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Recent experiments searching for sub−GeV/c2 dark matter have observed event excesses close to their respective energy thresholds. Although specific to the individual technologies, the measured excess event rates have been consistently reported at or below event energies of a few-hundred eV, or with charges of a few electron-hole pairs. In the present work, we operated a 1-g silicon SuperCDMS-HVeV detector at three voltages across the crystal (0, 60 and 100 V). The 0 V data show an excess of events in the tens of eV region. Despite this event excess, we demonstrate the ability to set a competitive exclusion limit on the spin-independent dark matter–nucleon elastic scattering cross section for dark matter masses of O(100) MeV/c2, enabled by operation of the detector at 0 V potential and achievement of a very low O(10) eV threshold for nuclear recoils. Comparing the data acquired at 0, 60 and 100 V potentials across the crystal, we investigated possible sources of the unexpected events observed at low energy. The data indicate that the dominant contribution to the excess is consistent with a hypothesized luminescence from the printed circuit boards used in the detector holder.

Objective To explore the effect of Ludangshen oral liquid for treatment of convalescent patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter method. Methods 200 convalescent COVID-19 patients who had symptoms related to decreased digestive and respiratory function were randomly divided to either receive Ludangshen oral liquid or placebo for 2 weeks. The severity of clinical symptoms including fatigue, anorexia, abdominal distension, loose stools, and shortness of breath were assessed by visual analogue scale and observed at before and after treatment. The improvement and resolution rates of clinical symptoms were evaluated. Full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS) were used for statistical analyses. Adverse events were recorded during the study. Results 8 patients did not complete the study. After 2 weeks of treatment, both FAS and PPS results showed that patients in Ludangshen group had significantly lower score of fatigue, anorexia, loose stools, and shortness of breath than placebo group (P P > 0.05). The improvement rate of fatigue, anorexia, distension, loose stools and shortness of breath were significantly higher in Ludangshen group (P P P > 0.05). There were two cases of adverse events, with one nose bleeding in Ludangshen group and one headache in placebo group. Conclusion The study suggested that two weeks of Ludangshen oral liquid treatment may have certain effects for convalescent COVID-19 patients on improving digestive and respiratory symptoms including fatigue, anorexia, loose stools and shortness of breath, which may be one of the choices for management of convalescent COVID-19 patients with digestive and respiratory symptoms.

This research aimed to illustrate the biological function and associated regulatory mechanism of lncRNA FOXD3-AS1 (FOXD3-AS1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This research initially found that FOXD3-AS1 was obviously upregulated in NPC cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) detection. Next, the direct target of FOXD3-AS1 was predicted by bioinformatics and further verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. MiroRNA-135a-5p (miR-135a-5p) was identified as the target gene of FOXD3-AS1 and down-expressed in C666-1 cells compared to NP69. In addition, function assays were conducted in C666-1 cells, including methyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometry, Caspase3 activity detection, and western blot assay. Our results suggested that miR-135a-5p upregulation inhibited NPC cell growth, enhanced cell apoptosis, promoted Caspase3 activity, increased cleaved-Caspase3, and reduced pro-Caspase3 level. Moreover, we found that FOXD3-AS1 knockdown notably inhibited C666-1 cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, enhanced Caspase3 activity, enhanced cleaved-Caspase3 expression, and suppressed pro-Caspase3 level in C666-1 cells. However, these findings were reversed in C666-1 cells by miR-135a-5p mimic co-transfection. To sum up, our data showed that FOXD3-AS1 knockdown regulated cell growth and apoptosis in NCP cells via altering miR-135a-5p expression, suggesting that FOXD3-AS1 might be a therapeutic target for NPC diagnosis and treatment.

Garra hormuzensis, new species (Figs. 2–6) Holotype. IUT-IM GH1, 53.1 mm SL; Iran: Hormuzgan prov.: Shur River about 12 km west of Hajiabad, 28.1885N 55.7777E. Paratypes. IUT-IM 13990628-01-01, 28, 33.3–53.1 mm SL; same data as holotype. Material for molecular genetic analysis. IUT-IM GH1, GH2; same data as holotype (GenBank accession numbers: MN 255107 – MN 255108). Diagnosis. Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from other Garra species in the Persian Gulf basin by a combination of characters, none of them unique to the species. Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from G. mondica by having 3, very rarely 2, scales between the anus and the anal-fin origin (vs. usually 2), the chest covered by scales with free posterior margins (vs. scales fully embedded). It is distinguished from G. amirhosseini by having 3, very rarely 2, scales between the anus and the anal-fin origin (vs. usually 2). Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from G. elegans by having free lateral and posterior margins of the gular disc (vs. fully attached). The new species is distinguished from G. gymnothorax and G. rufa by having usually 7½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. usually 8½). The posterior margins of the scales on the chest and belly are not embedded in the skin in G. hormuzensis (vs. chest scaleless in some G. gymnothorax, scales fully embedded, with free posterior margins or chest scaleless in G. rufa). It is distinguished from G. meymehensis by having scales with free posterior margins on the chest (vs. embedded) and from G. tiam by having usually 7½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 8½), 13-16 circumpeduncular scale rows (vs. 12–13), the chest covered by scales (vs. chest scaleless). Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from G. persica by having usually 9+8 caudal-fin rays (vs. 8+8). Description. For general appearance, see Figures 2– 6 and Table 3 for morphometric data. Small-size and elongated species with a compressed caudal peduncle. Dorsal head profile rising gently from tip of snout to nape, dorsal profile of back slightly convex from nape to dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile more or less straight between pectoral-fin insertion and anal-fin origin. Body deepest at or slightly in front of dorsal-fin base and body depth decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Greatest body width at or slightly behind of pectoral-fin insertion. Body almost equally wide from pectoral-fin base to dorsal-fin origin. Head moderately large and slightly depressed. Interorbital space slightly convex or flat, height at nape less than head length. The largest recorded specimen 53.1 mm. Head length 1.0–1.3 times in body depth. Snout rounded, its length 1.0-1.3 times in postorbital length. Transverse lobe with tubercles, without transverse groove. Small- or medium-sized tubercles sparsely set on proboscis, larger on its anterior margin, but no tubercles on proboscis in small individuals. Small- to medium-sized tubercles scattered through lateral and dorsal surface of snout reaching anterior orbital margin or posterior nostril (Figs. 2 & 5). Depressed rostral surface always lacking tubercles; transverse lobe moderately separated from lateral surface in large specimens. Anterior branch of depressed rostral surface reaching to base of rostral barbel. No groove between transverse lobe and lateral surface in some individuals. Eye relatively large, its diameter 0.3–0.5 times in head depth and 0.4–0.6 times in interorbital width. Two pairs of barbels, maxillary barbel at corner of mouth, and shorter (0.6–0.8 times) than rostral barbel, rostral barbel anterolaterally located, and shorter (0.5–0.8 times) than eye diameter. Rostral cap well-developed, fimbriate, papillate on ventral surface (Figs. 4–5). Upper lip present. Upper jaw completely covered by rostral cap. Disc almost oval to roundish in shape, longer than wide, and narrower than head width through base of maxillary barbel. Papillae on anterior fold equally-sized and regularly arranged. Narrow and deep toral groove between torus and pulvinus. Scattered small-sized papillae on latero-posterior flap. Surface of pulvinus without or with sparsely arranged small papillae. Dorsal-fin with 3 simple and 7½ (24) and 8½ (1) branched rays, last simple ray shorter than head length, distal margin slightly concave, origin closer to snout-tip than to caudal-fin base, first branched ray longest, tip of last branched ray reaching vertical to, or slightly in front of anus when folded down. Pectoral-fin with one simple and 11 (4), 12 (18) and 13 (6) branched rays. Tip of pectoral-fin approximately reaching a point 4–5 scales anterior to pelvic-fin insertion; its length shorter than head length. Pelvic-fin with one simple and 7 (23) and 8 (2) branched rays; its tip reaching to anus. Insertion of pelvic-fin closer to anal-fin origin than to pectoral-fin insertion. Anal-fin short, with 2 simple and 5½ (28) branched rays, first branched ray longest, distal margin straight or slightly concave, origin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin insertion in most specimens. Anus 2 (2) and 3 (23) scales in front of anal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle length 0.9-1.4 times longer than its depth. Caudal-fin distinctly forked with 9+8 (22) branched rays [except 8+7 (1), 8+8 (5)]; tip of caudal lobes rounded. Total gill rakers on first branchial arch 16 (2), 17 (4), 18 (6), 19 (2) and 21 (1). Lateral line complete, totally with 33 (2), 34 (2), 35 (10), 36 (8) and 37 (4) scales, 2-3 scales on caudal-fin base. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 4 (24) and 5 (4). Scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin insertion 3 (6) and 4 (22) and between lateral line and anal-fin origin 3 (4) and 4 (14). Circumpeduncular scale rows 13 (2), 14 (8), 15 (8) and 16 (10). Scale rows along predorsal midline 10 (4), 11 (10), 12 (6), 13 (6) and 14 (2). Scales regularly set on flank. Chest covered by exposed scales. Scales on belly with free margins, exposed. 5 (24), 6 (2) and 7 (2) scales between posterior part of pelvic-fin base and anus. Coloration. In ethanol: Dorsal surface of head, dorsum and flank pale brown. Single or patches of dark-brown scales on flank. Ventral surface of head, mouth, chest and abdomen whitish to yellow. A belt-like, 1-2 scales wide, black bar on last scales of caudal peduncle. A black blotch at anterior most lateral line scale. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins whitish to yellow. Some black to dark-brown blotches on caudal-fin membranes. Dorsal-fin membranes with a black or dark-grey blotch at base, some black or brown blotches on middle dorsal-fin rays’ membranes. In life: Background colour bright silvery to pale green. Fins hyaline, paired fins golden yellow with black dots and bars; big black blotch on base of 4-6 dorsal-fin rays. Head grey to dark green. Iris silvery. Scales on flank with black on posterior margin, whitish or pale grey on ventral part of flank and belly, rostral barbels with small black dots. Distribution and Habitat. Garra hormuzensis was only found in the Shur River drainage, a major tributary of the upper Kol River. The river dominant substrate type were cobble and boulder and the riparian vegetation had bush and tree sparsely. Etymology. The species is named for the Strait of Hormuz, a strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. An adjective. Remarks. Some habitat characters taken at the type locality are: average 22.8 °C, 3999 μS/m, 2000 ppm, 8.11 for water temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid and pH, respectively; the river dominant substrate type were cobble and boulder and the riparian vegetation had bush and tree sparsely. Garra hormuzensis is very closely related to G. mondica (K2P distance = 1.16), G. amirhosseini (K2P distance = 1.47), and G. elegans (K2P distance = 1.28). While G. elegans is morphologically very different from the other species (Freyhof 2016), we cannot fully exclude that G. amirhosseini and G. hormuzensis might be conspecific with G. mondica. The K2P distance in the studied COI gene region between these two species was 1.16 %, a distance found also to be within intraspecific variability. Sayyadzadeh et al. (2015) diagnose G. mondica by lacking scales on the breast, belly and predorsal midline. We collect fresh materials of G. mondica and these agree in their COI sequence data with G. mondica as described by Sayyadzadeh et al. (2015). However, in all our individuals of G. mondica, the breast was covered by embedded scales, the belly cover by non-embedded scales and they had 11–15 scales along the predorsal midline. We cannot exclude, that other isolated populations of G. mondica are distributed in the region bridging the small molecular and morphological gaps between the different populations now treated as separated species. As all species descriptions, this study is a hypotheses to be tested and verified, or falsified, in the future. If treated as one species in the future, G. mondica has priority above G. amirhosseini and G. hormuzensis. Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from subterranean Garra species from the Iranian Tigris River drainage by having the flank fully covered by scales (vs. scaleless in G. lorestanensis and G. typhlops; few scales on anterior part of flank in G. tashanensis), a well-developed gular disc (vs. absent in G. typhlops), a well-developed eye (vs. reduced in G. lorestanensis, G. tashanensis, and G. typhlops), and a pigmented body surface (vs. no pigmentation in G. lorestanensis, G. typhlops, and G. tashanensis).

