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Additional file 1: Table S1. Effect of exogenous GABA supply on protein content (%DW) in T. subcordiformis exposed to nitrogen deprivation under NICD and HICD conditions. Figure S1. Correlation analysis of stress status (Fv/Fm) and relative amylopectin (Ap) production (Ap theoretical productivity/total starch theoretical productivity) in T. subcordiformis exposed to nitrogen deprivation under NICD and HICD conditions with GABA supply on Day 4.

A new type of vertical nanowire (VNW)/nanosheet (VNS) FETs combining a horizontal channel (HC) with bulk/back-gate electrode configuration, including Bulk-HC and FD-SOI-HC VNWFET, is proposed and investigated by TCAD simulation. Comparisons were carried out between conventional VNWFET and the proposed devices. FD-SOI-HC VNWFET exhibits better I on/I off ratio and DIBL than Bulk-HC VNWFET. The impact of channel doping and geometric parameters on the electrical characteristic and body factor (γ) of the devices was investigated. Moreover, threshold voltage modulation by bulk/back-gate bias was implemented and a large γ is achieved for wide range V th modulation. In addition, results of I on enhancement and I off reduction indicate the proposed devices are promising candidates for performance and power optimization of NW/NS circuits by adopting dynamic threshold voltage management. The results of preliminary experimental data are discussed as well.

In this study, a SPICE model for negative capacitance vertical nanowire field-effect-transistor (NC VNW-FET) based on BSIM-CMG model and Landau-Khalatnikov (LK) equation was presented. Suffering from the limitation of short gate length there is lack of controllable and integrative structures for high performance NC VNW-FETs. A new kind of structure was proposed for NC VNW-FETs at sub-3nm node. Moreover, in order to understand and improve NC VNW-FETs, the S-shaped polarization-voltage curve (S-curve) was divided into four regions and some new design rules were proposed. By using the SPICE model, device-circuit co-optimization was implemented. The co-design of gate work function (WF) and NC was investigated. A ring oscillator was simulated to analyze the circuit energy-delay, and it shown that significant energy reduction, up to 88%, at iso-delay for NC VNW-FETs at low supply voltage can be achieved. This study gives a credible method to analysis the performance of NC based devices and circuits and reveals the potential of NC VNW-FETs in low-power applications.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate Tim-3 expression on peripheral CD3-CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD3+CD56+ natural killer T (NKT) cells in lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed Tim-3+CD3-CD56+ cells, Tim-3+CD3-CD56 dim cells, Tim-3+CD3-CD56 bright cells, and Tim3+CD3+CD56+ cells in fresh peripheral blood from 79 lung cancer cases preoperatively and 53 healthy controls by flow cytometry. Postoperative blood samples were also analyzed from 21 members of the lung cancer patient cohort. Results: It was showed that expression of Tim-3 was significantly increased on CD3-CD56+ cells, CD3CD56 dim cells and CD3+CD56+ cells in lung cancer patients as compared to healthy controls (p=0.03, p=0.03 and p=0.04, respectively). When analyzing Tim-3 expression with cancer progression, results revealed more elevated Tim-3 expression in CD3-CD56+ cells, CD3-CD56 dim cells and CD3+CD56+ cells in cases with advanced stages (III/IV) than those with stage I and II (p=0.02, p=0.04 and p=0.01, respectively). In addition, Tim-3 expression was significantly reduced on after surgical resection of the primary tumor ( p

Wenjiao F., Yongkui Z., Pan D., Yuwen Y. (2013): Effects of chitosan coating containing antioxidant of bamboo leaves on qualitative properties and shelf life of silver carp during chilled storage. Czech J. Food Sci., 31: 451–456. The effect of chitosan coating containing antioxidant of bamboo leaves (AOB) on the shelf life extension of silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) was evaluated at refrigerated temperature (4 ± 1°C). Microbiological changes (total viable count – TVC), physicochemical changes (water loss, pH, total volatile nitrogen – TVB-N, trimethylamine – TMA-N, and 2-thiobarbituric acid – TBA), and sensory changes were determined during chilled storage. The results indicated that the coating treatments could effectively retard the water loss, inhibit the growth of total viable counts, reduce chemical spoilage, which reflected itself in TVB-N, pH, TMA-N, and TBA, and increase the overall sensory quality of silver carp in comparison with the control sample. The study suggests that chitosan coating containing AOB can be a promising candidate for extending the shelf life of silver carp during chilled storage.

