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Students experience stress because of difficult and demanding situations, which are related to metacognitive abilities and emotional control techniques. College students experience negative emotions frequently, which affect their capacity for metacognition. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between college students' perceptions of stress, metacognition, and emotional control. 226 college students in all, ranging in age from 18 to 35, participated in the cross-sectional study (M = 24.8, SD = 4.87). Participants completed a sociodemographic form, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, and the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. The study's findings showed that the majority of participants experienced moderate stress (Male= M = 32.4, SD = 5.3, Female= M = 28.7, SD = 4.9), and male students reported less mastery of metacognitive processes than female students. Additionally, a negative link between perceived stress and emotional regulation was discovered, suggesting that a low degree of emotional regulation was associated with a high level of stress. The findings further showed that higher levels of stress were associated with weaker metacognitive capacity and lower use of reappraisal as an emotional regulation method, respectively (r(224)=-.182). These results demonstrated a relationship between perceived stress, metacognitive abilities, and emotional regulation that might have significant consequences for supporting and promoting college student performance.

Evcil hayvanların sağlığını optimize etmek için kullanılan fonksiyonel katkıların rolü önem kazandıkça fonksiyonel gıda ve katkılar köpek sahipleri arasında popülerlik kazanmaktadır. Biyoaktif fonksiyonel özellikleri nedeniyle sık kullanılan bitkilerden biri de Yucca schidigera’dır. Yucca ekstraktı insan, at, çiftlik hayvanları ve kedi-köpek diyetlerinde uzun süredir yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yucca tozunun veya ekstraktının ana bileşenleri antioksidan, antienflamatuar, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antimutajenik, antikanser ve kolesterol azaltımına sahip steroidal saponinler, polisakkaritler ve polifenollerdir. Yucca sağlık ve performansa olumlu etkileri, besin madde yararlanımı artırma, dışkı kokusunu azaltma, amonyak ve hidrojen sülfit gibi bazı zararlı uçucu bileşiklerin giderilmesi amacıyla köpeklerde yem katkı maddesi olarak değerlendirilir. Yaygın kullanılan bir katkı maddesi olmasına rağmen Yucca’nın köpeklerdeki etkileri hakkında çok az çalışma yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, dışkı kokusunu azaltıcı etkileri dışında köpekler üzerindeki etkileri bilinmemektedir. Bu derlemede Yucca schidigera’nın köpeklerde sağlık, sindirilebilirlik, dışkı kokusu, bağırsak gazı oluşumu, kan parametreleri, oksidasyon ve dışkı mikrobiyotasına olan etkilerinin tartışılarak açıklanması hedeflenmiştir.

Okul, öğrencilerin günlük yaşamlarında zamanlarının büyük bölümlerini geçirdikleri ortamlardan biridir. Bu nedenle öğrencilerin okula aidiyet duyguları, okulda temel psikolojik ihtiyaç doyumları ve okul doyumları önem atfedilen psikolojik özelliklerdir. Okul doyumu, öğrencilerin okuldan memnun olma durumlarına yönelik bilişsel, duyuşsal ve davranışsal değerlendirmelerini içermektedir. Bu yönüyle okul doyumu, mutluluğun bir diğer ifadesi olan yaşam doyumunun da önemli bir bileşenini oluşturmaktadır. Pozitif Psikoloji yaklaşımı 2000’li yılların başından bu yana insanların yaşam doyumu, okul doyumu, mutluluk, iyimserlik ve umut gibi olumlu özelliklerine daha fazla ağırlık verilmesine öncülük etmiştir. Bu nedenle okul doyumu geçmişe oranla günümüzde daha fazla dikkate alınan durumlardan biri olmuştur. Çünkü öğrencinin okulda yüksek düzeyde doyum elde etmesi akademik başarısını, uyumunu ve genel iyilik halini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Bu bilgilere dayalı olarak bu araştırmada öğrenciler açısından eğitim ortamında önemli bir psikolojik yapı olan okul doyumu farklı boyutlarıyla ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada öncelikle okul doyumunu açıklayan Ekolojik Kuram, Öz-Belirleme Kuramı ve Pozitif Psikoloji gibi temel kuramlara ilişkin bilgiler sıralanmıştır. Ardından okul doyumunu etkileyen faktörler incelenmiştir. Bu faktörler ekolojik bakış açısını yanıstacak şekilde; okulun bağlamı ile ilgili faktörler, içsel/kişisel özellikler ve daha geniş düzlemde bağlamsal etkiler olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Buna ek olarak okul doyumuna yönelik alanyazında mevcut olan ölçme araçlarının psikometrik özelliklerine yer verilerek bu ölçme araçları tanıtılmıştır. Son olarak Türkiye’de okul doyumunun eğitim sistemi ve kültürel boyutlarıyla önemi ele alınarak konuya ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.

