were increased after radiation in HBE (n = 3). (B) Western blotting showing the protein level of NLRP3 is not upregulated in A549 and H446 (n = 3). Figure S2. ELISA results of IL-18 in supernatant of BEAS-2B, H446, A549 and H460 at different time point after radiation (n = 3). Figure S3. qRT-PCR showing the increase of mRNA level of NLRP3, CASP1, IL-1β and GSDMD expression after radiation were inhibited in BEAS-2B transfected with NLRP3 siRNA (n = 3). Bar graphs show the mean ± SEM; ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. SEM: standard error of mean; ns: not significant. Figure S4. MCC950 inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells. (A) CCK-8 assay was performed to measure the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of MCC950 (n = 3). (B) MCC950 significantly decreased the colony formation ability of H446 and A549 (n = 3). (C) MCC950 inhibited the proliferation ability of H446 and A549 (n = 3). Bar graphs show the mean ± SEM; **P < 0.01. SEM: standard error of mean. Figure S5. Radiation induced intracellular ROS accumulation triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HBE. (A) Flow cytometry of the intracellular ROS level at 6h post radiation pretreated with or without NAC in HBE (n = 3). (B) Western blotting showing the protein level of NLRP3, ASC, CASP1 cleavage and GSDMD cleavage were inhibited pretreated with NAC after radiation in HBE (n = 3). Bar graphs show the mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. ROS: reactive oxygen species; NAC: N-acetyl-l-cysteine; SEM: standard error of mean. Figure S6. The ROS and DPYSL4 levels are increased in irradiated lung tissue of mice. (A) The ROS levels were increased in RILI (n = 5). (B) Representative images of IHC staining for DPYSL4 in lung tissue after radiation (n = 5). Bar graphs show the mean ± SEM. ****P < 0.0001. ROS: reactive oxygen species; SEM: standard error of mean. Figure S7. IL-1β promotes the proliferation, migration, and activation of MEF. (A) Microscopy images of HLF and MEF. Scale bar, 100 μm. (B) Western blotting showing the protein level of COL1A1, α-SMA, TIMP-1 and MMP-3 in MEF after IL-1β treatment for 24h (n = 3). (C) Representative microscopy images of transwell assay showing IL-1β promoted the migration of MEF (n = 3). (D) EdU assay showing IL-1β promoted the proliferation of MEF (n = 3). HLF: primary human fibroblast; MEF: primary mouse embryonic fibroblast. Figure S8. Gel electrophoresis was performed to confirm the knockout of IL1R of mice (n = 3). H2O, no template control group. B6, C57BL/6N wild type mice. 12&13, IL1R−/− mice.

Large language models (LLMs) encode parametric knowledge about world facts and have shown remarkable performance in knowledge-driven NLP tasks. However, their reliance on parametric knowledge may cause them to overlook contextual cues, leading to incorrect predictions in context-sensitive NLP tasks (e.g., knowledge acquisition tasks). In this paper, we seek to assess and enhance LLMs' contextual faithfulness in two aspects: knowledge conflict and prediction with abstention. We demonstrate that LLMs' faithfulness can be significantly improved using carefully designed prompting strategies. In particular, we identify opinion-based prompts and counterfactual demonstrations as the most effective methods. Opinion-based prompts reframe the context as a narrator's statement and inquire about the narrator's opinions, while counterfactual demonstrations use instances containing false facts to improve faithfulness in knowledge conflict situations. Neither technique requires additional training. We conduct experiments on three datasets of two standard NLP tasks, machine reading comprehension and relation extraction, and the results demonstrate significant improvement in faithfulness to contexts., Comment: Code and data will be released at https://github.com/wzhouad/context-faithful-llm

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jva-10.1177_11297298231159177 for Addition of cyanoacrylate adhesive improves the strength of catheter securement and integrity of transparent dressing: Results from an in vitro test model by Sheng Zhang, Nastassia Price and Amanda Guido in The Journal of Vascular Access

Additional file 2: Table S1. The primer sequences used in qRT-PCR. Table S2. Primer sequence of IL1R mutant and wild type.

