Search

The connection of subway stations to surrounding underground spaces inevitably involves opening construction in the existing underground structure. The opening construction can strongly impact the existing underground structure when there is no reserved condition. In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulation, model test, and theoretical analysis are used to analyze the mechanical behaviors of side wall opening construction in a mined excavation subway station-Xuanwumen Station of Beijing Subway Line 4. Based on the deformation and stress characteristics of the existing side wall structure, two different reinforcement measures are compared. It is found that the vertical and horizontal deformations of the existing structure caused by opening construction is −1.58 and −1.79 mm, respectively, which are lower than the subway deformation control requirements (3 mm). However, the first and third principal stress increments are 2.14 and −4.62 MPa, respectively, which are markedly higher than the control requirement (10%). A “two-step opening” method is proposed for side wall opening construction in underground structures based on the solution of complex function to the orifice problem. This theoretical method is validated by numerical simulations and model tests, achieving highly consistent results. The allowable ultimate span of side wall opening is 5.75 m without reinforcement. Findings of the present study provide a reference for the design and construction of side wall openings in similar underground spaces.

Hull color of foxtail millet is an important indicator of certain nutritional quality parameters. An F2:6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed by crossing a yellow-hulled cultivar Yugu 5 and a brown-hulled cultivar Jigu 31 was used to determine the genetic control of the hull color trait. This population segregated for yellow and brown hull colors in a ratio of 2:1, indicating that hull color is regulated by multiple genetic loci. A bulk segregant analysis-RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) approach performed using the RNA bulks from 30 lines with brown and yellow hull colors each identified three genomic regions on chromosomes 1 (4,570,517-10,698,955 bp), 2 (40,301,380-46,168,003 bp), and 3 (44,469,860-50,532,757 bp). A new QTL for brown hull color of Jigu 31, QHC.czas1, was detected between bin markers Block43 and Block697 on chromosome 1 with the genetic linkage map constructed by re-sequencing a subset of the 147 RILs. This QTL explained a high level of phenotypic variation ranging from 28.0% to 47.0%. The corresponding genomic region of this QTL in the foxtail millet reference genome overlapped with that detected on chromosome 1 by the BSR-Seq analysis. Nineteen genes associated with biosynthesis of anthocyanin were annotated in this genomic region. Gene Si1g06530 encoding a SANT/Myb domain protein was highly expressed in developing panicles and seeds, which warrants further verification as the candidate gene for the brown color hull of Jigu 31. Moreover, several annotated genes for biosynthesis of anthocyanin were identified in the genomic regions of chromosomes 2 and 3.

In order to solve the problem of excessive temperature rise caused by 2.5 WM permanent magnet wind turbine in operation, this paper designs a heat dissipation system. The combination structure of the heat exchanger and the heat sink was determined, as well as the heat dissipation method of the internal and external cycle isolation heat exchange. The control method and operation mode with Siemens PLC as the core are put forward. The computational fluid dynamics method is utilized to design the air-cooling heat exchanger and the liquid-cooled heat sink of the heat dissipation system. The results show that the cooling pipe gap has a great impact on the liquid cooling effect. The cooling pipe arrangement and piping arrangement of the air-cooled heat exchanger and liquid-cooled radiator are optimized. Finally, taking a 2.5 MW direct-drive permanent magnet wind turbine as an example, four environmental temperatures were selected to test generators in rated power. Verify that the cooling system is designed to meet cooling requirements.