(TR) Hidrostatik yataklar, yüksek basınçlı ve nispeten ince yağ filmleri sayesinde, yüksek sönümleme, rijitlik ve yük kapasitesi gibi avantajlarının yanında son derece düşük hareket hataları potansiyeline sahiptir. Genellikle boyutsal ve geometrik toleranslar son derece yüksek hassas olduğundan birçok makine üreticisi de kendi hidrostatik yatak sistemlerini tasarlamayı ve üretmeyi tercih etmektedirler. Bu makalenin amacı, bir eksenel hidrostatik yatağın performansını değerlendirebilecek ve yatak tasarımına yardımcı olabilecek bir analitik modeli gerçekleştirmektir. Böylece hidrostatik yatak geometrilerinin yük kapasitesi, gerekli debi, rijitlik, ve güç tüketimi için hesaplamaları yapılabilecektir. Aynı zamanda performans üzerinde etkili olan tasarım parametrelerinin cevap yüzeyi yöntemi (CYM) kullanılarak bir değerlendirilmesi de yapılarak optimal tasarımlar elde edilecektir. (EN) Hydrostatic bearings have the advantages of high damping, stiffness and load capacity, as well as the potential for extremely low movement errors due to their high pressure and relatively thin oil films. Since dimensional and geometrical tolerances are usually extremely precise, many machine builders prefer to design and manufacture their own hydrostatic bearing systems. The aim of this paper is to realize an analytical model that can evaluate the performance of an axial hydrostatic bearing and assist in bearing design. This will enable the calculation of hydrostatic bearing geometries for load capacity, required flow rate, stiffness, and power consumption. At the same time, an evaluation of the design parameters affecting the performance using the response surface method (RSM) will be performed to obtain optimal designs.

Amaç: Araştırmada spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin egzersiz bağımlılığı ve zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesinin yanında egzersiz bağımlılığı ile zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmaya 2020-2021 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde Balıkesir Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 193’ü erkek, 197’si kadın olmak üzere toplam 390 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, “Egzersiz Bağımlılığı Ölçeği” ve “Sporda Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların egzersiz bağımlılığı düzeyleri ile yaş ve egzersiz sıklığı değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir. Zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri incelendiğinde cinsiyet, yaş ve egzersiz sıklığı değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir fark görülmüştür. Egzersiz bağımlılığı ve zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş olup aralarında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Katılımcıların egzersiz bağımlılığı düzeylerinin riskli grupta yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsiyet değişkenine göre erkek katılımcıların kadınlara oranla zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş düzeyi ilerledikçe bağımlılık riski düşerken zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin artmakta olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların yapmış olduğu haftalık egzersiz sayısı arttıkça bağımlılık seviyesi artarken zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin arttığı saptanmıştır.

Migraine is a recurrent headache syndrome with a wide spectrum of symptoms. The diagnosis of migraine is mostly made retrospectively, taking into account the characteristics of the headache and other symptoms. It is not known enough how migraine headache starts and in which brain regions it occurs. It is known that changes in the excitability of brainstem nuclei affect endogenous pain mechanisms and unilateral involvement of trigeminovascular structures are effective mechanisms in migraine development. Understanding the role of the cerebellum in migraine disease is a fairly new topic in neuroscience. 19 Mıgraıne Patıents (MP) and 14 Healthy Controllers (HC) partıcıpated ın our study. For the volumetric analysis of the cerebellum, the ceres method of volbrain, which is an automatic brain volume calculation method, was used and the volumes of the cerebellum structures were obtained. SPSS 22.0 program was used for the analysis of the data and the level of significance was accepted as p

Speaker recognition systems achieved significant improvements over the last decade, especially due to the performance of the i-vectors. Despite the achievements, mismatch between training and test data affects the recognition performance considerably. In this paper, a solution is offered to increase robustness against additive noises by inserting model compensation techniques within the i-vector extraction scheme. For stationary noises, the model compensation techniques produce highly robust systems. Parallel Model Compensation and Vector Taylor Series are considered as state-of-the-art model compensation techniques. Applying these methods to the first order statistics, a noisy total variability space training is aimed, which will reduce the mismatch resulted by additive noises. All other parts of the conventional i-vector scheme remain unchanged, such as total variability matrix training, reducing the i-vector dimensionality, scoring the i-vectors. The proposed method was tested with four different noise types with several signal to noise ratios (SNR) from -6 dB to 18 dB with 6 dB steps. High reductions in equal error rates were achieved with both methods, even at the lowest SNR levels. On average, the proposed approach produced more than 50% relative reduction in equal error rate.

Today’s cities show an unplanned and rapid development in direct proportion to the development of technology. As a result of rapid and unplanned development, the natural silhouette of the cities has deteriorated and the proportion of reinforced concrete structures has increased day by day. For these reasons, putting green areas in the second plan causes some ecological problems for the city. The existence and sustainability of green areas are among the most important approaches that can reduce these problems. If we look at the concept of sustainability and its derivatives, the university campuses in the city give the appearance of a small city model and the green campus, sustainable campus, eco-campus, etc. that have emerged in recent years. Due to these concepts, in this study, “Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus”, located within the provincial borders of Konya, was chosen as the study area. The aim of the study was to determine the shadow lengths created by the buildings in the “Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus” on the green areas and the new building or open green areas, and according to the light, shade and water requirements of the plants in the open green areas in line with the obtained data. Its contribution to ecological sustainability and green campus studies has been evaluated by revealing whether it is placed in areas with 2D (2D)-3D (3D) software and with different analysis techniques. In the light of the data obtained; It is seen that the shadow periods created by the buildings in Selcuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus are higher in December and February, and the shadow durations are less in other months. The shadow periods of the building’s immediate surroundings are longer than the open areas. It has been determined that the species in the vicinity of the building are adversely affected by this situation. Plants are exposed to the sun, especially in the summer months, so the water demand and consumption of plants increases.

Aim: To demonstrate the prognostic importance of glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR) in metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). Methods: Retrospectively, 159 mGC patients were enrolled. Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox regression analysis were used to determine the prognostic value of the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and GLR. Results: Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were associated with NLR, PNI, SII and GLR by univariate analysis. Moreover, OS was associated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and the chemotherapy regimen. In multivariate analysis, only GLR was found to be independently prognostic for both PFS and OS. Conclusion: In mGC, GLR may be a new prognostic marker for both OS and PFS.

