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Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng, 1993) Figs. 1���3 (Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa Wang & Zheng, 1993) = Alulatettix bulbosus Zheng & Zhong, 2001, syn. nov. = Exothotettix jiangxiensis Liang & Jia, 2008, syn. nov. [ Liang, Jia, Shi, Wu & Chen, 2008 in OSF ] = Tetrix glochinota Zhao, Niu & Zheng, 2010, syn. nov. = Tetrix gibbosa Zheng & Zha, 2011 = Alulatettix nigromarginalis Zhang, Deng & Zha, 2014, syn. nov. = Alulatettix flavotibialis Zhang, Deng & Zha, 2014, syn. nov. Material examined. Our specimens. 64 males and 83 females, and 7 nymphs (2 males and 5 females), PR. China: Anhui (Jinzhai, Huoshan, Yuexi, Shitai, Huangshan), May���August 2010 ���2021, coll. Wen-Jing Ding, Jian-Hua Ding, Xiao-Jie Zhang, Li-Bin Ma, and Ling-Sheng Zha (including the type specimens of Alulatettix nigromarginalis and Alulatettix flavotibialis). Two females, PR. China: Jiangxi (Lushan), 3 August 2021, coll. Wen-Jing Ding, Jian-Hua Ding and Ling-Sheng Zha. Depositions in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi���an, PR China. Syntypes of Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa: three females, Anhui (Huoshan), 31 August 1989; two females, Anhui (Jinzhai), 21 August 1989. Holotype and paratypes of Alulatettix bulbosus: one male and three females, Hubei (Luotian), 8���14 June 1999. Holotype and paratypes of Tetrix glochinota: three females, Henan (Tongbai), 17 July 2001. Holotype of Tetrix gibbosa: male, Anhui (Huangshan), 20 May 2010. Taxonomic placement. The species possesses the typical characteristics of the subfamily Tetriginae, including: 1) filiform antennae; 2) elongate medial carina of vertex (Lu & Zha, 2020); 3) medial ocellus is situated below the lower margin of eyes; 4) smooth body surface (without humps); 5) normal dorsal margins of fore and mid femora (without furrow); 6) lateral lobe of pronotum is close to the body. The species should be placed in the genus Tetrix, and the reasons include: 1) head is not at all elevated, and lateral carinae are nearly as tall as medial carina of vertex (differing from elevated head with higher lateral carinae in Ergatettix Kirby, Euparatettix Hancock, Bannatettix Zheng, Lamellitettigodes G��nther, and Paratettix Bol��var; Lu & Zha, 2020); 2) vertex is not at all contracted forwards (differing from extremely contracted in Teredorus Hancock); 3) in lateral view, frontal costa together with medial carina of vertex is moderately rounded (neither wholly arcuate in Coptotettix Bol��var and Hedotettix Bol��var, nor strongly projected forwards in Clinotettix Bey- Bienko); and 4) conspicuous tegminal sinus and ���normal��� flying organs (unlike shallow to absent tegminal sinus with ���abbreviated��� flying organs in Alulatettix Liang, Formosatettix Tinkham and their relatives, Zha et al., 2020; also see the discussion part at below). Typical characteristics. As a member of Tetrix, the species can be easily recognized by its lamellate and strongly elevated pronotum (strongly arcuate in lateral view). Our collecting practices indicate that the species possesses the pleomorphism of hind wings and the hind pronotal process. Most individuals are brachypterous, their hind processes do not reach the apices of the hind femora, and their hind wings only slightly surpass the middle of the hind processes; only few are macropterous, their hind pronotal processes surpass the apices of the hind femora, and their hind wings surpass the apices of the hind femora much more (Fig. 2). Other characters can also help to separate the species from other members of the genus, including: medial carina of vertex straight (in lateral view), elongate, as tall as lateral carinae but a little lower than the tops of eyes; vertex relatively flattened, 1.5���1.9 times as wide as one eyes; anterior margin nearly straight, reaching or slightly surpassing the anterior margin of eyes; in lateral view, frontal costa together with medial carina rounded, facial carinae above superior ocelli slightly concave; scutellum between grooves equal to or narrower than the diameter of scapus; superior ocelli situated at the middle of inner margins of eyes; antenna 15���16-segmented (males 15, females 15���16), inserted between the lower margin of eyes, the longest segments 5.5���6 times as long as wide; anterior margin of pronotum obtusely angled; ventral margin of mid femur weakly undulated; lower margin of hind pronotal process straight, internal lateral carina nearly straight, the area between them very narrow; the first segment of hind tarsus about 1.5 times as long as the third, the first and second pulvilli short with sharp tips, the third pulvillus long with obtuse tip; upper valvae of female ovipositor stubby, about 2.6 times (excluding the stipe) as long as wide; nymphs similar to brachypterous adults. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 7.3���11, female 10���14.5; length of pronotum: brachypterous male 6.5���8, macropterous male unknown, brachypterous female 7.5���9.5, macropterous female 10���12; length of hind femur: male 5���7, female 6���8; length of antennae: male 4���4.5, female 4.5���5. Taxonomic revision and synonyms. Due to the taxonomic confusions of both flying organs and brachypterous and macropterous morphs, the species have been described into some different species. These species were all recorded from the same or adjacent regions (Fig. 4). On the basis of: 1) the classification standard of flying organs of Tetrigidae (Zha et al., 2016, 2017, 2020), 2) the intraspecific variation relationship of brachypterous and macropterous morphs (Ding et al., 2021; Zha et al., 2021), and the evidences of morphology and geography, we give necessary taxonomic clarification for the species. The species was originally described as Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa with 15 females from Anhui (Huoshan, Jinzhai) and Hubei (Yingshan) (holotype: Huoshan; Wang & Zheng, 1993); then, Niu et al. (1994) described its male with 34 males from Henan (Xinyang). Zheng & Zhong (2001) described it as Alulatettix bulbosus, syn. nov. with one male and three females from Hubei (Luotian) (holotype: male). Liang et al. (2008) described it as Exothotettix jiangxiensis, syn. nov. with one male and one female from Jiangxi (Shangrao) (holotype: male). Zheng & Zha (2011) described it as Tetrix gibbosa with two males from Anhui (Huangshan). Zhang et al. (2014) described it as Alulatettix nigromarginalis, syn. nov. with three males and seven females from Anhui (Shitai, Huangshan) (holotype: female, Shitai), and Alulatettix flavotibialis, syn. nov. with 21 males and 37 females from Anhui (Yuexi, Jinzhai) (holotype: female, Yuexi). These are all brachypterous morph of the species and have consistent morphology. Recently we collected and observed its macropterous morph in Huangshan, Anhui. Individuals of the two morphs live in the same habitats; they are morphologically consistent, except for the different lengths of both hind wings and hind pronotal processes. Our macropterous collections match the characters of Tetrix glochinota, syn. nov., which was described with three females from Henan (Tongbai; Zhao et al., 2010). Based on the type specimens of Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa and Tetrix gibbosa and his collections from Anhui (Huoshan, Jinzhai), Hubei (Yingshan), and Henan (Xinxian), Deng (2016) confirmed that the two species are conspecific. The author suggested synonymizing Tetrix gibbosa with Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa (accepted by OSF), but he did not give convincing reason why the species should be placed in Tetrix (only based on presented but relatively small tegminal sinus, which is similarly presented in Alulatettix and Aalatettix). Following the Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), we formally accept Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng) as the species��� name, and synonymize all its duplications listed above. Biology and habits ( Fig. 3). Tetrix gibberosa live in humid and semi-humid subtropic forests (below 2000 m) with sandy soil and sparse shrubs, mainly the borders of streams. They feed on mosses and all sorts of humus. Macropterous individuals are sparse and often move among shrubs, while brachypterous ones are common and prefer to jump on the ground. The species may overwinter as adults, because the collections in May of each year are all adults. Under low temperatures, they bury themselves in sandy soil; when raining or at night, they commonly conceal their bodies in leaf litter or humus layer. Color and maculation vary with the environmental changes, and individuals in the humid environment are often covered with some mosses. They usually live with Formosatettix lushanensis Zheng & Yang, Tetrix japonica (Bol��var), Bolivaritettix circinihumerus Zheng, Bolivaritettix lativertex (Brunner von Wattenwyl), Teredorus spp. and etc.. Several milky nematodes had been found living within the body of its nymph, and this is the first report that nematodes can parasitize pygmy grasshoppers. Known distribution (Fig. 4). PR China (Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi) [or: the Dabieshan Mountains, the Lushan Mountains, the Huangshan Mountains, and their adjacent area]., Published as part of Ding, Wen-Jing, Ding, Jian-Hua, Zhang, Hai-Jun & Zha, Ling-Sheng, 2021, Taxonomical clarification of Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng), a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 278-285 in Zootaxa 5082 (3) on pages 279-282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5788275, {"references":["Wang, Y. W. & Zheng, Z. M. (1993) A new species of Tetrigoidea from Anhui, China. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 36 (4), 477 - 478. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. & Zhong, Y. L. (2001) The genus Alulatettix Liang from China (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Tetrigidae). Oriental Insects, 35 (1), 193 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2001.10417299","Liang, G. Q., Jia, F. L., Shi, L., Wu, J. H. & Chen, H. (2008) A new species of the genus Exothotettix (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Jiangxi Province and description to female of Exothotettix guangxiensis Zheng et Jiang. Entomotaxonomia, 30 (1), 7 - 10. [in Chinese]","Zhao, L., Niu, Y. & Zheng, Z. M. (2010) Two new species of the genus Tetrix (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Henan Province. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 29 (2), 197 - 199. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. & Zha, L. S. (2011) A primary record of Tetrigoidea from Huangshan, Anhui Province (Orthoptera). Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 39 (1), 60 - 61. [in Chinese]","Zhang, X. J., Deng, W. A. & Zha, L. S. (2014) Three new species of the genus Alulatettix Liang from China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Neotropical Entomology, 43 (3), 227 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13744 - 014 - 0201 - 5","Lu, Y. Z. & Zha, L. S. (2020) A new species of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from PR China, with taxonomic notes on the genus. Zootaxa, 4851 (2), 338 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4851.2.7","Zha, L. S., Wu, X. M. & Ding, J. H. (2020) Two new species of the genus Formosatettix Tinkham, 1937 (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) from Guizhou and Chongqing, PR China. ZooKeys, 936, 61 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 936.49552","Zha, L. S., Wen, T. C., Boonmee, S. & Eungwanichayapant, P. D. (2016) Notes on the genus Yunnantettix Zheng (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4205 (4), 373 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4205.4.6","Zha, L. S., Yu, F. M., Boonmee, S., Eungwanichayapant, P. D. & Wen, T. C. (2017) Taxonomy of Macromotettixoides with the description of a new species (Tetrigidae, Metrodorinae). ZooKeys, 645, 13 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 645.9055","Ding, J. H., Wang, M., Wu, X. M. & Zha, L. S. (2021) Pygmy grasshoppers in Xinjiang, China: Species diversity and new synonyms (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Entomotaxonomia, 43 (3), 168 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.11680 / entomotax. 2021029","Zha, L. S., Skejo, J., Mao, B. Y. & Ding, J. H. (2021) Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Zootaxa, 4965 (3), 501 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4965.3.5","Niu, Y., Yang, X. F. & Chen, G. W. (1994) Description of male Formosatettix henanensis Liang and male Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa Wang & Zheng. The Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan, 1, 13 - 15. [in Chinese]","Deng, W. A. (2016) Taxonomic study of Tetrigoidea from China. Doctoral Dissertation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 339 pp. [in Chinese]"]}

