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6G is the next-generation intelligent and integrated digital information infrastructure, characterized by ubiquitous interconnection, native intelligence, multi-dimensional perception, global coverage, green and low-carbon, native network security, etc. 6G will realize the transition from serving people and people-things communication to supporting the efficient connection of intelligent agents, and comprehensively leading the digital, intelligent and green transformation of the economy and the society. As the core support system for mobile communication network, 6G OSS needs to achieve high-level network automation, intelligence and digital twinning capabilities to achieve end-to-end autonomous network operation and maintenance, support the operation of typical 6G business scenarios and play a greater social responsibility in the fields of environment, society, and governance (ESG).This paper provides a detailed introduction to the overall vision, potential key technologies, and functional architecture of 6G OSS . It also presents an evolutionary roadmap and technological prospects for the OSS from 5G to 6G., Comment: 103 pages, 20 figures, 52 references

6G is the next-generation intelligent and integrated digital information infrastructure, characterized by ubiquitous interconnection, native intelligence, multi-dimensional perception, global coverage, green and low-carbon, native network security, etc. 6G will realize the transition from serving people and people-things communication to supporting the efficient connection of intelligent agents, and comprehensively leading the digital, intelligent and green transformation of the economy and the society. As the core support system for mobile communication network, 6 6G BSS need to integrate with new business models brought about by the development of the next-generation Internet and IT, upgrade from "network-centric" to "business and service centric" and "customer-centric". 6G OSS and BSS systems need to strengthen their integration to improve the operational efficiency and benefits of customers by connecting the digital intelligence support capabilities on both sides of supply and demand. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the overall vision, potential key technologies, and functional architecture of 6G BSS systems. It also presents an evolutionary roadmap and technological prospects for the BSS systems from 5G to 6G.

In the global craze of GPT, people have deeply realized that AI, as a transformative technology and key force in economic and social development, will bring great leaps and breakthroughs to the global industry and profoundly influence the future world competition pattern. As the builder and operator of information and communication infrastructure, the telecom sector provides infrastructure support for the development of AI, and even takes the lead in the implementation of AI applications. How to enable the application of AIGC (GPT) and implement AIGC in the telecom sector are questions that telecom practitioners must ponder and answer. Through the study of GPT, a typical representative of AIGC, the authors have analyzed how GPT empowers the telecom sector in the form of scenarios, discussed the gap between the current GPT general model and telecom services, proposed for the first time a Telco Augmented Cognition capability system, provided answers to how to construct a telecom service GPT in the telecom sector, and carried out various practices. Our counterparts in the industry are expected to focus on collaborative innovation around telecom and AI, build an open and shared innovation ecosystem, promote the deep integration of AI and telecom sector, and accelerate the construction of next-generation information infrastructure, in an effort to facilitate the digital transformation of the economy and society.

Ruofei Chen,1,&ast; Yaqin Zhang,1,&ast; Honggang Xu,2 Huaqing Hu,3 Mingwei Chen,4 Zongwen Shuai1 1Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Sports Injury and Arthroscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mingwei Chen; Zongwen Shuai Email chmw1@163.com; amushuaizw@163.comObjective: To investigate the correlation of the Val109Asp polymorphism of the omentin-1 gene with the risk and severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in a Chinese Han population.Methods: This study enrolled 383 patients with primary KOA and 460 healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism. To explore the interaction between omentin-1 gene polymorphism and obesity and age, the body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 and the age of 55 years old were preset as the cut-off value of stratified analysis. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of omentin-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 in peripheral blood and synovial fluid and the contents of IL-1β, IL-6, metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and collagen (COL)-II in the supernatant of knee joint cartilage tissue.Results: The Val109Asp polymorphism of the omentin-1 gene showed no obvious correlation with KOA. Compared with Asp/Asp genotype carriers with BMI < 25 kg/m2 and age < 55 years old, Val109 allele carriers with BMI≥ 25 kg/m2 and age ≥ 55 years old had obviously increased risk of KOA (adjusted OR = 1.416, p = 0.042; adjusted OR = 1.735, p = 0.038, respectively). In the KOA group, only the omentin-1 levels were significantly lower in the plasma and synovial fluid of Ala/Ala genotype carriers than in those of Asp/Asp genotype carriers. Meanwhile, the proportion of patients with moderate–severe K-L Classification, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 in synovial fluid and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-13 in cartilage tissue significantly increased (p < 0.05). By contrast, the expression level of COL-II in cartilage tissue significantly decreased (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The Val109Asp polymorphism of the omentin-1 gene may not be the primary pathogenic factor of KOA in Chinese. The Val/Val genotype can be regarded as a potential biomarker for the risk of KOA progression.Keywords: omentin-1, single nucleotide polymorphism, knee osteoarthritis, biomarker, Chinese, obesity