Bu araştırma 7. Sınıf Sosyal Bilgiler dersinde üretim, tüketim ve dağıtım öğrenme alanına ait kazanımların işlenmesinde Jigsaw IV tekniğinin öğrencilerin akademik başarısına ve derse karşı tutumuna etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma 2020/2021 eğitim öğretim yılı Aydın ili Nazilli ilçesinde bulunan Asımın Nesli Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinden 39 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada ön test son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Akademik Başarı Testi ve Sosyal Bilgiler Tutum Ölçeği veri toplama araçları olarak belirlenmiştir. 5 Hafta olarak planlanan çalışmada deney grubuna iş birliğine dayalı öğrenme yöntemlerinden olan Jigsaw IV tekniği, kontrol grubuna ise okulun mevcut öğretim programı uygulanmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarından elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada Jigsaw IV tekniğinin mevcut öğretim programında yer alan öğretim ve etkinliklere göre Sosyal Bilgiler öğretiminde öğrencilerin akademik başarılarını anlamlı derecede artırdığı ve derse karşı tutumlarını olumlu etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications at different rates on the yield and development of maize plant. The research was carried out in three replications in greenhouse conditions, according to the randomized plot design, in plastic pots with a capacity of three kg. Applications in research; control, conventional fertilization, gypsum (1% and 2% w/w), anhydrite (1% and 2% w/w), calcite (1% and 2% w/w), perlite (1% and 2% w/w), vermicompost (5% and 10% w/w) and animal manure (5% and 10% w/w). Maize was used as the test plant. Maize plant was harvested approximately 60 days after planting and analysis of dry matter production and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper were made. According to the results of the research, the highest dry matter production was determined at 15.4 g pot-1 and 10% of the vermicompost application. This application was followed by conventional fertilizer application (13.64 g pot-1). In addition, vermicompost application in general had higher values in macro and micro element concentrations of maize plant.

Until the deep-rooted reforms started during the Selim III era, the Ottoman health system was based on the value series of the Seljuk era. The health institutions of the era, named Dârüşşifâ, bimarhâne and timarhâne, were not official state institutions. Still, they were established through the donations of bureaucrats and members of the public. Established in the classical period, the institution of ‘Hekimbaşılık (Chief Physicianship)’ mainly served to organize the health services of the palace and the army. During this period, when the state did not meet the health-related needs of people in Europe and the Ottoman State for an extended amount of time, people's health and treatment requirements were addressed through physicians, surgeons, and foundation hospitals in larger towns. Moving towards rural areas and greater masses, this duty was assumed by sheikhs, hodja, ocaklı, and healers who performed what could be described as traditional medicine or folk medicine. In Turkish communities, the origins of folk medicine date back to Shamanic Kams, who were believed to have supernatural powers in religious and worldly terms. Folks in those times believed that Shamans were men devoted to religion, exorcised evil spirits and had healing abilities. The majority of the population was in this belief. Despite the process of Islamization in the following periods, these beliefs were not forgotten completely but rather continued their existence by being adapted into Islamic beliefs. In this context, Shamans have continued their treatment duties mostly as ocaklı, but they assigned their religious tasks and healing duties to the Islamic guardian cult. This way, Sufis became a significant part of traditional folk medicine in Seljuk and the Ottoman era. Through the lodges and monasteries they established, Sufis integrated into social life in the Ottoman era. They performed countless important tasks for the community and the state, ranging from a settlement of nomads to transportation, accommodation of guests to securing secluded areas, and treatment of numerous psychological and physical diseases. The people strongly believed that Sufis were men of God, miracle workers, and protectors. This belief was foremost important for the acceptance of their healing abilities. As such, members of the public were seeking help from Sufis for all kinds of health issues, including mental problems, stomachaches, headaches, pain in different parts of the body, children’s health problems, infertility and behaviour disorders leading to domestic issues to epidemics. So much so that the curing capabilities of Sufis have sometimes been supported by the state and gained an official status. Hence the purpose of this study is to review the folk medicine aspect of Sufis in the Ottoman historic sphere and to reveal the treatment methods they used for several conditions. The subject has been explained under two main headlines; one consisting of spiritual practices such as prayer, dhikr, nazar, ruqya and shrine visitations, and the other one consisting of apparent practices such as fasting, herbal mixtures, and so on. While conducting this study, chronicles, Sufi works, memoirs of the era, archives and modern studies have been reviewed.

Acculturation is defined as adaptation within a new and different society. Acculturation has effects on both physical and mental health of immigrants. The aim of the study is to examine the acculturation, perceived stress, and obesity behaviors of Meskhetian immigrants living in America. In the study conducted with the participation of 109 Ahıska Turkish participants, the predictive factors of obesity, acculturation and perceived stress were measured. Obtained data were analyzed with SPSS program using independent sample t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and regression tests. As a result of the analyzes, it was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between obesity and age, gender, socio-economic status, physical activity, acculturation, and perceived stress. However, the findings revealed a significant relationship between daily consumption of vegetables, fruits and hamburgers, cheeseburgers or meatballs and obesity. In addition, weekly vegetable consumption, monthly hamburger, cheeseburger, or meat consumption were found to be significantly associated with moderate/morbid obesity. The findings are discussed in terms of their contribution to understanding the psychological disorders and eating habits that affect the health of minority and immigrant groups in the USA because of acculturation.