Genus Phaesticus Uvarov, 1940 (Phaestus Bol��var, 1887; Lamprauges Blackith, 1992) = Flatocerus Liang & Zheng, 1984 syn. nov. Type species: Phaesticus mellerborgi (St��l, 1855) Redescription of generic characteristics General appearance. Body size small, surface smooth and without humps or wrinkles. Head. Vertex and occiput clearly separated by a ridge (posterior margin of fossulae); vertex extremely shortened, sloping forwards, only restricted between anterior and posterior margins of fossulae; anterior margin narrowest, only reaching the middle of the inner margins of eyes in dorsal view; medial carina and frontal costa not quite developed (P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus) or indistinct (P. hainanensis comb. nov.), lateral carinae indistinct, medial carina extending to occiput; in lateral view, face obtusely angled forwards, facial carinae between antennal grooves strongly arcuate to obtusely angled, vertex and the upper part of face (above antennal sockets) nearly at the same slope (P. hainanensis comb. nov.) or form a broadly obtuse angle (P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus); longitudinal furrow deep, equal to or narrower than the diameter of an antennal scapus. Antennae inserted slightly below the lower margin of eyes (upper margin of antennal sockets and lower margin of eyes nearly at the same level), 13-segmented (or 14- segmented, because the 3 rd segment is usually separated into two short segments), the 11 th and parts of its adjacent segments generally milky white to yellow; subapical segments (generally from 7 th (8 th) to 10 th) considerably broadened and flattened, ovate (P. mellerborgi) or long elliptical (P. moniliantennatus and P. hainanensis comb. nov.). Eyes approximately as high as the top of vertex and not higher than the anterior margin of pronotum, in frontal view with nearly straight inner margins which are slightly contracted upwards. Superior ocelli situated at lower 1/3���1/4 of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Anterior margin projected more or less forwards, broadly arcuate or obtusely angled in dorsal view; median carina distinct and entire, humeral angles broadly arcuate; posterior angel of lateral lobe extending obliquely, downwards and backwards, apex truncated; ventral sinus and tegminal sinus present. Wings. Fore and hind wings normal (Zha et al., 2016, 2020); hind wings elongated or shortened within the same species, varying with the length of hind pronotal process (detailed in discussion). Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight or nearly straight; the first segment of hind tarsus approximately as long as the third, apices of three pulvilli obtuse. Justification of taxonomic placement Phaesticus can easily be separated from other genera of the family Tetrigidae by the following characteristics: obtusely angled face in lateral view, extremely short vertex sloping forwards, indistinct lateral carinae of vertex, 13-segmented (not considering the separation of the 3 rd segment) antennae with considerably broadened subapical segments, smooth body surface without humps or wrinkles, developed fore and hind wings, directing downwards lateral pronotal lobes with truncated apices, and the first segment of hind tarsus approximately as long as the third. These typical characteristics are somewhat more similar to Metrodorinae and Tetriginae than to the other five subfamilies in Tetrigidae. Skejo (2017) commented its taxonomic placement in detail and speculated that it might belong to Metrodorinae or Tetriginae. We think it might be an independent branch close to Metrodorinae and Tetriginae. Future molecular phylogenetic evidences are needed to confirm its taxonomic placement. Key to the species of the genus Phaesticus Uvarov, 1940 Fig. 1 1. Subapical antennal segments from eighth to tenth strongly broadened, ovate, and the widest segment about 1.7���2.4 times as long as it is wide. Distributed in Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Singapore, West Malaysia, Thailand, India (Assam, Mizoram), PR China (Yunnan)................................................................. P. mellerborgi (St��l, 1855) -. Subapical antennal segments from seventh to tenth moderately broadened, long elliptical, and the widest segment is about 3.6���4 times as long as wide.................................................................................. 2 2. Vertex wide, 1.5 times as wide as one eye; pronotum roof-like in front of the shoulders while slightly roof-like behind the shoulders, anterior margin broadly arcuate from dorsal view. Distributed in PR China (Hainan)........................................................................................... P. hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. -. Vertex narrow, 0.9���1.3 times as wide as one eye; pronotum lamellate, anterior margin obtusely angled from dorsal view. Distributed in northern Vietnam, PR China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Fujian, Hunan).................................................................................................... P. moniliantennatus (G��nther, 1940), Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 502-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Uvarov, B. P. (1940) Twenty-four new generic names in Orthoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 6 (31), 112 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745481.1940.9723661","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313.","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta: Orthoptera) of South-East Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. Ashford Co., Ireland: JAPAGA, Rockbottom, 248 pp.","Liang, G. Q. & Zheng, Z. M. (1984) A new genus and a new species of Tetrigidae from Guangdong Province (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 27 (4), 430 - 432. [in Chinese]","Stal, C. (1855) Nya Orthoptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 12, 348 - 353.","Zha, L. S., Wen, T. C., Boonmee, S. & Eungwanichayapant, P. D. (2016) Notes on the genus Yunnantettix Zheng (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4205 (4), 373 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4205.4.6","Skejo, J. (2017) Taxonomic revision of the pygmy devils (Tetrigidae: Discotettiginae) with online social media as a new tool for discovering hidden diversity. Master Dissertation, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 235 pp.","Liang, G. Q. (1988) A new species of the genus Flatocerus from Hainan Island (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 13 (1), 65 - 66. [in Chinese]","Gunther, K. (1940) Die von J. Klapperich, Bonn, in Fokien (Sudostchina) gesammelten Dornschrecken (Orth., Acrididae, Acrydiinae). Decheniana A, 98 (2), 249 - 254."]}

Phaesticus mellerborgi (St��l, 1855) Figs. 2, 3 (Tettix mellerborgi St��l, 1855; Phaestus mellerborgi (St��l, 1855); Lamprauges mellerborgi (St��l, 1855)) = Phaesticus insularis (Hancock, 1907) syn. nov. (Phaestus insularis Hancock, 1907; Lamprauges insularis (Hancock, 1907)) = Phaesticus sumatrensis (Willemse, 1928; synonymized by G��nther (1938)) (Phaestus sumatrensis Willemse, 1928) = Phaesticus carinatus Zheng, 1998 syn. nov. = Phaesticus azemii Mahmood, Idris & Salmah, 2007 syn. nov. = Flatocerus brachynotus Liang, Chen & Chen, 2008 syn. nov. = Phaesticus uvarovi Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015 syn. nov. Material examined. One male (the brachypterous form, Fig. 3), Yunnan, Yingjiang (Jiemao), 1200 m, 31 July 2015, coll. Ji-Shan Xu; three females (the brachypterous form, Fig. 3), PR China: Yunnan, Ruili, 23��55���N, 97��33���E, 791 m, 1 October 2019, coll. Miao Li; one female (the macropterous form), PR China: Yunnan, L��chun (Pinghe) (type locality of F. brachynotus, Fig. 2), 26 July 2006, coll. Ji-Shan Xu. Notes. Liang et al. (2008) introduced F. brachynotus based on many specimens from Yunnan, PR China (seven males and nine females from L��chun, one female from Puer). The species was described with the following characters: hind pronotal process varies from not reaching knees (some females) to nearly reaching apices of hind femora (males and some females); hind wings vary from not reaching (most females) to slightly surpassing apex of hind process (males and few females). Our collections from Yunnan exactly match the characters of F. brachynotus. Based on the original description and examined specimens, F. brachynotus could roughly be classified into two types: the macropterous form (Fig. 2) and the brachypterous form (Fig. 3). The latter differs from the former mainly by: 1) clearly shortened hind pronotal process and hind wings; and 2) relatively short antennae (5���5.5 mm, shorter than 6.5���7.3 mm of the macropterous form). Flatocerus brachynotus was described from many specimens and differences between its macropterous and brachypterous forms are distinct. The epithet ��� brachynotus ��� explains the shortened pronotum of the brachypterous form. Taking these facts into account and the same locality of the collection (Yunnan), in order not to create taxonomic confusion, we accept the view of Liang et al. (2008) who treated the macropterous and brachypterous forms as a single species. Phaesticus mellerborgi, P. carinatus, F. brachynotus, and P. uvarovi are morphologically very similar; their morphological differences include: 1) vertex slightly narrower, equal to, or slightly wider than eye (0.9���1.1 times, in females generally slightly wider than in males); 2) prozonal carinae and interhumeral carinae invisible, barely visible, or visible; 3) hind pronotal process elongated or shortened (varies from nearly reaching knees of hind femora to reaching the middle of hind tibiae, and in males generally longer than in females); 4) hind wings accordingly longer or shorter than the elongated or shortened hind process, respectively (reaching before or after the apex of hind pronotal process, respectively, and in males generally longer than in females); and 5) ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight or weakly undulated. In contrast, differences among these allied species are mainly related to the lengths of both hind pronotal process and hind wings (Table 1). Geographically, P. mellerborgi, P. carinatus, and F. brachynotus have one shared locality (Yunnan, PR China), and P. uvarovi was recorded in Thailand, which is close to Yunnan. For these reasons, we combine these allied species into one species. Phaesticus azemii was described only based on one male specimen from West Malaysia (Selangor), and the authors also recorded P. insularis at the same locality (Mahmood et al., 2007). According to the original description and drawing, the type specimen of P. azemii is actually a nymph. Skejo (2017) clarified that the records from West Malaysia are all P. mellerborgi, and he considered P. azemii as a synonym of P. mellerborgi; this suggestion was followed in the present study. In his report, the author determined all other records of P. insularis (Java, Sumatra and Malay Peninsula up to south of Thailand) as P. mellerborgi. Phaesticus insularis is very similar to P. mellerborgi, as well. Hancock (1907) introduced the species to separate it from P. mellerborgi only by its more compressed antennae and narrower longitudinal furrow of the facial frontal costa, based on three females from northwestern Kalimantan (= Borneo), and Cigliano et al. (2021) provided online pictures of the specimens (syntypes). For comparison, the two morphological differences are both present within individuals of P. mellerborgi (e.g., Figs. 2 and 3), so it is not logical to separate them into two different species. To avoid unnecessary taxonomic confusion, we synonymized P. insularis with P. mellerborgi. Geographically, P. mellerborgi should have a wide distribution in Kalimantan (Fig. 1); for example, G��nther (1938) also recorded this species in the central part of the island. Distribution (Fig. 1). Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Singapore, West Malaysia, Thailand, India (Assam, Mizoram), and PR China (Yunnan) (Skejo, 2017; the present study). Skejo (2017) summarized some information of Phaesticus (nymphs) from India (Assam, Mizoram). These nymphs are similar to P. mellerborgi (= P. azemii syn. nov.; Mahmood et al., 2007) and P. moniliantennatus (Fig. 4, h). We tentatively identified them as the former., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 504-505, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Stal, C. (1855) Nya Orthoptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 12, 348 - 353.","Hancock, J. L. (1907) Orthoptera, Fam. Acridiidae, Subfam. Tetriginae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, 48, pp. 1 - 79.","Willemse, C. (1928) Spolia Mentawiensia: Acrididae (Orthoptera). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6 (1), 1 - 12.","Gunther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae, I, Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Cleostratae, Bufonidae, Cladonotae, Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23 (2), 299 - 437.","Zheng, Z. M. (1998) A study of Tetrigoidea from Xishuangbanna (Orthoptera). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 23 (2), 161 - 180. [in Chinese]","Liang, G. Q., Chen, Y. Q. & Chen, Y. L. (2008) A new species of the genus Flatocerus (Orthoptera: Discotettigidae) from Yunnan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 33 (1), 138 - 140. [in Chinese]","Storozhenko, S. Yu. & Dawwrueng, P. (2015) New and little-known pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4052 (5), 527 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4052.5.2","Mahmood, K., Idris, A. B. & Salmah. Y. (2007) Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) from Malaysia with the description of six new species, Acta Entomologica Sinica, 50 (12), 1272 - 1284.","Skejo, J. (2017) Taxonomic revision of the pygmy devils (Tetrigidae: Discotettiginae) with online social media as a new tool for discovering hidden diversity. Master Dissertation, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 235 pp.","Cigliano, M. M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C. & Otte, D. (2021) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 10 January 2021)"]}