The serine/threonine protein kinase AKT plays a pivotal role within the PI3K pathway in regulating cellular proliferation and apoptotic cellular functions, and AKT hyper-activation via gene amplification and/or mutation has been implicated in multiple human malignancies. There are 3 AKT isoenzymes (AKT1-3) which mediate critical, non-redundant functions. We present the discovery and development of ALM301, a novel, allosteric, sub-type selective inhibitor of AKT1/2. ALM301 binds in an allosteric pocket created by the combined movement of the PH domain and the catalytic domain, resulting in a DFG out conformation. ALM301 was shown to be highly selective against a panel of over 450 kinases and potently inhibited cellular proliferation. These effects were particularly pronounced in MCF-7 cells containing a PI3KCA mutation. Subsequent cellular downstream pathway analysis in this sensitive cell line revealed potent inhibition of pAKT signalling up to 48 h post dosing. ALM301 treatment was well tolerated in an MCF-7 xenograft model and led to a dose-dependent reduction in tumour growth. Enhanced efficacy was observed in combination with tamoxifen. In summary, ALM301 is a highly specific AKT 1/2 inhibitor with an excellent pharmacological profile suitable for further clinical development.

In the irrigation process and fertilization process of agricultural production, the accuracy of fertilizer application and water use is kept at a relatively low level, which leads to soil slumping and waste of resources. In order to solve the above problems, this study investigates the demand for fertilizer application accuracy in the field and builds a mathematical model of variable fertilizer application system. Considering a large number of defects of the system, such as poor fertilization accuracy, long response time, and unstable regulation process, combined with MATLAB/Simulink platform, this study designs a PID algorithm based on bacterial foraging-particle swarm hybrid algorithm to control the fertilization and irrigation process of the variable fertilizer applicator. The precise fertilization control of the variable fertilizer system is mainly studied and the fuzzy proportional integral differential gain parameters of the variable fertilizer system by the hybrid algorithm are optimized. By comparing with the control algorithms (proportional-integral differential control, fuzzy proportional-integral differential control, and proportional-integral differential control with particle swarm optimization) commonly applied in the current fertilizer application system, the comparison results demonstrate that the control algorithm in this paper has better regulation, smaller overshoot, excellent stability and more rising steady-state time deficit, which can realize the precise control of the fertilizer system. Finally, this study designed fertilizer application accuracy tests under different pressure values. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this study has high fertilizer application accuracy under different pressures, which greatly reduces the waste of resources in the process of fertilizer application for crop irrigation.

As a weak link in large wind turbine blades, adhesively bonded joints have recently received unprecedented attention in the field of wind energy because they are easily damaged and have short lifet...

Background Excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is the main cause of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH), and mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role. However, the specific molecular regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial function in PASMCs remains unclear. Methods In this study, using the CCK8 assay, EdU incorporation, flow cytometry, Western blotting, co-IP, mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, Seahorse extracellular flux analysis and echocardiography, we investigated the specific involvement of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a mitochondrial oxidoreductase in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitophagy in PASMCs. Results In vitro, AIF deficiency in hypoxia leads to impaired oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolysis and ROS release because of the loss of mitochondrial complex I activity. AIF was also downregulated and ubiquitinated under hypoxia leading to the abnormal occurrence of mitophagy and autophagy through its interaction with ubiquitin protein UBA52. In vivo, treatment with the adeno-associated virus vector to overexpress AIF protected pulmonary vascular remodeling from dysfunctional and abnormal proliferation. Conclusions Taken together, our results identify AIF as a potential therapeutic target for PH and reveal a novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism in hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. PCoA of the rhizosphere soil a) bacterial and b) fungal community compositions. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2. Table S1. Geographic information of sampling sites. Table S2. Alpha-diversity indices of soil bacterial and fungal community (mean ± SE, N = 3). Table S3. Results of PERMANOVA analysis showing effects of different factors on soil1 microbial composition. Table S4. Results of PERMANOVA analysis showing effects of different factors on rhizosphere2 microbial composition. Table S5. Co-occurrence network properties of rhizosphere microbial communities in different samples. (DOCX 91 KB)