Background: As a known key phrase extraction algorithm, TextRank is an analogue of PageRank algorithm, which relied heavily on the statistics of term frequency in the manner of co-occurrence analysis. Objective: The frequency-based characteristic made it a neck-bottle for performance enhancement, and various improved TextRank algorithms were proposed in the recent years. Most of improvements incorporated semantic information into key phrase extraction algorithm and achieved improvement. Method: In this research, taking both syntactic and semantic information into consideration, we integrated syntactic tree algorithm and word embedding and put forward an algorithm of Word Embedding and Syntactic Information Algorithm (WESIA), which improved the accuracy of the TextRank algorithm. Results: By applying our method on a self-made test set and a public test set, the result implied that the proposed unsupervised key phrase extraction algorithm outperformed the other algorithms to some extent.

Gut microbiota community shift with coronary artery disease (CAD) has been reported in several limited cohorts during the past several years. However, whether the enriched or decreased microbiota taxa with CAD can be reproducible deserves further investigation and validation. In this study, 78 human subjects were recruited. Of these, 19 were diagnosed without stenosis in coronary artery (control group, referred to herein as Ctrl), 14 with stenosis less than 50% (LT50), and 45 with stenosis greater than 50% (GT50). Fecal samples were collected and DNA was extracted to perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were analyzed to identify taxa specific to different groups; next, multivariate logistic regression was employed to test whether the defined taxa could independently predict CAD risk. We found that Deltaproteobacteria, Fusobacterium, Bilophila, Actinomyces, and Clostridium XIX were enriched in Ctrl; Prevotellaceae, Parabacteriodes, and Butyricicoccus were enriched in LT50; and Roseburia and Butyricimonas were enriched in GT50. Further analysis revealed that increased populations of Deltaproteobacteria, Fusobacterium, Bilophila, and Desulfovibrionaceae were associated with a 0.26-fold, 0.21-fold, 0.18-fold, and 0.26-fold decreased risk of CAD, respectively (p

Metarhizium macrosemiae M.J. Chen & B. Huang, sp. nov. Fig. 2. MycoBank MB 845475 Etymology:— The epithet refers to its original host, an adult of cicada (Macrosemia). Typification:— CHINA. Anhui Province: Guniujiang Nature Preserve, 29º59ˊ– 30º6ˊN, 117º15′– 117º34ˊE, on adult of Macrosemia (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) attached to upper side of dicot. leaf in forest, 12 Aug 2020, Y. Lin, T. Wang & M.J. Chen (holotype no. GNJ20200812 -01; ex-type culture no. RCEF 6696, isolated from conidia. Preserved in Research Center for Entomogenous Fungi (RCEF)). GenBank (RCEF6696): ITS = MW718317, SSU = MW718233; LSU = MW718259; TEF = MW723113; RPB1 = 723144; RPB2 = 723164. Known distribution:— Guniujiang Nature Preserve, Anhui, China. Description:— Specimens found on adult cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). The head and internodal membrane of the host insect were covered with white to pale or light green mycelium and powdery cream to green sporulating conidiophores. Synnemata absent. Conidiophores mononematous. Conidia smooth-walled, dimorphic, in chains and adhering laterally to form columns; microconidia ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4.3–5.2 × 2.4–3.0 μm; macroconidia cylindrical, 12.0–16.0 × 3.4– 4.0 μm (Fig. 2 A, B). Culture characteristics:— Colonies on SDAY/4 reaching 59–62 mm in diam. after 14 d at 25 °C, plane, velutinous to flocculent, farinose when sporulating; light green. Sporulation starts at 7 d after inoculation, reverse pale brown, causing a brown concentric ring outside of the inoculum. Mycelium white, composed of branched, septate, smoothwalled, hyaline hyphae, 2.7–3.3 μm wide. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smooth-walled. Phialides solitary or in a group of two to three borne directly on metulae, smooth-walled, cylindrical, 5.0–6.5(–8) × 2.4–3.0 μm. Conidia smooth-walled, dimorphic; microconidia formed first, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 3.7–5.0 × 2.1–3.2 μm; macroconidia formed later, cylindrical, (6–)9.5–14.0(–16) × 2.7–3.3 μm. Colonies on PDA attaining a diam. of 57–60 mm in 14 d, floccose, cream to dark green with age. Sporulation starts at 7 d after inoculation, reverse slightly greenish in outmost. Mycelium white, composed of branched, septate, smoothwalled, hyaline hyphae, 2.4–3.4 μm wide. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smooth-walled. Phialides solitary or in a group of two to three borne directly on metulae, smooth-walled, cylindrical, 5.0–6.0 × 2.4–3.1 μm. Conidia smoothwalled, dimorphic; microconidia formed first, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4.1–5.0 × 2.4–2.7 μm; macroconidia formed later, cylindrical, (10–)12.5–18.5 × 2.5–3.5(–4) μm. Colonies on OA attaining a diam. of 73–76 mm in 14 d, mycelium floccose, cottony, cream to green, powdery while sporulating. Sporulation starts at 7 d after inoculation. Mycelium white, composed of branched, septate, smoothwalled, hyaline hyphae, 2.2–3.0 μm wide. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smooth-walled. Phialides solitary or in a group of two to three borne directly on metulae, smooth-walled, cylindrical, 5.0–6.0 × 2.4–3.0 μm. Conidia smoothwalled, dimorphic; microconidia formed first, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 3.8–5.0 ×2.2–3.0 μm; macroconidia formed later, cylindrical, (11–)13.0–17.0 × 2.5–3.0 μm. Additional specimen examined:— CHINA. Anhui Province: Shitai county, Guniujiang Nature Preserve, on adult cicada, Macrosemia sp., 12 Aug 2020, Y. Lin, T. Wang & M.J. Chen (GNJ20200812-01, RCEF 6696). Notes: — Metarhizium cicadae, M. chaiyaphumense and M. takense are morphologically close to this species. However, M. macrosemiae and M. cicadae parasitize adult cicadas while M. chaiyaphumense and M. takense infect cicada nymphs. In M. macrosemiae the phialides and conidia on OA and PDA are smaller than in M. cicadae. Furthermore, M. macrosemiae is distinguished from M. chaiyaphumense by its host, growth rate on SDAY/4 and PDA, and size of the phialides, while it differs significantly from M. takense in colony colour, growth rate on SDAY/4 and PDA, and the presence of macroconidia (Table 2)., Published as part of Chen, Ming-Jun, Lin, Yan, Wang, Ting, Zhang, Sheng-Li & Huang, Bo, 2022, Metarhizium macrosemiae sp. nov. and the anamorph of M. guniujiangense on adult cicada from Guniujiang Nature Preserve, southeastern China, pp. 68-78 in Phytotaxa 575 (1) on pages 73-74, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.575.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7403302