Phaesticus hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. Fig. 5 (Flatocerus hainanensis Liang, 1988) Nomenclatural comment. Orthoptera species file (Cigliano et al. 2021) cites ���Liang & Zheng��� as the authors of the species. However, only Liang authored the description of P. hainanensis comb. nov. (Liang, 1988). Material examined. Two males and two females, PR China: Hainan, Wuzhishan (Wuzhishan Mountain), 18��52���32.3������N, 109��40���3.6������E, 640 m, 16 September 2018, collected by Ling-Sheng Zha. Description. Male. General appearance. Body slender and tapered, size small, brown to dark brown, surface smooth, but covered with numerous fine granules. Antennae dark brown, but the basal part of the 7 th and most part of the 10 th and 11 th segments yellow; hind wings black; surfaces of pronotum (especially between sulci) and all femora often maculated with yellowish brown and obscure spots; ventral external area of hind femur black, spots on tibiae inconspicuous. Head. Vertex and occiput clearly separated by a ridge (posterior margin of fossulae). Vertex extremely short, only restricted between anterior and posterior margins of fossulae which are shallow but conspicuous; anterior margin low and narrowest, nearly straight, 1.5 times as wide as one eye, and reaching the middle of inner margins of eyes in dorsal view; medial carina extending to the occiput but very indistinct, lateral carinae also indistinct. In lateral view, face obtusely angled forwards, vertex and upper part of the face (above antennal sockets) nearly at the same slope (in P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus, medial carina and frontal costa distinct and forming an obtuse angle); frontal costa indistinct, facial carinae between antennal grooves strongly arcuate forwards. In frontal view, facial carinae diverge above lateral ocelli (at the middle of the inner margins of eyes), then parallel downwards; longitudinal furrow deep, nearly as wide as the diameter of antennal scapus. Antennae inserted slightly below lower margin of the eyes (upper margin of antennal sockets and the lower margin of eyes nearly at the same level), 13-segmented (or 14-segmented, because the 3 rd segment is usually separated into two short segments), 9 th segment widest and about 3.7 times as long as it is wide; segments from 3 rd to 6 th gradually slightly broadened and flattened, from 7 th to 10 th (long and elliptical) considerably broadened and flattened, the 11 th slightly flattened, and the last two very short and not flattened. Eyes exserted, almost as high as the top of vertex and the anterior margin of pronotum, in lateral view globose, in dorsal view with angled inner margins; in frontal view ovate, with nearly straight inner margins that are a little contracted upwards. Superior ocelli situated at the lower quarter of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Pronotum clearly roof-like before shoulders, and less roof-like behind shoulders; anterior margin broadly arcuate forwards from dorsal view, behind shoulders slightly depressed on both sides of median carina; median carina distinct, erect, and entire, in lateral view low arcuate before shoulders and straight behind shoulders. Prozonal carinae visible, short, and strongly contracted backwards; humeral angles broadly arcuate; hind process tapered, reaches variably from base to 2/3 of hind tibiae, apex truncated; posterior angel of lateral lobe extending obliquely, downwards, and backwards, apex truncated; ventral and tegminal sinuses presented. Wings. Visible part of tegmen long, ovate, and distinctly narrower than mid femur; hind wings very developed, more or less surpassing the apex of hind pronotal process (1���1.8 mm). Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight and finely serrated; hind femur approximately 2.7 times as long as it is wide, dorsal and ventral margins finely serrated, and serrations on the posterior part of dorsal margin conspicuous; antegenicular tooth relatively low and apex acutely angled, genicular tooth acute; outer/ inner side of hind tibia with 6/6���8 spines; first segment of hind tarsus slightly shorter than the third; three pulvilli nearly equal in length and with obtuse apices. Abdomen. Subgenital plate short cone-shaped, apex bifurcate and forms two short and tapered teeth. Females and the differences from males. Body size slightly larger than that of male. Hind pronotal process shortened, only reaches the apices of hind femora; hind wings slightly surpass the apex of hind process (about 0.5 mm). Ovipositor long and narrow, about four times as long as it is wide, dorsal margin of upper valve and ventral margin of lower valve armed with saw-like teeth. Posterior margin of subgenital plate nearly truncated, with an acutely triangular protrusion in the middle, which is slightly folded inwards. Other characters same as those in male. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 8.7���10.0, female 11.0���12.0; length of pronotum: male 9.9���12.0, female 9.0���10.0; length of hind femur: male 5.4���5.9, female 5.6���6.0; width of pronotum between humeral angles: male 3.0���3.1, female 3.1���3.2; length of antennae: male and female 6 mm. Distribution (Fig. 1). PR China (Hainan). Ecology and habits. Individuals of P. hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. were collected and observed in a bamboo forest (Fig. 6 c, d) and on the edge of roads in humid tropical rainforests. They dwell on layers of fallen leaves or among sparse shrubs, and are able to quickly jump into dense shrubs when disturbed. They mainly feed on humus. Notes. Phaesticus hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. was described only based on one female specimen from Hainan (Liang, 1988; Liang & Zheng, 1998). We redescribed the species because 1) lengths of hind pronotal process and hind wings vary among individuals, and 2) some important characters were previously inaccurately described. According to the original description and our specimens, anterior margin of its pronotum is ���broadly arcuate���, which was imprecisely recorded as ���nearly straight��� in some Flatocerus species keys (Liang et al., 2008; Zheng et al., 2011a, b; Deng, 2016). Besides, the antennae of Phaesticus are all 13-segmented (or 14-segmented due to the third segment being separated into two short segments), instead of 12-segmented, which was commonly recorded in generic characteristics and related species descriptions (Liang & Zheng, 1984, 1998; Liang, 1988; Zheng, 2005; Deng, 2016)., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 509-511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Liang, G. Q. (1988) A new species of the genus Flatocerus from Hainan Island (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 13 (1), 65 - 66. [in Chinese]","Cigliano, M. M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C. & Otte, D. (2021) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 10 January 2021)","Liang, G. Q & Zheng, Z. M. (1998) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 12, Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea. Science Press, Beijing, 278 pp.","Liang, G. Q., Chen, Y. Q. & Chen, Y. L. (2008) A new species of the genus Flatocerus (Orthoptera: Discotettigidae) from Yunnan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 33 (1), 138 - 140. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M., Bai, Y. & Xu, S. Q. (2011 a) A new species of the genus Flatocerus Liang et Zheng from Guangdong in China (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea, Discotettigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 36 (3), 536 - 538.","Deng, W. A. (2016) Taxonomic study of Tetrigoidea from China. Doctor Dissertation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 339 pp.","Liang, G. Q. & Zheng, Z. M. (1984) A new genus and a new species of Tetrigidae from Guangdong Province (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 27 (4), 430 - 432. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. (2005) Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Western China. Science Press, Beijing, 501 pp. [in Chinese]"]}

Phaesticus hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. Fig. 5 (Flatocerus hainanensis Liang, 1988) Nomenclatural comment. Orthoptera species file (Cigliano et al. 2021) cites ‘Liang & Zheng’ as the authors of the species. However, only Liang authored the description of P. hainanensis comb. nov. (Liang, 1988). Material examined. Two males and two females, PR China: Hainan, Wuzhishan (Wuzhishan Mountain), 18°52′32.3′′N, 109°40′3.6′′E, 640 m, 16 September 2018, collected by Ling-Sheng Zha. Description. Male. General appearance. Body slender and tapered, size small, brown to dark brown, surface smooth, but covered with numerous fine granules. Antennae dark brown, but the basal part of the 7 th and most part of the 10 th and 11 th segments yellow; hind wings black; surfaces of pronotum (especially between sulci) and all femora often maculated with yellowish brown and obscure spots; ventral external area of hind femur black, spots on tibiae inconspicuous. Head. Vertex and occiput clearly separated by a ridge (posterior margin of fossulae). Vertex extremely short, only restricted between anterior and posterior margins of fossulae which are shallow but conspicuous; anterior margin low and narrowest, nearly straight, 1.5 times as wide as one eye, and reaching the middle of inner margins of eyes in dorsal view; medial carina extending to the occiput but very indistinct, lateral carinae also indistinct. In lateral view, face obtusely angled forwards, vertex and upper part of the face (above antennal sockets) nearly at the same slope (in P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus, medial carina and frontal costa distinct and forming an obtuse angle); frontal costa indistinct, facial carinae between antennal grooves strongly arcuate forwards. In frontal view, facial carinae diverge above lateral ocelli (at the middle of the inner margins of eyes), then parallel downwards; longitudinal furrow deep, nearly as wide as the diameter of antennal scapus. Antennae inserted slightly below lower margin of the eyes (upper margin of antennal sockets and the lower margin of eyes nearly at the same level), 13-segmented (or 14-segmented, because the 3 rd segment is usually separated into two short segments), 9 th segment widest and about 3.7 times as long as it is wide; segments from 3 rd to 6 th gradually slightly broadened and flattened, from 7 th to 10 th (long and elliptical) considerably broadened and flattened, the 11 th slightly flattened, and the last two very short and not flattened. Eyes exserted, almost as high as the top of vertex and the anterior margin of pronotum, in lateral view globose, in dorsal view with angled inner margins; in frontal view ovate, with nearly straight inner margins that are a little contracted upwards. Superior ocelli situated at the lower quarter of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Pronotum clearly roof-like before shoulders, and less roof-like behind shoulders; anterior margin broadly arcuate forwards from dorsal view, behind shoulders slightly depressed on both sides of median carina; median carina distinct, erect, and entire, in lateral view low arcuate before shoulders and straight behind shoulders. Prozonal carinae visible, short, and strongly contracted backwards; humeral angles broadly arcuate; hind process tapered, reaches variably from base to 2/3 of hind tibiae, apex truncated; posterior angel of lateral lobe extending obliquely, downwards, and backwards, apex truncated; ventral and tegminal sinuses presented. Wings. Visible part of tegmen long, ovate, and distinctly narrower than mid femur; hind wings very developed, more or less surpassing the apex of hind pronotal process (1–1.8 mm). Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight and finely serrated; hind femur approximately 2.7 times as long as it is wide, dorsal and ventral margins finely serrated, and serrations on the posterior part of dorsal margin conspicuous; antegenicular tooth relatively low and apex acutely angled, genicular tooth acute; outer/ inner side of hind tibia with 6/6–8 spines; first segment of hind tarsus slightly shorter than the third; three pulvilli nearly equal in length and with obtuse apices. Abdomen. Subgenital plate short cone-shaped, apex bifurcate and forms two short and tapered teeth. Females and the differences from males. Body size slightly larger than that of male. Hind pronotal process shortened, only reaches the apices of hind femora; hind wings slightly surpass the apex of hind process (about 0.5 mm). Ovipositor long and narrow, about four times as long as it is wide, dorsal margin of upper valve and ventral margin of lower valve armed with saw-like teeth. Posterior margin of subgenital plate nearly truncated, with an acutely triangular protrusion in the middle, which is slightly folded inwards. Other characters same as those in male. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 8.7–10.0, female 11.0–12.0; length of pronotum: male 9.9–12.0, female 9.0–10.0; length of hind femur: male 5.4–5.9, female 5.6–6.0; width of pronotum between humeral angles: male 3.0–3.1, female 3.1–3.2; length of antennae: male and female 6 mm. Distribution (Fig. 1). PR China (Hainan). Ecology and habits. Individuals of P. hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. were collected and observed in a bamboo forest (Fig. 6 c, d) and on the edge of roads in humid tropical rainforests. They dwell on layers of fallen leaves or among sparse shrubs, and are able to quickly jump into dense shrubs when disturbed. They mainly feed on humus. Notes. Phaesticus hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. was described only based on one female specimen from Hainan (Liang, 1988; Liang & Zheng, 1998). We redescribed the species because 1) lengths of hind pronotal process and hind wings vary among individuals, and 2) some important characters were previously inaccurately described. According to the original description and our specimens, anterior margin of its pronotum is ‘broadly arcuate’, which was imprecisely recorded as ‘nearly straight’ in some Flatocerus species keys (Liang et al., 2008; Zheng et al., 2011a, b; Deng, 2016). Besides, the antennae of Phaesticus are all 13-segmented (or 14-segmented due to the third segment being separated into two short segments), instead of 12-segmented, which was commonly recorded in generic characteristics and related species descriptions (Liang & Zheng, 1984, 1998; Liang, 1988; Zheng, 2005; Deng, 2016).