At present, the measurement attribute of financial accounting is undergoing a transformation from historical cost to fair value, the standard-setting body is trying to expand the application of fair value measurement to projects beyond financial instruments, and eventually establish a new accounting model centered on fair value measurement. The establishment of a new accounting model centered on fair value measurement would mainly depend on whether fair value is applicable to all types of assets. The paper explores the applicability of fair value from a unique perspective – the specificity of assets, and concludes that fair value is not a proper measurement attribute for specific assets, and therefore the future accounting model will not necessarily be dominated by fair value, rather, it is very likely to be a mixed measurement model incorporating historical cost, fair value, and value-in-use.

The growth kinetics of the bacterium Thiobacillus thiooxidans (HSS) was investigated and its metabolic acidic solution was used to bioleach phosphate rock. The bacterium HSS adsorbs on the surface of elemental sulfur particle and oxidizes sulfur to sulfuric acid to provide itself energy. The equilibrium between attached cells on sulfur surface and unattached cells in solution can be described with the Langmuir isotherm equation. The maximum adsorption capacity X AM is 7.310 x 10 12 cells/kg of sulfur and the equilibrium constant K A is 2.9110 x 10 -14 M 3 /cell. In a batch growth process, the specific growth rate of the bacteria on sulfur, μ A , and the growth yield, Y A , are 2.874 day -1 and 8.455 x 10 14 cells/kg of S, respectively. The bacterium shows the highest activity to oxidize sulfur at 30 °C. The dilute microbiological acid solutions produced by HSS were used to dissolve fluorapatite ore. The digestion conversions of phosphorus ranged from 24% to 100%. Fluorine ion contained in fluorapatite ore shows a significant effect on the biological activity of HSS.

The effects of tea polyphenol on quality and shelf life of pork sausages stored at 20 °C for 42 days were examined. The control and the treated sausage samples added with 0.03 % tea polyphenol were analyzed periodically for microbiological (total viable counts and lactic acid bacteria counts), physical (Hunter color of L(*), a(*), b(*)), chemical (pH, TBA value) and sensory characteristics. It was found that samples added with tea polyphenol showed lower changes in total viable count, pH, TBA value and sensory characteristics than control samples, respectively. The results indicated that the sausage samples with tea polyphenol added was to enable the good quality and sensory characteristics than the control sausage samples and prolonged the shelf life of the sausages.

2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) is an important quality index for pork sausages. To study this in pork sausages during storage, kinetic models were developed to predict TBARS content changes of pork sausages at different temperatures. The predictive models of TBARS content with respect to storage time and temperature were developed based on primary and Arrhenius equations. The regression coefficients (R2 > 0.95) indicated the acceptability of the primary reaction and Arrhenius model for predicting TBARS content changes of pork sausages. The activation energy (EA) of TBARS is 14.12 kJ mol− 1, and the corresponding rate constant (k0) is 9.262 × 1010. Relative errors between predicted and measured values of TBARS content are all within ± 8%. Thus, the established model could effectively predict the TBARS content of pork sausages between 5 and 35 °C during storage.