Metarhizium guniujiangense (C.R. Li, B. Huang, M.Z. Fan & Z.Z. Li) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber Fig. 3. Description:— Specimens found on adult cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Hosts covered by mycelium, pale green to greyish green, with heavy sporulation. Conidia smooth-walled, dimorphic; microconidia ovoid, ellipsoidal, 3.7–5.4 × 2.7–3.1 μm; macroconidia cylindrical, 13.0–16.0 × 3.3–4.0 μm. Cultural characteristics:— Colonies on SDAY/4 attaining a diam. of 39–43 mm in 14 d, mycelium floccose, cottony, pale yellow. Sporulation starts at 7 d after inoculation, reverse pale brown in center. Mycelium white, composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae, 1.4–2.0 μm wide. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smoothwalled. Phialides in a group of two to eight borne directly on metulae, smooth-walled, clavate, 5.0–6.5 × 2.0–2.5 μm. Conidia smooth-walled, dimorphic; microconidia formed first, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4.2–5.7 × 2.0–3.0 μm; macroconidia formed later, cylindrical, 14.5–18.0 × 3.0–3.6 μm. Colonies on PDA attaining a diam. of 50–52 mm in 14 d, floccose, cream to green with age. Sporulation starts at 7 d after inoculation, reverse green in center. Mycelium white, composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae, 1.6–2.3 μm wide. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smooth-walled. Phialides in a group of two to eight borne directly on metulae, smooth-walled, cylindrical, 4.5–6.0 × 2.0–3.0 μm. Conidia smooth-walled, dimorphic; microconidia formed first, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4.5–5.5 × 2.5–3.0 μm; macroconidia formed later, cylindrical, 15.0–17.0 × 2.5–3.5 μm. Colonies on OA attaining a diam. of 48–54 mm in 14 d, mycelium floccose, cottony, cream to olive green. Sporulation starts at 7 d after inoculation, reverse green in center. Mycelium white, composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae, 1.5–2.0 μm wide. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smooth-walled. Phialides in a group of two to eight borne directly on metulae, smooth-walled, cylindrical, 4.8–5.7 × 2.0–3.0 μm. Conidia smoothwalled, dimorphic; microconidia formed first, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4.0–5.5(–7) × 2.4–3.1 μm; macroconidia formed later, cylindrical, 16.0–19.0(–22) × 3.2–4.0 μm. Specimens examined:— CHINA. Guniujiang Nature Preserve, Anhui, two adults of Pomponia (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) collected from upper side of leaf in forest, 14 Aug 2020, Y. Lin, T. Wang & M.J. Chen (GNJ20200814-48, RCEF 6758; GNJ20200814-21, RCEF 6740)., Published as part of Chen, Ming-Jun, Lin, Yan, Wang, Ting, Zhang, Sheng-Li & Huang, Bo, 2022, Metarhizium macrosemiae sp. nov. and the anamorph of M. guniujiangense on adult cicada from Guniujiang Nature Preserve, southeastern China, pp. 68-78 in Phytotaxa 575 (1) on pages 75-76, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.575.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7403302