Phaesticus moniliantennatus (G��nther, 1940) Fig. 4 (Phaestus moniliantennatus G��nther, 1940; Lamprauges moniliantennatus (G��nther, 1940)) = Flatocerus nankunshanensis Liang & Zheng, 1984 syn. nov. = Flatocerus wuyishanensis Zheng, 1991 syn. nov. = Flatocerus chishuiensis Zheng & Shi, 2006 = Flatocerus nigritibialis Zheng, Bai & Xu, 2011a = Flatocerus nigrifemura Zheng, Zhang & Zeng, 2011b = Flatocerus guizhouensis Wang, 1992 syn. nov. = Flatocerus daqingshanensis Zheng & Jiang, 1998 syn. nov. = Flatocerus dentifemura Zheng, 2003 syn. nov. Material examined. Two males and two females, PR China: Guizhou, Jiangkou (Fanjingshan Mountains, Fig. 6, a), 27��52���20.8������N, 108��47���5.5������E, 300 m, 30 July 2016, coll. Ling-Sheng Zha. Two junior nymphs (one male and one female), PR China: Hunan, Dongkou (Xuefengshan Mountains, Fig. 6, b), 27��33���N, 110��39���E, 800���900 m, 12 September 2016, coll. Ling-Sheng Zha. Notes. Phaesticus moniliantennatus was originally described from Fujian, PR China (G��nther, 1940). Podgornaya (1991) recorded the species from northern Vietnam. The species is similar to F. daqingshanensis from Guangxi (Jiang & Zheng, 1998), F. dentifemura from Guangxi (Zheng, 2003), F. guizhouensis from Guizhou (Wang, 1992), F. nankunshanensis from Guangdong and Guangxi (Zheng, 2005), and F. wuyishanensis (= F. chishuiensis, = F. nigrifemura, = F. nigritibialis) from Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Fujian, and Hunan (Ding et al., 2017). Their main differences from these allied species are: 1) width of vertex (generally 0.9���1.3 time as wide as one eye, and generally in females slightly wider than in males); 2) prozonal carinae and interhumeral carinae (invisible, barely visible, or visible; inconspicuous); 3) hind pronotal process (varies from nearly reaching the apices of hind femora to surpassing the middle of hind tibiae, in males generally longer than in females); and 4) hind wings (similar to hind process, vary from nearly reaching to slightly surpassing the apex of hind process, in males generally longer than in females). However, all these differences are minor, which is why it is not logical to separate them into different species. Geographically, they were all reported from adjacent regions (northern Vietnam, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Fujian, Hunan). Ding et al. (2017) described the specimens from Guizhou as F. wuyishanensis, and synonymized F. chishuiensis, F. nigrifemura, and F. nigritibialis with F. wuyishanenis; Skejo (2017) identified these specimens as P. moniliantennatus, and considered F. dentifemura, F. nankunshanensis, F. nigrifemura, and F. nigritibialis as synonyms of P. moniliantennatus. For these reasons, we combined these allied species into one species. Distribution (Fig. 1). Northern Vietnam, PR China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Fujian, Hunan)., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 507-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Gunther, K. (1940) Die von J. Klapperich, Bonn, in Fokien (Sudostchina) gesammelten Dornschrecken (Orth., Acrididae, Acrydiinae). Decheniana A, 98 (2), 249 - 254.","Liang, G. Q. & Zheng, Z. M. (1984) A new genus and a new species of Tetrigidae from Guangdong Province (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 27 (4), 430 - 432. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. (1991) A new species of the genus Flatocerus Liang and Zheng from Fujian Province (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Wuyi Science Journal, 8, 1 - 2. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. & Shi, F. M. (2006) Discotettigidae, Cladonotidae, Scelimenidae, Metrodoridae and Tetrigidae. In: Jin, D. C. & Li, Z. Z. (Eds.), Insects from Chishui Spinulose Tree Fern Landscape. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang, pp. 79 - 92. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M., Bai, Y. & Xu, S. Q. (2011 a) A new species of the genus Flatocerus Liang et Zheng from Guangdong in China (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea, Discotettigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 36 (3), 536 - 538.","Zheng, Z. M., Zhang, H. L. & Zeng, H. H. (2011 b) The genus Flatocerus Liang and Zheng (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with description of a new species from China. Oriental Insects, 45, 80 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2011.590630","Wang, Y. Z. (1992) A new genus and two new species of grasshoppers from Wuling Mountain, China (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Tetrigidae). Zoological Research, 13 (3), 251 - 255. [in Chinese]","Jiang, G. F. & Zheng, Z. M. (1998) Grasshoppers and locusts from Guangxi. Guangxi Normal University Press, Guilin, 390 pp. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. (2003) Six new species of Tetrigoidea from Dayaoshan area of Guangxi (Orthoptera). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 28 (1), 88 - 94. [in Chinese]","Podgornaya, L. I. (1991) Tetrigidae of North Vietnam: subfamilies Tripetalocerinae, Discotettiginae and Batrachideinae (Orthoptera). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 240, 20 - 24. [in Russia]","Zheng, Z. M. (2005) Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Western China. Science Press, Beijing, 501 pp. [in Chinese]","Ding, J. H., Wen, T. C., Wu, X. M., Boonmee, S., Eungwanichayapant, P. D. & Zha, L. S. (2017) Species diversity of Tetrigidae (Orthoptera) in Guizhou, China with description of two new species. Journal of Natural History, 51 (13 - 14), 741 - 760. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2017.1293749","Skejo, J. (2017) Taxonomic revision of the pygmy devils (Tetrigidae: Discotettiginae) with online social media as a new tool for discovering hidden diversity. Master Dissertation, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 235 pp."]}

Lamellitettigodes diversifemoris Lu & Zha sp. n. Figs. 1-2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C4D1F7B9-00B2-4979-B45E-F271A2F860AB Material examined. Holotype���female, PR China: Hainan Province /Island, Ledong County, Jianfengling National Forest Park, 18��44���10.07������N, 108��52���6.86������E, 830 m, 12 September 2018, coll. Yongzhong Lu and Lingsheng Zha. Paratypes: 2 males and 2 females, 750-850 m, 11-13 September 2018, other data same as holotype. Description. Female. General appearance. Body slender (relatively bulky for Lamellitettigodes) and size moderate, surface relatively smooth, but with numerous fine granules. Body grayish brown to dark brown, generally maculated with many yellowish brown spots; antennae brown and color of terminal segments darker; pronotum behind shoulders generally has a pair of large, black and conspicuous spots; hind wings grayish brown; spots on fore and mid femora indistinct, hind femur often has a very large yellowish brown spot, fore and mid tibiae have three yellowish brown rings each, hind tibia mainly brown and the rings indistinct. Head. Vertex slightly lower than anterior margin of pronotum, gradually and slightly narrowing forwards, equal to one eye in width; anterior margin straight, finely serrated, slightly surpasses the level of anterior margin of eyes, anterior part a little higher than posterior part; lateral carinae conspicuous, horn-like upwards and a little higher than the top of eyes, in dorsal view and in frontal view are both L-shape; medial carina clear, erect and straight, nearly extends to occiput, much lower than lateral carinae; fossulae deep and elongate, nearly extends to the end of medial carina. In lateral view face slightly oblique; medial carina together with frontal costa nearly right angled which is clearly visible before eyes; fascial carinae nearly straight above superior ocelli and then broadly and weakly arcuate forwards between antennal grooves, margin of fascial carinae slightly finely serrated. In frontal view, bifurcation of frontal costa located at the middle of between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli; superior ocelli small, distance between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli two times as long as one superior ocellus; longitudinal furrow deep and narrow, long triangular, between grooves 0.8 time as wide as the diameter of scapus. Antenna filiform and thin, 16-segmented, inserted between the lower margin of eyes, the 9 th segment longest and about 9 times as long as wide, terminal two segments very short (15-segmented and the 8 th segment longest in males). Eyes globose, slightly higher than the anterior margin of pronotum, elevated indistinctly; superior ocelli placed at the middle of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Pronotum compressed in the anterior part (before the end of tegmina), while the posterior part stands on nearly the same level. Anterior margin obtusely angled forwards, between shoulders slightly uplifted while behind shoulders a little concave. Prozonal carinae erect, low, slightly shortened and slightly contracted backwards, extralateral carinae straight and lower, both nearly but not reach anterior sulcus; median carina conspicuous, erect and entire, lamellate before the end of tegmina and then gradually lowering backwards; humero-apical carina and lateral carina slightly erect and with finely serrated margins. In lateral view, upper margin before the end of tegmina wholly arcuate, highest at the level of posterior sulcus, the posterior part nearly straight. Humeral angles obtusely angled; hind process elongate and wedged, reaches about the middle of hind tibiae, apex nearly truncated. Posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum extending obliquely, backwards and downwards, anterior margin finely serrated, apex rounded and a little folded outward; ventral sinus and tegminal sinus conspicuous, both nearly right angled. Wings. Visible part of tegmen long and oval, slightly wider than mid femur, apex rounded; hind wing extremely developed, surpasses hind pronotal process about 2.5 mm. Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of all femora finely serrated, dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora nearly straight (a little undulated which are all indistinct), ventral margins of fore and mid femora have sparse white hairs; mid femur compressed indistinct, basal part a little wider than terminal part; hind femur 3 times as long as wide, ventral margin entire, dorsal margin before antegenicular tooth has a small tooth which is very indistinct, antegenicular tooth and genicular tooth a little sharp. Hind tibia has finely serrated inner margins, terminal part slightly wider than basal part, outer/inner side has 5-8 spines; the first segment of hind tarsus 1.3 times longer than the third, the third pulvillus longest while the first shortest, all apices sharp. Abdomen. Ovipositor: upper valva wide and short, about 2.4 times as long as wide (not including the length of the stipe, same as below), widest at the basal one-third; outer margins of upper and lower valvae has small, obtuse and saw-like teeth. Subgenital plate: its width slightly longer its length, medial carina entire, posterior margin truncated and, in the middle, has an acutely triangular protrusion. Male. Slightly thinner and smaller than female. Mid femur clearly wider than the visible part of tegmen, and basal part wider and thicker than terminal part. Subgenital plate short cone-shape, apex obliquely truncated and bifurcate. Other characters same as female. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 6.7-6.8, female 9-9.5; length of pronotum: male 9.5-9.8, female 9.8-10.2; length of hind femur: male 4.8-5, female 5-5.4; length of antenna: male 3.8-4, female 4.2-4.5. Distribution. PR China (Hainan Province). Diagnosis. Lamellitettigodes diversifemoris sp. n. is similar to L. cultratus (Bol��var, 1898) from New Guinea, Biak, and the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland) (Tumbrinck, 2019), but the latter: antennae much shorter, only 1.3 times as long as fore femur; prozonal carinae strongly contracted backwards; and hind pronotal process much longer, surpasses apices of hind tibiae. Etymology. The specific epithet ��� diversifemoris ��� is derived from the combination of two Latin words in genitive case, (1) adjective diversus, diversa, diversum (different) and (2) noun femur, femoris (femur), pointing to the mid femora which are distinctly different in male and female. Notes. The new species is also similar to Euparatettix bimaculatus Zheng, 1993 which is widely distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, Guangxi and Hainan, PR China, but the latter has lower lateral carinae of vertex, truncated anterior margin of pronotum, and narrow upper valva of female ovipositor (3-3.5 times as long as wide) (Zheng, 1993; 2005). The description and drawings of Eu. bimaculatus (Zheng, 1993; 2005) match the character of Lamellitettigodes; together with its similarity to L. diversifemoris sp. n., herein we transfer it to Lamellitettigodes. Thus, Lamellitettigodes bimaculatus (Zheng, 1993) comb. nov. becomes a new combination of Euparatettix bimaculatus Zheng, 1993., Published as part of Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zha, Ling-Sheng, 2020, A new species of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from PR China, with taxonomic notes on the genus, pp. 338-348 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on pages 340-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4407750, {"references":["Bolivar, I. (1898) Contribution a l'etude des Acridiens especes de la faune indo et austro-malaisienne du Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, Series 2, 19, 66 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9541","Tumbrinck, J. (2019) Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with description of two new species and additional notes on Lamellitettix, Probolotettix, and Scelimena. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 28 (2), 167 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jor. 28.34605","Zheng, Z. M. (1993) Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea. In: Huang, C. M. (Ed.), Animals of Longqi Mountain. China Forestry Press, Beijing, pp. 71 - 83. [in Chinese with English summary]","Zheng, Z. M. (2005) Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Western China. Science Press, Beijing, 501 pp. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Lamellitettigodes sagittatus (Bol��var, 1887) Figs. 3-4 (= Paratettix sagittatus Bol��var, 1887; Xistra sagittata (Bol��var, 1887); Euparatettix sagittatus (Bol��var, 1887)) = Euparatettix pulvillus Hancock, 1910 = Tetrix polypictus Hancock, 1913 (= Acrydium polypictum (Hancock, 1913)) = Euparatettix tuberifemora Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2009, syn. nov. Material examined. 4 males and 1 female, PR China: Hainan Province /Island, Baoting County, Diaoluoshan National Forest Park, 18��40���00.14������N, 109��36���42.70������E, 600 m, 18 September 2018, coll. Yongzhong Lu and Lingsheng Zha. 1 male, PR China: Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menglun, about 700 m, 13 November 2018, coll. Lingsheng Zha. Redescription. Female. General appearance. Body very thin, slender, size moderate, surface relatively smooth but covered with numerous fine granules. Body grayish brown to dark brown, generally maculated with many yellowish brown spots; antennae brown, color of terminal segments darker, and color of junctions of two adjacent segments light; pronotum behind shoulders has a pair of large, black and conspicuous spots; hind wings dark brown; all femora have three dim rings each, fore and mid tibiae have three yellowish brown rings each, hind tibia has two long and yellowish brown rings. Head. Vertex distinctly higher than anterior margin of pronotum, gradually and slightly narrowing forwards, and as wide as one eye; anterior margin straight and finely serrated, reaches the level of anterior margin of eyes, and as high as vertex; lateral carinae conspicuous, horn-like upwards but slightly lower than the top of eyes, in dorsal view and in frontal view are both L-shaped; medial carina clear, erect and straight, nearly extends to occiput, much lower than lateral carinae; fossulae deep and elongate, nearly extends to the end of medial carina (or posterior 2/3 of inner margins of eyes). In lateral view face oblique; medial carina together with frontal costa nearly right angled which is clearly visible before eyes; fascial carinae concave slightly above superior ocelli and broadly arcuate forwards between antennal grooves, margin of fascial carinae slightly finely serrated. In frontal view, bifurcation of frontal costa located at upper one-third of between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli; superior ocelli large, distance between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli equal to the length of one upper ocellus; longitudinal furrow deep and very narrow, long triangular, between grooves only 0.6 time as wide as the diameter of scapus. Antenna filiform and very thin, 16-segmented, inserted between the lower margin of eyes, the 9 th segment longest and about 10 times as long as wide, terminal two segments very short (15- segmented and the 8 th segment longest in males). Eyes globose and strongly elevated, much higher than, but not above the anterior margin of pronotum; superior ocelli placed at the middle of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Pronotum elongate, upper surface nearly at the same level. Anterior margin truncated and slightly elevated, between shoulders slightly uplifted and behind shoulders a little concave. Prozonal carinae distinct, erect and parallel, extending to anterior sulcus; extralateral carinae distinct, erect and auricular, extending to anterior sulcus as well; median carina conspicuous, erect and entire, the anterior half a little lamellate; humero-apical carina and lateral carina slightly erect and with finely serrated margins. In lateral view, upper margin before the end of tegmina slightly undulated, the posterior part nearly straight. Humeral angles obtusely angled; hind process elongate and wedged, nearly reaches the apices of hind tibiae, apex nearly truncated. Posterior angle of the lateral lobe of pronotum extending obliquely, backwards and downwards, anterior margin finely serrated, apex sharply rounded and a little folded outward; ventral sinus and tegminal sinus conspicuous, both nearly right angled. Wings. Visible part of tegmen oval, nearly as wide as mid femur, apex broadly rounded; hind wing developed, surpasses hind pronotal process 1.25 mm. Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora finely serrated and weakly undulated; mid femur somewhat compressed, basal part slightly narrower than terminal part; hind femur 3.1 times as long as wide, dorsal and ventral margins finely serrated in anterior parts while more roughly serrated in posterior parts, ventral margin entire, dorsal margin before antegenicular tooth has a low, long and obtuse tooth, median external area has two conspicuous teeth which are short and tapered, antegenicular tooth and genicular tooth a little sharp. Hind tibia has finely serrated inner margins, terminal part slightly wider than basal part, outer/inner side has 7-8 spines (5-8 in males); the first segment of hind tarsus slightly longer than the third (1.2 times), the third pulvillus longest while the first shortest, all apices sharp. Abdomen. Ovipositor: upper valva wide and short, 2.2 times as long as wide, widest in the middle; outer margins of upper and lower valvae armed with small, obtuse and saw-like teeth, but the basal half of upper valva smooth. Subgenital plate: its width clearly longer its length, medial carina clear and entire, posterior margin in the middle gradually extending backwards which forms an acutely triangular protrusion. Male. Slightly thinner and smaller than female. Mid femur nearly as wide as that of female, but basal part slightly wider and thicker than terminal part. Subgenital plate short cone-shape, apex obliquely truncated and bifurcate. Other characters same as female. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 6.8-7.1, female 9.5; length of pronotum: male 10-10.5, female 12; length of hind femur: male 4.6-4.9, female 5.5; length of antenna: male 4.2-4.5, female 5. Distribution. Widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including southern PR China (Yunnan and Hainan), Vietnam, Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and adjacent islands (Enggano and Mentawai), Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Moluccas islands, New Guinea (with adjacent islands Aru and Waigeo) and Timor (Tumbrinck, 2019; this study). Notes. We re-describe L. sagittatus for two reasons: 1), previous descriptions are either not quite clear or lack of photographs; 2), as a widely distributed species it should be widely distributed in southern PR China, but in PR China it had probably been identified or described as several other species, so we want to emphasize the main characters once again. Lamellitettigodes sagittatus is similar to L. contractus, but the placement and size of superior ocelli, and the placement of bifurcation of frontal costa are both distinctly different between the two species (Tumbrinck, 2019; also see the key). L. sagittatus is also similar to L. karwinkeli which was reported from Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture (Yunnan, PR China) as well, but the latter (description based on a female only) has: larger body size (pronotum 15 mm long), distinctly undulated anterior part of the median carina of pronotum, broadly rounded apices of the lateral lobes, slender and not compressed mid femur, as well as the first segment of hind tarsus slightly shorter than the third (Tumbrinck, 2019). L. sagittatus from Yunnan has minor morphological variations, including: anterior margin of pronotum is a little arcuate forwards, and prozonal carinae are slightly contracted backwards, but these variations are both indistinct and we regard them interspecific. According to Tumbrinck (2019), specimens of L. sagittatus have variable coloration and slightly variable sizes, specimens from New Guinea have in frontal view slightly lower lateral carinae of vertex, other characters are all the same. Zheng et al. (2011) reported L. sagittatus to be distributed in Taiwan, PR China (we have however not examined the original record), but its hind wings only reaches the middle of hind tibiae, so this record cannot be confirmed. Deng et al. (2009) described Eu. tuberifemora based on many specimens also from Diaoluoshan National Forest Park (Baoting and Qiongzhong Counties, Hainan, PR China); its description and drawings exactly match the characters of L. sagittatus. Evidences from morphology and geography are both supportive of the two species to be conspecific, so we herein synonymize Eu. tuberifemora Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2009 syn. nov. with L. sagittatus., Published as part of Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zha, Ling-Sheng, 2020, A new species of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from PR China, with taxonomic notes on the genus, pp. 338-348 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on pages 342-345, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4407750, {"references":["Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313.","Hancock, J. L. (1910) Third paper on the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 1910, 346 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1910. tb 01173. x","Hancock, J. L. (1913) Studies of Tetriginae (Acrydiinae) from the Sarawak Museum, Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 1, 39 - 54.","Deng, W. A., Zheng, Z. M. & Wei, S. Z. (2009) One new species of the genus Euparatettix Hancock (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea, Tetrigidae) from Hainan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34 (1), 35 - 37.","Tumbrinck, J. (2019) Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with description of two new species and additional notes on Lamellitettix, Probolotettix, and Scelimena. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 28 (2), 167 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jor. 28.34605","Zheng, Z. M., Zeng, H. H. & Ou, X. H. (2011) A review of the genus Euparatettix Hancock (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) from China with descriptions of two new species. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 36, 383 - 391. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Genus Lamellitettigodes G��nther, 1939 Types species: Lamellitettigodes contractus (Bol��var, 1887) (= Paratettix contractus Bol��var, 1887; Tetrix contractus (Bol��var, 1887)) = Xistra tricristata Bol��var, 1898 (= Paratettix tricristatus (Bol��var, 1898); Lamellitettigodes contractus tricristatus (Bol��var, 1898); Lamellitettigodes tricristatus (Bol��var, 1898)) = Xistra tricristata var. sumatrana Bol��var, 1898 (= Xistra tricristata sumatrana (Bol��var, 1898); Xistra sumatrana (Bol��var, 1898); Xistra tricristata sumatrensis (Bol��var, 1898); Lamellitettigodes sumatrana (Bol��var, 1898)) = Tetrix cuspidata Hancock, 1907 (= Tetrix cuspidatus (Hancock, 1907), Acrydium cuspidate (Hancock, 1907)) = Probolotettix corticolus Blackith & Blackith, 1987 Key to species of the genus Lamellitettigodes G��nther, 1939 (annotated key from Tumbrinck, 2019) 1. Frontal part of the median carina of pronotum (before the end of tegmen) clearly elevated and compressed.............. 2 ��� Frontal part of the median carina of pronotum (before the end of tegmen) lower, it may be a little bit lamellate........... 4 2. Antennae short, only 1.3 times as long as fore femur; prozonal carinae strongly contracted backwards; hind pronotal process surpasses apices of hind tibiae. Distribution: New Guinea, Biak, and the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland).......................................................................... L. cultratus (Bol��var, 1898) ��� Antennae long, about 2 times as long as fore femur; prozonal carinae slightly contracted backwards; hind pronotal process reaches about the middle of hind tibiae.................................................................... 3 3. Lateral carinae of vertex lower than the top of eyes; anterior margin of pronotum truncated. Distribution: PR China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, Guangxi and Hainan)................................... L. bimaculatus (Zheng, 1993) comb. nov. ��� Lateral carinae of vertex higher than the top of eyes; anterior margin of pronotum obtusely angled forwards. Distribution: PR China (Hainan).................................................................... L. diversifemoris sp. n. 4. In frontal view, distance between the anterior margin of vertex and the upper margin of superior ocelli equal to or shorter than the length of one superior ocellus; bifurcation of frontal costa located above the middle of the distance................. 5 ��� In frontal view, distance between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli longer than the length of one superior ocellus; bifurcation of frontal costa located at, or below the middle of the distance.......................... 8 5. In lateral view, median carina of pronotum before the end of tegmen weakly undulated, weakly arcuate or nearly straight.. 6 ��� In lateral view, median carina of pronotum before the end of tegmen clearly undulated.............................. 7 6. Median carina of pronotum before the end of tegmen wholly lower arcuate in lateral view; posterior pronotal process only reaches one-third of hind tibiae. Distribution: the Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand?.......... L. signatus (Bol��var, 1887) ��� Median carina of pronotum before the end of tegmen weakly undulated in lateral view; posterior pronotal process nearly reaches apices of hind tibiae. Distribution: widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including southern PR China (Yunnan and Hainan), Vietnam, Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and adjacent islands (Enggano, Mentawai), Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Moluccas islands, New Guinea (with adjacent islands Aru, Waigeo) and Timor.............. L. sagittatus (Bol��var, 1887), Published as part of Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zha, Ling-Sheng, 2020, A new species of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from PR China, with taxonomic notes on the genus, pp. 338-348 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4407750, {"references":["Gunther, K. (1939) Revision der Acrydiinae (Orthoptera), III, Sectio Amorphopi (Metrodorae Bol. 1887, aut.). Abhandlungen und Berichte aus den Staatlichen Museen fur Tierkunde und Volkerkunde in Dresden (Ser. A: Zool.), 20 (N. F. Bd. 1), 16 - 335.","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313.","Bolivar, I. (1898) Contribution a l'etude des Acridiens especes de la faune indo et austro-malaisienne du Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, Series 2, 19, 66 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9541","Hancock, J. L. (1907) Studies of the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 1907, 213 - 244.","Blackith, R. E. & Blackith, R. M. (1987) Tridactylids and Tetrigids (Orthoptera) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 130, 1 - 10.","Tumbrinck, J. (2019) Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with description of two new species and additional notes on Lamellitettix, Probolotettix, and Scelimena. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 28 (2), 167 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jor. 28.34605","Zheng, Z. M. (1993) Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea. In: Huang, C. M. (Ed.), Animals of Longqi Mountain. China Forestry Press, Beijing, pp. 71 - 83. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Zha, Ling-Sheng, Wen, Ting-Chi, Huang, Shi-Ke, Boonmee, Saranyaphat, Eungwanichayapant, Prapassorn D. (2019): Taxonomy and biology of Cordyceps qingchengensis sp. nov. and its allies. Phytotaxa 416 (1): 14-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.416.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.416.1.2