Garra hormuzensis, new species (Figs. 2–6) Holotype. IUT-IM GH1, 53.1 mm SL; Iran: Hormuzgan prov.: Shur River about 12 km west of Hajiabad, 28.1885N 55.7777E. Paratypes. IUT-IM 13990628-01-01, 28, 33.3–53.1 mm SL; same data as holotype. Material for molecular genetic analysis. IUT-IM GH1, GH2; same data as holotype (GenBank accession numbers: MN 255107 – MN 255108). Diagnosis. Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from other Garra species in the Persian Gulf basin by a combination of characters, none of them unique to the species. Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from G. mondica by having 3, very rarely 2, scales between the anus and the anal-fin origin (vs. usually 2), the chest covered by scales with free posterior margins (vs. scales fully embedded). It is distinguished from G. amirhosseini by having 3, very rarely 2, scales between the anus and the anal-fin origin (vs. usually 2). Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from G. elegans by having free lateral and posterior margins of the gular disc (vs. fully attached). The new species is distinguished from G. gymnothorax and G. rufa by having usually 7½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. usually 8½). The posterior margins of the scales on the chest and belly are not embedded in the skin in G. hormuzensis (vs. chest scaleless in some G. gymnothorax, scales fully embedded, with free posterior margins or chest scaleless in G. rufa). It is distinguished from G. meymehensis by having scales with free posterior margins on the chest (vs. embedded) and from G. tiam by having usually 7½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 8½), 13-16 circumpeduncular scale rows (vs. 12–13), the chest covered by scales (vs. chest scaleless). Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from G. persica by having usually 9+8 caudal-fin rays (vs. 8+8). Description. For general appearance, see Figures 2– 6 and Table 3 for morphometric data. Small-size and elongated species with a compressed caudal peduncle. Dorsal head profile rising gently from tip of snout to nape, dorsal profile of back slightly convex from nape to dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile more or less straight between pectoral-fin insertion and anal-fin origin. Body deepest at or slightly in front of dorsal-fin base and body depth decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Greatest body width at or slightly behind of pectoral-fin insertion. Body almost equally wide from pectoral-fin base to dorsal-fin origin. Head moderately large and slightly depressed. Interorbital space slightly convex or flat, height at nape less than head length. The largest recorded specimen 53.1 mm. Head length 1.0–1.3 times in body depth. Snout rounded, its length 1.0-1.3 times in postorbital length. Transverse lobe with tubercles, without transverse groove. Small- or medium-sized tubercles sparsely set on proboscis, larger on its anterior margin, but no tubercles on proboscis in small individuals. Small- to medium-sized tubercles scattered through lateral and dorsal surface of snout reaching anterior orbital margin or posterior nostril (Figs. 2 & 5). Depressed rostral surface always lacking tubercles; transverse lobe moderately separated from lateral surface in large specimens. Anterior branch of depressed rostral surface reaching to base of rostral barbel. No groove between transverse lobe and lateral surface in some individuals. Eye relatively large, its diameter 0.3–0.5 times in head depth and 0.4–0.6 times in interorbital width. Two pairs of barbels, maxillary barbel at corner of mouth, and shorter (0.6–0.8 times) than rostral barbel, rostral barbel anterolaterally located, and shorter (0.5–0.8 times) than eye diameter. Rostral cap well-developed, fimbriate, papillate on ventral surface (Figs. 4–5). Upper lip present. Upper jaw completely covered by rostral cap. Disc almost oval to roundish in shape, longer than wide, and narrower than head width through base of maxillary barbel. Papillae on anterior fold equally-sized and regularly arranged. Narrow and deep toral groove between torus and pulvinus. Scattered small-sized papillae on latero-posterior flap. Surface of pulvinus without or with sparsely arranged small papillae. Dorsal-fin with 3 simple and 7½ (24) and 8½ (1) branched rays, last simple ray shorter than head length, distal margin slightly concave, origin closer to snout-tip than to caudal-fin base, first branched ray longest, tip of last branched ray reaching vertical to, or slightly in front of anus when folded down. Pectoral-fin with one simple and 11 (4), 12 (18) and 13 (6) branched rays. Tip of pectoral-fin approximately reaching a point 4–5 scales anterior to pelvic-fin insertion; its length shorter than head length. Pelvic-fin with one simple and 7 (23) and 8 (2) branched rays; its tip reaching to anus. Insertion of pelvic-fin closer to anal-fin origin than to pectoral-fin insertion. Anal-fin short, with 2 simple and 5½ (28) branched rays, first branched ray longest, distal margin straight or slightly concave, origin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin insertion in most specimens. Anus 2 (2) and 3 (23) scales in front of anal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle length 0.9-1.4 times longer than its depth. Caudal-fin distinctly forked with 9+8 (22) branched rays [except 8+7 (1), 8+8 (5)]; tip of caudal lobes rounded. Total gill rakers on first branchial arch 16 (2), 17 (4), 18 (6), 19 (2) and 21 (1). Lateral line complete, totally with 33 (2), 34 (2), 35 (10), 36 (8) and 37 (4) scales, 2-3 scales on caudal-fin base. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 4 (24) and 5 (4). Scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin insertion 3 (6) and 4 (22) and between lateral line and anal-fin origin 3 (4) and 4 (14). Circumpeduncular scale rows 13 (2), 14 (8), 15 (8) and 16 (10). Scale rows along predorsal midline 10 (4), 11 (10), 12 (6), 13 (6) and 14 (2). Scales regularly set on flank. Chest covered by exposed scales. Scales on belly with free margins, exposed. 5 (24), 6 (2) and 7 (2) scales between posterior part of pelvic-fin base and anus. Coloration. In ethanol: Dorsal surface of head, dorsum and flank pale brown. Single or patches of dark-brown scales on flank. Ventral surface of head, mouth, chest and abdomen whitish to yellow. A belt-like, 1-2 scales wide, black bar on last scales of caudal peduncle. A black blotch at anterior most lateral line scale. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins whitish to yellow. Some black to dark-brown blotches on caudal-fin membranes. Dorsal-fin membranes with a black or dark-grey blotch at base, some black or brown blotches on middle dorsal-fin rays’ membranes. In life: Background colour bright silvery to pale green. Fins hyaline, paired fins golden yellow with black dots and bars; big black blotch on base of 4-6 dorsal-fin rays. Head grey to dark green. Iris silvery. Scales on flank with black on posterior margin, whitish or pale grey on ventral part of flank and belly, rostral barbels with small black dots. Distribution and Habitat. Garra hormuzensis was only found in the Shur River drainage, a major tributary of the upper Kol River. The river dominant substrate type were cobble and boulder and the riparian vegetation had bush and tree sparsely. Etymology. The species is named for the Strait of Hormuz, a strait between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. An adjective. Remarks. Some habitat characters taken at the type locality are: average 22.8 °C, 3999 μS/m, 2000 ppm, 8.11 for water temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid and pH, respectively; the river dominant substrate type were cobble and boulder and the riparian vegetation had bush and tree sparsely. Garra hormuzensis is very closely related to G. mondica (K2P distance = 1.16), G. amirhosseini (K2P distance = 1.47), and G. elegans (K2P distance = 1.28). While G. elegans is morphologically very different from the other species (Freyhof 2016), we cannot fully exclude that G. amirhosseini and G. hormuzensis might be conspecific with G. mondica. The K2P distance in the studied COI gene region between these two species was 1.16 %, a distance found also to be within intraspecific variability. Sayyadzadeh et al. (2015) diagnose G. mondica by lacking scales on the breast, belly and predorsal midline. We collect fresh materials of G. mondica and these agree in their COI sequence data with G. mondica as described by Sayyadzadeh et al. (2015). However, in all our individuals of G. mondica, the breast was covered by embedded scales, the belly cover by non-embedded scales and they had 11–15 scales along the predorsal midline. We cannot exclude, that other isolated populations of G. mondica are distributed in the region bridging the small molecular and morphological gaps between the different populations now treated as separated species. As all species descriptions, this study is a hypotheses to be tested and verified, or falsified, in the future. If treated as one species in the future, G. mondica has priority above G. amirhosseini and G. hormuzensis. Garra hormuzensis is distinguished from subterranean Garra species from the Iranian Tigris River drainage by having the flank fully covered by scales (vs. scaleless in G. lorestanensis and G. typhlops; few scales on anterior part of flank in G. tashanensis), a well-developed gular disc (vs. absent in G. typhlops), a well-developed eye (vs. reduced in G. lorestanensis, G. tashanensis, and G. typhlops), and a pigmented body surface (vs. no pigmentation in G. lorestanensis, G. typhlops, and G. tashanensis)., Published as part of Zamani-Faradonbe, Mazaher, Zhang, E. & Keivany, Yazdan, 2021, Garra hormuzensis, a new species from the upper Kol River drainage in the Persian Gulf basin (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 380-394 in Zootaxa 5052 (3) on pages 385-391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5572153, {"references":["Freyhof, J. (2016) Redescription of Garra elegans (Gunther, 1868), a poorly known species from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4173 (5), 496 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4173.5.7","Sayyadzadeh, G., Esmaeili, H. R. & Freyhof, J. (2015) Garra mondica, a new species from the Mond River drainage with remarks on the genus Garra from the Persian Gulf basin in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4048 (1), 75 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4048.1.4"]}

Nucleolin (NCL, C23) is a multifunctional phosphoprotein that plays a vital role in modulating the survival, proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the effects of NCL on cervical cancer and the underlying mechanisms behind this are poorly understood. In the study presented here, Hela cells were transfected with shRNAs targeting the endogenous NCL gene (sh-NCL-Hela). NCL knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that NCL knockdown inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway by upregulating FGF, ITGA, TNXB, VEGF, Caspase 3, and Bax, as well as by downregulating AKT, GNB4, CDK6, IL6R, LAMA, PDGFD, PPP2RSA and BCL-2. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes after using a PI3K inhibitor LY294002 were consistent with shRNA studies, while treatment with a 740Y-P agonist showed the opposite effect. Altogether, this study uncovered that downregulation of NCL may be a novel treatment strategy for cervical cancer.

Quantum computers built with superconducting artificial atoms already stretch the limits of their classical counterparts. While the lowest energy states of these artificial atoms serve as the qubit basis, the higher levels are responsible for both a host of attractive gate schemes as well as generating undesired interactions. In particular, when coupling these atoms to generate entanglement, the higher levels cause shifts in the computational levels that leads to unwanted $ZZ$ quantum crosstalk. Here, we present a novel technique to manipulate the energy levels and mitigate this crosstalk via a simultaneous AC Stark effect on coupled qubits. This breaks a fundamental deadlock between qubit-qubit coupling and crosstalk, leading to a 90ns CNOT with a gate error of (0.19 $\pm$ 0.02) $\%$ and the demonstration of a novel CZ gate with fixed-coupling single-junction transmon qubits. Furthermore, we show a definitive improvement in circuit performance with crosstalk cancellation over seven qubits, demonstrating the scalability of the technique. This work paves the way for superconducting hardware with faster gates and greatly improved multi-qubit circuit fidelities., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures plus Supplementary Information (8 pages, 7 figures)

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM, The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search low ionization threshold experiment (CDMSlite) achieved efficient detection of very small recoil energies in its germanium target, resulting in sensitivity to lightly ionizing particles (LIPs) in a previously unexplored region of charge, mass, and velocity parameter space. We report first direct-detection limits calculated using the optimum interval method on the vertical intensity of cosmogenically produced LIPs with an electric charge smaller than e / (3 × 105), as well as the strongest limits for charge ≤ e / 160, with a minimum vertical intensity of 1.36 × 10−7 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 at charge e /160. These results apply over a wide range of LIP masses (5 MeV / c2 to 100 TeV / c2) and cover a wide range of βγ values (0.1–106), thus excluding nonrelativistic LIPs with βγ as small as 0.1 for the first time

The genus Monascus includes several species of fungi valued across Asia for their culinary uses and diverse medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers in characterizing the genetic diversity in 41 Monascus strains collected from various regions of Fujian Province, the leading producer of Monascus in China.; Results: Seven screened ISSR primers generated 56 polymorphic bands, of which 93.33% were polymorphic. The genetic similarity coefficients (GSC) of the strains ranged from 0.50 to 1.00. Comparative sequence analysis using seven screened RAPD primers amplified a total of 49 polymorphic bands, of which 81.67% were polymorphic; GSC values ranged from 0.62 to 1.00.; Conclusion: Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation in genetic distances assessed using above two markers, which indicated they were suitable for Monascus species characterization. ISSR markers were more suitable for the classification and determination of Monascus species, while RAPD markers appear to be preferable for analyzing the differences among strains within the same species. Our study revealed that Monascus possesses rich genetic diversity, and that the genetic relationships among the selected strains were, to a very limited extent, correlated to their geographical variation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

One-dimensional GdPO4 · nH2O:Eu nanowires and nanorods of different sizes and the same structure were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Nanowire and nanorods had width and length of about 10 nm/50 nm and 80 nm/1 μm, respectively. Adjusting reaction system PH value by adding alkali metal NaOH, the size and shape of the product can be tuned. The high resolution spectra, excitation spectra, and laser selective excitation spectra at low temperature were determined. Nanorod compared with nanowire, photoluminescence was enhanced, and the excitation spectrum and laser selective excitation spectra were broadened. These results suggest that Eu3+ in GdPO4 · nH2O nanorod and nanowire were located in different local environments.

Continental fishes (totaling 1,443 species) in China were assessed for their status based on avail- able data utilizing the IUCN Redlist Categories and Criteria. Among these, 3 species were listed as Extinct, 1 as Regionally Extinct, 65 as Critically Endangered, 101 as Endangered, 129 as Vulnerable, 101 as Near Threatened, 454 as of Least Concern, and 589 were Data Deficient. Both the number of species assessed here and the number of species classified as threatened, were greater than those already identified by the IUCN. There were 295 threatened species, which accounted for 20.44% of the total number of currently identified continental fish in China. This ratio was lower than the known worldwide average. Three extinct species identified were Anabarilius macrolepis, Cyprinus yilongensis and Triplophysa cakaensis, and Stenodus nelma was found to be regionally extinct in China. Among all families assessed, Cyprinidae had the highest number of threatened species. Within this family, Schizothroracinae and Cyprininae were the two most threatened subfamilies. The upper Yangtze River and the upper Pearl River were two areas with the highest number of threatened species. Major threats to continental fish in China can be classified into four categories: dam con- struction, habitat degradation, over-fishing, and introducing of alien species. A total of 589 species (40.82% of continental fishes in China) were listed as Data Deficient. This large number indicated insufficient infor- mation regarding continental fishes in China, therefore warranting the need for basic data collection on con- tinental fishes through field surveys.

Schistura alboguttata, sp. nov. (Fig. 1–4) Holotype. IHB2008050102, 65.9 mm SL, from the Leli-He, flowing into the You-Jiang of the upper Pearl River basin at Leli Town, Tianlin County, Guangxi Province, South China, about 24°17'44" N, 106°13'33" E, at an altitude of 310 m above sea level; collected by E Zhang and Liang Cao in May, 2008. Paratypes. IHB2008050101, IHB2008050103–7, 6 specimens, 59.2–76.5 mm SL; same collection data as holotype. Diagnosis. Schistura alboguttata can be distinguished from all currently identified Chinese congeners by its unique body coloration consisting of irregular white spots scattered over the dorsal and lateral aspects of the body, and sometimes the predorsal region covered by irregular bars with narrow interspaces. The following characters, not unique to the new species, but utilized to distinguish it from other species, include: processus dentiformis welldeveloped; lower jaw with a remarkable median notch; no suborbital flap; lateral line complete; pelvic fin inserted anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin; caudal fin emarginated; caudal-peduncle length 1.2–1.3 times depth; black bar at caudal fin continuous and reaching dorsal and ventral midlines. Description. Morphometric data are summarized in Table 2. Body anteriorly rounded and posteriorly compressed laterally toward caudal-fin base. Dorsal profile of head drastically sloping downward in front of anterior margin of eye; from there to posterior edge of cranium nearly straight. Dorsal profile of body convex. Body depth increasing to its maximum before dorsal-fin origin; slightly declining towards caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of head and prepelvic body nearly straight, slightly concave between pelvic-fin insertion and anal-fin origin, nearly straight in caudal peduncle. Dorsal and lateral body scales deeply embedded under skin; breast and belly scaleless. Lateral line complete. Head depressed, wider than deep. Snout pointedly rounded when viewed dorsally, blunt when viewed laterally; cheeks greatly inflated in larger individuals. Eyes small, situated dorso-laterally near top of head, usually in anterior half of head; invisible when viewed ventrally. Mouth inferior and curved. Lips thin; processus dentiformis well-developed; lower lip with median interruption and 3–5 furrows on each side, marked corresponding median notch present in lower jaw. Anterior nostrils close to posterior one and pierced in front side of flap-like tube. Inner rostral barbel nearly reaching corner of mouth, outer one not reaching anterior margin of eye; maxillary one surpassing vertical of hind margin of eye (Fig. 2). Fins flexible; D. iii, 8; P. i, 10–11; V. i, 6–7; A. iii, 5; C. 8+8 branched rays. Dorsal-fin origin closer to caudalfin base than to tip of snout, distal margin straight or slightly convex. Pectoral-fin inserted at vertical through posteriormost point of operculum origin, adpressed fin reaching nearly halfway to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin inserted anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin, adpressed tip reaching or not reaching anus. Axillary pelvic lobe present. Anal fin with straight distal edge, tip of adpressed fin not reaching caudal-fin base. Caudal-fin somewhat emarginated, upper lobe as long as lower one. Caudal peduncle length 1.2–1.3 times its depth. Caudal adipose keels low and almost reaching anterior end of caudal peduncle base. Count of pores in cephalic sensory canal system as follows: 9 in supraorbital canal, 11–12 in infraorbital, 3 in occipital, 8–9 in mandibulo–opercular. Vertebral count 4+32–34. Intestine with bend behind stomach (Fig. 3). Air bladder fully enclosed in bony capsule. Color pattern. In fresh specimens, general background of body cinerous (Fig. 4). In formalin preserved specimens, general background of body yellowish brown. Irregular white spots scattered over dorsal and lateral aspects of body; sometimes predorsal region covered by irregular bars with narrow interspaces. Dorsal fin with dark blotch at base; dark spots more or less organized into 2 bands across branched rays. Blackish basal caudal bar indistinct and continuous, reaching dorsal and ventral midlines; caudal-fin with yellowish membranes between rays. Sexual dimorphism. No sexual dimorphism was noted and males lack a suborbital flap. Distribution. Known from the Leli-He(=River), a tributary of the You-Jiang (upper Pearl River drainage), Tianlin County, Guangxi Province, China (Fig.5). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin albus (white) and guttata (spotted), in reference to the irregular white spots scattered over the dorsal and lateral regions of the body.

