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Additional file 1. Additional tables S1–S5 and additional figures S1–S5.

Off-policy learning, referring to the procedure of policy optimization with access only to logged feedback data, has shown importance in various real-world applications, such as search engines, recommender systems, and etc. While the ground-truth logging policy, which generates the logged data, is usually unknown, previous work simply takes its estimated value in off-policy learning, ignoring both high bias and high variance resulted from such an estimator, especially on samples with small and inaccurately estimated logging probabilities. In this work, we explicitly model the uncertainty in the estimated logging policy and propose a Uncertainty-aware Inverse Propensity Score estimator (UIPS) for improved off-policy learning. Experiment results on synthetic and three real-world recommendation datasets demonstrate the advantageous sample efficiency of the proposed UIPS estimator against an extensive list of state-of-the-art baselines.

Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been shown as important regulators in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this work was to explore the precise parts played by circRNA SEC31 homolog A (circSEC31A, hsa_circ_0001421) in NSCLC malignant progression. Methods The expression levels of circSEC31A, miR-376a and SEC31 homolog A (SEC31A) were gauged by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot. Subcellular fractionation assay was used to determine the subcellular localization of circSEC31A, and RNase R assay was performed to assess the stability of circSEC31A. Cell migration and invasion were detected by transwell assay, and cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. Measurement of glucose consumption, lactate production and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level were done using corresponding assay kits. The targeted interactions among circSEC31A, miR-376a and SEC31A were confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. Animal studies were performed to observe the role of circSEC31A in tumor growth in vivo. Results Our data indicated that circSEC31A and SEC31A were upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. CircSEC31A knockdown suppressed NSCLC cell migration, invasion, glycolysis and promoted apoptosis in vitro, as well as hindered tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circSEC31A directly interacted with miR-376a, and circSEC31A depletion regulated NSCLC cell malignant progression by miR-376a. Moreover, SEC31A was a functional target of miR-376a, and it mediated the regulatory impact of miR-376a overexpression on NSCLC cell progression. Furthermore, circSEC31A controlled SEC31A expression through acting as a miR-376a sponge. Conclusion Our findings first identified that the knockdown of circSEC31A suppressed NSCLC malignant progression at least partly through modulating SEC31A expression by acting as a miR-376a sponge, providing a novel molecular target of NSCLC therapy.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The morphological characteristics information of ten Mantidis Ootheca representative. Table S2. Primer tag sequence. Table S3. Mantidis COI records from GenBank. Table S4. 54 ASVs and Blast-Megan results. Table S5. Number of reads available for each sample. Table S6. Taxonomic identification information of 37 ASVs. Table S7. Sequence readings of pest species*. Table S8. Sequence readings of mantis species before rarefied*. Table S9. Sequence readings of mantis species after rarefied*. Fig. S1. The phylogeny of Mantis COI sequences downloaded from NCBI. A. The neighbor-joining tree based on 232 bp fragment trimmed by LCO1490/HCO1777. B. The neighbor-joining tree based on 658 bp fragment trimmed by LCO1490/HCO2198. Fig. S2. The gel electrophoresis diagram of the PCR products of 18 samples. From left to right: DL500 marker, 01–18 were samples spx01-spx18 respectively, K and F were negative controls during the experiment. Fig. S3. Rarefaction curves of mantis ASVs in each of the 18 samples. Different colors indicate different samples. Solid lines indicate actual sampling, dashed lines indicate predicted sampling.

End-to-end task bots are typically learned over a static and usually limited-size corpus. However, when deployed in dynamic, changing, and open environments to interact with users, task bots tend to fail when confronted with data that deviate from the training corpus, i.e., out-of-distribution samples. In this paper, we study the problem of automatically adapting task bots to changing environments by learning from human-bot interactions with minimum or zero human annotations. We propose SL-AGENT, a novel self-learning framework for building end-to-end task bots. SL-AGENT consists of a dialog model and a pre-trained reward model to predict the quality of an agent response. It enables task bots to automatically adapt to changing environments by learning from the unlabeled human-bot dialog logs accumulated after deployment via reinforcement learning with the incorporated reward model. Experimental results on four well-studied dialog tasks show the effectiveness of SL-AGENT to automatically adapt to changing environments, using both automatic and human evaluations. We will release code and data for further research.