Gibbotettix vallis Zha and Wen sp. nov. (Figures 2 (a ��� d), 3(a ��� g)) Female. Body stout, size moderate, its surface very coarse and covered with numerous granules and many tubercles (Figure 2 (a ��� c). Vertex wide and short, 3.2 times as wide as one eye; mid keel very inconspicuous in anterior half and absent in posterior half; anterior margin straight and very low, not protruding beyond level of anterior margins of eyes; anterior part of lateral margin folded upward and surpassing top of eyes; in profile vertex together with frontal ridge forming into a slope, frontal ridge between antennae large triangularly protruding; in frontal view longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge between antennae slightly wider than width of first segment of antenna (about 1.2 times) (Figure 3 (a ��� c)). Antenna filiform, 16-segmented, inserted far below lower margins of eyes, length of middle segments (VIII ��� VI) 9 ��� 10 times their width (Figures 2 (b), 3(a, c)). Eyes globose, protruding but not above level of anterior margin of pronotum; lateral ocellus situated little below lower margins of eyes (Figure 3 (a)). Anterior margin of pronotum truncate, in middle with an angled protrusion forward; anterior part of pronotum distinctly uplifted on both sides of mid keel, which results in anterior part of pronotum being gibbous; mid keel interrupted into many parts which are lamellate and erected, in profile, anterior part of upper margin arcuate (only 1 concavity at the beginning, but 2 concavities present in male!), then slightly undulating backward; lateral keels of prozona contracted backward, not conspicuous in anterior half while conspicuous and erected in posterior half; humeral angles obtusely angled and not conspicuous; at level of humeral angles, pronotal disc distinctly concave on both sides of mid keel, and lateral margins of pronotum distinctly folded upwards; pronotal disc behind shoulders with 4 ��� 5 tubercules on each side of mid keel; hind process wide and short, nearly reaching top of hind femur, middle of posterior margin with a deep triangular concavity; posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum extending outwards, apex rounded-truncate; posterior margin of each lateral lobe with one concavity (Figures 2 (a ��� c), 3(b, c)). Tegmen and wing absent. Upper margin of fore femur with 2 lamellate protrusions, lower margin with 3; upper and lower margins of mid femur with 3 lamellate protrusions respectively, but distal protrusions small; hind femur stout, 2.3 times as long as wide, outer side with 2 big tubercles, upper mid keel with 3 lamellate protrusions before antegenicular denticle, antegenicular denticle isolated and large triangular, genicular denticle large and apex obtuse; outer side with 6 ��� 7 spines (6 in male), inner side with 6 spines (5 ��� 7 in male); first segment of hind tarsus 1.35 times as long as second plus third, first and second pulvilli small while third large, all apices obtuse (Figure 2 (a ��� c)). Ovipositor: upper valvulae 3.0 times as long as their width, outer margins of upper and lower valvulae with small, saw-like teeth (Figure 3 (d)). Subgenital plate: length equal to width, posterior margin truncate and middle triangularly protruding which is slightly folded inward (Figure 3 (e)). Body dark brown; antennae: junctions of two adjacent segments yellow, distal segments yellow; fore and mid femora with 3 obscure yellowish brown rings; all tibia with 3 yellowish brown rings (all distal rings small) (Figure 2 (a ��� c)). Male. Body size distinctly smaller than female (Figure 2 (d)). Antenna 15-segmented. In profile, anterior part of upper margin of pronotum with 2 concavities (Figure 2 (d)). The basal protrusion of lower margin of mid femur very small. Subgenital plate short coneshaped, apex bifurcate, not bidentate (Figure 3 (f, g)). Other characters same as female. Measurements. Length of body (mm): ♂ 9.5, ♀ 15.5; length of pronotum: ♂ 9.5, ♀ 11.0; length of hind femur: ♂ 5.8, ♀ 7.0. Type Material. Holotype: ♀, China, Guizhou, Jinsha County, Lengshuihe Natural Reserve, Yuanyanggu (valley name), 27��54 ��� N, 106��00 ��� E, 770 m altitude, 5 August 2015, collected by ZHA Ling-Sheng. Paratype: 1♂, 9 August 2015, other data same as holotype. Diagnosis. Gibbotettix vallis sp. nov. is similar to G. cristata (Liang 1995) (Liang 1995; Zheng and Fu 2003), but it differs in: (1) mid keel of vertex very inconspicuous in anterior half, in profile vertex together with frontal ridge forming into a slope; (2) lateral keels of prozona distinctly contracted backward; (3) humeral angles obtusely angled; (4) middle of posterior margin of hind process with a deeply triangularly concavity. Biology and ecology. Specimens of Gibbotettix vallis sp. nov. were collected in low shrubs in a humid valley (Figure 4 (b)). They can jump more than 1 m away. Etymology. The new species epithet ���vallis��� is derived from ��� valley ���, which means it was collected in Yuanyanggu, a small deep valley isolated by high surrounding mountains and a narrow river (Figure 4 (a, b)). Distribution. China (Guizhou)., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Wen, Ting-Chi, Yu, Feng-Ming & Hyde, Kevin D., 2016, A taxonomic review of the genus Gibbotettix with description of one new species (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 2389-2397 in Journal of Natural History 50 on pages 2393-2396, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1193651, http://zenodo.org/record/3993183, {"references":["Liang GQ. 1995. A new species of the genus Austrohancockia Gunther from Guangdong Province, China (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Cladonotidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica. 38: 332 - 333.","Zheng ZM, Fu P. 2003. Revision of Chinese species of the genus Gibbotettix Zheng (Orthoptera: Cladonotidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica. 46: 58 - 63."]}

Zha, Ling-Sheng, Wen, Ting-Chi, Yu, Feng-Ming, Hyde, Kevin D. (2016): A taxonomic review of the genus Gibbotettix with description of one new species (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Journal of Natural History 50: 2389-2397, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1193651

Genus Gibbotettix Zheng, 1992a Zheng, 1992a, Entomotaxonomia, 14(1): 1 ��� 2; Liang and Zheng, 1998, Fauna Sinica, Insecta, Vol. 12, Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea, 46 ��� 49; Zheng and Fu, 2003, Acta Entomologica Sinica, 46(1): 58 ��� 63; Zheng, 2005, Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Western China, 41 ��� 48; Deng et al., 2007, Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Yunnan and Guangxi, 38 ��� 41; Zeng and Zheng, 2011, Acta Entomologica Sinica, 54(7): 843 ��� 847. Type species: Gibbotettix emeiensis Zheng, 1992a. Generic characteristics (updated), (Figure 1 (a���k)). Size small (male) to moderate (female), body surface excessively coarse, covered with numerous granules and many tubercles. Vertex wide, 2.0 ��� 3.4 times as wide as one eye; vertex together with frontal ridge angled, arcuate or rounded (Figure 1 (a ��� c)); frontal ridge between antennae large triangularly protruding forward. Antennae filiform, inserted below lower margins of eyes, the longest segment about 7 ��� 10 times as long as its width, junctions of two adjacent segments generally yellow, distal segments generally yellow. Eyes globose. Anterior margin of pronotum truncate or in middle with an angled protrusion forward; mid keel high and lamellate in anterior part while low in posterior part (Figure 1 (j, k)); anterior part of pronotum distinctly uplifted on both sides of mid keel, which results in anterior part of pronotum being gibbous; humeral angle obtusely or right angled or arcuate (Figure 1 (d ��� f)); posterior margin of hind process truncate, generally concave in the middle (Figure 1 (g ��� i)); lateral lobe produced outwards, apex of posterior angle truncate or subtruncate. Tegmen and wing absent. Upper and lower margins of fore and mid femora with 2 ��� 3 lamellate protrusions; posterior femora stout, first segment of posterior tarsi generally longer than second plus third. Distribution. China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan). Relationship to other genera. The genus Gibbotettix Zheng was placed into Cladonotinae (Tetrigidae) based on: (1) filiform antenna; (2) in profile, frontal ridge of vertex between bases of antennae large triangularly protruding. The genus Gibbotettix is very similar to the genus Austrohancockia G��nther, 1938; the former differs from the latter by: (1) anterior part of pronotum distinctly uplifted on both sides of mid keel, which results in anterior part of pronotum being gibbous; (2) sometimes middle of anterior margin of pronotum with an angled protrusion forward, which never occurs in Austrohancockia. Key to species of the genus Gibbotettix Zheng 1. Middle of anterior margin of pronotum with an angled protrusion forward.................... 2 ��� Anterior margin of pronotum truncate, without protrusion......................................... 7 2. Vertex 3.0 ��� 3.2 times as wide as one eye............................................................................... 3 ��� Vertex 2.0 ��� 2.6 times as wide as one eye............................................................................... 5 3. Mid keel of vertex very inconspicuous in anterior part; humeral angles obtusely angled; lateral keels of prozona contracted backward; middle of posterior margin of hind progress deeply triangularly concave. Distributed in: China (Guizhou).................................................................................................. G . vallis Zha and Wen sp. nov. (♂, ♀) ��� Mid keel of vertex conspicuous and erected in anterior part; humeral angles rounded; lateral keels of prozona parallel; middle of posterior margin of hind process shallowly concave........................................................................................................... 4 4. Longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge 2.0 times as wide as first segment of antenna; lateral ocellus inserted at lower one-third of inner margin of eye; shoulders narrower. Distributed in: China (Guangxi)....................... G . circinihumerus Zheng (♀) ��� Longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge 1.5 times as wide as first segment of antenna; lateral ocellus inserted between lower margins of eyes; shoulders wider. Distributed in: Guangdong................................................................. G. cristata (Liang) (♂) 5. Humeral angle rounded; in profile anterior part of mid keel of pronotum nearly forming an oblique line. Distributed in: China (Guangxi).......................................................................................................................................... G . guangxiensis Zheng and Jiang (♂, ♀) ��� Humeral angle obtusely angled; in profile anterior part of mid keel of pronotum curved.................................................................................................................................................... 6 6. Vertex 2.6 times as wide as one eye; middle of posterior margin of hind process shallowly concave. Distributed in: China (Sichuan)......... G . emeiensis Zheng (♂, ♀) ��� Vertex 2.3 times as wide as one eye; middle of posterior margin of hind process deeply concave. Distributed in: China (Guizhou, Hunan) G . leishanensis Zheng (♂) 7. Vertex 2.0 ��� 2.8 times as wide as one eye; vertex and frontal ridge forming a right angle...................................................................................................................................................... 8 ��� Vertex 3.2 ��� 3.4 times as wide as one eye; vertex and frontal ridge forming a rounded angle................................................................................................................................. 