Schistura alboguttata, sp. nov. (Fig. 1���4) Holotype. IHB2008050102, 65.9 mm SL, from the Leli-He, flowing into the You-Jiang of the upper Pearl River basin at Leli Town, Tianlin County, Guangxi Province, South China, about 24��17'44" N, 106��13'33" E, at an altitude of 310 m above sea level; collected by E Zhang and Liang Cao in May, 2008. Paratypes. IHB2008050101, IHB2008050103���7, 6 specimens, 59.2���76.5 mm SL; same collection data as holotype. Diagnosis. Schistura alboguttata can be distinguished from all currently identified Chinese congeners by its unique body coloration consisting of irregular white spots scattered over the dorsal and lateral aspects of the body, and sometimes the predorsal region covered by irregular bars with narrow interspaces. The following characters, not unique to the new species, but utilized to distinguish it from other species, include: processus dentiformis welldeveloped; lower jaw with a remarkable median notch; no suborbital flap; lateral line complete; pelvic fin inserted anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin; caudal fin emarginated; caudal-peduncle length 1.2���1.3 times depth; black bar at caudal fin continuous and reaching dorsal and ventral midlines. Description. Morphometric data are summarized in Table 2. Body anteriorly rounded and posteriorly compressed laterally toward caudal-fin base. Dorsal profile of head drastically sloping downward in front of anterior margin of eye; from there to posterior edge of cranium nearly straight. Dorsal profile of body convex. Body depth increasing to its maximum before dorsal-fin origin; slightly declining towards caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of head and prepelvic body nearly straight, slightly concave between pelvic-fin insertion and anal-fin origin, nearly straight in caudal peduncle. Dorsal and lateral body scales deeply embedded under skin; breast and belly scaleless. Lateral line complete. Head depressed, wider than deep. Snout pointedly rounded when viewed dorsally, blunt when viewed laterally; cheeks greatly inflated in larger individuals. Eyes small, situated dorso-laterally near top of head, usually in anterior half of head; invisible when viewed ventrally. Mouth inferior and curved. Lips thin; processus dentiformis well-developed; lower lip with median interruption and 3���5 furrows on each side, marked corresponding median notch present in lower jaw. Anterior nostrils close to posterior one and pierced in front side of flap-like tube. Inner rostral barbel nearly reaching corner of mouth, outer one not reaching anterior margin of eye; maxillary one surpassing vertical of hind margin of eye (Fig. 2). Fins flexible; D. iii, 8; P. i, 10���11; V. i, 6���7; A. iii, 5; C. 8+8 branched rays. Dorsal-fin origin closer to caudalfin base than to tip of snout, distal margin straight or slightly convex. Pectoral-fin inserted at vertical through posteriormost point of operculum origin, adpressed fin reaching nearly halfway to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin inserted anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin, adpressed tip reaching or not reaching anus. Axillary pelvic lobe present. Anal fin with straight distal edge, tip of adpressed fin not reaching caudal-fin base. Caudal-fin somewhat emarginated, upper lobe as long as lower one. Caudal peduncle length 1.2���1.3 times its depth. Caudal adipose keels low and almost reaching anterior end of caudal peduncle base. Count of pores in cephalic sensory canal system as follows: 9 in supraorbital canal, 11���12 in infraorbital, 3 in occipital, 8���9 in mandibulo���opercular. Vertebral count 4+32���34. Intestine with bend behind stomach (Fig. 3). Air bladder fully enclosed in bony capsule. Color pattern. In fresh specimens, general background of body cinerous (Fig. 4). In formalin preserved specimens, general background of body yellowish brown. Irregular white spots scattered over dorsal and lateral aspects of body; sometimes predorsal region covered by irregular bars with narrow interspaces. Dorsal fin with dark blotch at base; dark spots more or less organized into 2 bands across branched rays. Blackish basal caudal bar indistinct and continuous, reaching dorsal and ventral midlines; caudal-fin with yellowish membranes between rays. Sexual dimorphism. No sexual dimorphism was noted and males lack a suborbital flap. Distribution. Known from the Leli-He(=River), a tributary of the You-Jiang (upper Pearl River drainage), Tianlin County, Guangxi Province, China (Fig.5). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin albus (white) and guttata (spotted), in reference to the irregular white spots scattered over the dorsal and lateral regions of the body., Published as part of Cao, Liang & Zhang, E., 2018, Schistura alboguttata, a new loach species of the family Nemacheilidae (Pisces: Cypriniformes) from the Pearl River basin in Guangxi, South China, pp. 125-136 in Zootaxa 4471 (1) on pages 127-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4471.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1439568

To understand the present situation and requirements of health education in schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province, so as to improve the health education to the targeted people.Through the questionnaire survey and field investigation, the data of the present situation and requirements of health education in schistosomiasis control were collected in 24 counties (cities) of Hubei Province, and these data included the related institution structure of health education, basic information of personnel, equipment, funds, and health education working form. All the data collected were analyzed and evaluated.Among the 24 counties, there were 12 independent departments of health education, accounting for 50%. In terms of the basic information of the health education staff, the youngest person was 34 years old and the eldest was 58 years old, and the mean age was 46.55± 6.9 years. For the formal school education of the staff, 5 had senior high school or below education (20.8%), 16 had college education (66.7%), 3 had bachelor degree or above (12.5%). There were 10 counties (41.70%) with the special funds for health education work but there were 3 counties (12.50%) without the special funds.The effectiveness of health education work in schistosomiasis control is remarkable, but there are still deficiencies in professional staff and funds in Hubei Province.

This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of trauma flap healing promoted by the Zhikang capsule after radical breast cancer surgery. The enrolled breast cancer patients were randomly divided into two groups: treatment and observation. The patients in the treatment group were treated with the Zhikang capsule in addition to the conventional dressing changes, while patients in the observation group underwent only the regular dressing changes. Serum samples of 98 breast cancer patients (with complete clinical data) who underwent modified radical mastectomy were collected and analyzed for expressions of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The drainage fluid amount and tissue necrosis rate were found to be lower in the treatment group than in the observation group. Moreover, bFGF expression in peripheral blood was higher in the treatment group than in the observation group. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in the expression of TGF-β in peripheral blood. In conclusion, Zhikang capsule is effective in promoting flap healing after radical breast cancer surgery, and the increase of bFGF expression in peripheral blood may be the underlying mechanism.

We propose a new concept design about carbon-free vacuum cleaner. The carbon-free vacuum cleaner moves under the act of external forces instead of the motor, and transmits the rotation speed from low to the ideal speed with the gear up box. In order to to verify the reasonableness of the gear up mechanism and weather the designing of the gears meet the demand, we construct the detail assemble model of the gear up mechanism based on pro/e software, and then analyze the gear with the finite element analysis method.

A novel palmprint recognition method based on sparse two-dimensional local discriminant projections (S2DLDP) is proposed. After a description of the basic theory and resolution method for S2DLDP, the paper presents the detail palmprint feature extraction method based on S2DLDP, and tests the algorithm performance by various non-zero elements size and neighborhood size. S2DLDP considerers the class information, local separability, two-dimensional image inherent properties of training samples and sparse projection, which provides an intuitive, semantic and interpretable feature subspace for palmprint representation. The optimal recognition accuracy of EER=2.2% is obtained on PolyU palmprint database, which also illuminates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

In reference to international regional sewage pipe network and sewage treatment plant planning, the actual situation of China's villages and small town was investigated. According to the costs data from presented sewage pipe and sewage treatment plant construction system, the model on the sewage pipe network and sewage treatment plant charge was obtained. Then the model was simplified to be calculating the shortest distance between the wastewater treatment plant and the effluent discharge point. The suitable computing method for the shortest distance is building the minimum spanning tree. The software for computing was written with prim algorithm. The computing results can be used as a planning and design reference of sewage pipe network. The model method can be used for design program to select long-distance transmission or local treatment of the sewage.

The genus Monascus includes several species of fungi valued across Asia for their culinary uses and diverse medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers in characterizing the genetic diversity in 41 Monascus strains collected from various regions of Fujian Province, the leading producer of Monascus in China.Seven screened ISSR primers generated 56 polymorphic bands, of which 93.33% were polymorphic. The genetic similarity coefficients (GSC) of the strains ranged from 0.50 to 1.00. Comparative sequence analysis using seven screened RAPD primers amplified a total of 49 polymorphic bands, of which 81.67% were polymorphic; GSC values ranged from 0.62 to 1.00.Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation in genetic distances assessed using above two markers, which indicated they were suitable for Monascus species characterization. ISSR markers were more suitable for the classification and determination of Monascus species, while RAPD markers appear to be preferable for analyzing the differences among strains within the same species. Our study revealed that Monascus possesses rich genetic diversity, and that the genetic relationships among the selected strains were, to a very limited extent, correlated to their geographical variation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

CaTiO3-LaAlO3 (CTLA) ceramics with Al2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by conventional two-step solid-state reaction, and the sintering behavior and the microwave dielectric proprieties were investigated. The results show that the doping of Al2O3 nanoparticles can promote the growth of uniform grain, increase the density and Q× f value, while it has no obvious influence on the dielectric constant (~45). CTLA ceramics with 0.05 wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles doping, sintered at 1420°C for 4h exhibited the optimal microwave dielectric properties, and CTLA ceramics with 0.2 wt% Al2O3 nanoparticles doping sintered at 1380°C for 4h exhibited the optimal microwave dielectric properties, respectively. A proper increase of Al2O3 nanoparticles content can reduce the sintering temperature.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin on chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in mice and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Ethanol-exposed Balb/c mice were simultaneously treated with curcumin for 6 weeks. Liver injury was evaluated by biochemical and histopathological examination. Lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant activities were measured by spectrophotometric method. Anti-oxidative genes expression such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the phosphorylation states of specific proteins central to intracellular signaling cascades were measured by western blotting. Results: Curcumin treatment protected liver from chronic ethanol-induced injury through reducing serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, improving liver histological architecture, and reversing lipid disorders indicated by decrease of triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and increase of High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Meanwhile, curcumin administration attenuated oxidative stress via up-regulating SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities, leading to a reduction of lipid hydroperoxide production. In addition, curcumin increased Nrf2 activation and anti-oxidative genes expressions such as NQO1, HO-1, and SOD through inducing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 phosphorylation. Conclusion: Our data suggested that curcumin protected the liver from chronic-ethanol induced injury through attenuating oxidative stress, at least partially, through ERK/p38/Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant signaling pathways.

Neonicotinoid insecticides can impair bee learning and memory--cognitive features that play a key role in colony fitness because they facilitate foraging. For example, the commonly used neonicotinoid imidacloprid reduces honey bee olfactory learning. However, no studies have previously determined whether imidacloprid can impair aversive associative learning, although such learning should enhance bee survival by allowing bees to avoid dangerous foraging sites. To mimic attempted predation of foragers, we developed an electro-mechanical predator that consistently attacked foragers with a pinching bite at a fixed force and elicited aversive olfactory learning in a sting extension response (SER) assay. We show that chronic exposure to a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid (25.6 µg l(-1)=20.8 ppb) over 4 days (mean of 1.5 ng per bee day(-1)), significantly impaired aversive short-term learning and memory retention. Imidacloprid treatment reduced short-term learning by 87% and memory retention by 85% in comparison with control bees. Imidacloprid therefore impairs the ability of honey bees to associate a naturalistic predation stimulus--biting--with floral odor compounds. Such learning should enhance bee survival, suggesting that xenobiotics could alter more complex ecological interactions such as predator-prey relationships.

Huigobio exilicauda, new species (Fig. 2) Holotype. IHB 76 IV 7485, 65.8 mm SL; South China: Guangdong Province: Lianping County (approximately 114 �� 28 ��� E, 24 �� 22 ��� N): a tributary discharging into the Dong-Jiang of upper Pearl River basin; April 1976. Paratypes. IHB 76 IV 6929, 76IV 7483, 76IV 7490, 76IV 7499, 76IV 7501, 76IV 7583, 6 specimens, 56.1���71.1 mm SL; other data same as holotype. Non-type materials. All specimens were secured in 1976 from the Pearl River basin in Guangdong Province, China. IHB 76 IV 6228, 76IV 6232, 2 specimens, 54.4���67.3 mm SL; a tributary flowing into Bei-Jiang at Lechang City. IHB 76 IV 7672, 1 specimen, 67.0 mm SL; a tributary flowing into the Dong-Jiang at Xinfeng County. IHB 76 IV 6926, 76IV 6928, 2 specimens, 55.3 ���61.0 mm SL; a tributary flowing to the Dong-Jiang at Lianshan County. IHB 76 IV 6799 - 6801, 76IV 6803, 4 specimens, 50.2���56.8 mm SL; a tributary flowing to the Dong-Jiang at Lianzhou City. IHB 76 IV 1003, 1 specimen, 55.2 mm SL; a tributary flowing into the Dong-Jiang at Heping County. Diagnosis. Huigobio exilicauda is distinguished from H. chenhsienensis in having a slender (vs. stouter) caudal peduncle (depth 6.8���7.8 vs. 9.0��� 10.5 % of SL; length 17.1���19.5 vs. 13.9���16.3 % of SL); and a narrower (vs. greater) interorbital space than eye diameter, its width being 23.0��� 27.2 (vs. 28.5���37.4) % of HL. Description. Morphometric data for seven type specimens and 10 non-type ones are given in Table 2. See Figure 1 A for soft-tissue structures of the mouth and Figure 2 for general body appearance. Body elongate, anteriorly subcylindrical, and posteriorly compressed, with greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin, and least caudal-peduncle depth immediately anterior to caudal-fin base. Dorsal body profile slightly convex or straight from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; from there to caudal-fin base slightly concave. Ventral profile from snout tip to pectoral-fin insertion flat, from there to anal-fin origin convex then slightly concave from anal-fin origin to caudalfin base. Anus situated slightly nearer to pelvic-fin insertion than to anal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle slender and strongly compressed. Head small, shorter than or approximately equal to body depth. Snout bluntly rounded when viewed laterally, with shallow transverse notch across tip in front of nostrils. Eye large, dorsolaterally positioned nearly in middle of head. Interorbital space slightly concave, narrow, width shorter than eye diameter. Nostrils nearer to anterior margin of eye than to tip of snout. Maxillary barbels rooted at base of external surface of confluence between upper and lower lips around corner of mouth, shorter than half eye diameter. Mouth inferior and transverse, its cleft bending slightly backward at corner of mouth. Rostral fold simple and smooth, covering base of median portion of upper lip. Lips well-developed, and confluent around corners of mouth. Upper lip fimbriate or crenulated in median portion, and irregularly papillated on margin and inner surface of lateral portion. Papillae arranged in one row on median portion of upper lip, but in several rows on lateral portions. Lower lip modified into two lateral lobes and one central pad; two lateral lobes expanded posteriorly as a wing-like, more or less triangular, papillated flap, and connected posteromedially with each other, but not confluent. Central pad very small, fleshy, smooth, heart-shaped, and not bisected longitudinally by a groove. Upper and lower jaws exposed, especially lower one, with transverse cutting edges covered with horny sheaths. Dorsal fin with 1 simple or unbranched and 7 (17) branched rays, last one split to base; origin nearer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base; distal margin straight. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 10 (17) branched rays, longer than head; tip of adpressed fin extending beyond vertical through dorsal-fin origin, but not approaching pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7 (17) branched rays, inserted below third or fourth branched dorsal-fin ray, usually closer to caudal-fin base than to snout tip; pelvic-fin insertion nearly equidistant from snout tip and caudalfin base. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5 (17) branched rays; tip of adpressed fin not reaching caudal-fin base; origin equidistant from pelvic-fin insertion and caudal-fin base; distal margin slightly convex. Caudal fin shallowlyforked, upper and lower lobes equal in length and shape. Lateral line complete, extending along middle of flank. Lateral-line perforated scales 37 (6), 38 (9), or 39 (2). Scale rows above lateral line 3 1 / 2 (17) and below 2 1 / 2 (17). Predorsal scales 9 (17). Circumpeduncular scales 12 (17). Chest and belly between pectoral-fin base scaleless. Gas bladder reduced, anterior chamber enveloped in fibrous capsule, posterior chamber very small, stick-like. One row of pharyngeal teeth (IHB 76 IV 7673, 70.12 mm SL); tooth pattern 5 - 5, with hooked and pointed tips. Coloration in preservative. Body dorsally blackish, ventrally grayish-white. Top of head black; upper part of operculum with dark blotch. Longitudinal dark brown stripe, its width occupying about 2 scale rows, extending along lateral line covered with 7���8 vague black blotches. Scales above lateral line covered with dark chromatophores. 4 to 5 black crossbars on middle of dorsal region of body. Dorsal and caudal fins dusky, irregular spots scattered along branched rays. Other fins grey-white with fewer spots. Distribution. Known from the Pearl River basin at Lianping County, Lianzhou City, Lechang City, Xinfeng County, Lianshan County, Heping County, Wengyuan County, and Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, South China (Fig. 3). Etymology. The specific epithet, used as a noun, is made from a combination of the Latin word exilis (thin or slender) and cauda (tail), alluding to the presence of a slender caudal peduncle. Remarks. This new species has until now been misidentified as H. chenhsienensis. Fang (1938) described H. chenhsienensis on the basis of a single specimen from Chenhsien (now Shengzhou City), Chekiang (now Zhejiang) Province, in the Cao���e-Jiang basin. It was later reported from coastal river basins in Zhejiang Province (Luo et al., 1977; Mao, 1989). Specimens of the Zhu-Jiang basin in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces were also recognized as H. chenhsienensis (Zheng & Yang, 1989; Pan et al., 1990; Yue, 1998; Wen, 2006; Du et al., 2008). The same species was reported from the lake Poyang system of the lower Chang-Jiang basin in Jiangxi Province (Zhang et al., 1996; Huang & Wu, 2010). Our observation showed that the specimens of the lake Poyang system of the lower Chang-Jiang basin in Jiangxi Province are conspecific with H. chenhsienensis, but those of the Zhu-Jiang basin in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces represent an undescribed species, here named H. exilicauda. Du et al. (2008) reported on the occurrence of H. chenhsienensis in the Tuoniang-Jiang, a tributary discharging into the You- Jiang of the Zhu-Jiang basin in Yunnan Province, South China. We have no access to Du et al.���s material in this study, but their figure depicts a species having two lateral lobes of the lower lip interrupted by a large central pad, and longer maxillary barbels. These two characters do not place it in Huigobio, as here defined, but in Microphysogobio., Published as part of Jiang, Zhong-Guan & Zhang, E., 2013, Molecular evidence for taxonomic status of the gudgeon genus Huigobio Fang, 1938 (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with a description of a new species from Guangdong Province, South China, pp. 171-182 in Zootaxa 3731 (1) on pages 174-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/222197