Early diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases are indispensable to combat parasites mediated morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Mammalian sourced antibodies are being successfully used in immunotherapy and immunoassays. However, their increased conservation amongst mammals, involves them in unnecessary interaction and immune mediated pathologies, obstructing their applications in certain approaches in immunoassays. Further, the high production cost and difficulty to achieve high and stable antibody titer hampers their utility for therapeutic purposes. In recent years, chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin, termed as immunoglobulin Y (IgY) has attracted noticeable consideration since it poses greater advantages than mammalian IgG including high yield, low cost and convenience. IgY has unique properties which are being exploited in different aspects for its applications in research, diagnosis and therapy. This review gives an overview of the research outcomes pertaining to chicken IgY as diagnostics and therapeutics in parasitology.

Dialog systems enriched with external knowledge can handle user queries that are outside the scope of the supporting databases/APIs. In this paper, we follow the baseline provided in DSTC9 Track 1 and propose three subsystems, KDEAK, KnowleDgEFactor, and Ens-GPT, which form the pipeline for a task-oriented dialog system capable of accessing unstructured knowledge. Specifically, KDEAK performs knowledge-seeking turn detection by formulating the problem as natural language inference using knowledge from dialogs, databases and FAQs. KnowleDgEFactor accomplishes the knowledge selection task by formulating a factorized knowledge/document retrieval problem with three modules performing domain, entity and knowledge level analyses. Ens-GPT generates a response by first processing multiple knowledge snippets, followed by an ensemble algorithm that decides if the response should be solely derived from a GPT2-XL model, or regenerated in combination with the top-ranking knowledge snippet. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed pipeline system outperforms the baseline and generates high-quality responses, achieving at least 58.77% improvement on BLEU-4 score.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Difference of CD4 T subsets between SLE patients with and without renal disease.

Additional file 1.

With the development of Internet technology in modern society, universities and colleges have begun the construction of digital library. With the digitalization of the university library, the original service mode can not adapt to the modern university library service, so the innovation of the service mode has become very necessary, this paper will discuss the disadvantages of the original service mode, the innovation of the service mode and so on.

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have mostly considered the coordination and scheduling optimization of wind power, photovoltaic and conventional thermal power units, but rarely considered the photothermal units in the research on the coordination and scheduling strategy of a high proportion of new energy grid connection. With the large-scale rise of photovoltaic power stations, how to coordinate and optimize the scheduling of wind-photovoltaic, solar-thermal and thermal power has become a key problem for the grid integration of high proportion of new energy at present. This paper mainly considers the economy of the grid-connected system, takes the maximization of grid-connected benefit as the goal, and based on the optimized constraint conditions, constructs a mixed integer programming model suitable for the scheduling strategy of this paper to coordinate and control the output power of thermal power, wind power, photovoltaic and photothermal power. In addition, the simplex method and interior point method are combined in MATLAB for programming solution and simulation analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy can maximize the grid-connection benefit.

By analyzing the randomness and intermittentity of wind power output and PV power plant output and the schedulability of CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) power generation, a coordinated optimal scheduling strategy for wind power, photovoltaic, photothermal and hydropower is proposed. Based on the system integration benefit maximization, the target optimization function is constructed, and the fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) with elite strategy is used to optimize the objective function. The simulation results show that the wind power, photovoltaic and hydropower output are matched with the photothermal peaking characteristics, and the coordinated operation of wind power, photovoltaic, photothermal and hydropower coordination improves the economics of wind power, photovoltaic, photothermal and hydropower generation systems. Abandoning the wind and reducing the light, effectively improving the efficiency of grid connection. This verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is a new energy generation technology, which has received extensive attention in recent years. The research on the field level of Concentrating Solar power station is a difficult and hot topic in the research of Concentrating Solar power station at present, In this paper, the energy transfer process and heat transfer. Their basic operation models and economic models are established respectively. The results show that the efficiency and stability of CSP power station can be improved by improving the concentrating ability of the concentrating solar field, the utilization ratio of the heat storage tank and the thermal conversion efficiency.