10 8. Lamella of mid keel of pronotum elongate and reaching humeral angles, upper margin with a deep notch near humeral angles; humeral angles nearly right angled; posterior margin of hind process truncated. Distributed in: China (Guangdong)................................................................................................... G . zhengi Liang (♀) ��� Lamella of mid keel of pronotum normal, restricted only before shoulders, upper margin without notch; humeral angles obtusely angled or rounded; middle of posterior margin of hind process more or less concave.................................................. 9 9. Antennae inserted slightly below lower margins of eyes; mid keel of pronotum complete; middle of posterior margin of hind process shallowly concave; third pulvillus of first segment of hind tarsus distinctly larger than first and second. Distributed in: China (Yunnan).................................................. G . hongheensis Zheng (♂) ��� Antennae inserted far below lower margins of eyes; mid keel of pronotum interrupted; middle of posterior margin of hind process deeply concave; three pulvilli of first segment of hind tarsus equal in length. Distributed in: China (Hunan)....................................................................................................... G . hupingshanensis Fu and Zheng (♀) 10. Longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge 2.0 times as wide as first segment of antenna; in profile upper margin of pronotum before shoulders deeply cut by a furrow; hind process slightly surpassing top of hind femur, middle of posterior margin shallowly concave. Distributed in: China (Hunan)................. G . lativertex Zeng and Zheng (♀) ��� Longitudinal furrow of frontal ridge 1.5 times as wide as first segment of antenna; in profile upper margin of pronotum before shoulders not cut by furrow; hind process reaching top of hind femur, middle of posterior margin deeply concave. Distributed in: China (Guizhou)......................... G . guizhouensis Zeng and Zheng (♂), Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Wen, Ting-Chi, Yu, Feng-Ming & Hyde, Kevin D., 2016, A taxonomic review of the genus Gibbotettix with description of one new species (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 2389-2397 in Journal of Natural History 50 on pages 2390-2392, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1193651, http://zenodo.org/record/3993183, {"references":["Zheng ZM. 1992 a. New genera and new species of Tetrigidae (Orthoptera) from Sichuan and Yunnan. Entomotaxonomia. 14: 1 - 7.","Liang GQ, Zheng ZM. 1998. Fauna Sinica, Insecta Vol. 12, Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea. Beijing, China: Science Press; p. 278.","Zheng ZM, Fu P. 2003. Revision of Chinese species of the genus Gibbotettix Zheng (Orthoptera: Cladonotidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica. 46: 58 - 63.","Zheng ZM. 2005. Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Western China. Beijing, China: Science Press; p. 501.","Deng WA, Zheng ZM, Wei SZ. 2007. Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Yunnan and Guangxi. Nanning, China: Guangxi Science & Technology Press; p. 458.","Zeng HH, Zheng ZM. 2011. A review of the genus Gibbotettix Zheng (Orthoptera: cladonotidae) with descriptions of two new species from China. Acta Entomologica Sinica. 54: 843 - 847.","Gunther K. 1938. Revision der Acrydiinae. I. Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Bufoniae, Cladonotae und Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen des Zoologisches Museum in Berlin. 23: 299 - 437."]}

Zha, Ling-Sheng, Wen, Ting-Chi, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Hyde, Kevin D. (2015): The genus Thoradonta in Thailand (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Scelimeninae) with description of two new species. Journal of Natural History 50: 833-845, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091101

Genus Thoradonta Hancock, 1909 new for Thailand Hancock, 1909, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London, p. 407; G��nther, 1938, Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 99: p. 121; Zheng and Liang, 1991, Acta Entomologica Sinica 34(4): p. 453; Liang and Zheng, 1998, Fauna Sinica, Insecta, vol. 12, Orth., Tetrigoidea, p. 56; Zheng, 2005, Fauna of Tetigoidea from western China, p. 59; Deng, Zheng and Wei, 2007, Fauna of the Tetrigoidea from Yunnan and Guangxi, p. 51. Type species Thoradonta dentata Hancock, 1909 Generic characteristics (updated) Body size small, vertex equal to or wider than one eye, frontal ridge distinctly protruding between antennae. Antennae filiform, inserted between or below lower anterior margins of eyes. Eyes globular and prominent, lateral ocellus situated in or slightly below middle of anterior margin of eye. Distal segments of maxillary palpus slightly compressed. Pronotal disc covered with many nodules; mid-keel undulate, partially lamellate and erected before shoulders; pronotum slightly uplifted between shoulders; a pair of abbreviated carinae present between shoulders; hind process of pronotum wedgeshaped, not reaching, reaching or surpassing beyond apex of hind femur; posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum distinctly laminate and expanded, apex spine-like or acute dentate and extending transversely or obliquely backward, but few species truncate or subtruncate. Tegmina ovate, hindwing present or absent (Thoradonta butlini). First segment of hind tarsus generally longer than third. Relationship to other genera The genus Thoradonta Hancock was placed in Scelimeninae (Tetrigidae) based on: (1) filiform antenna; (2) in profile frontal ridge protruding in arch-like manner between base of antennae; (3) posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum lamellate and expanded, apex generally spine-like. The genus Thoradonta is closely related to the genus Criotettix Bolivar, 1887, the former differs from the latter mainly by: (1) lateral margins of pronotum behind humeral angles distinctly folded upwards; (2) partial mid-keel lamellate and erected before shoulders. Key to species of the genus Thoradonta Hancock 1. Tegmen and wing absent. Distributed in Indonesia.. T. butlini Blackith and Blackith Tegmina and wings present.......................................................................................................... 2 2. Apex of posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum truncate or slightly convex, not spined..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Apex of posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum spined.......................................... 4 3. Body size large, hind process of pronotum surpassing far beyond apex of hind femur. Distributed in Nepal..................................................................... T. aspinosa Ingrisch Body size small, hind process of pronotum shorter, only reaching apex of hind femur. Distributed in China................................................................. T. obtusilobata Zheng 4. Hind process of pronotum shorter, not reaching or reaching apex of hind femur 5 Hind process of pronotum longer, surpassing beyond apex of hind femur............ 8 5. Hind process reaching apex of hind femur; lower lobe of posterior angle of pronotum distinct and acute. Distributed in India, Bengal. T. bengalensis Shishodia Hind process not reaching apex of hind femur; lower lobe of posterior angle of pronotum indistinct or obtuse...................................................................................................... 6 6. Wings shorter, not reaching apex of hind process; third pulvillus of first segment of hind tarsus longer than second. Distributed in: China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka..................................................................... T. nodulosa (St��l) Wings longer, reaching apex of hind process; third pulvillus of first segment of hind tarsus equal to second in length................................................................................................. 7 7. Lateral lobes of pronotum with posterior angles obliquely dentate. Distributed in Malaysia............................................................................................................. T. dentata Hancock Lateral lobes of pronotum with posterior angles acute spinose, spine transverse. Distributed in equinoctial Africa............................................................... T. spinata Hancock 8. Body size stout; hind process of pronotum surpassing slightly beyond apex of hind femur..................................................................................................................................................... 9 Body size slender; hind process of pronotum surpassing far beyond apex of hind femur..................................................................................................................................................... 12 9. Anterior margin of vertex nearly as wide as posterior margin; spine of posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum extending distinctly obliquely backward. Distributed in China...................................................................................... T. yunnana Zheng Anterior margin of vertex distinctly narrower than posterior margin; spine of posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum extending transversely or slightly obliquely backward....................................................................................................................... 10 10. Spine very long; wings reaching apex of hind process of pronotum. Distributed in China................................................................................................ T. longispina Zheng and Xie Spine shorter; wings not reaching apex of hind process of pronotum................... 11 11. Antenna inserted between lower margins of eyes, length of longest segment four times its width; first segment of hind tarsus 1.75 times as long as third. Distributed in China, India............................................................................................. T. spiculoba Hancock Antenna inserted decidedly below lower margins of eyes, length of longest segment six times its width; first segment of hind tarsus only 1.3���1.4 times as long as third. Distributed in Thailand;.................................................. T. spiculobaoides sp. nov. 12. Spine of posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum pointing laterally............... 13 Spine of posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum pointing obliquely backward............................................................................................................................................. 15 13. Vertex 2.0 times as wide as one eye; wings not reaching apex of hind process. Distributed in India, Vietnam................................................... T. centropleura Podgornaya Vertex not more than 1.5 times as wide as one eye; wings reaching or surpassing beyond apex of hind process..................................................................................................... 14 14. Spine slender; length of pronotum 2.4���3.0 times as long as length of hind process which is beyond hind femora; wings surpassing apex of hind process. Distributed in China.................................................................................... T. longipenna Zheng and Liang Spine shorter; length of pronotum 3.3���4.0 times as long as length of hind process which is beyond hind femora; wings reaching apex of hind process. Distributed in China............................................................................................................... T. transspicula Zheng 15. Vertex wider, 1.5���2.0 times as wide as one eye................................................................ 16 Vertex narrower, 1.18���1.35 times as wide as one eye.................................................... 20 16. Wings longer, surpassing far beyond apex of hind process; disc of pronotum black. Distributed in China........................................................ T. nigrodorsalis Zheng and Liang Wings shorter, not reaching or surpassing slightly beyond apex of hind process; pronotum and body in the same colour............................................................................. 17 17. Length of pronotum not less than 5.0 times as long as hind process which is beyond apex of hind femur...................................................................................................... 18 Length of pronotum not more than 4.0 times as long as hind process which is beyond apex of hind femur...................................................................................................... 19 18. Lateral keels parallel; wings not reaching apex of hind process. Distributed in China......................................................................................................................... T. lancangensis Zheng Lateral keels distinctly contracted backward; wings surpassing apex of hind process. Distributed in: China..................................... T. dianguiensis Deng, Zheng and Wei 19. Antenna inserted between lower margins of eyes; lateral keels parallel; mid-keel complete between two highest lamellate protrusions; humeral angle widely rounded. Distributed in China, India................................................... T. lativertex G��nther Antenna inserted decidedly below lower margins of eyes; lateral keels distinctly contracted backward; mid-keel interrupted between two highest lamellate protrusions; humeral angle obtuse angled. Distributed in Thailand............................................................................................................................................................ T. lativertexoides sp. nov. 20. Vertex 1.25���1.35 times as wide as one eye; body surface smooth; length of hind process which is beyond apex of hind femur 3.0��� 3.4 mm. Distributed in Philippines........................................................................................................................ T. palawanica G��nther Vertex nearly equal to one eye in width; body surface coarsely; length of hind process which is beyond apex of hind femur 1.5���2.0 mm. Distributed in India, China.............................................................................................................. T. apiculata Hancock Species of the genus Thoradonta Hancock in Thailand, Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Wen, Ting-Chi, Kang, Ji-Chuan & Hyde, Kevin D., 2015, The genus Thoradonta in Thailand (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Scelimeninae) with description of two new species, pp. 833-845 in Journal of Natural History 50 on pages 834-837, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091101, http://zenodo.org/record/3990463, {"references":["Hancock JL. 1909. Further studies of the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Trans R Entomol Soc Lond. 56: 387 - 426.","Gunther K. 1938. Revision der Acrydiinae (Orthoptera) II, Scelimenae spuriae. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 99: 117 - 148.","Liang GQ, Zheng ZM. 1998. Fauna Sinica, Insecta, Volume 12, Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea. Beijing: Science Press; 278 pp.","Deng WA, Zheng ZM, Wei SZ. 2007. Fauna of the Tetrigoidea from Yunnan and Guangxi. Nanning: Guangxi Science & Technology Press; 458 pp.","Bolivar I. 1887. Essai sur les Acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Ann Soc Entomol Belg. 31: 175 - 313."]}