Today, comments can be made on many topics on web platforms with the development of the internet. Analyzing the data of these comments is essential for companies and data scientists. There are many methods for analyzing data. Recently, language models have also been used in many studies for sentiment analysis or text classification. In this study, Turkish sentiment analysis is performed using language models on hotel and movie review datasets. The language models are chosen because they are rarely used in Turkish literature. The pre-trained BERT, ALBERT, ELECTRA, and DistilBERT models for the Turkish language are trained and tested with these datasets. In addition, a text filtering method, which removes the words that can provide the opposition sentiment in the positive or negative labeled text, is proposed for sentiment analysis. These datasets obtained by this method are also retrained with language models and the accuracy values of their models are measured. The results of this study are compared with previous studies using the same datasets. As a result of the analysis, the accuracy values obtain state-of-the-art results with language models compared to previous studies. The best performance has been achieved by training the ELECTRA language model using the proposed text filtering method.

Bu araştırma emeğin yoğun olduğu bir sektör olan Turizm sektörünün önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan oteller ve bu otellerde çalışan personelleri kapsamakta olup, bu araştırma iş tatminini etkileyen faktörler, turistlerin tutum ve davranışlarının personellerin iş tatminlerine, performanslarına ve çalışmalarındaki verimlilikleri üzerindeki etkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Van ilinde bulunan otellerde çalışan personeller oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada evrenin tümüne ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma nicel bir araştırma olup; araştırmada anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın verileri çalışanların demografik özelliklerine, iş tatminine yönelik ifadelerine ve çalışanların turistlere ilişkin ifadelerinden oluşan anket formları ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda iş tatminini etkileyen faktörlerin çalışanlar üzerinde etkisinin olduğu ve turistlerin olumlu ya da olumsuz tutum ve davranışlarının otel çalışanları üzerinde etkisinin olumlu ya da olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır.

The nonlinear behavior of semi-active magneto-rheological (MR) absorbers should be described for improving control algorithms. Also, overheating in the working conditions of the MR absorber due to current excitation and high damping velocity seriously changes the characteristic of the MR fluid and causes problems for controllability. The relationship between damping performance and temperature must be defined in the control algorithms that control the absorber when used in a system such as structure, vehicle, and medical haptic. In this work, a new methodology has been presented to describe dynamic behaviours of MR absorber depending on temperature based on the Bouc-Wen model. Seven parameters in the Bouc-Wen model have been evaluated depending on temperature. Thus, damper force has been defined depending on temperature with a single equation that significantly simplifies the control process. When the experimental and the model results have been compared, it was shown that the error rates varied between %0.89 and %8.4. The average errors of the displacement, time and velocity have been 1.75%, 6.6%, and 4.4%, respectively. © 2022, Gazi Universitesi. All rights reserved.

Adrenocortical tumor (ACT) is a rare malignant tumor which usually present with Cushing syndrome and virilization. Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) due to neoplasms can occur with peptides or cytokines secreted by the tumor. Here, we report a 13-month-old-male presented with severe masculinization. He had signs of precocious puberty with enlarged testicles, very high testosterone levels but low levels of gonadotrophins, and elevated β-hCG. He underwent a left nephrectomy. The histopathological evaluation revealed a diagnosis of adrenocortical neoplasm. The levels of androgens and β-hCG normalized after the resection of tumor, and the clinical findings improved within few months. We report the first pediatric patient with peripheral precocious puberty due to an ACT that secretes β-hCG as PNS. A β-hCG secreting ACT can cause severe virilization due to increased gonadal androgens stimulated by β-hCG as well as due to increased adrenal androgens from the tumor.

Congenital anomalies and variations should be kept in mind when evaluating diseases in the pediatric patient group. A 12 years old girl presented with findings of acut abdomen. Clinical and laboratory data were consistent with acute pancreatitis. Imaging findings showed a peristaltic cystic tissue with a thick wall and central lumen in the head of the pancreas. In the operation, it was shown that this cystic lesion was associated with the accessory pancreatic duct and had no duodenal connection. In the pathology report, the presence of duodenal intestinal tissue compatible with a duplication cyst located in the head of the pancreas was proven. By sharing this rare case, keeping in mind the underlying congenital anomalies in any pathology in children and emphasizing the importance of ultrasonographic dynamic real-time examination in abdominal imaging.

The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of state and trait probable clinical anxiety and their relationship with socio-demographic factors, attitude-behaviour, coping styles and social support level in high-risk pregnant women in the late period of COVID-19 pandemic. The pregnant women followed up in the gynaecological outpatient clinic were evaluated during their admissions. About 191 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Data were collected using the socio-demographic and pregnancy attitude-behaviour data form, STAI (Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), the Coping Styles Scale Brief Form (Brief-COPE) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Our study found that pregnant women had high anxiety levels (STAI-S:37.90 +/- 8.88; STAI-T:42.46 +/- 7.80) and probable clinical anxiety prevalences (STAI-S:81(42.4%); STAI-T:123(64.4%)) in the late period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The fact that COVID-19 determined the preference of the birth method and the level of knowledge about COVID-19 predicted state probable clinical anxiety. Educational status, concern for COVID-19 transmission to the baby during pregnancy/birth, behavioural disengagement, focussing on and venting emotions predicted trait probable clinical anxiety. Our results have emphasised the factors that should be taken into account and coping styles that may be functional to protect the mental well-being of healthy pregnants.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to increase the symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression of the general population and healthcare workers. There is limited studies about pregnant women. What do the results of this study add? According to our study, we can say that approximately half of the pregnant women in a pandemic need psychiatric evaluation due to probable clinical anxiety. The relationship between anxiety in the pandemic process and birth preference has been shown and coping styles in healthy pregnant women have been investigated for the first time, effective and ineffective coping styles have been shown. In addition, it has been found that the social support of pregnant women is effective in managing the pandemic process. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? According to our current findings, a multidisciplinary approach in which pregnant women are screened with self-report psychiatry tests and appropriate pregnant women are consulted to psychiatry during pandemic processes will make it easier for obstetricians to manage the patient. Especially strengthening effective coping styles and social support will have a great effect in mental rehabilitation. In this respect, further studies on pregnant women are needed.

The treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures (UITF) is a controversial issue in the current literature. The aim of this study was to compare the curative effects of distal fixation modular stem (DFMS) hemiarthroplasty with proximal femoral nailing (PFN) on UITFs in the elderly. From February 2017 to November 2019, 98 elderly (≥65 years) patients with UITF were included in this single-center retrospective cohort study. Mean follow-up duration was 24.1±11.9 months. Patients were divided into the DFMS group (52 patients) and the PFN group (46 patients). In the DFMS group, trochanteric fixation was performed using a trochanteric cable plate system. Primary outcome measures included Harris hip score (HHS), mobility score, implant related complications and mortality. Secondary outcome measures included hospitalization duration, surgical time and transfusion rate. Mean age of the patients was 78.7±7.2 years (65-96 years). DFMS group had longer surgical time, higher transfusion rates and longer hospital stays (p

In developing countries, consumption habits have changed with the increase in population, the development of technology and industrialization. For this reason, good management of the increase in the amount of solid waste by municipalities is very important for the health and sustainability of nature. The location of the facility to be established is important for the regular storage and efficient disposal of solid wastes. Site selection of landfill facilities in the ‘Site Management and Operation Guide for Landfill Facilities’ published by the General Directorate of Environmental Management; The ratio of the volume to the area, the distance to the buildings, the wind direction, the external view (landscape), the effect on the traffic on the side, the profit from the finished facility, and the effect on the water are evaluated under the sub-headings. With the ‘Konya Solid Waste Management Project’, ‘Aslım Sanitary Landfill’, which was used until 2017, was closed. Instead, the ‘Konya Solid Waste Landfill Site’, which was established in a different region to meet the need, was put into operation. In the study to be carried out in this context; Both fields were evaluated according to the specified criteria and compared with each other using the Analytical Hierarchy Method. As a result, it is aimed that the success rate of the location selection of the new solid waste storage area will be revealed and it will be a base for similar studies to be done in the future.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the first trimester markers that may be associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to evaluate whether those markers might be used for prediction of gestational diabetes or not. Methods: Pregnant women between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation applying to the university hospital between August 2018 and March 2019 were included in the study. Body mass index calculation and blood tests including complete blood count, TSH, T3, T4, HbA1c, uric acid, CRP, procalcitonin, PAPP-A and b-hCG levels were done during assessment followed by 50 grams of glucose challenge test between the 24 and 28 weeks of gestation for each woman. Patients with positive results were further evaluated with a 3-hour, 100-g OGTT. According to the diagnostic test results, the relationship between biochemical markers during the first trimester, BMI and GDM was statistically analyzed. Results: A hundred and eighty-two pregnant women participated in the study. Fifty-four women had positive glucose challenge test (GCT) results while 128 women had negative results. Pregnant women with positive GCT results underwent 3-hour, 100-g OGTT and, 24 pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM, while 158 pregnant women were considered healthy according to the results. There was no statistically significant difference between GDM and non-GDM groups in terms of age, height, TSH, T3, T4, b-hCG-mom, PAPP-A, PAPP-A-mom, uric acid and procalcitonin (p>0.05). The mean body weight, body mass index and HbA1c levels were higher and b-hCG levels were lower in the GDM group compared to the non-GDM group, and these findings were statistically significant (p

Ekzopolisakkaritler (EPS), mikroorganizmalar tarafından hücre dışı olarak sentezlenen ve sağlık üzerinde olumlu etkileri olan polisakkaritlerdir. Düşük konsantrasyonlarda bile sentezlenen ekzopolisakkaritler, gıda ürünlerinin yapısını iyileştirme etkisine sahiptir. Böylece nihai ürünün dokusal özelliğini herhangi bir katkı maddesi kullanmadan istenilen şekilde geliştirerek tüketicilerin ihtiyaç ve taleplerini karşılamak mümkün olduğu gibi insan sağlığına da olumlu faydalar sağlamaktadır. EPS üreten mikroorganizmaların fermente süt ürünleri üretiminde kullanımına yönelik çalışmaların sayısı giderek artmaktadır. Ancak fermente süt ürünlerinde kazeinler ile ekzopolisakkaritler arasındaki etkileşimi açıklayan yeterli çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu derlemede, ekzopolisakkaritler, fonksiyonel özellikleri ve yoğurt dokusunun oluşumunda kritik faktör olan kazein ile ekzopolisakkaritlerin etkileşimi ve buna bağlı olarak serum ayrılması, gevşek yapı gibi istenmeyen sorunlara karşı etkileri araştırılmıştır., Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are polysaccharides synthesized extracellularly by microorganisms and have positive effects on health. Exopolysaccharides produced even at low concentrations have the effect of improving the structure of food products. Thus, it is possible to meet the needs and demands of consumers by developing the textural feature of the final product as desired without using any additives, as well as positive benefits for human health. The number of studies on the use of EPS-producing microorganisms in the production of fermented milk products is increasing. However, there are not enough studies explaining the interaction between caseins and exopolysaccharides in fermented milk products. In this study, the effects of exopolysaccharides and their functional properties were investigated in order to prevent undesirable problems such as serum separation and loose structure caused by the interaction of caseins and exopolysaccharides, which are critical factors in the formation of yoghurt texture.