Jiang, Zhong-Guan, Zhang, E. (2013): Molecular evidence for taxonomic status of the gudgeon genus Huigobio Fang, 1938 (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with a description of a new species from Guangdong Province, South China. Zootaxa 3731 (1): 171-182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.8

Huigobio Fang, 1938 Type species. Huigobio chenhsienensis Fang, 1938 Diagnosis. Huigobio, as here delimited, belongs in the subtribe Armatogobionina, tribe Gobionini, subfamily Gobioninae. This subtribe also includes the following six genera: Abbottina, Biwia, Microphysogobio, Platysmacheilus, Pseudogobio and Saurogobio. These seven genera differ from all other genera of the Gobioninae in having thick, well-developed and usually papillated lips, and reduced gas bladders (the anterior chamber enveloped in a thick fibrous capsule, and the posterior chamber outside the capsule and smaller). Huigobio is distinguished from all other genera of Armatogobionina by unique modifications in the lower lip (Fig. 1 A���B). The lower lip is modified into two lateral lobes and a central pad. Each lateral lobe is expanded as a wing-shaped flap fully covered with papillae and contacting its counterpart posteromedially, but is not completely confluent. The central pad is small and heart-shaped, but is not longitudinally bisected. Huigobio is similar to Microphysogobio and Platysmacheilus in the shared possession of sharp horny sheaths on the cutting edges of upper and lower jaws (Fig. 1 A���D), by which these three genera can be easily distinguished from all other genera of the Armatogobionina (Fig. 1 E���F). Huigobio is similar to Microphysogobio, with which it shares a heart-shaped central pad of the lower lip. It is distinguished from this genus by having a lower lip with a smaller (vs. larger), heart-shaped, longitudinally non-bisected (vs. bisected) central pad, and two lateral lobes that are in contact posteromedially (vs. completely separated by the central pad) (Fig. 1 A���C). Huigobio is similar to Platysmacheilus in the shared presence of well-developed, papillated, and wing-shaped lateral lobes of the lower lip. It is distinct from this genus in possessing a lower lip with (vs. without) a heart-shaped central pad, and two lateral lobes that are in contact posteromedially but are not confluent (vs. confluent) (Fig. 1 A, B, and D)., Published as part of Jiang, Zhong-Guan & Zhang, E., 2013, Molecular evidence for taxonomic status of the gudgeon genus Huigobio Fang, 1938 (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), with a description of a new species from Guangdong Province, South China, pp. 171-182 in Zootaxa 3731 (1) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3731.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/222197

An analysis of B+ -> K-S(0)pi(+) and B+ -> (KSK+)-K-0 decays is performed with the LHCb experiment. The pp collision data used correspond to integrated luminosities of 1fb(-1) and 2fb(-1) collected at centre-of-mass energies of root s=7TeV and root s=8TeV, respectively. The ratio of branching fractions and the direct CP asymmetries are measured to be B(B+ -> (KSK+)-K-0)/B(B+ -> K-S(0)pi(+)) = 0.064+/-0.009(stat.) +/- 0.004(syst.), A(CP)(B+ -> K-S(0)pi(+)) = -0.022 +/- 0.025 (stat.) +/- 0.010(syst.) and A(CP)(B+ -> (KSK+)-K-0)=-0.21 +/- 0.14(stat.) +/- 0.01(syst.). The data sample taken at root s = 7 TeV is used to search for B+c?K0SK+ decays and results in the upper limit (f(c).B (B-c(+) -> (KSK+)-K-0))/(f(u).B(B+ -> K-S(0)pi(+))) < 5.8 x 10(-2) at 90% confidence level, where f(c) and f(u) denote the hadronisation fractions of a quark into a B-c(+) or a B+ meson, respectively. (C) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Rectoris Lin 1935 Type species: Rectoris posehensis Lin 1935 Diagnosis. Rectoris is similar to Pseudocrossocheilus (sensu Zhang & Chen 1997) and Akrokolioplax (sensu Zhang & Kottelat 2006) in having a frenum connecting the upper jaw and lower lip at the corner of the mouth, a character readily distinguishing them from all other Chinese garrain genera. Rectoris differs from Akrokolioplax in having a rostral cap connected with (vs. disconnected from) the lower lip around the corners of mouth, welldeveloped (vs. minute) maxillary barbels and more lateral line scales (40–46 vs. 36–37) and lacking (vs. having) pair of moveable rostral flaps on the snout tip. It is distinct from Pseudocrossocheilus in possessing tiny (vs. prominent) papillae scattered over the lower lip and regularly arranged in many transverse rows (vs. irregularly arranged) and a pair of tiny (vs. well-developed) maxillary barbels and in lacking (vs. having) a pair of mental grooves on the chin.

Sinigarra napoense, new species Figures 2, 3; Table 1 Holotype. IHB 201001008, 87.3 mm SL, a tributary flowing into Zuo-Jiang of Zhu-Jiang (Pearl River) drainage at Napo County, Guangxi, South China; coll. Yu Zhu, July, 2010. Paratypes. IHB 201001010 ��� 11, 201001015 ��� 6, 201001018���22, 9 specimens, 46.8���84.6 mm SL, same data as holotype. Diagnosis. See generic diagnosis. Description. Morphometric data for ten type specimens are given in Table 1. Body elongate, slightly compressed, more so towards caudal-fin base, with greatest depth at dorsal-fin origin and least depth of caudal peduncle slightly closer to caudal-fin base than to posterior end of anal-fin base (Fig. 2). Dorsal profile of head slightly convex, with a small hump immediately posterior to head. Profile of predorsal body straight or slightly convex; from dorsal-fin origin to origin of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays profile somewhat concave. Ventral profile from snout tip to anal-fin origin rounded; from there to origin of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays nearly straight. Head relatively small, longer than wide. Eyes small with a wide, slightly convex interorbital space, dorsolaterally positioned in middle of head. Snout blunt in lateral view and pointed in dorsal view, with a shallow groove running along anteroventral border of lachrymal from rostral-barbel base to lateral extremity of rostral cap; no tubercle on its tip and anterior portion of lachrymal. Two pairs of tiny barbels; rostral barbel placed at anterior end of shallow sublachrymal groove on each side of snout and extending far away from anterior edge of eye; maxillary barbel rooted in corners of mouth, originating from exterior surface of confluence between anterolateral lobe of lower lip and lateral extremity of rostral cap, extending slightly beyond anterior edge of eye to opercle. Mouth inferior. TABLE 1. Morphometric data for type specimens of Sinigarra napoense. Paratypes (9) Rostral cap slightly crenulated in median part of its distal margin, and laterally connected with lower lip around corners of mouth. Upper lip present, but separated from upper jaw, laterally connected by a frenum with rostral cap and lower lip. Upper jaw with a thick flexible horny sheath on its margin, and laterally discontinuous from lower lip at corner of mouth (Fig. 3). Lower lip modified into a mental adhesive disc posteriorly discontinuous with mental region; mental adhesive disc composed of an anteromedian callous pad, two anterolateral lobes and two lateroposterior lobes. Anteromedian callous pad large, coarsely inverted-triangular, anteriorly separated from lower jaw by a transverse groove, lateroposteriorly bordered in an oblique groove with lateroposterior lobe, and posteromedially confluent with lateroposterior lobe. Anterior edge of anteromedian callous pad slightly protruded, but not forming a distinctive anteromedian fold and central part slightly protruded; no clearly delineated boundary between them. Anterolateral lobe small, irregularly furrowed, and placed between maxillary barbel and anteromedian callous pad. Lateroposterior lobe elongate, with its anterior end confluent with anterolateral lobe and its posterior end anteriorly confluent with anteromedian callus pad and posteriorly free, separated from its counterpart by a median interruption that slightly intrudes into the anteromedian callous pad. Indistinct papillae sparsely scattered over ventral margin of rostral cap and lower lip. Lower jaw bearing a thick, flexible, horny sheath on its distal margin. Dorsal-fin with four simple and 8 * (10) branched rays, last one split to base; origin slightly nearer to tip of snout than to caudal-fin base; last unbranched ray slightly shorter than HL; distal margin concave. Pectoral fin falcate, with one unbranched and 11 * (6) or 12 (4) branched rays, inserted posterior to vertical through posteriormost point of opercle, extending beyond halfway to pelvic-fin insertion and as far as fourth or fifth scale anterior to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin with one unbranched and 8 * (10) branched rays, inserted vertically posterior to first branched dorsal-fin ray base, but not extending to vent. Anal fin with three unbranched and 5 *(10) branched rays, last one split to base; distal margin slightly concave or straight; origin closer to pelvic-fin insertion than to caudalfin base. Caudal deeply forked; upper and lower lobes equal in length and shape. Body scales moderately sized; chest and belly scaled, scales smaller than ones on flank, especially those on nearby mid-ventral region, embedded beneath skin. Lateral line complete, horizontal, with 38 *(1), 40 (7) or 41 (2) plus three scales on caudal-fin base; scale rows above lateral line 5 * (10) and below 3 (5) or 4 * (5). Predorsal scales 13 (2), 14 *(4) or 15 (4), smaller than those on flank. Circumpeduncular scale rows 14 (4) or 16 *(6). Axillary scale present at pelvic-fin base, extending slightly beyond base of last ray. Anus apart from anal-fin origin by two scales. Pharyngeal teeth triserial; tooth pattern 2, 3, 5���5, 3, 2 (1), with pointed and compressed tips. Gas bladder bipartite; anterior chamber oval, wider than posterior one; posterior one stick-like or elongate with an enlarged, rounded distal end, about twice as long as anterior one. Intestine long, forming many coils. Gill rakes on outer side of first gill arch, sparse, short and small. Color pattern in formalin. Top of head, snout, cheek, opercle and subopercle brownish. Ventral surface of head yellowish-white. Ground color of body brownish dorsally and laterally, yellowish-white ventrally. Each scale on flank with dark chromatophores along exposed portion of its posterior margin forming a dark, crescentic, vertically-elongate mark; marks on scales above lateral line more prominent. Black mark on dorsal-fin base. Dorsal and caudal fins with dark chromatophores on fin rays, giving them a dusky appearance. Pectoral fins with dark chromatophores on anterior fin rays, giving them a dusky appearance. Pelvic and anal fins hyaline. Distribution. Known only from a tributary of the Zuo Jiang of the Zhu Jiang drainage at Napo County, Guangxi Province, South China (Fig. 4). Etymology. The specific epithet, used as adjective, is based on the type locality Napo County., Published as part of Zhang, E & Zhou, Wei, 2012, Sinigarra napoense, a new genus and species of labeonin fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Guangxi Province, South China, pp. 17-25 in Zootaxa 3586 on pages 19-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208616

Rectoris Lin 1935 Type species: Rectoris posehensis Lin 1935 Diagnosis. Rectoris is similar to Pseudocrossocheilus (sensu Zhang & Chen 1997) and Akrokolioplax (sensu Zhang & Kottelat 2006) in having a frenum connecting the upper jaw and lower lip at the corner of the mouth, a character readily distinguishing them from all other Chinese garrain genera. Rectoris differs from Akrokolioplax in having a rostral cap connected with (vs. disconnected from) the lower lip around the corners of mouth, welldeveloped (vs. minute) maxillary barbels and more lateral line scales (40���46 vs. 36���37) and lacking (vs. having) pair of moveable rostral flaps on the snout tip. It is distinct from Pseudocrossocheilus in possessing tiny (vs. prominent) papillae scattered over the lower lip and regularly arranged in many transverse rows (vs. irregularly arranged) and a pair of tiny (vs. well-developed) maxillary barbels and in lacking (vs. having) a pair of mental grooves on the chin., Published as part of Zhu, Ding-Gui, Zhang, E & Lan, Jia-Hu, 2012, Rectoris longibarbus, a new styglophic labeonine species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from South China, with a note on the taxonomy of R. mutabilis (Lin 1933), pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 3586 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.283108, {"references":["Lin, S. Y. (1935) Notes on a new genus and three new and two little known species of fishes from Kwangtung and Kwang Provinces. Lingnan Science Journal, 14, 303 - 313.","Zhang, E & Chen, J. X. (1997) A taxonomical revision of the genus Crossocheilus in China and a description of a new genus from China (Pisces: Cyprinidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 22, 321 - 326. [In Chinese]","Zhang, E, & Kottelat, M. (2006) Akrokolioplax, a new genus of Southeast Asian labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 1225, 21 - 30."]}

