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To clone and express the thioredoxin (Trx) from RH strain tachyzoites ofTrx fragment was amplified by PCR and cloned into the pET-28a (+) vector, and the recombinant protein was induced with IPTG and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The polyclonal antibody specificity was detected by Western blotting.The trx gene was amplified fromWestern blotting can detect the specificity of polyclonal anti-Trx antibody, which will facilitate the biological functions of Trx.

To measure forecasting information's impct on performance of dual-channel supply chain, this paper establishes a two-level dual-channel supply chain model. According to Stackelberg game, performances of forecasting information on manufacturer and retailer were investigated. The optimal pricing strategies of two cases-information sharing case and non-information sharing case are compared. The impact of forecasting information's accuracy and channel competition on retail's information-sharing decision are revealed. It concludes that manufacturer's forecasting information is shared by retailer passively. Retailer can benefit from the information-sharing and has the motive to share their private information within certain conditions.

This article focuses on the assessment supply chain vulnerability, and emphasizes at the structure characteristics of supply networks which influence supply networks vulnerability on macroscopic and whole view. Actually, the business and social relationships of the actors involved in supply networks exist simultaneously and twist together. In this research, we apply the social networks theory and tools to analyst the supply networks structure so that managers can assess and mitigate supply networks vulnerability. Several indices of the structure characteristics of supply networks are presented and analyzed in this paper to demonstrate this application in details. Our study indicates that closeness and centrality of supply networks reflect the characteristics of structure, and therefore influence the vulnerability. At last, we present the management insight and conclude this research.

This article focuses on the issue of participant selection in supply networks risk management. Though there are many ways and applications which are introduced to selection partcipant in viewpoint of risk management, the practical effect of these methods is not considerable full and satisfactory. In this paper, we introduce a non-linear programming(NLP) method based on multiplicative and fuzzy preference relations to rank the candidates of probable participants in supply networks in viewpoint of risk management. The sound performance of discrimination power, the convience of applications and the relatively accuracy of perception expressions make this method of ranking suitable to participants selection in supply networks risk management. Numberial example and demostration are present at last.

This paper quantitatively analyzes the use of the e-marketplace for selling the returned products after rework in a dual-channel supply chain. In our dual-channel model, we derive the optimal order quantities and optimal retail prices for all the parties in the supply chain and we also propose the optimal buyback price established by the manufacturer. Through comparative analysis of the single-channel and the dual-channel model, we further find that the returns policy with e-marketplace is better than the traditional returns policy. In e-commerce, due to the existence of B2B e-marketplace, the returned products can be sold with a higher price which is higher than the salvage price. Both the manufacturer and the retailer can benefit from the dual-channel supply chain. Finally, we show that the retailer’s expected profit is an increasing function of the buyback price and the manufacturer’s expected profit is a decreasing function of the buyback price.

With the rapid development of e-commerce, many companies began to use a manufacture-retail supply chain consisting of a mix of a traditional retail channel and an electronic channel. Free riding in a dual-channel supply chain occurs when one traditional channel engages in the customer service activities necessary to sell a product, while another electronic channel benefits from those activities by making the final sale. This paper quantitatively studies the free-riding behavior of a dual-channel supply chain in E-commerce and the dual-channel models are established. Besides the electronic channelpsilas best-response function and optimal profit, relationship between the free-riding factor and the electronic channelpsilas profit is found. Due to the existence of free riding, the electronic channelpsilas profit is an increasing function of the free-riding factor when the free-riding behavior has positive effect. This is mainly because the electronic channel as a free rider can benefit from the traditional channelpsilas high level of service.This paper also studies the free-riding effects in channel conflict, and presents several response measures.

Customer experience is an important consideration in the establishment and maintenance of long term relationship between firms and their customers. The purpose of this study was to propose and test an integrative model for examining the relative influence of online store perception on customer behavior. The empirical results showed that physical presence, competence, and enjoyment were the important variables to enhance utilitarian value, experiential value and trust. It is important to afford enjoying experience even if the product seems to be utilitarian. The findings also revealed that utilitarian value, experiential value, and trust combine to determine the online store loyalty. Thus, creating and maintaining customer experience is an appropriate and necessary strategy for increasing customer loyalty.