High-resolution characterisation of lanthanide-based luminescence complexes and nanomaterials provides in-depth insights to understand the details of energy-transfer process and photon luminescence mechanisms, guiding new designs for probes and methods for advanced sensing applications. Comparing many recent developments of lanthanide luminescent materials, current spectrometer-based instruments are insufficient in characterising the optical properties of nanoscale and micro-scale luminescence samples. This PhD program of optoelectronics engineering explores time-resolved approaches through demonstrations of two purpose-built devices for comprehensive characterisation and advanced applications of long-lived luminescent materials. The first part of this thesis describes a design of a multi-colour time-gated luminescence (TGL) microscope. Implementing a high-speed Xenon flash lamp and synchronised time-gated detection unit, we suggest a practical approach to upgrade a commercial microscope for low-background time-gated luminescence imaging at low cost, with high stability and simplicity. We applied this system for simultaneous inspection of pathogenic micro-organisms and evaluated its detection sensitivity by imaging single luminescent nanoparticles. The second part of this thesis presents an imaging-spectroscopy platform for high-resolution simultaneous characterisation of lifetimes and spectra of long-lived luminescence materials. Incorporating a multi-channel photomultiplier tube as a linear array detector behind a spectrometer, we realised a three-dimensional time-resolved spectrometer; coupling the 3-D spectrometer to a purpose-built laser scanning confocal microscope; we demonstrated a microscope-based device for characterisation of nanoscale and micro-scale luminescent samples. The third part of this thesis showcases new functionalities of the imaging-spectroscopy system by nanophotonic characterisation of the new generation of colour-coded upconversion micro-rods and single upconversion nanoparticles. In addition to the main result chapters, I have obtained some preliminary results on the exploration of the relationship between the excitation power and luminescence lifetime using our time-resolved spectroscopy system. Moreover, I have also succeeded in demonstrating two other optical characterisation systems for measurement of luminescence quantum yield of upconversion activators, and characterisation of upconversion polarisation properties. These results are also included in this thesis as three appendices. The advances brought to the characterisation systems in this thesis provide a set of new tools for exploring the rich optical properties of long-lived luminescence materials at the nanoscale and promoting novel luminescence materials for ultrasensitive and rapid sensing applications. The three key result chapters of this thesis are presented by publication of four peer-reviewed journal papers. The introduction chapter is presented as a manuscript of a review article and the conclusion chapter is followed by three appendices containing the results of my work in parallel during the last three and half years of PhD research.

Additional file 1: Supplementary tables. Table S1. Primers used in this study. Table S2. Metabolic reaction formula of relative flux simulation of central carbon metabolism. Table S3. Metabolite abbreviations and descriptions mentioned in formula. Table S4. Copy number of target genes in overexpression strains identified by quantitative PCR. Table S5. Pool sizes of intracellular amino acids for strains OE-fadE (overexpressing gene fadE), OE-fadA (overexpressing fadA) and B36 at steady state. The unit is μmol/gDCW.

Additional file 2: Supplementary figures. Fig. S1. The relative flux of EMP, PP and TCA pathways in control strain B36 and two recombinant strains at chemostat culture steady state predicted by iHL1210.

Formula derivations

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Specific primer of FENDRR were designed by NCBI; subcellular localization of FENDRR predicted by lncATLAS website and secondary structure of FENDRR. Fig. S2. Overexpression efficiency of FENDRR; the protein levels of Caspase-4 and Caspase-11. Fig. S3. FENDRR ASO enhances cell pyroptosis in HPAECs. Fig. S4. Interference efficiency and overexpression efficiency of DRP1. Fig. S5. Interference efficiency of YTHDC1. Fig. S6. Conservative analysis of the functional fragment TFO2 of FENDRR (464–516); in situ hybridization of the functional fragment TFO2 of FENDRR (464–516); the expression levels of DRP1 were detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Fig. S7. Overexpression conserved sequence TFO2 adenovirus of FENDRR in vivo does not affect the development of PH under normoxic conditions. Fig. S8. Mitochondrial superoxide indicator (Mito-SOX Red) was used to detect the mitochondrial-derived ROS production.