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Additional file 1. Fig. S1. IFN-�� did not affect PD-L1 expression in the treatment macrophages. (A) The THP-1 macrophages were treated with Exo-ER, IFN-��, or PBS (Blank), followed by the detection of the PD-L1 mRNA (A) and protein levels (B and C) (n = 2-3) (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01; NS, no significance). Fig. S2. Knockdown of PD-L1 in HN4 cells and HN4-derived exosomes. HN4 cells were transfected with siPD-L1 or siNC, and exosomes were collected. (A-C) PD-L1 mRNA and protein level were detected in treatment HN4 cells by qRT-PCR (A) and Western blot (B and C). (D-E) Exosomal PD-L1 protein level was detected in treatment HN4 cells (n = 2-3) (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01). Fig. S3. Overexpression of PD-L1 promoted M2 polarization in macrophages. qRT-PCR analysis of CD206 mRNA in THP-1 macrophages transfected with plasmid encoding control (OE-NC) or PD-L1 (OE-PD-L1) (n = 3) (**P < 0.01). Table S1. RNA sequence used in this paper. Table S2. Clinicopathologic features of OSCC patients.

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Deep learning techniques have made an increasing impact on the field of remote sensing. However, deep neural networks based fusion of multimodal data from different remote sensors with heterogenous characteristics has not been fully explored, due to the lack of availability of big amounts of perfectly aligned multi-sensor image data with diverse scenes of high resolutions, especially for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and optical imagery. To promote the development of deep learning based SAR-optical fusion approaches, we release the QXS-SAROPT dataset, which contains 20,000 pairs of SAR-optical image patches. We obtain the SAR patches from SAR satellite GaoFen-3 images and the optical patches from Google Earth images. These images cover three port cities: San Diego, Shanghai and Qingdao. Here, we present a detailed introduction of the construction of the dataset, and show its two representative exemplary applications, namely SAR-optical image matching and SAR ship detection boosted by cross-modal information from optical images. As a large open SAR-optical dataset with multiple scenes of a high resolution, we believe QXS-SAROPT will be of potential value for further research in SAR-optical data fusion technology based on deep learning.

Considering the fact that the exponential synchronization of neural networks has been widely used in theoretical research and practical application of many scientific fields, and there are a few researches about the exponential synchronization of fractional-order memristor-based neural networks (FMNN). This paper concentrates on the FMNN with time-varying delays and investigates its exponential synchronization. A simple linear error feedback controller is applied to compel the response system to synchronize with the drive system. Combining the theories of differential inclusions and set valued maps, a new sufficient condition concerning exponential synchronization is obtained based on comparison principle rather than the traditional Lyapunov theory. The obtained results extend exponential synchronization of integer-order system to fractional-order memristor-based neural networks with time-varying delays. Finally, some numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the main results.

The pour point of the crude oil treated with the pour point depressant (PPD) is easily affected by the shear history effect. Models for pour point of PPD-treatment crude oil affected by the shear history effect based on Bayesian regularized artificial neural network (BRANN) were established. The results showed that BRANN models not only had a good ability of fitting to the training data, but also had a good ability of predicting the testing data. By evaluating network performance with several statistical indicators, the three models have excellent performance, high accuracy, and strong generalization ability. The influence of each parameter on the pour point were also investigated through a sensitivity analysis, which shows that the entropy generation due to viscous flow is the most important parameter in predicting the pour point.

To investigate the association between plasma omentin-1 levels and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the pathological changes of CRC, a total of 358 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients were included in the experience group, and 286 people were included in the control group. Their levels of omentin-1, adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, and their anthropometric and metabolic parameters were determined, and we analyzed the tertile distributions in the control group, according to the different levels: low, medium, and high. The results showed that the omentin-1 levels in patients with CRC were higher than the levels in the controls [(67.28 ± 32.25) vs (33.16 ± 19.93) ng/mL, P = 0.005]. The patients with the highest concentration of omentin-1 presented significantly higher odds for CRC, adjusted for potential confounding factors for CRC (odds ratio: 5.76; 95% CI 1.81-8.95; P = 0.001). The plasma omentin-1 level in CRC yielded a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 88.4%. The optimal sensitivity and specificity were 81.2% and 69.8% in discriminating CRC from the normal control. A high omentin-1 level was significantly associated the increasing stage of colorectal adenocarcinomas and the depth of invasion (P = 0.005, 0.026, respectively). The present study suggests an increased level of omentin-1 not only was a strong risk factor for CRC but could also represent a potential biomarker for CRC stage progression and CRC diagnosis in Chinese patients.