We investigated whether miRNA expression profiles can distinguish and predict outcome of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients with different histological subtypes. High-throughput microarray was used to measure miRNA expression levels in six NSCLC samples. Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify findings in an independent set of 54 squamous-cell lung carcinomas (SCC), 51 lung adenocarcinomas (AD), and paired adjacent non-neoplastic lung tissue. We showed that, compared to adjacent non-neoplastic lung tissues, the expressions of miR-125a-5p and let-7e were decreased in AD and SCC samples, while increased expressions of miR-93, miR-205, and miR-221 were observed in SCC samples. In addition, miR-205 expression was significantly higher in SCC patients with lymph node metastasis. Lower let-7e expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, >3 cm tumor size, and differentiation of the NSCLC AD subtype. High levels of miR-100 expression also correlated with the AD subtype in current smokers. Moreover, induction of miR-93 and miR-205 expressions and reduction of let-7e were strongly associated with shorter overall survival in SCC patients, whereas AD patient survival was only associated with reduced let-7e. We identified differential expression profiles of miRNAs in AD and SCC. More importantly, in addition to morphology and immunocytochemistry approaches, we report that miR-93, miR-205, miR-221, and let-7e may represent novel biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prognosis of certain NSCLC subtypes or be new targets of histology-specific treatments. Furthermore, our results suggest a strong correlation between high expression of miR-100 and AD patients with history of heavy smoking.

This essay presents a framework on the basis of the stakeholder theory for the analysis of financial performance, social responsibility and enterprise sustainable development, and applies this framework to examine the case of Mengniu Dairy. The analysis concludes that social responsibility and financial performance are not mutually exclusive, and that, in the long run, fulfillment of social responsibility will not affect a company's financial performance or competitiveness, but enhance its value and sustainable development.

Sub-20 nm node bulk FinFET PMOS devices with an all-last high-k/metal gate (HK/MG) process are fabricated and the influence of a series of device parameters on the device scaling is investigated. The high and thin Fin structure with a tapered sidewall shows better performance than the normal Fin structure. The punch through stop layer (PTSL) and source drain extension (SDE) doping profiles are carefully optimized. The device without SDE annealing shows a larger drive current than that with SDE annealing due to better Si crystal regrowth in the amorphous Fin structure after source/drain implantation. The band-edged MG has a better short channel effect immunity, but the lower effective work function (EWF) MG shows a larger driveability. A tradeoff choice for different EWF MGs should be carefully designed for the device's scaling.

Semantic classification is always the key element of knowledge representation in machine tractable dictionary. Although some ready-made semantic classification hierarchies are available, none of them are ready to be used. Therefore, research on constructing semantic classification hierarchies based on online resources have been carried out. In this paper, efforts to construct semantic classification hierarchy (SCH) of Chinese nouns based on primitive version of modern Chinese noun machine tractable dictionary (MCNMTD) have been made, and results are presented.

The attention of researchers has been drawn to the importance of lexical resources by a number of converging factors such as automation of tasks of natural language processing and emerging of lexicalism among modern linguistic theories. Computational lexicography and the corpus method are getting to be two major schools of acquisition of lexical information. In view of the situation of the research on nouns that are very unworthy of their importance in Chinese information processing (CIP), nouns with their corresponding sense items have been extracted from the Modern Chinese Machine Dictionary to build a Modern Chinese Noun Machine Readable Dictionary, which can be used to carry out further syntactic, semantic and other deep research on nouns and will lay the foundation for the construction of a Machine Tractable Dictionary for CIP. The methods exploited are mainly based on rules and a reference based method is also presented according to the consistency of parts of speech between words and their corresponding defining words.

— Fatigue crack retardation behavior due to an overload under different overload ratios and different crack lengths in a Ti-6A1–4V titanium alloy has been investigated. The effect of some major factors on retardation behavior is discussed as a result of an interaction between the overload and cyclic loads. It is suggested that the retardation process may be divided into five stages. From an analysis of the modes of fatigue fracture, the overload in these tests can be regarded as occurring under plane strain conditions or a mixed mode in which the plane strain condition predominates. Thus, at a given overload ratio the number of delay cycles ND caused by an overload decreases with an increase of K01 under these plane strain conditions. In this paper, the Wheeler, Willenborg, Maarse and Matsuoka models were selected for comparison with regard to engineering applications. An evaluation of their ability to predict life has been made. The Matsuoka model based on the crack closure concept was found to be in good agreement with experimental results. It is also recognized that the experimental values of the effective overload zone size are considerably greater than the calculated values suggested by the above mentioned models.