The concept of grit has becomea widely investigated topic in mental health and education in recent years. This study aims to develop a tool for measuring grit in high school and university students and to examine the measurement invariance of the developed scale on two different groups. A total of 586 high school students (411 female, 70%; 175 male, 30%) and 639 (437 female, 63%; 202 male, 37%) university students participated in the study. Grit Scale, Short Grit Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated that 14-item Grit Scale with three sub-dimensions explained 61.88% of the variance. The dimensions in the scale were named Perseverance, Commitment to Goals, and Consistency of Interest. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-dimensional structure of the Grit Scale fit the data well, with measurement invariance between the high school and university student groups. Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients of the total score and sub-dimensions of the scale were found as .87, .85, .84, and .75, respectively. Convergent validity was evaluated by calculating the zero-order correlation between the Grit Scale and Short Grit Scale and a significantly high positive correlation was found (r= .655, p< .001).

Histological evidence of osteodystrophy and osteopenia is encountered in most patients who have undergone successful renal transplantation. Renal transplantation may be beneficial for correcting uremia-related problems in end-stage renal disease patients; however, its benefit is limited in bone metabolism disorders. The present study aims to evaluate bone mass measurements and investigate the influencing factors in patients with renal transplant. One hundred and eighteen patients (83 males and 35 females) with a mean age of 40.2 ± 11.8 yr (range 20-67) were included in the present study. The laboratory and the clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. The association between bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and the demographic characteristics of the patients, serum creatinine, parathormone, calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the glomerular filtration rate were evaluated. Of the patients, 23.7% (n =28) had normal, 48.3% (n = 57) had osteopenic and 28% (n = 33) had osteoporotic BMD values. A significant positive correlation was determined between the body mass index (BMI) and the BMD measurement results (p = 0.001; r = 0.385). A negative correlation was determined between the BMD values and the serum parathormone (p = 0.012; r = -0.237). BMD values were significantly lower in the group that had not received mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor (p = 0.026). Conclusion: BMI values, mTOR inhibitor treatment and serum parathormone levels had an effect on the BMD measurement values.

Although the egg is a cheap food source, it is one of the valuable nutritional sources for people because of its rich nutritional values. It is also among the most consumed foods in daily nutrition. With the increase in egg production, it is very difficult to collect them with the human power in the egg production farms, to classify them according to their weights and to separate the defective (dirty and broken) eggs. Therefore, the mechanization has become a necessity in large capacity production farms. Cracks and fractures may occur in the egg shell as a result of exposure to external factors such as the transportation of eggs. The cracks or fractures that are formed leave the egg vulnerable to disease-causing micro-organisms. Before the egg sorting and packing, the broken and cracked eggs must be separated. This process is commonly carried out with manpower by which it is very difficult to obtain the necessary efficiency. In this study, the egg crack detection was performed by using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). As a result of the application of studied methods, the accuracy values of crack detection process were 0.99 for ANN and 1 for SVM. In addition, a data acquisition and processing program was developed in LABVIEW environment to detect cracks in real time.

Organik gübrelerin sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim için önemi yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı organik gübrelerin mısır bitkilerinin büyüme ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Çalışmada üç farklı organik gübre (sığır gübresi, vermikompost ve leonardit) ve bunların dozları (2.500, 5.000, 7.500 ve 10.000 kgha-1) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca kontrol uygulamaları olarak konvansiyonel uygulama ve gübresiz uygulama yapılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Organik gübre uygulamalarının ikinci yıldaki etkisini belirlemek için 2018 yılında gübrelemeler tamamlanmış olup, 2019 yılında gübreleme yapılmamıştır. Araştırmada; bitki boyu, koçan çapı, koçanda tane ağırlığı, 1000 tane ağırlığı, tane verimi, protein oranı, yağ oranı ve karbonhidrat oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu özellikler sırasıyla 180.72-157.87 cm, 39.38-33.59 mm, 117.1-62.2 gr, 261.2-237.1 gr, 4416.8-1712.9 kgha-1, %7.8-5.9, %2.5-2.1 ve %74.7-73.8 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yağ oranı ve protein oranı açısından vermikompostun 2.500 kg ha-1 ve 5.000 kg ha-1 dozları en yüksek değerlere sahip olurken, karbonhidrat oranı için 10.000 kg ha-1 leonardit uygulaması en yüksek değere sahip olmuştur. Genel olarak bitkisel özellikler açısından en yüksek değerler ise konvansiyonel gübreleme uygulamasından elde edilmiştir., The importance of organic fertilizers for sustainable agricultural production is an undeniable fact. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different organic fertilizers on the growth and quality properties of maize plants. Three different types of organic fertilizers; cattle manure, vermicompost and leonardite, and their doses of 2.500, 5.000, 7.500 and 10.000 kgha-1 were used in the experiment. In addition, conventional production and non-fertilized production were used as control applications. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiments were repeated to assess the residual effects of the treatments. Fertilizers were applied in 2018 to determine the residual effects of organic fertilizer applications in the second year. In the research; plant height, ear diameter, ear grain weight, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein ratio, oil ratio and starch ration were examined. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different organic fertilizers on the yield components and grain content of the corn plant. These features varied between 180.72-157.87 cm, 39.38-33.59 mm, 117.1-62.2 g, 261.2-237.1 g, 4416.8-1712.9 kg ha-1, 7.8-5.9%, 2.5-2.1% and 74.7-73.8%, respectively. According to the results, the 2500 kgha-1 and 5000 kgha-1 doses of vermicompost had the highest values for the oil ratio and protein ratio, on the other hand the leonardite application of 10.000 kgha-1 for the starch ration had the highest value. Generally, conventional fertilizer application had the highest values for yield components.