Rectoris longibarbus sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A and 3 A) Holotype. IHB 200808006, 129.6 mm SL, a stream tributary flowing into Zuo���Jiang of Zhu���Jiang (Pearl River) drainage at Jingxi County, Guangxi, South China; J. H. Lan, Aug., 2008. Paratypes. IHB 200808002, 200808004���5, 3 ex., 65.3���84.5 mm SL, same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Rectoris longibarbus is distinguished from two other congeneric species, i.e. R. mutabilis and R. posehensis, by the presence of a dumbbell-like (vs. slender) posterior chamber of the gas bladder, almost equal to (vs. twice as long as) the anterior chamber (Fig. 4), and rostral barbels longer (vs. shorter) than eye diameter, with their lengths 21.0��� 24.7 % of HL (vs. 10.2���18.8). It is similar to R. posehensis in having a longitudinal black stripe running along the lateral line on the flank, but further differs from this species in having a slightly papillated posteromedian patch on the median plate of the lower lip (vs. no patch). It is similar to R. mutabilis in the shared presence of a papillated posteromedian patch on the median plate of the lower lip, but further differs from this species in having a longitudinal black stripe running along the lateral line on the flank (vs. stripe absent). Description. Morphometric data for the four type specimens are summarized in Table 1. Body elongate, slightly compressed, more so toward caudal-fin base, with greatest body depth immediately anterior to dorsal-fin origin, and least caudal-peduncle depth closer to caudal-fin base than to posterior end of anal-fin base. Dorsal head profile slightly convex; ventral head profile straight. Dorsal body profile slightly convex anterior to dorsal-fin origin; straight or slightly convex from dorsal-fin origin to origin of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Ventral profile of body rounded anterior to anal-fin origin; somewhat concave from anal-fin origin to origin of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays. Head relatively small, longer and deeper than width. Eyes small, dorsolaterally placed in posterior half of head; interorbital space wide, somewhat convex. Snout blunt when viewed dorsally, with many tiny tubercles on snout tip and anterior part of lachrymal. Lateral portion of snout with a shallow, oblique furrow running from base of rostral barbel to lateral extremity of rostral fold along anteroventral border of lachrymal. Rostral barbels positioned at anterior end of shallow furrow on lateral portion of snout, longer than eye diameter; maxillary barbels minute, rooted in corners of mouth. Mouth slightly arch-shaped. Rostral fold or cap crenulated, covered densely with papillae, laterally connected with lower lip at corners of mouth. Upper lip greatly reduced or vestigial, with many tiny papillae arranged in a longitudinal row on upper jaw. Upper jaw bearing a thick, flexible, cornified sheath entirely covered by pendulous rostral fold, and laterally connected with lower lip by a frenum at corner of mouth. Lower lip anteriorly separated from lower jaw by a deep groove. Inner surface and anterior edge of free anterior part of median plate of lower lip densely covered with tiny papillae, regularly arranged in many transverse rows. Median plate of lower lip nearly round with a slightly papillose, round posteromedian patch. Lower jaw bearing a thick, cornified cutting edge. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8 * (4) branched rays, last one split to base; last simple ray longer than HL; distal margin slightly concave; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 12 *(1) or 14 (3) branched rays, equal to or slightly longer than HL; tip of depressed fin extending slightly beyond threefourths to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 8 *(4) branched rays, slightly shorter than HL; origin posterior to vertical of third dorsal-fin branched ray; tip of depressed fin surpassing anus, not reaching anal-fin origin; pelvic axillary scale long, extending beyond base of last ray. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5 *(4) branched rays, last one spilt to base; origin closer to pelvic-fin insertion than to caudal-fin base; distal margin concave. Anus anterior to anal-fin origin, separated from it by one scale. Caudal with 9 + 9 branched rays, deeply forked, upper and lower lobes equal in shape and length. Scales moderately large; lateral line complete, horizontal, 41 *(2), 42 (1) or 43 (1) plus 3 scales on caudal-fin base; 11 predorsal midline scales regularly arranged, smaller than those on flank; 1 / 2 5 / 1 / 4 1 / 2 *(4) scales in transverse row anterior to pelvic-fin insertion; circumpeduncular scales 16 *(4). Chest and belly scaled; scales along midventral region smaller than those of its nearby regions; scales on chest embedded beneath skin. Gas bladder bipartite, anterior chamber elliptical or round and posterior chamber stick-like, with both ends slightly enlarged, as long as anterior one (Fig. 4 A). Pharyngeal teeth triserial, tooth pattern 2,4,5���5,4,2 (IHB 200808002, 127.4 mm SL), with compressed and pointed tips (Fig. 5). Gill rakers sparse, short and small. Coloration. Top of head grayish; snout, cheek, opercle and subopercle grayish; venter of head yellowishwhite. Ground color of body grayish dorsally and laterally, yellowish-white ventrally. An indistinct longitudinal black stripe, roughly two scales in width, originating at upper extremity of gill opening, extending along lateral line on flank, and ending at middle of caudal-fin base. Each scale on flank with dark chromatophores along exposed portion of its posterior margin forming a dark, crescentic, vertically-elongate mark; marks on scales above longitudinal black stripe more prominent. Dorsal and caudal fins dusky, and dorsal surface of pectoral fins with dark chromatophores on fin rays, more dense on leading ray and posterior part of subsequent anterior fin rays, giving it a dusky appearance. Pelvic and anal fins hyaline. Sexual dimorphism. No differences were found between males and females Distribution. Known only from a tributary of the Zuo-Jiang of the Zhu-Jiang drainage at Biaoliang village, Lutong town, Jingxi County, Guangxi Province, South China (Fig. 6). Habitat and biology. Rectoris longibarbus was collected at a temporary pool of water spilled from a karst cave during the annual rainy season (late June to August) (Fig. 7 A���B). After the rainy season, this pool dries up until the onset of the next rainy season. Four other species that occur with this species are: Rectoris posehensis (Lin 1935) Yunnanilus jingxiensis (Zhu et al. 2009), Pseudogyrinocheilus longisulcus (Zheng et al. 2010), and Cophecheilus bamen (Zhu et al. 2011). These species were also found in the other temporary pool of water spilled from a karst cave in Pingjiang Village, Lutong Town during the third author���s 2009 and 2010 field surveys in another tributary of the Zuo���Jiang in Jingxi County, where no specimens of R. longibarbus were collected. Some morphological adaptations of this species to the cave environment are the longer rostral barbels, and longer dorsal, pectoral and pelvic fins compared with those of the two congeneric species (Table 2). Etymology. The specific epithet, used as a noun in apposition, is made from the Latin word ��� longus ��� (= long) and ��� barbus ��� (= barbel), in allusion to the presence of a pair of well-developed maxillary barbels. for R. mutabilis and R. luxiensis and made in this study for R. luxiensis., Published as part of Zhu, Ding-Gui, Zhang, E & Lan, Jia-Hu, 2012, Rectoris longibarbus, a new styglophic labeonine species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from South China, with a note on the taxonomy of R. mutabilis (Lin 1933), pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 3586 on pages 58-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.283108, {"references":["Lin, S. Y. (1935) Notes on a new genus and three new and two little known species of fishes from Kwangtung and Kwang Provinces. Lingnan Science Journal, 14, 303 - 313.","Zhu, Y., Du, L. N., Chen, X. Y. & Yang, J. X. (2009) A new nemacheiline loach of genus Yunnanilus (Balitoridae) from Guangxi, China- Yunnanilus jinxiensis. Zoological Research, 30, 195 - 198.","Zheng, L. P., Chen, X. Y. & Yang, J. X. (2010) A new species of genus Pseudogyrinocheilus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Guangxi, China. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 87, 93 - 97.","Zhu, Y., Zhang, E, Zhang, M. & Han, Y. Q. (2011) Cophecheilus bamen, a new genus and species of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from South China. Zootaxa, 2881, 39 - 51."]}

Sinigarra, new genus Figure 1 Diagnosis. Sinigarra belongs in the disc-bearing group composed of four other garrain genera, namely Garra, Placocheilus, Discogobio and Discocheilus. These five genera possess a lower lip modified into a mental adhesive disc posteriorly discontinuous from the mental region. Sinigarra is distinguished by having the anterior margin of the mental adhesive disc not modified (vs. modified) into an anteromedian crescentic fold, an upper lip present (vs. absent) but separated from the upper jaw, and indistinct (vs. more prominent) papillae scarcely (vs. densely) scatted over the rostral cap and lower lip or absent (Fig. 1). Type species. Sinigarra napoense , new species Etymology. The generic name is made from a combination of the Latin word Sinae (Chinese) and Garra, a generic name used for a group of labeonin species usually with a lower lip modified into a mental adhesive disc and three rows of pharyngeal teeth, in allusion to the presence of a similar disc-like structure. Gender: feminine., Published as part of Zhang, E & Zhou, Wei, 2012, Sinigarra napoense, a new genus and species of labeonin fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Guangxi Province, South China, pp. 17-25 in Zootaxa 3586 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208616

To verify the clinical efficacy on the function recovery of lower extremities for patients with cerebral apoplexy by the staging treatment with the combined therapy of the scalp and body acupuncture.Ninty-six cases were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 48 cases in each one. The conventional medication and rehabilitation therapy were given in each group. In the observation group, the combined therapy of the scalp acupuncture and the body acupuncture was provided by stages. At the flaccid stage, Futu (ST 32), Xuehai (SP 10), Zusanli (ST 36), etc. were selected. At the spasmodic stage, Huantiao (GB 30), Xuehai (SP 10), Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc. were selected. In combination with the scalp acupuncture the anterior oblique line of vertex-temploral (motor area) on the affected side was selected. In the control group, the acupoints were not selected according to the disease stages and no scalp acupuncture was applied, and the cases were treated with the needling technique as "regaining consciousness" and in light of the principle as "Yangming meridians specialized for Wei syndrome". The treatment lasted continuously for 8 weeks. The modified Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment (FMA) and Barthel index (BI) were used to assess the motor function of the lower extremities and the activities of daily living before and after treatment for the patients in two groups separately.FMA and BI score were all improved apparently after treatment for the patients in two groups (all P0.05), and FMA and BI score after treatment in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (both P0.05). In 8 weeks treatment, the walking ability rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [56.3% (27/48) vs 35./4% (17/48), P0.05]. The walking speed in the observation group was faster than that in the control group (P0.05).The combined therapy of the scalp and body acupuncture in the staging treatment improves obviously the motor function of the lower extremities and the activities of daily living for the patients with cerebral apoplexy. This therapy recovers as quickly as possible the walking ability and speed for the patients, which is superior to the conventional acupuncture in comparison.

The photodegradation of nonylphenol induced by two common freshwater algae was investigated. The mechanism of nonylphenol photodegradation induced by algae was analyzed. The synergistic induction of nonylphenol degradation by algae and substances in water such as humic acid and ferric ions was also investigated. Results showed that the algae could induce the photodegradation of nonylphenol. The degradation of nonylphenol in water in the presence of algae, humic acid and ferric ions was obvious and the efficiency of degradation could reach 58% after 4 h illumination. Based on the results, it was speculated that the algae, humic acid and ferric ions system could produce more active oxygen after illumination, which could promote the photodegradation of the organic contaminants in water.

Cophecheilus, new genus Type species: Cophecheilus bamen, new species Diagnosis. Cophecheilus can be distinguished from all other genera of the Garraina (sensu Stiassny and Getahun, 2007) by the presence of a shallow, arched, subdistal depression extending almost the entire length of the ventral margin of the rostral cap and partitioning this margin into a soft, slightly papillated anterior portion and a flexible, cornified, medially slightly furrowed but non-fimbriate posterior portion, and an upper lip reduced to a thin membranous fold which is medially adnate to the upper jaw but reflected slightly from its distal edge, and laterally produced into a frenum connecting the upper jaw with the lower lip (Fig. 1). The genus is further separated by having a unique combination of the following characters: lower lip partitioned into one median lobe and two lateral lobes by long postlabial grooves extending anteromedially close to the anterolateral margin of the median lobe, with a gap between their anterior margins wider than one-third of the mouth gape; many lobate papillae scattered over anterior part of median lobe of lower lip; lower jaw separated from lower lip by a deep groove along its entire length, with a thick, flexible, cornified sheath on its anterior margin; rostral cap completely overlying upper jaw and laterally connected with lower lip around corners of mouth; mouth opening arched, width greater than three-fourths of corresponding head width; three rows of pharyngeal teeth; two pairs of well-developed barbels, antero-rostral position of rostral barbels; and eight branched dorsal-fin rays. Table 2 Morphometric data for Cophecheilus bamen. Paratypes (8) Characters Holotype Range Mean SD Standard length (mm) 105.7 65.3–84.5 78.8 11.49 Percentage of standard length Body depth 26.7 25.7 –31.0 27.4 1.45 Head length 22.3 22.6–24.8 23.4 0.76 Caudal-peduncle length 16.2 15.8 –19.0 17.3 0.98 Caudal-peduncle depth 12.8 12.5–13.9 13.0 0.45 Dorsal length 24.7 21.4–23.5 22.8 1.01 Pectoral length 22.0 10.3 –23.0 21.5 1.17 Ventral length 19.4 17.3–20.9 18.7 1.18 Anal length 17.3 16.0– 19.1 17.7 0.99 Predorsal length 49.8 48.3-51.8 49.5 1.14 Prepectoral length 22.7 21.8–24.1 22.8 0.69 Preventral length 55.3 50.1–54.6 52.6 1.50 Preanal length 77.4 71.0– 77.4 74.7 1.97 Percentage of head length Head depth 67.2 63.2 –70.0 65.9 2.14 Head width 67.6 62.1–68.3 64.8 2.13 Snout length 36.9 32.1–37.5 36.1 2.21 Eye diameter 20.4 20.2 –25.0 22.5 1.59 Postorbial length 51.3 44.2–50.6 48.1 2.32 Etymology. The generic name is a Latinized combination of the Greek words k &omacr; pheia (depression) and cheilos (lips), the latter a commonly used suffix for Labeonin genera, alluding to the presence of a shallow, arched, subdistal depression along the ventral margin of the rostral cap. Gender: masculine.