We conducted morphological evaluations and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of SSU, LSU, EF-1a, RPB1 and RPB2 genes for Metarhizium strains infecting adult cicada from Guniujiang Nature Preserve, southeastern China. A new species Metarhizium macrosemiae is described. M. macrosemiae is the phylogenetic sister species of M. chaiyaphumense / M. takense. M. macrosemiae is distinguished morphologically from M. chaiyaphumense by its host, growth rate on agar, and size of the phialides. It differs significantly from M. takense in colony colour, growth rate on agar, and the presence of macroconidia on SDYA/4. Additionally, comparison of five gene sequences with those of M. guniujiangense type strain revealed that two strains on adult cicada are asexual morph of M. guniujiangense. We illustrate and describe this previously unreported asexual morph of M. guniujiangense on adult cicada.

Metarhizium guniujiangense (C.R. Li, B. Huang, M.Z. Fan & Z.Z. Li) Kepler, S.A. Rehner & Humber Fig. 3. Description:— Specimens found on adult cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Hosts covered by mycelium, pale green to greyish green, with heavy sporulation. Conidia smooth-walled, dimorphic; microconidia ovoid, ellipsoidal, 3.7–5.4 × 2.7–3.1 μm; macroconidia cylindrical, 13.0–16.0 × 3.3–4.0 μm. Cultural characteristics:— Colonies on SDAY/4 attaining a diam. of 39–43 mm in 14 d, mycelium floccose, cottony, pale yellow. Sporulation starts at 7 d after inoculation, reverse pale brown in center. Mycelium white, composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae, 1.4–2.0 μm wide. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smoothwalled. Phialides in a group of two to eight borne directly on metulae, smooth-walled, clavate, 5.0–6.5 × 2.0–2.5 μm. Conidia smooth-walled, dimorphic; microconidia formed first, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4.2–5.7 × 2.0–3.0 μm; macroconidia formed later, cylindrical, 14.5–18.0 × 3.0–3.6 μm. Colonies on PDA attaining a diam. of 50–52 mm in 14 d, floccose, cream to green with age. Sporulation starts at 7 d after inoculation, reverse green in center. Mycelium white, composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae, 1.6–2.3 μm wide. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smooth-walled. Phialides in a group of two to eight borne directly on metulae, smooth-walled, cylindrical, 4.5–6.0 × 2.0–3.0 μm. Conidia smooth-walled, dimorphic; microconidia formed first, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4.5–5.5 × 2.5–3.0 μm; macroconidia formed later, cylindrical, 15.0–17.0 × 2.5–3.5 μm. Colonies on OA attaining a diam. of 48–54 mm in 14 d, mycelium floccose, cottony, cream to olive green. Sporulation starts at 7 d after inoculation, reverse green in center. Mycelium white, composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae, 1.5–2.0 μm wide. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smooth-walled. Phialides in a group of two to eight borne directly on metulae, smooth-walled, cylindrical, 4.8–5.7 × 2.0–3.0 μm. Conidia smoothwalled, dimorphic; microconidia formed first, ovoid, ellipsoidal, 4.0–5.5(–7) × 2.4–3.1 μm; macroconidia formed later, cylindrical, 16.0–19.0(–22) × 3.2–4.0 μm. Specimens examined:— CHINA. Guniujiang Nature Preserve, Anhui, two adults of Pomponia (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) collected from upper side of leaf in forest, 14 Aug 2020, Y. Lin, T. Wang & M.J. Chen (GNJ20200814-48, RCEF 6758; GNJ20200814-21, RCEF 6740).