Today, there are changes in the expectations of tourists from their travels and their understanding of tourism. Nature tourism is a type of tourism that attracts attention as a form of tourism that connects people with nature and offers them a nature experience. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to determine the routes where nature walks can be made in Giresun province and to reveal the hiking maps. It is thought that the study is important in terms of being based on primary data and contributing to the development of nature tourism in Giresun. As a research method, a descriptive research approach and scanning model were adopted in terms of their purposes. The data in the study were obtained through field investigations carried out between 2013-2019. The routed routes were first determined from the map, walked with the group, GPS records were extracted and processed on the map with the Google Earth application. The data obtained by using the participatory observation technique and field investigation were examined within the scope of the study. As a result of the study, 25 new walking routes were determined. Of the detected routes, 5 were rated as difficult, 9 as medium and 11 as easy. Walking routes consist of asphalt and stabilized roads on the village or highland roads and paths in natural areas. There are meadow, plateau and forest ecosystems on the routes, flora and fauna observations can be made and local architectural elements can be encountered.

The purpose of the study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of Scillaren-A in rats. A total of 32 female Wistar albino rats were used to develop acute toxicity for 48 h. The rats were randomly divided into four groups including n=8 / each group (G.I-G.IV). Toxicity groups (G.I, G.II, and G.III) and control group (G.IV) were established. The experimental groups were intoxicated with scillaren A, corn cob powder, and their combinations, respectively. The rats in the control group were remained intoxicated and fed with standard pellets. The experiment was ended 48 hours after the intoxication. Histopathological findings in vital organs (liver, kidney, lung, heart, brain) and then other organs (intestine, spleen) were evaluated. Tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin (pH=7.2) and embedded in paraffin. The histopathologic findings were evaluated on the standard H&E stained sections. The major histopathological changes, vascular changes including hyperemia and haemorrhagia, alterative changes including degeneration and necrosis, inflammation, some regenerative and reparative changes including hyperplasia and fibrosis in organs were scored. It is believed that both formulations can be effective on death later on, be utilized as a rodenticide without environmental toxic effect, and be consumed rapidly by rats due to their attractive chemical traits.

Sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim toprak kaynaklarının rasyonel kullanımı ile mümkündür. Bu kaynakların bilinçsiz kullanımı dış etkenlere karşı duyarlılığını artırmakta ve tarımsal üretimi kısıtlamaktadır. Toprak kaynaklarının dış etkenlere karşı muhafaza edilmesinde ve geliştirilmesinde en önemli kaynak organik materyallerdir. Toprakların organik madde içeriklerinin azalması ile toprakların fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri olumsuz etkilemektedir. Toprakların fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesinde kullanılabilecek materyallerden birisi de organik madde içeriği yüksek (%84.1) olan pirinadır. Pirina zeytin üreten tesislerde atık olarak çıkan organik kökenli bir materyaldir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; kumlu-tın tesktürlü bir toprağa pirina uygulayarak toprakların nem sabiteleri, kıvam indeksleri, su geçirgenliği, aşınabilirlik parametreleri, organik madde miktarı ve pH değerlerine olan etkileri incelemektir. Araştırmada pirina farklı oranlarda (%2, %4, %6 ve %8) kumlu tın tekstürlü bir toprağa uygulanmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak saksılarda yürütülmüştür. Çalışma başlangıcından 7 ay sonra alınan toprak analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde; hidrolik iletkenlik, tarla kapasitesi, yarayışlı su, agregat stabilitesi, likit limit, plastik limit ve organik madde değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde (p

2018 yılında Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Araştırma alanında yürütülen çalışmada organik düzenleyicilerden leonardit, solucan ve sığır gübresi kullanılmıştır. Organik düzenleyiciler 250 kg da-1, 500 kg da-1, 750 kg da-1 ve 1000 kg da-1 oranında toprağa uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada kumlu killi tın bünyeli toprağa farklı organik düzenleyici uygulanarak toprakların nem sabiteleri ve hidrolik iletkenlik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında deneme parsellerinden leonardit, solucan ve sığır gübresi uygulamaları öncesinde alınan toprak örnekleri 6 aylık inkübasyon sonrası incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre, toprakların organik madde (%), tarla kapasitesi (%), hidrolik iletkenlik (cm h-1) ve yarayışlı suiçeriği (%) artan leonardit, solucan ve sığır gübresi uygulamaları ile artış göstermiştir. Ayrıca toprak değişkenleri (tarla kapasitesi, yarayışlı su, hidrolik iletkenlik ve organik madde) ile gübre uygulamaları arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p

According to presented numerical studies in the literature, the solution of Burgers Equation (BE) performed for dt=0.001 and dt=0.0001 commonly. In this study, numerical solution of BE carried out by using the Iterative Differential Quadrature Method (I-DQM), as dt=0.01. Convergence speed and accuracy of iterative methods depends on the initial guess. Every Partial Differential Equation (PDE) describes one or more than one physical problems from the perspective of the engineering view. Unlike the previous iterative studies, in this work, an initial guess value is used in accordance with the physical nature of the discussed problem by using curve fitting. Absolute error analysis of obtained results performed for comparison with some previous studies. The consequence of comparisons shows that more accurate results and faster solution than other studies could be obtained by using I-DQM with curve fitting initial guess.