Cophecheilus bamen, new species (Figs. 2 a, 3; Table 2) Holotype: IHB 2000800009, 105.7 mm SL, a tributary flowing into Zuo-Jiang of Zhu-Jiang (Pearl River) drainage at Jingxi County, Guangxi, South China; coll. J.H. Lan July, 2008. Paratypes: IHB 2000800010 ���7, 8, 65.3���84.5 mm SL, same data as holotype. Diagnosis. See the generic diagnosis. Description. Morphometric data for nine type specimens are given in Table 2. Body elongate, compressed laterally, with greatest depth at dorsal-fin origin and least depth of caudal peduncle slightly closer to caudal-fin base than to posterior end of anal-fin base. Dorsal profile of body gradually ascending from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; from there to origin of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays profile slightly concave. Ventral profile from tip of snout to pectoral-fin insertion nearly straight; from there to anal-fin origin convex; anal-fin base straight; from posterior end of anal-fin base to origin of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays slightly concave. Head relatively small, longer than wide. Eye medium-sized with a wide, slightly convex interorbital space, dorsolaterally placed in anterior half of head. Snout blunt in lateral view and pointed in dorsal view, with a shallow groove running along anteroventral border of lachrymal from rostral-barbel base to lateral extremity of rostral cap; no tubercles on its tip and anterior portion of lachrymal. Two pairs of well-developed barbels; rostral barbel positioned at anterior end of shallow sublachrymal groove on each side of snout and extending to posterior margin of eye or not; maxillary barbel rooted in corner of mouth, originating from exterior surface of confluence between lateral lobe of lower lip and lateral extremity of rostral cap, and extending beyond posterior margin of eye to opercle. Mouth inferior and arched. Dorsal-fin with four unbranched and 8 * (9) branched rays, last one split to base; origin slightly nearer to tip of snout than to caudal-fin base; last unbranched ray longer than HL; distal margin slightly concave. Pectoral fin falcate, with one unbranched and 14 (1), 15 * (6) or 16 (2) branched rays, inserted posterior to vertical through posterior-most point of opercle, reaching three-fourths of distance to pelvic-fin insertion and as far as third or fourth scale anterior to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin with one unbranched and 7 * (9) branched rays, inserted vertically posterior to second branched dorsal-fin ray base, and extending to vent, but not to anal-fin origin. Anal fin with three unbranched and 5 * (9) branched rays, last one split to base; distal margin slightly concave; origin placed equidistant between pelvic-fin insertion and caudal-fin base. Caudal deeply forked; upper and lower lobes equal in length and shape, with tapering rounded tips. Body scales moderately sized; chest and belly scaled, scales slightly smaller than ones on flank. Lateral line complete, horizontal 43 * (6), 44 (1) or 45 (1) plus three scales on caudal-fin base; scale rows above lateral line 7 (3) or 8 * (6) and below 6 (3) or 7 * (6). Predorsal scales 16 (4) or 17 * (5), smaller than ones on flank, and anteriorly embedded under skin. Circumpeduncular scale rows 22 * (9). Axillary scale present at pelvic-fin base, extending beyond base of last ray. Two scales between vent and anal-fin origin. Vertebrae 41���42 (6) [26 + 15 = 41 * (1), 25 + 16 = 41 (2), 26 + 16 = 42 (2), or 25 + 17 = 42 (1)]. Pharyngeal teeth triserial; tooth pattern 2, 3, 4 ���4, 3, 2 (1), with compressed and pointed tips (Fig. 4 a). Gas bladder bipartite; anterior chamber oval, wider than posterior one; posterior chamber stick-like or elongate with an enlarged, rounded distal end, about twice as long as anterior one (Fig. 4 b). Intestine long, forming many coils. Gill rakers on outer side of first gill arch 15���17 (4), short and small. Color pattern in formalin. Top of head grayish brown, snout and lip grayish; cheek with sparse brownish pigments; opercle and subopercle brownish. Ground color of body grayish brown dorsally and laterally, yellowish white ventrally. An indistinct longitudinal black stripe, about one and half scales in width, originating near upper extremity of gill opening and terminating at caudal-fin base in a vertical bar extending along first scale row directly above lateral line anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin, thereafter along lateral line to caudal-fin base. Each scale on flank with dark chromatophores along exposed part of its posterior margin constituting a dark, crescentic, vertically-elongate mark; marks on scales above lateral line and directly below more prominent. Dorsal and caudal fins with dark chromatophores on fin rays, giving them a dusky appearance, and pectoral and pelvic fins with dark chromatophores on fin rays, more densely on anterior fin rays, giving them a dusky appearance. Anal fins hyaline. Distribution. Known only from a tributary flowing into the Zuo-Jiang of the Pearl River drainage at Jingxi County, Guangxi Province, South China (Fig. 5). Etymology. The specific epithet, used as a noun in apposition, is made from Ba Men, the local name of this and similar species., Published as part of Zhu, Yu, Zhang, E, Zhang, Ming & Han, Yao-Quan, 2011, Cophecheilus bamen, a new genus and species of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from South China, pp. 39-50 in Zootaxa 2881 on pages 43-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200781

Cophecheilus bamen, new species (Figs. 2 a, 3; Table 2) Holotype: IHB 2000800009, 105.7 mm SL, a tributary flowing into Zuo-Jiang of Zhu-Jiang (Pearl River) drainage at Jingxi County, Guangxi, South China; coll. J.H. Lan July, 2008. Paratypes: IHB 2000800010 –7, 8, 65.3–84.5 mm SL, same data as holotype. Diagnosis. See the generic diagnosis. Description. Morphometric data for nine type specimens are given in Table 2. Body elongate, compressed laterally, with greatest depth at dorsal-fin origin and least depth of caudal peduncle slightly closer to caudal-fin base than to posterior end of anal-fin base. Dorsal profile of body gradually ascending from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; from there to origin of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays profile slightly concave. Ventral profile from tip of snout to pectoral-fin insertion nearly straight; from there to anal-fin origin convex; anal-fin base straight; from posterior end of anal-fin base to origin of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays slightly concave. Head relatively small, longer than wide. Eye medium-sized with a wide, slightly convex interorbital space, dorsolaterally placed in anterior half of head. Snout blunt in lateral view and pointed in dorsal view, with a shallow groove running along anteroventral border of lachrymal from rostral-barbel base to lateral extremity of rostral cap; no tubercles on its tip and anterior portion of lachrymal. Two pairs of well-developed barbels; rostral barbel positioned at anterior end of shallow sublachrymal groove on each side of snout and extending to posterior margin of eye or not; maxillary barbel rooted in corner of mouth, originating from exterior surface of confluence between lateral lobe of lower lip and lateral extremity of rostral cap, and extending beyond posterior margin of eye to opercle. Mouth inferior and arched. Dorsal-fin with four unbranched and 8 * (9) branched rays, last one split to base; origin slightly nearer to tip of snout than to caudal-fin base; last unbranched ray longer than HL; distal margin slightly concave. Pectoral fin falcate, with one unbranched and 14 (1), 15 * (6) or 16 (2) branched rays, inserted posterior to vertical through posterior-most point of opercle, reaching three-fourths of distance to pelvic-fin insertion and as far as third or fourth scale anterior to pelvic-fin insertion. Pelvic fin with one unbranched and 7 * (9) branched rays, inserted vertically posterior to second branched dorsal-fin ray base, and extending to vent, but not to anal-fin origin. Anal fin with three unbranched and 5 * (9) branched rays, last one split to base; distal margin slightly concave; origin placed equidistant between pelvic-fin insertion and caudal-fin base. Caudal deeply forked; upper and lower lobes equal in length and shape, with tapering rounded tips. Body scales moderately sized; chest and belly scaled, scales slightly smaller than ones on flank. Lateral line complete, horizontal 43 * (6), 44 (1) or 45 (1) plus three scales on caudal-fin base; scale rows above lateral line 7 (3) or 8 * (6) and below 6 (3) or 7 * (6). Predorsal scales 16 (4) or 17 * (5), smaller than ones on flank, and anteriorly embedded under skin. Circumpeduncular scale rows 22 * (9). Axillary scale present at pelvic-fin base, extending beyond base of last ray. Two scales between vent and anal-fin origin. Vertebrae 41–42 (6) [26 + 15 = 41 * (1), 25 + 16 = 41 (2), 26 + 16 = 42 (2), or 25 + 17 = 42 (1)]. Pharyngeal teeth triserial; tooth pattern 2, 3, 4 –4, 3, 2 (1), with compressed and pointed tips (Fig. 4 a). Gas bladder bipartite; anterior chamber oval, wider than posterior one; posterior chamber stick-like or elongate with an enlarged, rounded distal end, about twice as long as anterior one (Fig. 4 b). Intestine long, forming many coils. Gill rakers on outer side of first gill arch 15–17 (4), short and small. Color pattern in formalin. Top of head grayish brown, snout and lip grayish; cheek with sparse brownish pigments; opercle and subopercle brownish. Ground color of body grayish brown dorsally and laterally, yellowish white ventrally. An indistinct longitudinal black stripe, about one and half scales in width, originating near upper extremity of gill opening and terminating at caudal-fin base in a vertical bar extending along first scale row directly above lateral line anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin, thereafter along lateral line to caudal-fin base. Each scale on flank with dark chromatophores along exposed part of its posterior margin constituting a dark, crescentic, vertically-elongate mark; marks on scales above lateral line and directly below more prominent. Dorsal and caudal fins with dark chromatophores on fin rays, giving them a dusky appearance, and pectoral and pelvic fins with dark chromatophores on fin rays, more densely on anterior fin rays, giving them a dusky appearance. Anal fins hyaline. Distribution. Known only from a tributary flowing into the Zuo-Jiang of the Pearl River drainage at Jingxi County, Guangxi Province, South China (Fig. 5). Etymology. The specific epithet, used as a noun in apposition, is made from Ba Men, the local name of this and similar species.

Cophecheilus, new genus Type species: Cophecheilus bamen, new species Diagnosis. Cophecheilus can be distinguished from all other genera of the Garraina (sensu Stiassny and Getahun, 2007) by the presence of a shallow, arched, subdistal depression extending almost the entire length of the ventral margin of the rostral cap and partitioning this margin into a soft, slightly papillated anterior portion and a flexible, cornified, medially slightly furrowed but non-fimbriate posterior portion, and an upper lip reduced to a thin membranous fold which is medially adnate to the upper jaw but reflected slightly from its distal edge, and laterally produced into a frenum connecting the upper jaw with the lower lip (Fig. 1). The genus is further separated by having a unique combination of the following characters: lower lip partitioned into one median lobe and two lateral lobes by long postlabial grooves extending anteromedially close to the anterolateral margin of the median lobe, with a gap between their anterior margins wider than one-third of the mouth gape; many lobate papillae scattered over anterior part of median lobe of lower lip; lower jaw separated from lower lip by a deep groove along its entire length, with a thick, flexible, cornified sheath on its anterior margin; rostral cap completely overlying upper jaw and laterally connected with lower lip around corners of mouth; mouth opening arched, width greater than three-fourths of corresponding head width; three rows of pharyngeal teeth; two pairs of well-developed barbels, antero-rostral position of rostral barbels; and eight branched dorsal-fin rays. Table 2 Morphometric data for Cophecheilus bamen. Paratypes (8) Characters Holotype Range Mean SD Standard length (mm) 105.7 65.3���84.5 78.8 11.49 Percentage of standard length Body depth 26.7 25.7 ���31.0 27.4 1.45 Head length 22.3 22.6���24.8 23.4 0.76 Caudal-peduncle length 16.2 15.8 ���19.0 17.3 0.98 Caudal-peduncle depth 12.8 12.5���13.9 13.0 0.45 Dorsal length 24.7 21.4���23.5 22.8 1.01 Pectoral length 22.0 10.3 ���23.0 21.5 1.17 Ventral length 19.4 17.3���20.9 18.7 1.18 Anal length 17.3 16.0��� 19.1 17.7 0.99 Predorsal length 49.8 48.3-51.8 49.5 1.14 Prepectoral length 22.7 21.8���24.1 22.8 0.69 Preventral length 55.3 50.1���54.6 52.6 1.50 Preanal length 77.4 71.0��� 77.4 74.7 1.97 Percentage of head length Head depth 67.2 63.2 ���70.0 65.9 2.14 Head width 67.6 62.1���68.3 64.8 2.13 Snout length 36.9 32.1���37.5 36.1 2.21 Eye diameter 20.4 20.2 ���25.0 22.5 1.59 Postorbial length 51.3 44.2���50.6 48.1 2.32 Etymology. The generic name is a Latinized combination of the Greek words k &omacr; pheia (depression) and cheilos (lips), the latter a commonly used suffix for Labeonin genera, alluding to the presence of a shallow, arched, subdistal depression along the ventral margin of the rostral cap. Gender: masculine., Published as part of Zhu, Yu, Zhang, E, Zhang, Ming & Han, Yao-Quan, 2011, Cophecheilus bamen, a new genus and species of labeonine fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from South China, pp. 39-50 in Zootaxa 2881 on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.200781, {"references":["Stiassny, M. L. J. & Getahun, A. (2007) An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro- Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 41 - 83."]}

Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii (Regan, 1908) (Fig. 2 A���E; Fig. 3 A���B) Gymnostoma kreyenbergii Regan, 1908: 109 (Nankancho, near Tinghsiang = presently Pingxiang City of Jiangxi Province); Kreyenberg & Pappenheim, 1908: 97 (Yangtze River). Barbus hemispinus cinctus Lin, 1931: 124 (Yaoshan, Kwangsi). Lissiocheilus hemispinus: Lin, 1933: 213 (Yaoshan, Kuangxi); Wu, 1939: 101 (Yangshuo, Guangxi). Acrossocheilus (Lissochilichthys) hemispinus cinctus: Wu et al., 1977: 278 (Yangshuo and Guilin, Guangxi). Acrossocheilus hemispinus: Fang, 1981: 75 (Xing���an, Guilin, Yangshuo, Lipu, Pingle, Zhaoping, Longsheng, Xiangzhou, Longzhou, Wuzhou, and Bobai, Guangxi); Lin, 1989: 180 (Guilin, Guangxi); Chen et al., 1991: 146 (Zhaoqing, Guangdong). Acrossocheilus hemispinus hemispinus: Zhang, Liu & He, 1996: (northeastern Jiangxi Province) Acrossocheilus hemispinus cinctus: Shan et al., 2000: 102 (Yangshuo and Guilin, Guangxi). Diagnosis. A barred species of Acrossocheilus with six vertical black bars, each two scales in width, on the flank. The vertical bars are more indistinct in adult males than in females, absent in some larger individuals. Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii shares with A. fasciatus (Steindachner), A. jishouensis Zhao, Chen & Li, A. parallens (Nichols) and A. wenchowensis Wang the presence of the second primary vertical black bar positioned posterior to the base of the last simple dorsal-fin ray and a longitudinal black stripe extending along the lateral line on the flank of adults. This species is similar to A. jishouensis and A. parallens, with which it shares the possession of vertical bars not extending beyond the lateral line on the flank, but differs from them in having a stout (vs. slender) last simple dorsal-fin ray. It is further separated from A. jishouensis by having small serrations along the posterior edge of the last simple dorsal-fin ray (vs. absent) and from A. parallens by having oblong, black blotches on the membranes between the dorsal-fin rays (vs. absent). Description. Morphometric data are provided in Table 1; refer to Figures 2 and 3 for general body appearance. Body elongate, compressed; greatest body depth immediately anterior to dorsalfin origin; least depth of caudal peduncle closer to caudal-fin base than to posterior end of anal-fin base. Dorsal profile convex; ventral profile round. Head moderately small; interorbital space wide, somewhat convex. Eye moderately large, dorsolaterally positioned. Snout blunt, protruding, with a shallow lateral groove extending along anteroventral margin of lachrymal, confluent with postlabial groove. Mouth subterminal, deeply arched. Gape greater than one-thirds of head width. Upper jaw extending posteriorly to vertical below nostril. Rostral fold present, overlying base of upper lip. Upper lip fleshy, fully adnate to upper jaw, continuous with lower lip around corners of mouth. Lower lip well-developed, completely bisected longitudinally by a shallow groove at dentary symphysis into two lateral lobes, separated from lower jaw by a groove extending along full length of lower jaw. Two lateral lobes closely in contact with each other in females, separated in males by a median interruption on lower jaw, width less than one-third of gape width. Postlabial groove extending anteromedially close to midline of lower jaw, but not meeting with postlabial groove of lower jaw. Lower jaw with a horny cutting margin covered by lower lip. Two pairs of barbels, welldeveloped:rostral pair not extending beyond maxillary barbel base; maxillary pair extending beyond midpoint of eye. Nostrils nearer to anterior margin of eye than to snout tip. Gas bladder bipartite, anterior chamber elliptical, and posterior chamber slender, twice as long as anterior one. Dorsal fin with three simple and eight branched rays, last one split to base; last simple ray spinous, stout with many serrations along posterior margin; origin equidistant between snout tip and caudal-fin base, or slightly posterior thereto; distal margin slightly concave. Pectoral fin with one simple and 14 or 15 branched rays; tip of depressed fin not extending to pelvic-fin origin, separated from it by 2 to 4 scales. Pelvic fin with one simple and eight branched rays, inserted vertically posterior to base of first branched dorsal-fin ray, extending beyond halfway to anal-fin origin, but not as far as anus; a pelvic axillary scale present, long, extending beyond base of last ray. Anal fin with three simple and five branched rays, its origin equidistant between pelvic-fin origin and caudal-fin base in males, closer to latter in females. Anus located immediately anterior to anal-fin origin. Caudal fin deeply forked, its longest ray twice as long as shortest one. Body scales moderately large dorsally and laterally, slightly reduced ventrally. Lateral line complete, with 38���41 perforated scales, running medially along caudal peduncle; 5 or 5 1 / 2 scale rows above lateral line; 3 or 3 1 / 2 scale rows below it; 11 or 13 predorsal scales, almost of same size as flank scales, not embedded beneath skin. 16 circumpeduncular scales. Coloration in preserved specimens. In adult females (greater than 100 mm SL), body dorsally brown, ventrally yellow, with six vertical black bars (P 1���5 + S 3), each bar two scales in width, not extending vertically beyond lateral line; a longitudinal black stripe extending along lateral line on flank. First primary vertical bar (P 1) positioned medially above pectoral fin, second primary vertical bar (P 2) below posterior end of dorsal-fin base or somewhat anteriorly positioned, third primary vertical bar (P 3) posterior to tip of depressed pectoral fin or anterior to anal-fin origin, fourth primary vertical bar (P 4) through posterior end of anal-fin base and fifth primary vertical bar (P 5) on caudal-fin base, positioned vertically through dorsal and ventral origin of caudal fin. Third secondary vertical bar (S 3) positioned above pelvic fin. Vertical bars in adult males fainter than in adult females, or absent. In juveniles (less than 60 mm SL), six vertical bars, each bar two scales in width, extending vertically to second or third scale row below lateral line, with no longitudinal black stripe extending along lateral line on flank. Dorsal fin with a hyaline distal margin, all rays hyaline, with an oblong, black blotch on each interradial membrane. Caudal fin dusky; pectoral, pelvic and anal fins yellow and grey. Sexual dimorphism. Sex determination is based on tuberculation, body size, anal-fin shape and length, width of lower lip lobes and body coloration. Tubercles on snout tip and anterior portion of lachrymal larger and more prominent in males than in females. Variable-sized tubercles present on side of branched anal-fin rays, distributed from second to fourth ray in two or three rows at distal portion of each ray in males, absent in females. Anal fin with a truncate distal margin in males, a slightly convex distal margin in females. Anal fin longer in females than in males, with tip of depressed fin reaching ventral origin of caudal fin. Difference in anal-fin length between females and males is given in Table 1. Females slightly larger in size than males. Thirty-three male specimens examined were 69.2���137.9 (mean 108.4) mm SL and 25 female specimens examined were 68.5���155.3 (mean 118.8) mm SL. Two lobes of lower lip closely in contact with each other in females, separated by a median interruption on lower jaw in males. For sexual differences in body coloration, see above. Distribution. Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii is currently known from the Xi Jiang basin in Guangxi Province, the Xin Jiang, Chang Jiang and Le���an Jiang basins in Jiangxi Province, the Ling Jiang basin in Zhejiang Province, and the lower Yangtz River basin in southern Anhui Province., Published as part of Yuan, Le - Yang & Zhang, E, 2010, Type locality and identity of Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii (Regan, 1908), a senior synonym of Acrossocheilus cinctus (Lin, 1931) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 36-44 in Zootaxa 2684 on pages 37-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199416, {"references":["Regan, C. T. (1908) Description of new fishes from Lake Candidius, Formosa, collected by Dr. Moltrecht., Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series, 8, 358 - 360.","Kreyenberg, W. & Pappenheim, P. (1908) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fische der Jangtze und seiner Zuflusse. Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 95 - 109 [in Germeny].","Lin, S. Y. (1931) Carp and carp - like fishes of Kwangtung and adjacent inlands. Fisheries Series. Fisheries Experiment Station Publication, Canton, pp. 167 [in Chinese].","Lin, S. Y. (1933) Contribution to a study of Cyprinidae of Kwangtung and adjacent provinces, Fisheries Series. Lingnan Science Journal, 2, 209 - 215.","Wu, H. W. (1939) On the fishes of Li-Kiang. Sinensia, 10, 92 - 142.","Wu, H. W., Lin, R. D. & Chen, Q. X. (1977) Barbinae. In: Wu, H. W. (eds.), The cyprinid fishes of China. Part 2. Shanghai People's Press, Shanghai, pp. 229 - 394 [in Chinese].","Fang, S. X. (1981) Barbinae. In: Zheng B. S. (eds.), The freshwater fishes from Guangxi, China. Guangxi People's Press, Nanning, pp. 67 - 111 [in Chinese].","Zhang, E., Liu, H. Z. & He, C. C. (1996) Ichthyofauna of the northestern area of Jiangxi Province. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 31, 3 - 12.","Shan, X. H., Lin, R. D., Yue, P. Q. & Chu, X. L. (2000) Barbinae. In: Yue, P. Q. (eds.) Fauna Sinica (Osteichthyes: Cypriniformes III). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 3 - 107 [in Chinese]."]}