On-orbit manufacturing is affected by space microgravity, high vacuum, large temperature variation, strong radiation and other environmental factors, which also puts forward new requirements for materials and process methods suitable for on-orbit manufacturing. This paper summarizes the current research status of different scholars on materials and technologies for on-orbit manufacturing. The main application scenarios and requirements of on-orbit manufacturing are analysed. The technical capability requirements under different application requirements are analysed. Then according to the material source, material use and manufacturability, the material system for in-orbit manufacturing is established. According to different technical requirements, the manufacturing technology system of on-orbit manufacturing is established. From the point of view of materials and technology, the key technical directions that should be broken through in on-orbit manufacturing are put forward. It can provide reference for the subsequent research on materials and process technology of on-orbit manufacturing.

Biological applications of nanomaterials as delivery carriers have been embedded in traditional biomedical research for decades. Despite lagging behind, recent significant breakthroughs in the use of nanocarriers as tools for plant biotechnology have created great interest. In this Perspective, we review the outstanding recent works in nanocarrier-mediated plant transformation and its agricultural applications. We analyze the chemical and physical properties of nanocarriers determining their uptake efficiency and transport throughout the plant body.

Although Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) has been shown to have various pharmacological effects, there have been no studies concerning the inhibitory effects of APS on the radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE). The aim of this study was to investigate whether APS could suppress RIBE damage by inhibiting cell growth, micronucleus (MN) formation and 53BP1 foci number increased in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), named bystander cells, as well as to explore its mechanism. In this study, APS decreased proliferation and colony rate of bystander cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase via extrinsic and intrinsic DNA damage. Regarding mechanism, APS inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway by down-regulating the expression of the key proteins, phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) but not phosphorylated P38 (p-P38), and down-regulating their downstream function protein and molecule, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, in bystander cells, APS inhibits expression of transforming growth factor [Formula: see text] receptor II (TGF-[Formula: see text]R II), a cell membrane receptor, resulting in lower ROS production and secretion via TGF-[Formula: see text]R-JNK/ERK-COX-2/ROS not P38 signaling. They gave a hint that the decreased RIBE damage induced by APS treatment involved TGF-[Formula: see text]R-JNK/ERK-COX-2/ROS down-regulation.

Cluster operation of a cotton picker requires production monitoring, work area statistics, and the collection of work status information. Traditional cotton pickers are either not equipped with a production inspection system or use approximate statistics only. To achieve accurate monitoring of the output of cotton pickers and ensure the accuracy and reliability of remote communication, this study designed a laser- and sensor-based flow-monitoring device that uses a wireless sensor and proposed the use of an image data processing method to accurately calculate cotton flow. BeiDou Navigation Satellite System positioning technology is used to determine the position and area of a cotton picker, and the collected data are transmitted to the dispatch center using BeiDou short message communication technology. The remote monitoring system of the cotton picker includes an onboard vehicle subsystem and a dispatch center. The onboard vehicle subsystem can acquire acquisition information and remotely transmit location information, acquisition area, and acquisition traffic. The dispatch center mainly sends instructions to the cab of the cotton picker for remote management, scheduling, and visual imaging of the track and production statistics of the cotton picker. The monitoring system was installed in the pilot of the 8th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in China. The cotton quality monitoring accuracy reached 97%, the positioning and ranging errors were less than 1%, and the system can communicate smoothly without a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) network area. Keywords: Cotton, Image processing, Production statistics, Remote scheduling, Short message communication, Traffic monitoring.

This paper provides some extended results on estimating parameter matrix of several regression models when the covariate or response possesses weaker moment condition. We study the $M$-estimator of Fan et al. (Ann Stat 49(3):1239--1266, 2021) for matrix completion model with $(1+\epsilon)$-th moment noise. The corresponding phase transition phenomenon is observed. When $1> \epsilon>0$, the robust estimator possesses a slower convergence rate compared with previous literature. For high dimensional multiple index coefficient model, we propose an improved estimator via applying the element-wise truncation method to handle heavy-tailed data with finite fourth moment. The extensive simulation study validates our theoretical results., Comment: 13 pages

This paper proposes a detection and location method for a special culture carrier for Nucleic Acid Detection in COVID-19. In order to reduce the pollution caused by manual operation and promote the automation of Nucleic Acid Detection, we use the image processing and machine vision techniques to detect and locate the target culture carrier. By using the OpenCV library functions, we can complete the detection process of image processing algorithm. Based on the recognition and size measurement of the existing training carrier, the appropriate threshold is obtained through many experiments to complete the detection and location of the target culture carrier. Finally, we gather 10 pictures of images for detection and evaluation, the feasibility and efficiency of this method is demonstrated through the actual detection operation.

