Search

La presente revisión narrativa resume los efectos de los cambios agudos y crónicos que la hipoxia hipobárica tiene en grandes altitudes en el cuerpo humano. Se menciona que los nativos residentes en altitudes elevadas tienen valores elevados de testosterona y hemoglobina, lo que les permite adaptarse a la altura, y que los fallos fisiopatológicos placentarios pueden causar malformaciones congénitas en fetos. Los recién nacidos en altitud tienen baja saturación de oxígeno, lo que puede causar problemas cardiovasculares y respiratorios. La hipoxia hipobárica produce cambios en el sistema musculoesquelético, nervioso, endocrino, digestivo, renal como: cambio en la morfología del tórax, disminución del crecimiento óseo lineal, dolicomegacolon, vasodilatación arterial cerebral, aumento del volumen respiratorio entre otros. También se menciona cambios importantes en el equilibrio acido básico y metabolismo celular.

The fingerprint comes to be the most popular and utilized biometric for identifying persons owing to its bio-invariant characteristic, precision, as well as easy acquisition. A sub-system of an identification system is the classification stage in order to diminish the penetration rate and computational complexity. Actually, there are many formal investigations regarding techniques by exploiting convolutional neural networks (CNN) together with fingerprint images, which have superior performance metrics at the cost of large training times even employing high-performance computing, which is not feasible in the standard world. In our manuscript, researches about identifying and classifying fingerprint databases by recurring to extreme learning machines (ELM) will be extensively reported and discussed for the first time. The diverse methodologies (ELM plus feature extractors) given by the authors will be studied and contrasted considering performance analysis. Consequently, academic papers with diverse versions of ELMs are developed to observe the pros and cons that they exhibit with each other and to probe how they may help for minimizing the penetration rate of fingerprint databases. In fact, this issue is very relevant because enhancing the penetration rate means shorting search times and computational complexity in fingerprints.

Spurred by outstanding optical properties, chemical stability, and facile bioconjugation, plasmonic metals have become the first-choice materials for optical signal transducers in biosensing. While the design rules for surface-based plasmonic sensors are well-established and commercialized, there is limited knowledge of the design of sensors based on nanoparticle aggregation. The reason is the lack of control over the interparticle distances, number of nanoparticles per cluster, or multiple mutual orientations during aggregation events, blurring the threshold between positive and negative readout. Here we identify the geometrical parameters (size, shape, and interparticle distance) that allow for maximizing the color difference upon nanoparticle clustering. Finding the optimal structural parameters will provide a fast and reliable means of readout, including unaided eye inspection or computer vision. J.L.M.-P., N.Z., and J.A. acknowledge financial support from Spanish MICIN/AE/DOI 10.13039/501100004837, Reg. No. PID2019-107432GB-I00 and from the Department of Education of the Basque Government under Project IT1526-22. M.G. acknowledges Euskampus Foundation for financial support (Resilience COVID19). This work received computational support from DIPC's HPC cluster ATLAS, operated by DIPC Supercomputing Center.

El osteosarcoma es el tumor maligno primario más frecuente a nivel del sistema hueso, que se caracteriza por la formación de osteoide proveniente de células tumorales. Su principal localización es la metáfisis de los huesos largos; sin embargo, la parte proximal de la tibia es también una de las más afectadas con un 50% o 60% de los casos. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer un estudio de caso de un paciente masculino diagnosticado con osteosarcoma fusocelular localizado en diáfisis y epífisis proximal de la tibia que presentó signos y síntomas tres meses previos a la valoración, secundario a un traumatismo localizado en su miembro inferior. Desde el punto de vista imagenológico se observó imagen sugestiva de lesión tumoral metafisiaria que se extendió a la epífisis y al canal medular. Con el estudio histopatológico e imagenológico se concluyó que el paciente presentó un osteosarcoma fusocelular grado II en la tibia proximal derecha, que ameritó manejo quirúrgico y quimioterapia con buena respuesta clínica. Se evidencia la importancia de los avances científicos y biomédico, que han permitido un mejor manejo de estas enfermedades y un tratamiento que genera mejores condiciones de rehabilitación posquirúrgica y de expectativa de vida.