The transverse constitutive relationship of warp yarns and weft yarns was established separately. A new analytical expression considering the coupling effect of fiber/matrix interface debonding damage was proposed to simulate the transverse elastic modulus of warp yarns. The validation using the finite element method shows that the analytical expression has good accuracy. The transverse cracking of single weft yarn and weft yarn attached to warp yarn was simulated with the finite element method, and the transverse constitutive relationship in these two cases was simulated. The transverse constitutive relationship of single weft yarn shows obvious brittleness, while the transverse constitutive relationship of weft yarn attached to warp yarn shows obvious toughness. The transverse constitutive relationship of warp yarns and weft yarns established in this paper can contribute to establish the three-dimensional constitutive relationship of yarns in the multi-scale modeling of the mechanical behavior of plain-woven ceramic matrix composites.

In the present study, the fatigue behavior and damage evolution of SiC/SiC minicomposites at elevated temperatures in oxygen-free environment are investigated which are important for their application and are still unclear. The high-temperature fatigue test platform is developed and the fatigue stress-life curve and the stress-strain response are obtained. The test result shows that the life of the material at elevated temperature is shorter than that at room temperature under the same stress level. Moreover, the hysteresis loop width and the residual strain increase with the increasing of the cycles while the hysteresis modulus decreases during the fatigue cycling. The evolution process of matrix cracks is observed using the real-time remote detection system. It is found that matrix cracking is insensitive to the cyclic loading which is similar to room temperature and is due to that the degeneration of the interfacial shear stress reduces the area of high stress in matrix. The fiber/matrix interfacial shear stress under different cycles is determined based on the fatigue modulus of each hysteresis loop. The result shows a fatigue enhancement phenomenon for the interface which is not observed at room temperature.

Evidences about the impact of commodity width on brand performance remain fragmented. The traditional measurement of commodity category width is characterized by a quantity of manual work and repetition. A fusion model of convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed to solve the issue. In order to assure the universality and applicability of the findings, a vast consumer data set covering two retailers and two good categories is used for the measurement. The calculation results show that a composite model has the higher extraction accuracy than any single model on the average, and CNN or LSTM model alone will lead to the lower accuracy and higher error value. Convolutional neural network model possesses of powerful feature extraction, and the accuracy capacity which can be improved by CNN-LSTM fusion model. The mentioned fusion opens a new way for the measurement of commodity width.