Yuan, Le - Yang, Zhang, E (2010): Type locality and identity of Acrossocheilus kreyenbergii (Regan, 1908), a senior synonym of Acrossocheilus cinctus (Lin, 1931) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa 2684: 36-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199416

The sorption of 4-octylphenol (4-OP) by two freshwater algae was investigated. Results showed that the sorption of 4-octylphenol by algae was obvious and quick, where 20% of initial 4-OP (2 mg/L) was accumulated by Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and 46% initial 4-OP (2 mg/L) was accumulated by Anabaena cylindrical (AC) after 5 min incubation. The sorption got equilibrium at 1 h after incubation. Langmuir sorption model was good appropriate type for this sorption. The effect of pH value on CV sorption was obvious than that on AC sorption. The sorption capacity of the biomass of two algae increased with the decrease of pH value. The analyzing of interaction between algae and 4-octylphenol was performed by fluorescence spectrum. Results showed that the algae could weaker the fluorescence spectrum intensity of 4-octylphenol and result in red shift of the maximum absorbance wavelength of mixture solution. Based on the results, it was speculated that algae bound with the contamination could use the near UV region of solar radiation and induced the contamination degradation.

Pseudobagrus fui (Figs. 1–5; Table 1) Pseudobagrus fui Miao, 1934: 217 (Chinkiang) Pelteobagrus nitidus (nec Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant, 1874): Ze, 1989: 238 (Chishui He, a tributary flowing to upper Yangtze River drainage); Li, 1994: 453 (in part: Leshan City in Sichuan Province and Nanchong County in Chongqing City). Material examined. IHB 992344 –56, 992361, (14), 60.7–112.5 mm SL; China: Chongqing City: upper Yangtze River drainage in Mudong Town of Ba’nan County; IHB 2519, (1), 98.4 mm SL, China: Sichuan Province: Min River of upper Yangtze River drainage in Leshan City; IHB 586052 –3, 586017, (3), 112.4–124.9 mm SL, China: Sichuan Province: Jialing Jiang of upper Yangtze River drainage in Nanchong City; IHB 200520743, 581038, 584352, 583168– 9 (5), 101.9–126.4 mm SL, China: Chongqing City: upper Yangtze River drainage in Mudong Town of Ba’nan County; IHB 586122 – 4, (3), 84.3–107.5 mm SL, China: Chongqing City: Jialing Jiang of upper Yangtze River drainage in Hechuan County; IHB 5343, (1), 120.5 mm SL, China: Chongqing City: Jialing Jiang of upper Yangtze River drainage in Beibei County; IHB 746490, (1), 117.8 mm SL, China: Sichuan Province: Tuo Jiang of upper Yangtze River drainage in Hushi Town of Luzhou City; IHB uncatalogued, (3), 111.3–133.8 mm SL, no precise data in Chongqing City; IHB 73 VI 1493, 79III 0089, (2), 87.4–129.9 mm SL, China: Sichuan Province: Jinsha Jiang of upper Yangtze River drainage in Yibing City; IHB uncatalogued, (3), 104.4–110.5 mm SL, China: Chongqing City: upper Yangtze River drainage in Fuling County; IHB 6650207, (1), 112.5 mm SL, China: Guizhou Province: Wu River of upper Yangtze River drainage in Si’nan County; IHB uncatalogued, (1), 118.1 mm SL, China: Guizhou Province: Chishui He, a tributary of upper Yangtze River drainage in Maotai Town. Diagnosis. Pseudobagrus fui differs from all other currently recognized congeners by having 27–33 analfin rays (vs. 12–25). It is part of a group of species identified by Ku et al. (2007) as being characterized by having a smooth anterior edge of the pectoral-fin spine and short maxillary barbels not extending to the base of the pectoral-fin spine. Pseudobagrus fui, along with P. nitidus and P. vachelli, is distinguished from all other fork-tailed species of this group of species in having no fewer than 20 (vs. 14–19) branched anal-fin rays, the anal-fin base longer (vs. shorter) than the adipose-fin base and the posterior end of the anal-fin base posterior to (vs. anterior to) the vertical through the posterior end of the adipose-fin base. Pseudobagrus fui is further differentiated from P. nitidus in having a gas bladder without (vs. with) beaded lateral and posterior margins (Fig. 2) and longer anal-fin base (length 30.1–35.9 % of SL vs. 23.6–30.3) and nasal barbel (length 24.2–43.6 % HL vs. 15.2–29.2; see Fig. 5), and from P. vachelli in having short maxillary barbels not extending to (vs. extending beyond) the base of the pectoral-fin spine. Description. Morphometric data taken from 38 specimens (60.7–133.8 mm SL) are provided in Table 1. See Figure 1 a for general body appearance. Head depressed, broad, and covered with thin skin. Supraoccipital process slender, with evenly converging sides and forked tip, twice as long as nuchal plate, its width approximately one-fourth of its length. Nuchal plate triangular, naked, and in contact with supraoccipital process. Snout broadly rounded in dorsal view, longer than eye diameter. Interorbital space wide, and slightly convex. Eye large, elliptical, covered with thick membrane, antero-lateral in head, visible when viewed dorsally, but not ventrally. Mouth inferior, small, transverse. Upper jaw protruded, gape narrower than interorbital space. Teeth villiform, in irregular rows on all tooth-bearing surfaces. Premaxillary tooth plates broad, of equal width throughout. Dentary tooth plates arched, broadest at symphysis, narrowing laterally, of same width at symphysis as premaxillary tooth plate. Vomerine tooth plate unpaired, continuous across midline, slightly curved anteriorly, much narrower than premaxillary tooth plate. Gill opening wide, extending from posttemporal to beyond isthmus. Gill rakers 7 (3), 8 (6), 9 (20), 10 (6), or 11 (2). Barbels in four pairs. Nasal barbel small, thread-like, extending slightly beyond midpoint, but not to posterior margin, of eye. Maxillary barbel slender, extending beyond gill membrane, but not to base of pectoral-fin spine. Mandibular barbels in two pairs, thick, short; inner barbel positioned in transverse row at level of posterior naris, extending slightly beyond anterior margin of eye; outer barbel rooted posterolateral to inner mandibular barbel, longer than eye diameter, just extending to posterior margin of eye. Dorsal profile rising gradually from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin, then sloping evenly from there to posterior end of adipose-fin base and increasing gradually to dorsal origin of procurrent caudal-fin rays. Ventral surface of head flattened, ventral profile of body straight or slightly convex from pectoral-fin insertion to anal-fin origin, decreasing evenly from posterior end of anal-fin base to origin of ventral procurrent caudalfin rays. Lateral line complete, straight, mid-lateral in position. Vertebrae 5 + 40–41. Dorsal fin with spinelet, spine and 7 soft, branched rays, inserted nearer to anal-fin origin than to snout tip. Dorsal-fin origin equidistant to pectoral-fin insertion and ventral to pelvic-fin insertion, closer to anal-fin origin than to snout tip. Spinelet flattened, with long, blunt distal tip. Dorsal-fin spine slender, with smooth anterior margin, distally slightly serrated posterior margin, longer than pectoral-fin spine, its length 1.0– 1.3 in HL. First dorsal-fin soft ray longest, surpassing tip of last ray. Distal margin of dorsal fin rays nearly straight. Nuchal plate triangular, with a pointed tip anteriorly. Adipose fin inserted behind vertical through anal-fin origin, with convex distal margin for its entire length and a deeply incised posterior part to form rounded apex. Adipose-fin base short, equal to or slightly longer than half of anal-fin base length. Pectoral fin with a spine and 7–8 soft, branched rays, inserted slightly anterior to vertical through posteriormost point of opercle, extending for three-fifths of distance to base of pelvic-fin spine. Pectoral-fin spine very stout, sharply pointed at tip, shorter than dorsal-fin spine, with a smooth anterior margin and 9–14 (mean 11.2) strong serrations along posterior margin. Pectoral-fin margin straight anteriorly, convex posteriorly. Cleithral process triangular with a sharp pointed tip, extending for half length of pectoral-fin spine. Pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 5 soft, branched rays, inserted slightly closer to vertical through posterior end of anal-fin base than to tip of snout, its origin anterior to vertical through depressed tip of dorsal fin. Tip of depressed pelvic fin extending beyond anal-fin origin. Pelvic-fin distal margin convex. Anus and urogenital opening nearer to anal-fin origin than to posterior end of pelvic-fin base. Anal fin long, with 27–33 branched rays [27 (1), 28 (8), 29 (4), 30 (13), 31 (4), 32 (6), 33 (2)], inserted anterior to adipose-fin origin. Anal-fin origin nearer to caudal-fin base than to tip of snout. Distal margin of anal fin convex; anterior rays shortest. Caudal fin with 8 + 9 principal rays, deeply forked, middle rays less than half of longest rays; both lobes slightly pointed, with upper lobe slightly longer than lower one; procurrent rays extending anterior to fin base. Least depth of caudal peduncle behind posterior end of anal-fin base. Coloration in formalin. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of head brown, and ventral surfaces yellow white. Neurocranium and opercle brown, preopercular region yellow white in smaller individuals, fading to more uniform brown in large individuals. Ground color of body yellow white, with a median dorsal brown stripe extending from anterior tip of nuchal plate to caudal- fin base and three brown rectangular blotches on lateral surfaces just above horizontal through distal tip of cleithral process arranged serially to form interrupted band running from posterior to pectoral fin insertion to caudal-fin base. First blotch beginning at anterior tip of nuchal plate and ending anterior to posterior base of pelvic fin, second blotch above anal fin and spanning roughly adipose-fin base and third blotch extending entire caudal peduncle length. Adipose fin brown, with a yellow anterodorsal margin and a slightly hyaline posterodorsal margin. Dorsal fin grayish brown for anterior two-thirds, rest of fin hyaline. Anal fin grayish and caudal fin with brown procurrent rays. Pectoral and pelvic fins grayish, except for hyaline first and last rays. Distribution and conservation status. Pseudobagrus fui is so far known from the Yangtze River drainage, South China. The type locality is Chinkiang (now Zhenjiang), in the lower Yangtze River drainage of Jiangsu Province. It was reported as P. nitidus by Ze (1989) from the Chishui He of the upper Yangtze River drainage in Guizhou Province, and by Li (1994) from the upper Yangtze River drainage in Sichuan Province. The material we examined was collected from the main stem of the upper Yangtze River in Ba’nan and Fuling counties, Chongqing City; the Min River of the upper Yangtze River drainage in Jiading City, Sichuan Province; Jialing River of the upper Yangtze River drainage in Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, and Hechuan and Beibei counties, Chongqing City; Tuo River of the upper Yangtze River in Hushi Town of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province; Jinsha River of the upper Yangtze River in Yibing City, Sichuan Province; and also from Wu River of the upper Yangtze River in Si’nan County and Maotai Town, Guizhou Province (Fig. 3). Although P. f u i still survives in the Yangtze River drainage, its geographic range and population size seem to have decreased over time. Since its description by Miao (1934), no additional material of P. f u i has been secured from the type locality, the lower Yangtze River drainage in Zhenjiang City. In a recent monograph on freshwater fishes of Jiangsu Province, Ni and Wu (2007) did not document this species. Despite the persistence of P. f u i in the upper Yangtze River drainage, it exhibits a pronounced decline in population size during the past 20 years. This is clearly evidenced in the number of museum specimens of this species. Most museum specimens, if not all, were collected from the main stream of the upper Yangtze River and its tributaries during 1989–1999, and only a single specimen was collected from the main stream of the upper Yangtze River at Chongqing City in 2005.