Se evaluó la prevalencia de infección por parásitos tripanosomátidos en Didelphis marsupialis y su relación con los aspectos morfológicos/etarios en una zona rural de El Carmen de Bolívar, Colombia. En cinco visitas (2018-2019)se instalaron trampas Tomahawk® en los ecótopos peridoméstico y silvestre en la Vereda El Alférez, durante tres noches consecutivas/visita. A los animales recolectados, se les determinaron medidas corporales, sexo y edad; y se les extrajo sangre por cardiopuntura, previa sedación, para extracción del ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) total y amplificación de la región conservada del ADN de minicírculos de kinetoplasto (ADNk) de parásitos tripanosomátidos. La asociación entre parámetros morfológicos de los didélfidos y su frecuencia de infección por parásitos tripanosomátidos fue determinada mediante una regresión binomial. Se recolectaron 30 individuos de D. marsupialis (60,0% hembras y 40,0% machos/66,7% adultos y 33,3% juveniles). El diagnóstico molecular reveló una frecuencia de infección por parásitos tripanosomátidos del 46,7%. El estadio (p=0,024) fue determinante para la infección. Se discute el papel de D. marsupialis como potencial reservorio de parásitos tripanosomátidos en la zona evaluada.

The generation of high-order harmonics in solid crystals has received considerable attention recently. Using a driver laser with 0.8 µm wavelength and 28 fs ultrashort pulses, we present experimental results, accompanied with theoretical considerations, suggesting that the actual sources of the harmonics are nanometer-sized localized and transient electronic states on the surface of the materials when the laser intensity is in the non-perturbative regime. Adaptation of the bond model of the harmonic generation into the non-perturbative regime and including the quantum features of the process provide a localized excitation approach that correctly describes the measured polarization dependence of the harmonic signal, reflecting the microscopic surface structure and symmetries of the examined materials.

En el presente documento se consignan las experiencias más relevantes del proceso de adopción del registro digital de datos en campo para el cultivo de palma de aceite. Se reconocen actores, etapas, éxitos y fracasos, que en su conjunto construyen el estado actual y las perspectivas de uso de una tecnología que ha permeado los diferentes ámbitos del manejo agronómico y es uno de los hitos de la adopción del enfoque de agricultura de precisión: CyberTracker, formularios digitales hechos a la medida para la palmicultura colombiana.

To conduct cost-utility and budget impact analysis of providing Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy versus no treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Colombia from a third-party payer perspective. We used a Markov model to assess the cost-utility and budget impact analysis of CPAP in patients over 40 years old with moderate to severe OSA. Data on effectiveness and utility values were obtained from published literature. A discount rate of 5% was applied for outcomes and costs. ICER was calculated and compared against the threshold estimated for Colombia, which is 86% of the GDP per capita. Over a lifetime horizon, the base case analysis showed the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained with CPAP therapy was COP$3,503,804 (USD$1,011 in 2020 prices). The budget impact analysis showed that the adoption of CPAP therapy in the target population would lead to a cumulative net budget impact of COP$411,722 million (USD$118,784,412 in, 2020 prices) over five years of time horizon. CPAP was cost-effective compared to no-treatment in OSA. According to the budget impact analysis, adopting this technology would require a budget allocation that is partially offset by reduced number of strokes and traffic accident events.

En los centros penitenciarios uno de los elementos fundamentales para la incorporación de los privados de libertad a los diferentes procesos y programas de reeducación, es la prisionización, (que es el proceso de adaptación al recinto penitenciario) y de cómo esto influye en la participación en procesos de formación y capacitación y en la interacción entre los internos. Sumado a esto va la motivación que se da desde el personal técnico como de los delegados de las personas privadas de libertad (PPLs), de las diferentes secciones para promover la asistencia y finalmente el tema del delito y el tiempo de permanencia. Para esto se aplicó la prueba de clima social de R. H. Moos. evaluando las áreas relacionales, autorrealización y estabilidad al cambio en 131privados de libertad de tres centros penitenciarios (La Paz, Oruro y Sucre) y un centro de custodia (Patacamaya) imputado por los delitos de feminicidio, violación, violación de niños y adolescentes y homicidio

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 constituye una patología de afección respiratoria que es transmitida por aerosoles contagiosos entre personas cuando se realizan acciones como toser, estornudar o llevar las manos contagiadas hacia la boca, nariz u ojos. El virus en cuestión se originó en Wuhan, China, por zoonosis a partir del murciélago. En enero del 2020 se logró realizar la secuencia del genoma vírico y debido a su rápida diseminación, la Organización Mundial de la Salud lo declaró pandemia en marzo del 2020. El presente artículo analiza la estructura del virus, así como sus variantes genéticas identificadas hasta la actualidad y distribución geográfica de los casos positivos para la infección en América Latina en el 2022. Del mismo modo, se estudia la epidemiología correspondiente a Ecuador y Latinoamérica, y la interacción que existe entre las distintas variantes del virus y las vacunas desarrolladas para el control de la infección y/o propagación.