Pseudokeissleriella Jian K. Liu, gen. nov. MycoBank: MB 844117; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12707 Etymology:—The prefix “pseudo-” means “lying, false”, and the name “ Pseudokeissleriella ” refers to its morphological similarity to the genus “ Keissleriella ”. Saprobic on decaying woody substrates. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed to erumpent, subglobose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, glabrous, unilocular, coriaceous. Ostiole dark brown, periphysate. Peridium with multi-layers, comprising hyaline to brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium pseudoparaphyses, remotely septate. Asci 8- spored, bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping bi-seriate, fusiform, tapering to subobtuse ends, the upper cell is swollen towards the median septum, hyaline, septate, guttulate and with or without a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type species: Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola Yi Yang, S.N. Zhang & Jian K. Liu Notes: —The phylogenetic analysis showed that two isolates of Pseudokeissleriella formed a monophyletic clade in Lentitheciaceae and is closely related to the monotypic genera Katumotoa (type: Ka. bambusicola) and Neoophiosphaerella (type: N. sasicola) (FIGURE 1). Pseudokeissleriella resembles Katumotoa in having immersed, subglobose ascomata, but they can be distinguished by the ascospores. Pseudokeissleriella has fusiform ascospores tapering to subobtuse ends, with a swollen upper cell near the median septum and mucilaginous sheath, while Katumotoa has apiosporous ascospores with distinctive elongated bipolar mucilaginous sheath (Tanaka & Harada 2005). Pseudokeissleriella differs from Neoophiosphaerella in having immersed, globose ascomata and fusiform, 1-septate ascospores, while the latter has superficial, hemispherical, with clypei ascomata and filiform, multi-septate ascospores (Tanaka et al. 2015). In addition, referring to the recommendations of Jeewon & Hyde (2016) for the establishment of species boundaries among fungi, Pseudokeissleriella can be distinguished from Ka. bambusicola and N. sasicola based on sequences data comparison from LSU (14/831; 11/831) and ITS (25/548; 36/548). The ascospores of Pseudokeissleriella are somewhat similar to Keissleriella. However, Keissleriella is thought to have a striking feature that most of their species have brown or black setae inside or around the ostiole. Pseudokeissleriella can be easily distinguished from the latter by the absence of setae around the ostiole, as well as the distance in molecular phylogeny., Published as part of Yang, Yi, Zhang, Sheng-Nan, Yu, Xian-Dong & Liu, Jian-Kui, 2022, Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales) from bamboos in Sichuan province, China, pp. 263-273 in Phytotaxa 560 (3) on page 267, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7042659, {"references":["Tanaka, K. & Harada, Y. (2005) Bambusicolous fungi in Japan (6): Katumotoa, a new genus of phaeosphaeriaceous ascomycetes. Mycoscience 46: 313 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / S 10267 - 005 - 0251 - Y","Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H., Sato, G., Toriyabe, A., Kudo, H., Hashimoto, A., Matsumura, M., Harada, Y., Kurihara, Y., Shirouzu, T. & Hosoya, T. (2015) Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82: 75 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2015.10.002","Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K. D. (2016) Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities. Mycosphere 7: 1669 - 1677. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 7 / 11 / 4"]}

Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola Yi Yang, S.N. Zhang and Jian K. Liu, sp. nov. MycoBank: MB 888118; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12708; FIGURE 2 Etymology:—The suffix “-cola” means “inhabitant”, and the epithet “ bambusicola ” refers to the subfamily of plant host “ Bambusoideae ”, from which the fungus was collected. Holotype:— HKAS 124020 Saprobic on dead culms of bamboo in a terrestrial habitat. Sexual morph: Ascomata 310–660 µm high, 400–520 µm diam (= 480 × 450 µm, n = 10), scattered, immersed to slightly erumpent, visible as dark brown to black, circular or lenticular areas with a central black dot, glabrous, in vertical section subglobose, base flattened, unilocular, coriaceous, with a central ostiole. Ostiole 85–160 µm long, 40–85 µm diam. (= 105 × 55 µm, n = 10), dark brown, periphysate. Peridium 15–45 µm diam, relatively thick, multi-layers, comprising hyaline to brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 1.4–2.3 µm wide, comprising numerous, filiform, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 70–120 × 9–13 µm (= 95.1 × 11.1 µm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, with a short pedicel, apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 21–28.5 × 4.2–6.5 µm (= 25.5 × 5.5 µm, n = 30), overlapping bi-seriate, usually uniseriate in the lower half, fusiform, tapering to subobtuse ends, hyaline, 1(–3)-septate, the upper cell swollen towards the median septum, straight or slightly curved, smooth-walled, guttulate, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath with depression in the middle. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics:— Spores germinated on PDA within 24h. Colonies growing on PDA, reaching a diameter of 25 mm after 24 d at 25 °C, circular, surface slightly rough, white to faint yellow, reverse yellowish. Material Examined:— CHINA. Sichuan province, Dujiang weir, Qingcheng Mountain, 30° 55′ 7″ N, 103° 29′ 39″ E, on dead culms of Bamboo, 2 December 2021, Yi Yang, Q 6-2 (HKAS 124020, holotype); ex-type culture CGMCC 3.20950; ibid., Xian-Dong Yu, HUEST 22.0030, paratype; ex-paratype culture UESTCC 22.0028., Published as part of Yang, Yi, Zhang, Sheng-Nan, Yu, Xian-Dong & Liu, Jian-Kui, 2022, Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales) from bamboos in Sichuan province, China, pp. 263-273 in Phytotaxa 560 (3) on pages 267-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7042659

The sensitivity of strength via temperature for SiC/SiC composites and SiC fibers in an oxygen-free environment is studied through experimental investigation and theoretical analysis. Tensile tests are performed on SiC/SiC minicomposites at room temperature, 500 and 1000 ℃ in an oxygen-free environment. A high-efficiency method is proposed to obtain the high-temperature strength distribution of SiC fibers. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of strength via temperature is high for SiC fibers but low for SiC/SiC minicomposites. To explain this phenomenon, the strength model of minicomposites is developed. The theoretical analysis reveals that the low sensitivity of strength via temperature for minicomposites results from that the influences of the changes of the Weibull parameters m and σ0 at elevated temperatures are offset.