The use of construction waste as a subgrade backfill material is a very promising approach to solve the problems of the rapidly increasing amount of construction waste and the shortage of c...

BACKGROUND This study investigated the effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) in human bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced by irradiated A549 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS A549 cells were irradiated with 2 Gy X-rays to obtain conditioned medium. BMSCs were incubated with the conditioned medium or APS. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TGF-β were detected by ELISA. Cell survival, genomic instability, and DNA damages were detected by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, the micronucleus test and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. The protein and phosphorylation protein expression of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), P65, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in bystander effect cells were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The expression of COX-2 and ROS increased following stimulation with conditioned medium; this effect was inhibited by pre-exposing the cells to APS. BMSCs growth and colony formation rate decreased following stimulation with conditioned medium; this effect was suppressed by pre-exposing the cells to APS. In addition, the micronucleus rate and 53BP1 foci number increased after treatment with conditioned medium; this increase in BMSCs was inhibited by APS. The levels of phosphorylated p38, JNK, ERK1/2, NF-κB P65, and COX-2 proteins were increased by conditioned medium but were decreased by pre-treatment with APS. CONCLUSIONS RIBE in BMSCs induced by the irradiated A549 was mediated by the ROS in the conditioned medium and might be related to MAPK/NF-κB signal pathways in BMSCs. APS may block RIBE through regulating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

An appropriate pH value of liquid fertilizer can enable crops to better absorb nutrients from fertilizers. However, the mixed liquid fertilizer with high concentration of liquid fertilizer and irrigation water has a high pH value, which affects the absorption of nutrients by crops. Therefore, the precise regulation of liquid fertilizer pH value is an important link to realize the integration of water and fertilizer in modern agriculture. Due to pipeline transportation and diffusion of the regulating liquid and liquid fertilizer, the pH value control system has the characteristics of time-varying, non-linear and time-delayed models, and it is difficult for ordinary controllers to accurately control the pH value of liquid fertilizer. Therefore, modern agriculture urgently needs a controller that can adapt to non-linear and uncertain systems. According to the characteristics of the pH regulation process of liquid fertilizer, this study proposes and designs a modified fuzzy-PID-Smith predictive compensation algorithm, which adds the fuzzy-PID algorithm to the predictor of the conventional Smith algorithm to compensate for the error between the actual and theoretical models in order to reduce the decline of control quality caused by the model mismatch to the control system. To verify the practicability and robustness of the algorithm in practical applications, a liquid fertilizer pH value control system with STM32F103ZET6 as the control core was developed. The pH control system with fuzzy-PID and Smith algorithm as controller was used as the control group. The model was simulated and tested under two conditions of exact matching and imprecise matching, and performance tests were carried out under different output flow rates. The results showed that the maximum overshoot of the modified fuzzy-PID-Smith predictive compensation algorithm was significantly less than that of the other two algorithms at different output flow rates, with an average of 0.23%. The average steady-state time of adjusting the pH value of liquid fertilizer from 7.3 to 6.8 was 72 s, which was superior to the 145 s and 3.2% of fuzzy-PID and 130 s and 1.4% of the Smith controller.

During the systematic screening of bioactive compounds from our marine natural product library, crude extract of the marine-derived fungus strain Aspergillus fumigatus MF029 exhibited moderate bioactivities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG). Further chemical investigation resulted in the identification of two new compounds, chaetominine A (1) and sphingofungin I (2), together with four known compounds, emodin (3), chaetominine (4), sphingofungin D (5) and trypacidin (6). Trypacidin displayed potential antitubercular activity with MIC value of 1.25 μg/mL.