Sincrossocheilus labiatus Su, Yang and Cui, 2003 Figs. 2 B and 3 B Sinocrossocheilus labiatus Su, Yang & Cui, 2003: 420 (Tongzi River flowing to Chishui He at Tongzi County, Guizhou). Material examined. KIZ 995338, holotype, 56.1 mm SL and KIZ 995330, 995333���5, 995340, paratypes, 5 ex., 49.2���72.7 mm SL; South China, Guizhou Province, upper Yangtz River drainage: Tongzi River flowing to Chishui He at Tongzi County (approximately 28 �� 10 ���N, 106 �� 48 ���E). Diagnosis. A species of Sinocrossocheilus having a lower lip with a flattened crescentic fold, an inconspicuous longitudinal black stripe extending along lateral line on flank; no blotches on intermediate interradial membranes between dorsal-fin rays; no submarginal stripe extending along lobe of caudal fin; a shallow body (depth 17.4���22.6 [mean 18.9, SD 2.0] % SL); and a short snout (length 42.2 ���49.0 [mean 45.6, SD 2.5] % of HL). Description. Morphometric data for five type specimens and one non-type specimen are presented in Table 1. See Figure 2 B for the morphology of oromandibular structures and Figure 3 B for general body appearance. Characters of S. labiatus are similar to those of S. guizhouensis except as noted below. Dorsal body profile convex from tip of snout to dorsal-fin origin, straight from posterior end of dorsal-fin base to origin of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Ventral profile straight anterior to anal-fin origin; slightly concave from anal-fin origin to origin of ventral procurrent caudal- fin rays. Eyes large, dorsolaterally positioned in middle of head; interorbital space wide, slightly flattish. Snout rounded when viewed dorsally, with many tubercles on tip of snout and anterior portion of lachrymal. Tubercles large, conical with pointed tips, irregularly organized in two rows. Both rostral and maxillary barbel lengths almost equal to eye diameter; rostral barbel slightly longer that maxillary. Median lobe of lower lip large with its anterior and lateral margins modified into a flattened, densely papillated, crescentic fold anteriorly separated from lower jaw by a deep, arched, groove and posteriorly bordered with a fleshy pad in a shallow, arched groove; fleshy pad slightly protruded, covered densely with papillae. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7 (6) branched rays, last one split to base; last simple ray longer than head length. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 14 (6) branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and eight (6) branched rays, slightly shorter than head length; origin immediately posterior to vertical of third or forth branched dorsal-fin ray, or nearer to tip of snout than to caudal-fin base. Anal-fin with 3 simple and 5 (6) branched rays, last one spilt to base; origin closer to pelvic-fin insertion that to caudal-fin base. Scales moderately large; lateral line complete, horizontal, 39 (2), 40 (1), 41 (1) or 42 (1) plus 3 scales on caudal-fin base; 1 / 2 5 / 1 / 4 1 / 2 (6) scales in transverse row anterior to pelvic fin; predorsal midline scales smaller than those on flank, irregularly arranged; circumpeduncular scales 14 (5) or 16 (1). Gas bladder bipartite, anterior chamber oval and posterior chamber slender, 1.5���2.5 times as long as anterior one. Pharyngeal teeth biserial, tooth pattern 3, 5���5, 3 (2), with compressed and pointed tips. Colour pattern in alcohol. Head and body yellow dorsally and laterally, and pale yellow ventrally. Each scale on back and flank yellow with many black spots on its posterior margin, forming a reticulated pattern. A distinct black bar on upper half of flank immediately above fifth lateral line scale. An inconspicuous longitudinal black stripe running along lateral line from upper extremity of gill opening to caudal-fin base and ending in a large black bar on caudal-fin base, anteriorly slightly wider and posteriorly slightly narrower. Dorsal- and pectoral-fin rays black; caudal fin with a submargin stripe along lobe; all other fins yellow. Distribution. Sinocrossocheilus labiatus is so far known only from the Tongzi River, a tributary to the Chishui He of the upper Yangtze River drainage, at Tongzi County, Guizhou Province, South China (Fig. 4). Remarks. In the original description by Su et al. (2003), S. labiatus has eight branched dorsal-fin rays. However, our examination of the type specimens showed that there are seven branched dorsal-fin rays. It is likely that the last branched ray that is split down to its base was counted by Su et al. (2003) as two rays, but by us as a single ray. The species name ending (- a) of this species is incorrect. The epithet name of this species is actually derived from a Latin world ��� labiatus ���. Sinocrossocheilus is masculine and requires that its specific name agrees in gender with the generic name. Thus, the correct epithet name of this species is labiatus rather than labiata., Published as part of Yuan, Le-Yang, Zhang, E & Huang, Yan-Fei, 2008, Revision of the Labeonine Genus Sinocrossocheilus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from South China, pp. 36-48 in Zootaxa 1809 on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182763, {"references":["Su, R. F., Yang, J. X. & Cui, G. H. (2003). Taxonomic review of the genus Sinocrossocheilus Wu (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with a description of four new species. Zoological Studies, 42, 420 - 430."]}

Hongshuia banmo, new species (Figs. 2 B, 3 B, 4 B; Table 1) Holotype: IHB 200410806, 57.4 mm SL, China, Guangxi Province, Pearl River drainage, Hongshui He at Banmo village, Tian���e County, approximately 25 ��01���N, 107 �� 10 ���E; J. H. Lan; October, 2004. Paratypes: IHB, 200410805, 200410807-14, 9 ex., 38.7���46.3 mm SL, same data as holotype. Diagnosis. A species of Hongshuia having rostral fold covered sparsely with weakly developed papillae, shallowly indented distal margin; median lobe of lower lip with anterior half of ring-like fold papillated; tubercle on tip of snout and anterior portion of lachrymal tiny, short, conical with blunt tips; short dorsal fin (length 21.8���23.4 % SL); dorsal-fin origin equidistant from tip of snout and caudal-fin base; no black blotch on middle interradial membranes between branched dorsal-fin rays; and short snout (length 42.5���47.7 % of H). Description. Morphometric data are summarized in Table 1. Refer to Figures 2 B and 3 B for general body appearance and morphology of the oromandibular structures, respectively. Body elongate, cylindrical anteriorly and slightly compressed posteriorly, with greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin and least depth of caudal peduncle nearer to caudal-fin base than to posterior end of anal-fin base. Dorsal profile of body from tip of snout to dorsal-fin origin somewhat convex; slightly concave from there to origin of dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays. Ventral profile of body from snout tip to anal-fin origin rounded; slightly concave from analfin origin to origin of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays. Head relatively small, slightly depressed, longer than width and wider than height. Eye small, dorsolaterally located in middle of head, with a wide, slightly convex interorbital space. Snout rounded when viewed dorsally, obtuse when viewed laterally, with many tubercles on tip of snout and anterior part of lachrymal, irregularly arranged in tow rows (Fig. 4 B); tubercles tiny, short, conical with blunt tips. Side of snout with a shallow furrow extending from rostral barbel base to lateral extremity of rostral fold along anteroventral bor- der of lachrymal. Two pairs of barbels, well-developed, almost equal to or shorter than eye diameter. Rostral barbels situated at anterior end of shallow furrow on side of snout. Maxillary barbels rooted at corner of mouth or next to lateral extremity of rostral fold, slightly longer than rostral barbels. Mouth inferior, slightly arch-shaped. Rostral fold slightly crenulated with a shallowly indented distal margin, covered sparsely with weaklydeveloped papillae, disconnected from lower lip at corners of mouth, or terminating next to base of maxillary barbel. Upper lip absent. Upper jaw bearing a thick, flexible, cornified sheath, covered by rostal fold, disconnected from lower lip at corners of mouth. Lower lip divided into two lateral lobes and one median lobe. Lateral lobe small, oval or elliptical, covered sparsely with weakly-developed papillae, situated between maxillary barbel base and median lobe. Median lobe large, modified into a round, fleshy plate, positioned between two lateral lobes. Fleshy plate peripherally greatly protruded so as to form a ring-like fold, but centrally sunken so as to form a round, flat, fleshy pad. Anterior half of this fold covered sparsely with weaklydeveloped papillae, but posterior half and this fleshy pad smooth. Ring-like fold anteriorly separated from lower jaw by a transverse, deep, arched groove; this groove prolonged backwards and posteromedially along lateral and posterolateral margins of ring-like fold to become a shallow one separating them from mental region. Posteromedian of ring-like fold posteriorly progressively reduced to be continuous with mental region. Lower jaw bearing a thick, flexible, cornified cutting edge. Dorsal fin with three unbranched and 7 * (10) branched rays, last one split to base; origin equidistant from tip of snout and caudal-fin base; last unbranched ray shorter than HL, distal margin slightly concave. Pectoral fin with one unbranched and 13 *(7) or 14 (3) branched rays; third and fourth branched rays longest; tip of depressed fin reaching beyond midway to pelvic- fin origin. Pelvic fin with one unbranched and 7 *(10) branched rays, inserted vertically behind dorsal-fin origin; second branched ray longest; tip of depressed fin not reaching anal-fin origin but beyond vent, axillary scales long, extending beyond basis of last ray. Anal-fin having three unbranched and 5 *(10) branched rays, last one split to base; distal margin somewhat concave; origin nearer to pelvic-fin origin and to caudal-fin base. Two scales between vent and anal-fin origin. Caudal deeply forked; both lobes pointed, upper slightly longer than lower Scales moderately large. Lateral line complete, horizontal, 37 *(8) or 38 (3) plus 3 scales on caudal- fin base. Predorsal midline scales smaller than flank scales, irregularly arranged, not embedded under skin. Circumpeduncular scales 16 *(10). 1 / 2 5 / 1 / 4 1 / 2 *(10) scales in transverse row anterior to pelvic fin. Chest and belly scaled; scales along midventral region smaller than flank scales, embedded beneath skin. Air bladder bipartite, anterior chamber oval and posterior chamber stick-like or elongate, twice as long as anterior one. Pharyngeal teeth biserial; teeth pattern 3,5-5,3 (1), with compressed and pointed tips. Vertebrae 23 + 16 = 39 (3), 24 + 15 = 38 (5), or 24 + 16 = 40 *(2). Coloration. Ground color of body yellow, slightly lighter ventrally. Dorsal and lateral parts of head grayish. An indistinct longitudinal black stripe extending along lateral line on flank and ending in a large blotch on caudal-fin base, broad anterior to vertical through posterior end of anal-fin base, with its width occupying approximately two scales widths, but narrow on caudal peduncle, with one scale width. Each scale on back and flank above second scale row below lateral line with dark chromatophores along exposed portion of its posterior margin forming a faint, dusky, crescentic mark. Dorsal fin with a black base, and all rays hyaline. Dorsal surface of pectoral fin with a lot of small, scattered, dark chromatophores along branched rays, more so on last unbranched ray. Caudal fin dusky with an indistinct submargin stripe along lobe. All other fins hyaline. Distribution. Known only from the Hongshui He of the Pearl River drainage in Tian���e County, Guangxi Province, China (Fig. 5). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Chinese name of the type locality, ���Ban Mo,��� used as a noun in apposition., Published as part of Zhang, E, Qiang, Xin & Lan, Jia-Hu, 2008, Description of a new genus and two new species of labeonine fishes from South China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 33-44 in Zootaxa 1682 on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.180419

Redefinition of Sinocrossocheilus and comparisons with allied genera The definition of Sinocrossocheilus by Wu in Wu et al. (1977) consists of the following main characters: (1) a uniquely modified median part (= median lobe) of the lower lip (Fig. 2 A, which is here divided into two portions: a densely papillated, greatly protruded, crescentic fold and a papillated, somewhat protruded, triangular fleshy pad); (2) a papillated, crenulated, rostral fold disconnected from the lower lip at the corners of the mouth; (3) two rows of pharyngeal teeth; and (4) seven branched dorsal-fin rays [note: this number was given by Wu in Wu et al. (1977) as eight in their generic diagnosis, but seven in their species description. Our examination confirmed that the type material has seven branched rays of the dorsal fin]. In the text by Wu in Wu et al. (1977), the description of the first character should read ‘median part modified into a fan-like, papillose fleshy pad with its anterior and anterolateral margins protruded to be horse-shoe shaped and free, and its posterior margin continuous with the mental region.’ This description is clearly inadequate for the median lobe of the lower lip because Wu in Wu et al. (1977) stopped short of dividing it into two portions as here done: a papillose, crescentic fold and a paplillose, slightly protruded, triangular fleshy pad. Even so, the morphology of the median lobe of the lower lip in Sinocrossocheilus is unique among labeonine genera and truly typical for this genus. The last three characters are not unique to Sinocrossocheilus, but limited only to some labeonine genera. They are thus useful diagnostic characters of the genus. A rostral fold disconnected from the lower lip at the corners of the mouth is also found in other Asian labeonine genera of the Garrinae sensu Rainboth (1996): Akrokolioplax Zhang and Kottelat, 2006, Crossocheilus Kuhl and van Hasselt in van Hasselt, 1823, Epalzeorhynchos Bleeker, 1855 and Paracrossochilus Popta, 1904. The following characters, though, are absent in Sinocrossocheilus: a pair of rostral flaps on the snout tip situated far from the rostral barbel and sublachrymal groove that is diagnostic for Akrokolioplax, a well-developed upper lip that is separated from the upper jaw for Crossocheilus sensu Roberts (1989), a pair of rostral lobes on the snout tip positioned between the root of the rostral barbel and sublachrymal groove for Epalzeorhynchos sensu Kottelat, 2001, and a well-developed, papillated upper lip restricted to and apart from the upper jaw, with the median portion absent or vestigial for Paracrossochilus sensu Roberts (1989). Moreover, Sinocrossocheilus is distinguished from the above five genera in having 2 (vs. 3) rows of pharyngeal teeth. Two rows of pharyngeal teeth also occur in three disc-bearing labeonine cyprinid genera, viz. Discocheilus Zhang, 1997, Discogobio Lin, 1931 and Placocheilus Wu in Wu, Lin, Chen, Chen & He, 1977. These genera are distinguished from Sinocrossocheilus by having a lower lip modified into a mental disc with its posterior margin discontinuous from the mental region (vs. a lower lip with its median lobe modified to form a crescentic fold and a fleshy pad that is continuous with the mental region), a rostral fold connected (vs. disconnected) from the lower lip at the corners of the mouth, maxillary barbels minute or absent (vs. well-developed), and seven (vs. eight) branched dorsal-fin rays. Besides Hongshuia, two other genera share with Sinocrossocheilus seven branched dorsal-fin rays: Parasinilabeo (excluding P. longibarbus with eight branched dorsal fin rays) and Qianlabeo. Parasinilabeo sensu Zhang, 2000 differs from Sinocrossocheilus in having a non-crenulated (vs. crenulated) rostral fold connected (vs. disconnected) with the lower lip around the corners of the mouth and three (vs. two) rows of pharyngeal teeth. Qianlabeo sensu Zhang and Chen (2004) is separated from Sinocrossocheilus by having an upper lip present only in and fully adnate to the side of the upper jaw (vs. absent); three (vs. two) rows of pharyngeal teeth, a slightly (vs. coarsely) crenulated, slightly (vs. densely) papillated rostral fold disconnected (vs. connected) from the lower lip around the corners of the mouth, and post-labial grooves prolonged anteromedially, but not meeting with its counterpart at the midline (vs. absent)