Bu çalışmada, okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının araştırma becerileriyle Türkiye’deki geleneksel çocuk oyunlarını tespit etmeleri ve bu çerçevede Okul Öncesi ve Sosyal Bilgiler dersleri için kültür aktarımı yapabilen ulusal çocuk oyunları dijital atlası oluşturmaları amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için ADDIE öğretim tasarımı modeline göre geliştirilen Seyyah (İneç, 2012) adlı web haritalama uygulaması Hızlı Prototipleme öğretim tasarımı modeli (HPÖTM) baz alınarak değiştirilmiş ve çoklu ortam ögelerinin yapılandırılabildiği ve paylaşılabildiği geo-medya tabanlı dijital bir Türkiye atlasına dönüştürülmüştür. HPÖTM’ye göre ilk aşamada çalışmanın ihtiyaç ile içerik analizleri yapılmış, ikinci aşamada elde edilen bulgular üzerinden oluşturulan algoritma ile prototip tasarım oluşturulmuştur. Sonraki aşamada prototipin çalışma durumu sınanmıştır. HPÖTM’nin son aşamasında ise çalışma için bir eylem araştırması yürütülmüştür. 2019-2020 akademik yılının bahar döneminde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın çalışma grubunu maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi ile belirlenen elli sekiz okul öncesi eğitimi lisans öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Öğrenciler araştırma becerisiyle elde ettikleri verileri, yaratıcı drama yöntemiyle kurgulayarak çoklu ortama dönüştürmüş ve bunları Seyyah’a yüklemiştir. Şehirlere göre gerçekleştirilen yüklemeler çalışmanın verisi olarak değerlendirilerek betimsel ve içerik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular, geleneksel çocuk oyunlarının çoğunlukla; sosyal ve duygusal gelişim alanına hitap ettiğini, arkadaş çevresinden ve Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinden derlendiğini, altı kişi ile doğal nesnelerle, gündüz ve açık alanlarda oynandığını göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur., This study aimed to enable pre-school teacher candidates to identify traditional children's games in Turkey with their research skills. The study sought to create a national digital atlas of children's games that can transfer culture for social studies and Turkish education lessons in this framework. In this context, the web mapping application named Seyyah (İneç, 2012), developed according to the ADDIE instructional design model was modified following the Rapid Prototyping Instructional Design Model (tRPidm). Seyyah was transformed into a geo-media-based digital atlas of Turkey, where multimedia elements can be configured and shared. Following tRPidm, content analyses were conducted in the first stage, and a prototype design was created with the algorithm created on the findings obtained in the second stage. In the next step, the working condition of the prototype was tested. In the final stage of tRPidm, action research was conducted for the study. The study was carried out in the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year, and fifty-eight pre-school undergraduate students selected according to the maximum variation sampling participated in the study. The students transformed the data they obtained with their research skills into multimedia by constructing them with the creative drama method and uploaded the content to the Seyyah. The uploads made according to the cities were evaluated, and the data was subjected to descriptive and content analysis. Findings showed that traditional children's games mainly address social and emotional development. The games were mostly compiled from students' peers and the Eastern Anatolia Region, and the games were played with six people with natural objects, during the daytime and in open areas. Some implications were provided based on the study findings.

Asidik topraklarda tarımsal üretimin sürdürülebilirliği için pH’nın iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Asit karakterli toprakların pH, kireç, alınabilir Ca ve diğer bazı özelliklerini iyileştirmek için, toprak pH değerini artıran materyallere ihtiyaç vardır. Bu materyallerden birisi de gidyadır. Gidya; Afşin-Elbistan termik santralinde atık madde olarak açığa çıkmakta olup %30-40 kireç ve %40-50 organik madde içermektedir. Gidyanın bölgedeki rezervinin 4.8 milyar ton olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı miktarlarda uygulanan gidyanın toprağın pH, makro (Ca, Mg, K) ve mikro besin (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) elementleri üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Araştırma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine kurulmuş olup saksılara %0, 1, 2, 4 dozlarında gidya uygulanarak üç tekerrürlü olarak sera koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Altı aylık inkubasyon süresi sonunda saksılardan toprak örnekleri alınarak, toprakların pH, kireç, organik madde, değişebilir Ca, Mg, K, DTPA ile ekstrakte edilebilir Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Uygulama dozlarına bağlı olarak toprak pH'sı, kireç, organik madde ve değişebilir Ca içeriği istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde (p, Acidic soils need to be improved of pH in order to maintian sustainable agricultural production. In order to ameliorate the pH, lime, available Ca and some other properties of acidic soils, materials that increase the soil pH value are needed. One of these organic substances is gyttja. Gyttja contains 30-40% CaCO3 and 40-50% organic matter, which is generated as waste in the Afşin Elbistan thermal power plant and its reserve is estimated to be 4.8 billion tons. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of applying different amounts of gyttja on soil pH, macro (Ca, Mg, K) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) elements. A pot experiment was conducted as a comletely randomized design with four different doses of the gyttja (0, 1, 2 and 4%) and three replications. After 6 months of incubation period under greenhouse conditions, soil samples were taken from the pots. The chemical properties such as pH, lime, organic matter, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, DTPA-extractable Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn contents were analyzed. Soil pH, lime, organic matter and exchangeable Ca significantly (p

Araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarının ebeveynlerin beklentilerinin karşılanmasına yönelik hizmet ve kalite düzeyini değerlendirmektir. Araştırma ebeveynlerin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, çocuk sayısı ve gelir düzeylerinin okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarından aldıkları hizmetin kalitesini hangi boyutlarda değerlendirdiklerini ne derece etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında İzmir, Diyarbakır, Zonguldak, Kahramanmaraş ve Karaman illerinde yaşayan 428 anne-baba oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, ebeveynlerin okul öncesi eğitim kurumunun beklenti düzeylerini ölçmek amacıyla kişisel bilgi formu ve Servqual Hizmet Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ebeveynlerin kurumdan beklentileri artarken, beklentilerin karşılama düzeylerinin de arttığı ve kurumlardan beklentilerini karşılamada algının, kurumdan beklentilerin üzerinde etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.