There is an urgent demand for privacy-preserving techniques capable of supporting compute and data intensive (CDI) computing in the era of big data. However, none of existing TEEs can truly support CDI computing tasks, as CDI requires high throughput accelerators like GPU and TPU but TEEs do not offer security protection of such accelerators. This paper present HETEE (Heterogeneous TEE), the first design of TEE capable of strongly protecting heterogeneous computing with unsecure accelerators. HETEE is uniquely constructed to work with today's servers, and does not require any changes for existing commercial CPUs or accelerators. The key idea of our design runs security controller as a stand-alone computing system to dynamically adjust the boundary of between secure and insecure worlds through the PCIe switches, rendering the control of an accelerator to the host OS when it is not needed for secure computing, and shifting it back when it is. The controller is the only trust unit in the system and it runs the custom OS and accelerator runtimes, together with the encryption, authentication and remote attestation components. The host server and other computing systems communicate with controller through an in memory task queue that accommodates the computing tasks offloaded to HETEE, in the form of encrypted and signed code and data. Also, HETEE offers a generic and efficient programming model to the host CPU. We have implemented the HETEE design on a hardware prototype system, and evaluated it with large-scale Neural Networks inference and training tasks. Our evaluations show that HETEE can easily support such secure computing tasks and only incurs a 12.34% throughput overhead for inference and 9.87% overhead for training on average., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures

Experimental and numerical investigations on forced convection heat transfer of supercritical CO2 within a semi-circular printed circuit heat exchanger have been performed in the present study. Primary operational parameters included inlet pressure of 7.5 MPa to 8.5 MPa, mass fluxes ranged from 160 kg/m2s to 760 kg/m2s and the average heat fluxes of 20 kW/m2 to 90 kW/m2. A physically improved semi-empirical correlation for the forced convection heat transfer of supercritical CO2 within the PCHE was developed by implementing probability density function (PDF)-based property revised technique for more reasonably interpreting the influence of the instantaneous turbulent temperature and fluctuating properties. The comparison results showed that the simple DB correlation could not reproduce the experiments and the Jackson correlation with the properties ratio correction terms could qualitatively capture the heat transfer features under different working conditions, however, it still overestimated the average value of the heat transfer coefficients in the whole range of the working conditions. The predictions of the PDF-based new developed correlation are significantly improved so that more than 96% data in the heating mode and more than 92% data in the cooling mode with various heat fluxes are captured and collapsed to an ideal straight line within an accuracy of 25%.

This paper used an equal volume impregnation method to produce egg yolk-egg white bimetallic-supported catalyst. Phase structure and crystal morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and inductive coupling plasma methods, and the paper discussed the effect of different metal loading, calcination temperature, and calcination time on the desulfurization activity. The experimental results showed that desulfurization performance increased first and then gradually decreased as metal loading, calcination temperature, and calcination time increased. The optimum preparation conditions of bimetallic catalyst were 8% NiO and 5% MnO2, the most suitable calcination temperature was 400°C, and the most suitable calcination time was 4 h. Finally, the eggshell, the egg white, and the egg yolk catalysts had its own different characteristics in the desulfurization processing: the eggshell catalyst showed a rapid reaction rate but lasted for a short time, the egg yolk catalyst showed a slow reaction rate but lasted for a long time, and the reaction rate and lasting time of the egg white were between the eggshell and the egg yolk.

There are air gap and machining difficulty for loose coupled rotating transformer in contactless excitation system (CES). The coupling coefficient is relatively small compare with traditional transformer at the same time. There are several problems in the CES, such as loose coupled rotating transformer works inside the motor with high speed, difficult way to control, primary side and secondary side of loose coupled rotating transformer fix on the motor stator and rotor. In view of the adjacent windings type and coaxial windings type, the topology, simulation and experimental research are given in this paper. Through Ansoft 2D model identified two kinds of topology optimal working air gap is 1 mm. Verify the adjacent windings type topology of magnetic line of force closure degree is better than coaxial windings type. The simulation of Ansoft 3D model with adjacent type verifies the magnetic induction intensity is better than coaxial windings type. The experimental prototype of adjacent optimal type on CES to test the design has good transmission effect. The experimental results verify the rationality of the design of the adjacent windings type topology and accuracy, play a key role in improve the contactless excitation system in the future.