In the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the problem about the determination of the algorithm's parameters, especially those related with channel frequency response (CFR) correlation, has not been readily solved yet. Although many approaches have been proposed to determine the statistic parameters, it is hard to choose the best one within those approaches in the design phase, since every approach has its own most suitable application conditions and the real channel condition is unpredictable. In this paper, we propose an enhance LMMSE estimation capable of selecting parameters by itself. To this end, sampled noise MSE is first proposed to evaluate the practical performance of interpolation. Based on this evaluation index, a novel parameter comparison scheme is proposed to determine the parameters which can endow LMMSE estimation best performance within a parameter set. After that, the structure of the enhanced LMMSE is illustrated, and it is applied in OFDM systems. Besides, the issues about theoretical analysis on accuracy of the parameter comparison scheme, the parameter set design and algorithm complexity are explained in detail. At last, our analyses and performance of the proposed estimation method are demonstrated by simulation experiments.

As more and more machine learning based systems are being deployed in industry, monitoring of these systems is needed to ensure they perform in the expected way. In this article we present a framework for such a monitoring system. The proposed system is designed and deployed at Mastercard. This system monitors other machine learning systems that are deployed for use in production. The monitoring system performs concept drift detection by tracking the machine learning system’s inputs and outputs independently. Anomaly detection techniques are employed in the system to provide automatic alerts. We also present results that demonstrate the value of the framework. The monitoring system framework and the results are the main contributions in this article.

Based on the household survey data from 242 cities at and above the prefecture level during 2005-2016. This study evaluates changes in the upgrading of China’s consumption structure, and investigates the overall and regional impacts of Internet development and spatial spillover on the upgrading of China’s consumption structure using the spatial Durbin model (SDM) with time fixed effects. The results suggest that China’s consumption structure remains basically stable in peiiodic changes, and there is a positive spatial correlation: China’s Internet development exerts significantly promoting effects on the upgrading of residents* consumption structure, and there is a regional heterogeneity, namely, such effects in Eastern China and Central China are more remarkable than those in Western China; Internet development in neighboring cities has indirect effects on the upgrading of urban residents* consumption structure through spatial spillover effects, and there are regional differences in such effects. This study provides enlightenment for promotion of the upgrading of residents* consumption structure and the high-quality economic development in China.

For purpose of thermal hydraulic analysis in small nuclear reactors, a sub-channel code with an improved convergence has been developed based on the homogenous flowing model. A combined lateral momentum equation coupling with continuity and axial momentum equation has been used to substitute the original lateral momentum equation. The Gauss iteration method has been adopted to solve the Kirchhoff's transformation equation of nonlinear heat conduction of fuel rod, a temperature dependent conducting has been considered. The code has been validated by using experimental data from the NUPEC PWR Sub-channel and Bundle Tests (PSBT) and then applied to the “MUTSU” reactor. Results show that the code can predict the experimental data with acceptable accuracy and has ability to analyze the small PWR reactor.

The widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming an imminent trend. Research has been done on the scheduling of EVs from the perspective of the charging characteristic. There is a lack of systematic studies considering EVs, the power grid, utilization of large scale wind energy, improvement in the safety and economy of the power grid, or the traffic jams in the transport system caused by a large number of EVs driven to charging stations all together. In this paper, the mathematical models are built for both smart charging and Vehicle-to-Grid operation with distribution grid constraints, the optimal solution of the model is obtained by using the glowworm swarm optimization algorithm. The simulation results verify the optimal control algorithm in coordinating distributed electric vehicle aggregations with the varying wind power and daily load.

The seed oil content in soybean is an important trait that drives successful soybean quality. A recombination of inbred lines derived from a cross between the ‘Charleston’ and ‘Dongnong594’ cultivars was planted in one location (HRB) across 13 years and two locations (HXL and JMS) across 6 years in China (25 environments in total), and the genetic effects were partitioned into additive main effects, epistatic main effects and their environmental interaction effects using composite interval mapping and inclusive composite interval mapping models based on a high-density genetic map. Twelve main-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes Ch3, Ch4, Ch6, Ch13, Ch15, Ch17, Ch18,Ch19 and Ch20 and detected in more than two environments. Among the intervals of the main-effect QTLs, eleven candidate genes were screened for their involvement in seed oil content and/or fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism processes based on gene ontology and annotation information, moreover, the main effect QTL were identified in a wild soybean chromosome segment substitution lines population, the phenotype and the QTL fragment showed the identity relationship significantly. Furthermore, an analysis of epistatic interactions showed that four epistatic QTL pairs were detected, and they could explain approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation interaction with environments in total. The additive main-effect QTLs and epistatic QTL pairs contributed to high phenotypic variation under multiple environments, and the results were also validated and corroborated with previous research, indicating that marker-assisted selection can be used to improve soybean oil content and that the candidate genes can also be used as a foundation data set for research on gene functions.