With the growth of global economic and the widespread use of aluminum profile, the consumption of the global aluminum profile increases year by year. In this paper, we proposed a novel detection algorithm of aluminum surface defects using machine vision. Firstly, the aluminum images are acquired and analyzed sequentially, then a number of image processing strategies were used to detect various surface defects. The main contribution is a new area partition method, which can automatically assign texture and no-texture regions with texture information. The proposed method is proven able to detect defects on aluminum profile surfaces, such as cracks, pits, rust or scratches, rapidly and precisely. Robustness and effectiveness in the practical aluminum casting process are improved by using the proposed system.

In a structured-light three-dimensional measurement system, understanding the optical configuration of the projector and suppressing the eccentricity error caused by the camera perspective projection are critical to realize high-precision measurement. In this paper, we analyze the special offset optical structure in commercial projectors, where a larger diameter lens is used to ensure the quality of the projected image, and the position of the principal point has been shifted. Meanwhile, a projector calibration strategy that makes the camera’s optical axis perpendicular to the target plane is proposed to avoid the pollution of perspective projection distortion. The sub-pixel correspondence based on homography transformation is performed by relying on the phase value of the fringe, and bundle adjustment optimization is used to further improve the accuracy and robustness of projector calibration. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed calibration method can improve the calibration accuracy by 52.52%.

The hand-eye system calibration, aiming to achieve the relationship between the robot hand and vision sensor mounted on it, is an important technique in the robot applications, involving automatic 3D measurement, visual serving, sensor placement planning, etc. Generally, the key issue of hand-eye calibration is equivalent to solving the homogeneous transformation matrix X from the equation of the form AX=XB. In this paper, we develop an accurate hand-eye calibration method by establishing a global objective function, in which the errors of camera calibration and robot movements have been considered. It is constructed based on the minimizing the projection error from the target benchmarks to the camera retina plane at all robot motions. The experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm can accurately solve the hand-eye calibration problem. Meanwhile, we set up an automatic 3D measurement system based on a robot and a rotary table, and developed a calibration scheme for the system to achieve the multi-view and fully automatic 3D data acquisition by using a fringe projection 3D sensor.

Alumina-silica (Al2O3-SiO2) composite supports were examined to find the optimum state of support (i.e., composition and morphology). SiO2 content in the Al2O3-SiO2 support induced a shift of the main peak to higher frequency ascribed to an increased amount of Mo8O26 4−. A 75 wt% Al2O3-25 wt% SiO2 support had homogeneously dispersed alumina particles of smaller size with high crystallinity. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of straight-run gas oil and its conventionally hydrotreated straight-run gas oil was performed over NiMo sulfides supported on Al2O3-SiO2 composites. The high crystallinity of NMASA2-27 may be related to the high HDS and hydrogenation activity of NiMo sulfides due to its moderate interaction with the alumina surface.

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A typical on-off hydraulic system's mathematical model was established, and digital simulation was also conducted by bond graph method. On this basis, a hydraulic adjustable positioning system was exploited. Through the simulation and experiments, it shows that the system can not only realize the position control but also has the fast start and saves energy, and so on. At present, the adjustable positioning hydraulic system has been applied in a transfer model of continuous casting and rolling mechanic manipulator in a Chinese steel plant.

During the ordinary process of operations, telecom operators require the system to provide lots of statistical reports. As the complexity of business, the need of flexibility and Diversity of reports is increased. It's important to develop the reports contains function of data linkage.

Cavitation corrosion resistances of metals have a very much closed relationship with the mechanical properties of their surface layer.It is very important to investigate effects of surface layer mechanical properties on cavitation corrosion to understand synergistic mechanism.Nano-indentation technology is a sensitively power tool for measuring surface layer mechanical properties in nanometer scale.In this work,it was used to study the effects of anodic polarization on the surface layer nano mechanical properties(nano-hardness,H_(nano) and nano-elastic modulus,E_(nano)) of austenitic stainless steel under cavitation.The synergistic mechanism of cavitation corrosion caused by anodic polarization was also investigated by weight loss in conjunction with SEM.The surface layer comprehensive nano-mechanical parameter was defined as(H/E)_(nano).It was found that the profiles of H_(nano),E_(nano) and(H/E) _(nano) with displacement into surface(L) are very different at different anodic polarized potentials.H_(nano) and(H/E)_(nano) decrease and E_(nano) increases with the increment of logarithm of anodic current density.When the samples under cavitation were polarized at passive region,cavitation corrosion of austenitic stainless steel is mainly controlled by erosion.However,it is mainly dominated by corrosion-induced erosion and erosion-induced corrosion,respectively,if anodic polarized potentials were controlled at the beginning of passive to super-passive and super-passive regions.The surface layer nano-hardness is a key factor dominating cavitation corrosion resistances of metals.During the interaction of cavitation with electrochemical corrosion,mass loss of corrosion-induced erosion,which is called non-Faraday weight loss,increases as a result of electrochemical corrosion.The corresponding corroded morphologies with microgrooves,micro-holes and micro-pits were observed.