This paper analyzes the impacts of asymmetric-information game and stochastic- information game on supply chain performance. A two-stage supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer is considered and four types of games are compared: symmetric-deterministic game, symmetric-stochastic game, asymmetric-deterministic game and asymmetric-stochastic game. This paper shows that information uncertainty affects the supply chain by changing the retailer's equilibrium, whereas information asymmetry affects the supply chain by changing the manufacturer's equilibrium. And in the practical supply chain, information uncertainty is likely to undermine supply chain performance greater than information asymmetry. Numerical simulations show that an asymmetric-stochastic game is not equivalent to an asymmetric game plus a stochastic game. Under certain conditions, the impacts of information asymmetry and information uncertainly will interact, which will result in greater impact on supply chain performance.

This paper uses the approaches and models of game theory to analyze principal-agent problem between venture investment firm and venture enterprise. We analyzed the asymmetric information between venture investment firm and venture enterprise. We described the income and cost at this principal-agent problem under asymmetric information. Give mathematics expressions about every step action decision and their result-the cost, the profit of this principal-agent problem. We present a game model base on principal-agent theory under the asymmetric information; give the application and numerical result of our model. Then, discuss the optimum principal-agent cost, the profit and the action between venture investment firm and venture enterprise base on our model. Due to our model, a conclusion can be drawing that the effort degree under asymmetric information less than perfect information. Asymmetric information between venture enterprise and venture investment firm will lead to moral hazard. The lower effort level will lead to the agent cost which do not existed in perfect information circumstance. The intensity of venture investment firm selected due to the supervise cost and correlative profit.

There are many excellent features about drop-shipping. The focus of this paper is however on analyzing how drop-shipping will affect the supply chain members' payoffs, and hence their incentive to adopt drop-shipping. So, we are interested in finding answers to the following questions: How will supply chain members' payoffs be affected when moving from traditional channel to drop-shipping channel? Will anyone be worse or better off, or can everyone be better off? Under what conditions will they be worse or better off? We find the cases under which retailer and vendor both agree to adopt drop-shipping channel. Although drop-shipping requires transfer of demand uncertainty risk from retailer to vendor, changing the supply chain system from the traditional one to drop-shipping does not necessarily lead to a higher expected payoff for retailer and a lower one for vendor.

ISO9000 quality management system (ISO9000QMS) emphasize on the customer-oriented, managers' leadership and all staff's joining, adopt the process method and system management, spread the taking facts as a basis to make decision and improve consistently, and establish win-win relation with the suppliers. So, the digital hospital can adopt the ISO9000QMS. In order to establish the ISO9000QMS, the digital hospital should: (1) Design integrally, including analyzing the operation procedure, clarifying the job duties, setting up the spreading team and setting the quality policy and objectives: (2) Learning the ISO9000 quality standards; (3) Drawing up the documents, including the quality manual, program files and operation guiding files; (4) Training according the documents; (5) Executing the quality standard, including the service quality auditing, quality record auditing and quality system auditing; (6) Improving continually. With the establishment of ISO900QMS, the digital hospital can appraise more accurately, analyze quality matters statistically and avoid the interference of artificial factors.

The authors consider a congested communication network in which the cost for travelling an arc is dependent on the number of user on it. Assume each user of the network is aware of the cost along each arc available to him, and he thereby takes his cheapest route between his origin and destination. As shown in Beckman and Winsten (1956), the user optimal flow is given by the optimal solution to the convex programming problem. So they choose a place where the destination is so located that the system cost is minimized. Much attention has been focused on the variational inequality formulation of the generalized communication assignment problem involving user-optimized behavior. But computing the user optimal flow is difficult and solving the location problem on a congested communication network is very difficult. So an electronic simulation method for this model is presented. >