Wind power integration has made a new demand on the calculation of available transfer capability (ATC) in the power system operation. How to accurately decide ATC considering the volatility and stochastic variation of wind power as well as improve the calculation efficiency and precision has become an urgent problem to be solved. An improved method based on Reflective slice sampling (RSS) is proposed in this paper and applied to risk-based ATC decisions for wind farms integration system. The optimal modeling for probability model of wind farm outputs is firstly constructed. Then the sample space is obtained by RSS from the probabilistic model of wind farm outputs. Finally, the samples from the sample space are calculated by load flow and the statistical analysis of ATC decisions index is finished, the results of Gibbs sampling methods and RSS method are compared in IEEE30-bus system. It is shown that the proposed method can reduce the computation time and ensures its accuracy, and further improve system transmission efficiency.

This paper introduced the composition of Airborne dispenser, utilizing Monte Carlo test and compatibility test to obtain Airborne dispenser's bombing ranges with equal precision. The Airborne dispenser's hit accuracy was assessed by using simulation. Interference model of mathematical simulation and calculation method of miss distance, and then set up mathematical simulation's test project. According to the Mathematic model, a computer program was developed and simulation results were obtained. Finally, it was found error difference between Simulation results and really test.

The information superiority of equipment support exercise examination is an important direction of equipment support drill and other military training examinations. Based on the analysis of content of equipment support drill examination based on information system, the examination and evaluation index system of equipment support is proposed and planed.

Digital proving ground, is modern shooting range, of high degree automation and integration, based on the digital information network covering the entire area of the proving ground, replied on highly visual trial and direction, connecting various proving grounds and each tache of the trial with computer-based digital communication subsystems and the information system platform, realizing the data identification, collection, transmission, processing, sharing and use of the information. This article based on the basic concepts, methods and principles of HLA, the function and characteristic of proving ground are analyzed, and according to the basic concept, method and principle of HLA, the system design of the distributed digital Proving ground missile penetration simulation system were carried on. On this foundation, system structure of the system was built, and the realization method of federation members classification and the design of FOM / SOM and members interface were introduced.

DNA fingerprinting is both a popular and important technique with great advantages in plant cultivar identification. Despite this fact, this technique has never been used widely and efficiently in ...

The High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility is a new project in the Institute of Modern Physics. The dipole magnets of all rings are conceived as fast cycled superconducting magnet with high magnetic field and large gap, the warm iron and superconducting coil structure (superferric) is adopted. The reasonable structure design of coil and cryostat is very important for reliable operation. Based on the finite element software ANSYS, the mechanical analysis of electromagnetic stress, the thermal stress in the cooling down and the stress in the pumping are showed in detail. According to the analysis result, the supporter structure is the key problem of coil system. With reasonable support's structure design, the stress and the deformation of coil structure can be reduced effectively, which ensure the stable operation of superconducting coil system., Comment: 4 pages, 1 table, 8 figures

Purpose Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, consumptive coagulopathy, and an enlarging vascular lesion. It is a rare and life-threatening disease of vascular tumor. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of absolute ethanol in the treatment of KMP. Methods We treated 8 pediatric patients with KMP by using absolute ethanol injections, whose cases failed previously when applied steroid therapy. We reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of these 8 cases at Nanjing Children's Hospital in China. Results Eight pediatric patients (5 female and 3 male) showed tumor regression after treatments. Core needle biopsy had been performed on the 8 patients, and the results included 7 kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas and one tufted angioma. All patients had an increase in platelet count. All coagulopathies were corrected. Complications included one patient with flush on face, one patient with needle scars, and one patient with a small area of local tissue necrosis. Conclusion Absolute ethanol therapy presents a safe option in the treatment of KMP. Treatment-associated complications seemed to be reversible and acceptable by severity levels. Direct intralesional injection of absolute ethanol provides a simple and reliable alternative treatment for KMP among infants and may be used as the second-line therapy.