A novel photosensitizer trans-2,3-dihydro-2,3-bis(carboxymethyl)-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylchlorin (BCTC) was synthesized. Its photophysical and photochemical properties, intracellular localization, photocytotoxicity in vitro and vivo were also investigated. BCTC displays a characteristic long wavelength absorption peak at 652 nm and shows a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.68 in DMF. Without light activation, BCTC was nontoxic to human esophageal cancer cells. However, upon light activation, BCTC exhibited significant photocytotoxicity. After PDT treatment, the growth of Eca-109 tumor in nude mice was significantly inhibited. This study suggests that BCTC is an effective photosensitizer for PDT to tumors.

In view of the problems of waste of water resources, high labor intensity and unscientific irrigation during farmland irrigation, and the shortcomings of ZigBee technology in the water-saving irrigation system network, such as short transmission distance, complicated network structure, and signals that are easily interfered during transmission. This paper designs a farmland environment information collection and monitoring system based on NB-IoT. The system consists of a terminal collection node, a wireless communication module and a host computer. Farmland environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor network includes wireless temperature and humidity sensor, wireless nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor, Arduino MEGA development board NB-IoT communication module, gateway and Wasp mobile network, real-time collection, processing and wireless of farmland moisture data Transmission function, using NI LabVIEW software to compile the monitoring interface, real-time display of soil moisture in the form of waveform graph, and automatically control the opening and closing of the valve according to the soil moisture information. The system has flexible layout, long transmission distance, simple structure and integrated modules. It can achieve the purpose of precise irrigation and water saving, and is suitable for field planting, which has certain promotion significance.

Post-harvest diseases of raspberries affect their storage and subsequently the ability to provide consumers with fresh products. The antifungal activity of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) against both pre and postharvest diseases has previously been demonstrated, but the control of raspberry postharvest diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer using MVOCs has not been extensively studied. We have thus investigated the effects of Bacillus siamensis G-3 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on controlling the diseases caused by B. cinerea and R. stolonifer. Bioassays of the VOCs of B. siamensis G-3 exhibited significant control effects (89.4%) on the two pathogens. The VOCs composition was studied with solid phase micro extraction and GC/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), and 22 VOCs, different from the controls, were identified. Among these compounds, only 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) had significant control effects on the pathogens (*P

The safflower collection device is an important service part of safflower harvesting device, the number of the air outlets and external structure of air collecting hood are the main factors influencing the effect of the flower’s petals harvesting and collection. However, the design of pneumatic safflower harvest device is based on experience, resulting in long the design cycle, thus increasing the cost of design. Combined with the advantages of computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, and the internal flow field of safflower closed style cover flowers as the research object, this paper designed gas collecting hood structures with different number of outlets through the analysis of the airflow distribution and motion law. The result of numerical simulation of gas-collecting hood with trapezoidal cone shows higher air flow speed with no low velocity zone, and the distribution of flow field of safflower collected cover with trapezoid cone type is better than that of parabolic type structure. Based on result of simulation, improved the design of the external shape of flowers cover and designed trapezoid cone type to improve the internal airflow state, thus could achieve the goal of improving efficiency of picking and collecting and reduce energy consumption.