The evaporation process is a common step in herbal medicine manufacturing and often lasts for a long time. The degradation of evaporation performance is inevitable, leading to more consumption of steam and electricity, and it may also have an impact on the content of thermosensitive components. Recently, a vast amount of evaporation process data is collected with the aid of industrial information systems, and process knowledge is hidden behind the data. But currently, these data are seldom deeply analyzed. In this work, an exploratory data analysis workflow is proposed to evaluate the evaporation performance and to identify the root causes of the performance degradation. The workflow consists of 6 steps: data collecting, preprocessing, characteristic stage identification, feature extraction, model development and interpretation, and decision making. In the model development and interpretation step, the workflow employs the HDBSCAN clustering algorithm for data annotation and then uses the ccPCA method to compare the differences between clusters for root cause analysis. A full-scale case is presented to verify the effectiveness of the workflow. The evaporation process data of 192 batches in 2018 were collected in the case. Through the steps of the workflow, the features of each batch were extracted, and the batches were clustered into 6 groups. The root causes of the performance degradation were determined as the high Pv,II and high LI by ccPCA. Recommended suggestions for future manufacturing were given according to the results. The proposed workflow can determine the root causes of the evaporation performance degradation.

To study the thermal decomposition of Al/ZrH2/PTFE with different Al particle size as well as mechanical strength and impact sensitivity under medium and low strain rates, molding-vacuum sintering was adopted to prepare four groups of power materials and cylindrical specimens with different Al particle size. The active decomposition temperature of ZrH2 was obtained by TG-DSC, and the quasi-static mechanics/reaction characteristics as well as the impact sensitivity of the specimen were studied respectively by quasi-static compression and drop-hammer test. The results show that the yield strength of the material decreased with the increase of the Al particle size, while the compressive strength, failure strain and toughness increased first and then decreased, which reached the maximum values of 116.61 MPa, 191%, and 119.9 MJ/m respectively when the Al particle size is 12∼14 μm because of particle size grading. The specimens with the highest strength and toughness formed circumferential open cracks and reacted partly when pressed. Those with developmental cracks formed inside did not react. It is considered that fracture of specimens first triggered initial reaction between Al and PTFE to release an amount of heat. Then ZrH2 was activated and decomposed, and participated in subsequent reaction to generate ZrC. The impact sensitivity of the specimens decreased with the increase of Al particle size.

The analysis of time-frequency variation and energy refinement characteristics of blasting vibration signals has contributed to understanding the propagation law of blasting vibration wave and reducing the possible losses. Combined with the measured data of tunnel blasting excavation and based on the newly constructed wavelet function, the spectrum distribution and energy refinement characteristics of tunnel blasting vibration signals are deeply explored and studied. The results demonstrated that compared to the Fourier spectrum, the innovative method of scale energy spectrum can not only acquire the dominant frequency of the blasting vibration signals, but also the obtained spectrum curve is smoother and can clearly reflect the change trend of the signal spectrum. The newly constructed biorthogonal wavelet has the characteristics of high vanishing moment, high regularity and matching with the waveform variation of the measured blasting vibration signals, and can describe the subtle variation characteristics of blasting vibration signal frequency. The continuous wavelet transform energy spectrum can reflect the three-dimensional energy distribution of blasting vibration signal in the time-scale domain, and the occurrence time of frequency, the frequency duration interval and time range of blasting vibration signal can also be acquired. Wavelet packet algorithm can precisely calculate the energy distribution of each frequency component in the signal, the tunnel blasting vibration signals (YBJ1, YBJ2) generated near the power tower presents low frequency, while the signals (YBF3,YBF4) far away from the power tower presents relatively high frequency. Measures should be taken to control the vibration and resonance of power tower caused by tunnel blasting. This research is of great significance for recognizing the propagation law of vibration waves, reducing the impact of blasting on surrounding buildings, and ensuring the safety of tunnel construction and surrounding buildings.