Particularism-based clan trust restricts family business growth in China. The result of trust game is that as long as the additional revenue x obtained by disloyal professional manager is less than 1/i of revenue b by loyal, cooperation between the family business and professional manager can be achieved, and trust can be established. By extension, if a society has perfect legal system, code of ethics and value system, universalism-based society trust can be built step by step. The society trust creates out society capital which is one kind of dynamic and self-growing capital. Society capital can become the permanent motive power of family business growth.

The obvious contradiction between ecological environment and economic growth, the low level of economic development, shorter leading industry chain, low level of regional networks, and uneconomic industry cluster at present in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone. System’s shortcomings: the interests of parties are imbalanced, incentive mechanism is not perfect, laws and regulations are lag, and oriented-policy is unknown. The ways of the system innovation are: to cultivate ecological economic culture, improve the environment of laws and regulations, and build policy support system.

Environmental taxation system generally refers to all taxes imposed in order to achieve certain environmental objectives. To introduce a carbon tax is imperative in China because it will perfect China’s environmental taxation system, mitigate China’s pressure of CO2 emission, establish the image of China as a responsible power, change China’s economic growth pattern, and respond to the international “Carbon Tariff”. Foreign practice shows that negative impact of a carbon tax on economic growth is not large, but it can promote low carbon economic development. In order to perfect environmental taxation system, introduction carbon tax in China should be noticed: to focus on the setup of carbon tax exemption clause, the selection of a reasonable introduction opportunity, the formation of environmental and economic policy force, the choice of progressive carbon tax rate, and the follow the principle of tax revenue neutral.

In the future development, the Poyang Lake area not only shoulders the important mission to protect “a lake uncontaminated water”, but also carries an important function to lead sound and rapid economic and social development. The defect of the cluster mode of Poyang Lake existing eco-industry is: the low level of eco-industrial development and cluster network, the diseconomy of eco-industry cluster mode, short leading industry chain, and the obvious contradiction between environment and industrial development. The path of the cluster mode innovation of Poyang Lake eco-industry is: to improve resource utilization, enhance industrial competitiveness, enrich regional innovation capability, and reduce transaction costs.

Carbon tax is not only an important part of the environmental taxation system, but also an important tool of environmental economic policy. The theoretical basis of a carbon tax is to internalize externalities in order to avoid the Tragedy of the Commons in atmosphere. Carbon tax would greatly decrease CO2 emissions. It would restrain economic growth in the short term, but is conducive to the healthy development of economy in the medium and long term, Meanwhile, it would reduce energy consumption and energy intensity, and would promote changes in energy consumption structure, but it increases the gap of income distribution between capital and labor and exacerbates social injustice. China has a huge pressure of CO2 emissions reduction after 2012, therefore, I recommend that the government begins to levy a carbon tax in 2013 and implement a low tax rate of 20CNY/tc which increases gradually in future.

In the launch process of a satellite, heating on the base can be serious with pneumatic heating of the back-flowing plume and radiation of the plume and high temperature surfaces. Overheating is very dangerous for the switch installed on the flange base. So investigating the heat flux on the flange base and switch is important for ensuring normal operation of the satellite. The object of this paper is to calculate heat fluxes on the flange base and switch of satellite. First, solution of the N-S equation is coupled solved with the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) to simulate the united flow field of the engine, the backflow field and pneumatic heating flux of the plume. Secondly, the discrete ordinate method is used to compute the incident radiation flux from the plume. The network method is used to compute the incident radiation flux from high temperature surfaces at the satellite base in the end. The results show that both the temperature and pressure of gas after the nozzle exit are relatively low, and the gas molecule in the backflow is especially sparse. The maximum heating flux on the flange base and switch comes from radiation of high temperature surfaces. The pneumatic heating of the backflow is small and radiation from the plume is inappreciable. Heat fluxes on the flange base and switch vary widely: highest at the lateral part of the switch, greater than 103W/m2; smaller on the flange base, with 400W/m2; and smallest on the switch top with 200W/m2.12