Experimental and numerical analyses were carried out to study the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of two slotted fin surfaces (X-type and Arc-type) in fin-and-tube heat exchangers. Experiments were conducted by using PIV and infrared thermal-vision systems. Good agreement was found between numerical and experimental data under the Reynolds number ranging from 558 to 2235. The results showed that the heat transfer performance of the X-type fin surface was superior to that of the Arc-type fin surface due to more reasonable strips arranging along the flow direction for periodical renewal of the flow and thermal boundary layers, although the Arc-type fin surface could improve the flow pattern and heat transfer characteristics in the weak recirculation zone behind the tube. However, the pressure drop of the X-type fin surface was higher than that of the Arc-type fin surface. A novel improved slotted fin surface (Butterfly-type) was proposed and proved to exhibit the best overall performance. The results of the performance evaluation for the three slotted fin surfaces revealed that the Butterfly-type slotted fin surface could: 1. increase heat duty by approximately 20–24% for FG (fixed geometry) and IPP (identical pumping power). 2. Reduce pumping power by approximately 38–51% for FG and IHD (identical heat duty). 3. Reduce heat exchange surface area by approximately 21–25% for IPP and IHD. Finally, analysis from the view point of the field synergy principle demonstrated that the improved Butterfly-type slotted fin surface could appreciably reduce the domain average synergy angle between the velocity and temperature gradient, and hence, improve the synergy between the two fields.

China has a large quantity of heavy oil reservoir and many steam flooding wells and steam soaking wells. At present, normal artificial lift forms cannot meet the requirements for both high temperature lift and efficient lift. The traditional vane pump is a positive displacement pump which features its good high-temperature resistant performance and stable flow characteristics. Based on these features, the new multiple-stage vane pump (MVP) was designed. In the MVP, the flow direction was changed to the axial direction for fitting the slim wellbore; two or three stages were assembled in series connection for increasing the pumping pressure. In the laboratory, the comprehensive experiment workbench was used to test the relationship between pumping pressure, flow rate and other hydraulic parameters. The results show that MVP has smaller operation torque, high volumetric efficiency and high system efficiency. The artificial lift system of MVP uses conventional drive head as the energy source and sucker rod to transfer the energy downwards. The transmission system is specially designed for the MVP system, which can be used for power transmission, sand control and steam injection. It can realize the functions for both production and steam injection, which means that the production tubing and MVP are not pulled out in steam injection periods. The vane pump had been deployed in eight wells, two of them with steam injection valve. Compared with the beam pumping unit with the similar liquid-producing capacity, the energy consumption for the vane pump is about 30 percent lower.

Rod-tubing wear and suck rod failure are two serious problems in many oil fields, which take 45% of the whole workover. Because of the problem, in some area, the average mean-time-between-failure is only 200 days. The workover costs lots of money, not including the loss of oil production. A rodless artificial lift system, electric submersible progressive cavity pump (ESPCP), was developed and had been successfully deployed. This paper focuses on the ESPCP technology and field application. The system included a progressive cavity pump driven by a downhole permanent magnet synchronous motor, which allowed adjusting the rotation speed between 50-500 rpm. a motor protector and a flexible shaft connecting the pump and the motor protector. More than 20 ESPCP systems has been deployed. The power of these motors was 9-15 kilowatts. The average pump setting depth was 1100 meters and the average production rate was 7-70 cubic meters per day. The application results showed that the average pump efficiency was 75.2% and the system could save more than 20% of the electricity power. In some area, the average time between workovers from 192 days of the traditional sucker rod pump to more than 400 days. The longest running life was more than 500 days. By using this technology, the production and workover cost could be greatly saved and increased production days can be increased accordingly. Moreover, the system was located at the bottom of oil well, so less site occupation, more safety and less noise pollution to the environment were achieved. The ESPCP system is of great of significance for some special wells such as directional well, highly-deviated well, it also can avoid the pollution in wetland and floodplain field.

The sub-linear expectation space is a nonlinear expectation space having advantages of modelling the uncertainty of probability and distribution. In the sub-linear expectation space, we use capacity and sub-linear expectation to replace probability and expectation of classical probability theory. In this paper, the method of selecting subsequence is used to prove Marcinkiewicz type strong law of large numbers under sub-linear expectation space. This result is a natural extension of the classical Marcinkiewicz's strong law of large numbers to the case where the expectation is nonadditive. In addition, this paper also gives a theorem about convergence of a random series., Comment: 13 pages, 10 reference