Thoradonta spiculobaoides Zha and Kang sp. nov. (Figures 3A���C, 4A���F, 5A���D) Male Body size small, covered with numerous small granules and many nodules (Figure 3A���B). Head not protruding over level of pronotal surface; vertex 1.5���1.6 times as wide as one eye, anterior margin straight, protruding but not surpassing anterior margins of eyes, lateral margins folded upwards but not surpassing top of eyes (Figure 4A, C); median carina conspicuous and protruding in anterior half which is visible before eyes in profile, while obscure or absent in posterior half; vertex and frontal ridge roundly protruding, excessively concave between lateral ocelli, and then excessively archedly protruding between antennae, longitudinal furrow about as wide as first segment of antenna (Figure 4B). Antenna filiform, 15-segmented, inserted slightly below lower margins of eyes (Figure 4B), length of longest segment (segment IV) about six times its width. Eyes globose, protruding but not above level of pronotum; lateral ocellus situated slightly below middle of anterior margin of eye. Pronotum very coarse, covered with numerous small granules and many nodules; anterior margin straight, lateral keels erected, slightly contracted backward, sometimes interrupted in middle or distal part excessively contracted inward (Figure 4A). Mid-keel not reaching anterior margin of pronotum, otherwise nearly complete, in profile upper margin distinctly undulate with wave peaks becoming lower backward and disappearing in distal area. These sinusoidal waves lamellate and erected, first highest, with intumesced base, both sides of intumescence with a pair of big nodules at margins of pronotum; second lamella longest and undulate, on both sides pronotal disc distinctly concave followed by a pair of long oblique nodules, and lateral margins of pronotum distinctly folded upwards; the latter mid-keel with about seven or eight lamellae, no less than four are visible and they connect with nodules of both their sides respectively (Figure 3A, B). Humeral angle obtusely angled, with a pair of abbreviated carinae between shoulders, pronotum slightly uplifted between shoulders (Figure 3A, B); hind process of pronotum long cone-shaped, surpassing slightly beyond top hind femora, distal part slightly upcurved and apex truncate (Figure 3A, B); posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum extending outwards, distal part nearly transverse or slightly oblique backward, fore margin of posterior angle smooth while hind margin with small teeth, apex spine-like; posterior margin of each lateral lobe with two concavities. Tegmina ovate, 2.3 times as long as its width, apex rounded (Figure 5C). Hindwing not reaching top of hind process of pronotum but slightly surpassing beyond top of hind femur (Figure 3A). Upper and lower margins of fore and mid femora undulate, with fine teeth; mid femur wider than tegmen and fore femur, middle femur distinctly narrowed from basal to distal side, and basal part thicker than distal part (Figure 5A, C). Hind femur about 2.5 times as long as wide, upper and lower margins dentate, outer side and upper side with a series of nodules; upper margin with a triangular protrusion before antegenicular, antegenicular isolated and long triangular, its apex nearly right angled, genicular denticle fingered extending backward and apex nearly quadrate (Figure 5B). Hind tibia distally slightly wider than basally, outer side with five to seven spines, inner side with for or five spines; first segment of hind tarsus 1.3���1.4 times (variable in different specimens) longer than third, third pulvillus about as long as second and slightly longer than first pulvillus, apices of all pulvilli sharp (Figure 5D). Subgenital plate short cone-shaped, apex bifurcate and bidentate (Figure 4D). Body dark brown. Antenna brown and colour of distal segments darker; hindwings black; fore and mid femora and tibiae with three yellowish brown bands, bands of femora obscure; lower outside of hind femur black, centre of inner side of hind femur dark brown; hind tibia with two long yellowish brown bands. Female Slightly larger than male. Upper margin of fore femur arched, distinctly narrowed from basal to distal side; width of mid femur slightly narrower than width of tegmen, not narrowed or thicker from basal to distal area (Figure 3C). Ovipositor: length of upper valvulae about 4.0 times its width, outer margins of upper and lower valvulae with small saw-like teeth (Figure 4E). Posterior margin of subgenital plate: middle triangularly protruding, sometimes this protrusion folded inward, forming a basal concavity and a protrusion on both sides, and even the triangular protrusion invisible in ventral view (Figure 4F). Measurements Length of body (mm): ♂ 6.0���6.8, ♀ 6.8���7.8; length of pronotum: ♂ 6.0���6.9, ♀ 6.4���7.2; length of hind femur: ♂ 3.4���3.8, ♀ 3.7���4.5. Type material Holotype (No. 15-0644, MFLU): ♂, Thailand, Chiang Rai (20��19 ��� 43 ������ N, 99��51 ��� 48 ������ E, 402.3 m altitude), 25 November 2014, collected by ZHA Ling-Sheng. Paratypes: 1♂ 2♀ (No. 15-0645, 15-0646, 15-0647, MFLU) 3♂ 4♀ (HNU), same data as holotype. Diagnosis Thoradonta spiculobaoides sp. nov. is similar to T. spiculoba Hancock, 1912 (Zheng 2005) and T. dianguiensis Deng, Zheng and Wei 2006, It differs from the former by: (1) vertex only 1.5���1.6 times as wide as one eye (Figure 4A); (2) antenna inserted decidedly below lower margins of eyes (Figure 4B), length of longest segment six times its width; (3) upper margin of hind femur with a triangular protrusion before antegenicular, antegenicular isolated and long triangular (Figure 5B); (4) first segment of hind tarsus only 1.3���1.4 times as long as third, apices of all pulvilli sharp (Figure 5D); (5) female size distinctly smaller. It differs from the latter by: (1) body size decidedly smaller; (2) humeral angle obtusely angled (Figure 3B); (3) hind process of pronotum only slightly surpassing beyond top hind femora, never reaching one-third of hind tibia (Figure 3A���C); (4) upper margin of hind femur with a triangular protrusion before antegenicular, antegenicular isolated and long triangular (Figure 5B). Etymology The new species epithet is derived from Thoradonta spiculoba, which means it is similar to that species. Distribution Thailand (Chiang Rai)., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Wen, Ting-Chi, Kang, Ji-Chuan & Hyde, Kevin D., 2015, The genus Thoradonta in Thailand (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Scelimeninae) with description of two new species, pp. 833-845 in Journal of Natural History 50 on pages 840-843, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091101, http://zenodo.org/record/3990463, {"references":["Hancock JL. 1912. Tetriginae (Acridiinae) in the Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar with the description of new species. India Department of Agriculture Memoirs - Entomological Series. 4 (2): 131 - 160.","Deng WA, Zheng ZM, Wei SZ. 2006. Two new species of Scelimenidae from Yunnan and Guangxi, China (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 31: 369 - 372."]}

Thoradonta lativertexoides Zha and Kang sp. nov. (Figures 1A, B, 2A���D) Male Body size small, covered with numerous small granules and many nodules (Figure 1A, B). Head not protruding over level of pronotal surface; vertex about 2.0 times one eye in width, anterior margin straight, protruding forwards to same level of anterior margins of eyes, lateral margins folded upwards but not surpassing beyond top of eyes (Figures 1B, 2B); median carina conspicuous and protruding in anterior half, which is visible before eyes in profile, while obscure or absent in posterior half; vertex and frontal ridge roundly protruding, excessively concave between lateral ocelli, and then excessively protruding in an arch-like manner between antennae, longitudinal furrow slightly wider than first segment of antenna in width (Figure 2A). Antenna filiform, 15-segmented, inserted slightly below lower margins of eyes, length of longest segment (segment IV) about six times its width. Eyes globose, protruding but not above level of pronotum (Figure 2B); lateral ocellus situated slightly below middle of anterior margin of eye (Figure 2A). Pronotum very coarse, covered with numerous small granules and many nodules; anterior margin straight, lateral keels erected, contracted backward, sometimes undulate in lateral view. Mid-keel not reaching anterior margin of pronotum, interrupted before shoulders, in profile upper margin distinctly undulate. These sinusoidal waves lamellate and erected, first highest, with intumesced base, both sides of intumescence with a pair of big nodules at margins of pronotum; second lamella very short and low; third lamella longest and undulate, its peak nearly of same height as first; on both sides pronotal disc distinctly concave followed by a pair of long oblique nodules, and lateral margins of pronotum distinctly folded upwards; the latter lamellae becoming lower backward and disappearing on distal part, three or four lamellae are visible and they connect with nodules of both their sides, respectively (Figure 1A, B). Humeral angle obtuse, with a pair of abbreviated carinae between shoulders, pronotum slightly uplifted between shoulders (Figure 1B); hind process of pronotum long cone-shaped, nearly reaching top of hind tibia, apex truncate (Figure 1A, B); posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum extending outwards, distal part slightly oblique backward, fore margin of posterior angle smooth while hind margin with small teeth, apex spine-like; posterior margin of each lateral lobe with two concavities. Tegmina ovate, 2.2 times as long as wide, apex rounded. Hindwing surpassing slightly beyond top of hind process of pronotum. Upper and lower margins of fore and mid femora undulate, with fine teeth; width of basal mid femur slightly wider than width of tegmen, middle femur distinctly narrowed from basal to distal side, and basal part thicker than distal part. Hind femur about 2.6 times as long as wide, upper and lower margins dentate, outer side and upper side with a series of nodules respectively; upper margin with a triangular protrusion before antegenicular, antegenicular isolated and long triangular, its apex nearly rightangled, genicular denticle fingered extending backward and apex triangular (Figure 2D). Width of distal hind tibia slightly wider than basal, outer side with four to six spines, inner side with four spines; first segment of hind tarsus about 1.3 times longer than third, third pulvillus longer than first and second, apices of all pulvilli sharp. Subgenital plate short cone-shaped (Figure 2C), apex bifurcate and bidentate. Body dark brown. Antenna brown and colour of distal segments darker; hindwings black; fore and mid femora and tibiae with three yellowish brown bands, bands of femora obscure; lower outside of hind femur black, centre of inner side of hind femur dark brown; hind tibia with two long yellowish brown bands. Female Unknown. Measurements Length of body (mm): ♂ 6.0���6.8; length of pronotum: ♂ 7.7���8.2; length of hind femur: ♂ 4.0���4.2. Type material Holotype (No. 15-0642, MFLU): ♂, Thailand, Chiang Rai, Doi Thong (19��47 ��� 58 ������ N, 99��33 ��� 13 ������ E, 1234.7 m altitude), 8 November 2014, collected by ZHA Ling-Sheng. Paratypes: 1♂ (No. 15-0643, MFLU) and 1♂ (HNU), same data as holotype. Diagnosis Thoradonta lativertexoides sp. nov. is similar to T. lativertex G��nther, 1938, but it differs in: (1) antenna inserted decidedly below lower margins of eyes (Figure 2A); (2) lateral keels distinctly contracted backward (Figure 1B); (3) a short and lower lamellate protrusion present between two highest lamellate protrusions on mid-keel, mid-keel interrupted before this short protrusion (Figure 1B); (4) humeral angle obtuse angled (Figure 1B); (5) upper margin of hind femur with a triangular protrusion before antegenicular, antegenicular isolated and long triangular (Figure 2D). Etymology The new species epithet is derived from Thoradonta lativertex, which means it is similar to that species. Distribution Thailand (Chiang Rai)., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Wen, Ting-Chi, Kang, Ji-Chuan & Hyde, Kevin D., 2015, The genus Thoradonta in Thailand (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Scelimeninae) with description of two new species, pp. 833-845 in Journal of Natural History 50 on pages 837-839, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091101, http://zenodo.org/record/3990463, {"references":["Gunther K. 1938. Revision der Acrydiinae (Orthoptera) II, Scelimenae spuriae. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 99: 117 - 148."]}