In the present study, an unstructured finite volume method for radiative transfer in 3-D enclosure with inhomegeneous participating medium is developed. That method is applicable for complex geometry enclosure. The computational domain is divided into many tetrahedral volume cells, which is easily applied into structured or unstructured. A general discretization equation based on step scheme for spatial differencing and azimuthal discretization in angular domain was derived. In order to validated the developed unstructured finite volume method, three test cases were chosen, including a cubic enclosure with absorbing-emitting medium, an equilateral triangular enclosure with absorbing-emitting medium, a 3D L-shaped enclosure with absorbing-emitting/scattering medium. All the solutions based on the present method have a good agreement with available other solutions. Then, one case with more complex geometry, a hollow cubic enclosure with absorbing-emitting and isotropic scattering medium, was investigated. The effects of scattering albedo on wall radiative flux, incident radiation and radiative flux divergence were analyzed. It was found that the developed model is reliable and accurate and suitable for radiative transfer in complex 3-D enclosure with inhomegeneous absorbing-emitting and scattering medium.12

Generator paralleling is a frequent and essential operation in the power system. If the frequency error is too great, the oncoming generator could slip a pole, causing damage to the machine. Therefore, the precision frequency measurement of the generator and the power system is one of important conditions to ensure that the automatic quasi-synchronizer can operate accurately. A new method of frequency measurement used in the generator automatic quasi-synchronizer is discussed in this paper. The basic principle of the frequency measurement is introduced. The frequency measurement is finished by combining PIC16F877 and FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) technique. The hardware and software designs were introduced. The device adopted PIC16F877 as main controller and FPGA as assistant controller which detects the frequency and the PIC16F877 manages the data and implements intelligent control. The excellence of the mix design is that two advantages are reinforced. The hardware circuit is simple and the reliability of the system is high, so that the generator realizes quasi-synchronizing quickly and veracity.

Press conferences of different countries can be perceived from a cross-cultural pragmatic perspective. This study investigated evasion strategies employed by Chinese and American spokespersons in the routine press conferences held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China and the US Department of State to sidestep challenging questions from aggressive journalists on the issue of North Korean Nuclear during the period of 4 months in 2006. Evasion can be categorized into two types: overt evasion and covert evasion. Findings demonstrated that: 1) Evasion strategy was the frequently adopted strategy by both Chinese and American spokespersons; 2) comparatively speaking, the American spokesperson turns to overt evasion strategy more often while the Chinese spokesperson adopts covert evasion strategy more frequently. 3) the differences of evasion strategies used by Chinese and American spokespersons largely lie in their different verbal styles typical of their respective national characteristics in protecting different national interests.

The quasi-synchronizing parallel is an important operation in the power system. If the frequency error is too great, the oncoming generator could slip a pole, causing damage to the machine. Therefore, the precision frequency measurement of the generator and the power system is one of important conditions to ensure that the automatic quasi-synchronizer can operate accurately. A new method of frequency measurement used in the generator automatic quasi-synchronizer is discussed in this paper. The basic principle of the frequency measurement is introduced. The frequency measurement is finished by combining SCM and CPLD (complex programmable logic device) technique. CPLD detects the frequency and the SCM manages the data and implements intelligent control, the hardware circuit diagram and the software flow chart are showed in the paper. The experiments indicate that the measurement precision and system integration are improved. The measurement error is less than 10-3 and the novel quasi-synchronizer is practical.

Calculation of the infrared characteristics of a rocket nozzle is very important for the study of infrared initiating technology. The Narrow-Band Zone model is developed for that purpose. The spectral transmission and absorption factors are introduced, and the equations between radiative heat flux and the temperature of wall surfaces and gas are developed. The radiative heat transfer in one axisymmetric cylindrical enclosure filled with homogeneous radiative participating medium is computed with the Narrow-Band Zone model and compared with those in the reference documents. The comparison shows good agreement. The radiative heat transfer to the nozzle of one rocket engine is also calculated with the Narrow-Band Zone model, and the outgoing radiative energy flux and energy rate integrated in a mid-wave infrared band 2~6 mum, a long-wave infrared band 8-14 mum and the full wave band are analyzed. The following conclusions can be derived: the spectral radiation from the inlet and outlet of the nozzle show apparent spectral discontinuity, which appears greater in the 2.7~2.95 mum than in the neighboring wave band. The spectral outgoing radiative energy flux of nozzle wall is similar to that of gray body, which decreases with wavelength in 2~14 mum. The outgoing radiative energy flux on the nozzle wall is greater in the cylindrical and contracting section of nozzle, but smaller in the divergent section, which is determined by the temperature. The nozzle of the rocket engine radiates most energy in the mid-wave infrared band 2~6 mum, long-wave infrared band 8~14 mum and full wave band are analyzed.

Estimation the temperature distribution on nozzle wall by predicting the thermal environment is most important for assessing the life of the nozzle. For that purpose, the coupling simulation of the conjugate heat transfer and transient temperature on the rocket nozzle wall is studied. The equation of radiative heat flux on surfaces of an enclosure filled with inhomogeneous, participating media is established to compute the radiative heat flux, the Bazi equation is used to compute the convective heat transfer at the nozzle wall from the hot gases, the differential equation of 2-D transient conduction in cylindrical coordinate is established and discretized with reclusion form. The conjugate heat transfer coupling with the transiental temperature of two composite walled nozzles are computed, one is the nozzle of an experimental rocket engine fabricated with stainless substrate and a ZrO2 coating, the other is constructed with multi-layer composite materials. The results show that: the temperatures both on the inside and outside faces of the rocket nozzle increase with time after startup of the rocket engine, the former increase rapidly while the latter increase slowly. On the same cross section, the temperature decreases along the radius inside the wall, which is maximal at the outside face while minimal at the inside face. The temperature of the straight and contraction section of nozzle increases as axial coordinate increases and becomes maximal at the throat, while decreases with axial coordinate in diverging section. The coupling simulation method and the computed results are tested reasonable by comparing the computed results with reported results in reference.

The basic structure and working principles of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) are described in this paper. The special requirements for power quality of the system are introduced in this paper. Related experiments are designed to measure the power quality of the system. The paper designs a new type of single-phase active power filter(APF). By applying selective harmonic elimination technique(SHE), the APF can compensate the reactive component and high harmonics of line current without detecting the reactive current and harmonic current of the load. A switch angle’s solution method of optical SHEPWM is presented. PI controller of the APF is also designed. According to the data we got, the APF we designed can attain the goal of eliminating harmonics effectively.

In cell and micro-cell environmental for 3G mobile communications, the probability of the dropping of handover calls due to users' mobility and blocking of new calls is the main parameter, which determines the QoS of the system. Now although some policy can improve the performance of handovers, they all increase the blocking probability of new calls. In this paper we propose a new call admission policy, which based on the fractional guard channel scheme, but additionally considers the blocking of new calls. This proposed policy could improve the performance of the system, compared to the commonly used call admission policy.

This paper described T cell proliferative response by an alternative pathway in normal subjects and in patients with malignant diseases. Two McAbs, Anti-CCT1 and Lo-CD2-act recognizing two distinct epitopes on E-receptor (CD2) were used to costimulate PBMC. Proliferative responsiveness was measured by3H-thymidine incorporation. It was found that 82% of 72 normal subjects gave proliferative response whereas only 23% of the 93 patients did. The average cpm±SD in patients with bladder cancer (118±2314), kidney cancer (1619±2719) or lymphoma (2518±4057) was significantly lower than that in normal subjects (4935±2314), (P

A process methodology has been adopted to transfer GaN thin films grown on sapphire substrates to Si substrates using metal bonding and laser lift-off techniques. After bonding, a single KrF (248 nm) excimer laser pulse was directed through the transparent sapphire substrates followed by low-temperature heat treatment to remove the substrates. The influence of bonding temperature and energy density of the excimer laser on the structure and optical properties of GaN films were investigated systemically. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements showed that (1) the quality of the GaN film was higher at a lower bonding temperature and lower energy density; (2) the threshold of the energy density of the excimer laser lift-off GaN was 300 mJ/cm2. The root-mean-square roughness of the transferred GaN surface was about 50 nm at a bonding temperature of 400 °C.