El sobrepeso y la obesidad, con sus comorbilidades y complicaciones, constituyen en la actualidad un grave problema global de salud pública, sin embargo, se ha evidenciado que las tradicionales definiciones y métodos de diagnóstico utilizados en la práctica clínica cotidiana no permiten evaluar adecuadamente a los llamados fenotipos discordantes de la obesidad; dentro de estos, interesan los “falsos delgados”, individuos que a pesar de presentar un IMC dentro de parámetros adecuados para su edad y sexo, muestran una afectación metabólica importante. Esto se debe a una serie de particularidades presentes en estos sujetos las cuales modifican los mecanismos fisiológicos normales de reserva de lípidos en el cuerpo, produciendo una acumulación anómala de tejido graso visceral con un cuadro de resistencia insulínica, inflamación de bajo grado y alteraciones del perfil lipídico. De esta manera, se evidencia la necesidad de encontrar métodos de evaluación basados en la composición corporal y la utilización de biomarcadores tempranos que posibiliten un diagnostico e intervención oportunos.

La presente revisión narrativa tiene como objeto describir el rol de los micronutrientes y su relación con la respuesta inmunitaria en el individuo adulto con la finalidad de caracterizar su sitio de acción, función y repercusiones en la eficacia de la misma. Los micronutrientes son considerados elementos con una proporcionalidad mínima en los requerimientos nutricionales diarios, sin embargo su significancia va más allá de su valor numérico puesto que cumple un papel protagónico como mediador metabólico, bioquímico e inmunitario. El mantenimiento y el desempeño de la función inmunitaria natural y celular se ha correlacionado con elementos como : vitamina C con acciones de efecto antioxidante, vitamina D migración celular y neutrofílica, Zinc expresión de receptores linfocitarios para una respuesta efectiva celular, sulforafano acción proinflamatoria, quercetina inducción de enzimas antioxidantes de fase II, agente antiviral mediante inhibición de peroxidación lipídica y agregación plaquetaria. Resulta pertinente proporcionar niveles óptimos de los oligoelementos mediante la dieta balanceada y diversa y evitar caer en estados carenciales que merman la eficacia del sistema inmune .

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito determinar la incidencia de la biopolítica en la construcción de la cultura organizacional, y se basa fundamentalmente en analizar en cómo el poder se articula en el desarrollo de los equipos de trabajo de las organizaciones, en especial visto desde el enfoque tecnológico. La investigación se enmarca en una aproximación metodológica con enfoque cualitativo, y su acercamiento al trabajo de campo se consolida mediante un estudio analítico. A modo de reflexión la biopolítica es una red compleja, continua y multidireccional que define claramente la dinámica del desarrollo de las sociedades actuales, y en este sentido, las ciencias gerenciales, se convierten una ciencia social alternativa para indagar sobre este un tipo de sociedad. Es este punto en donde los líderes pueden encontrar un lenguaje distintivo para hacer florecer las habilidades de los miembros de sus equipos de trabajo a través del uso de la biopolítica a través de la influencia.

Advances in DNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics have revealed the enormous potential of microbes to produce structurally complex specialized metabolites with diverse uses in medicine and agriculture. However, these molecules typically require structural modification to optimize them for application, which can be difficult using synthetic chemistry. Bioengineering offers a complementary approach to structural modification but is often hampered by genetic intractability and requires a thorough understanding of biosynthetic gene function. Expression of specialized metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in heterologous hosts can surmount these problems. However, current approaches to BGC cloning and manipulation are inefficient, lack fidelity, and can be prohibitively expensive. Here, we report a yeast-based platform that exploits transformation-associated recombination (TAR) for high efficiency capture and parallelized manipulation of BGCs. As a proof of concept, we clone, heterologously express and genetically analyze BGCs for the structurally related nonribosomal peptides eponemycin and TMC-86A, clarifying remaining ambiguities in the biosynthesis of these important proteasome inhibitors. Our results show that the eponemycin BGC also directs the production of TMC-86A and reveal contrasting mechanisms for initiating the assembly of these two metabolites. Moreover, our data shed light on the mechanisms for biosynthesis and incorporation of 4,5-dehydro-l-leucine (dhL), an unusual nonproteinogenic amino acid incorporated into both TMC-86A and eponemycin.

[EN] Remote sensing offers important inputs for sugarcane yield estimation, since its temporal and spatial approaches allow monitoring the phenological cycle of the crop. The objective of this research was to apply an operational method for the estimation of sugarcane yield and sugar content through the combination of field variables with vegetation indices, calculated with the satellite sensors on board Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 in a cooperative from Costa Rica. In addition, historical harvest data and start months of phenological cycle were used to estimate sugarcane yield and sugar content per ton using multiple linear regressions. The integration of historical data and Simple Ratio (SR) vegetation index, calculated in different steps of the phenological cycle (in the months of September, December and January), allowed us to obtain an estimation model of sugarcane yield (tons of sugarcane per hectare) with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.64 and a RMSE of 8.0 tons/ha. While for sugar content (kilograms of refined sugar per ton) we obtained a R2 of 0.59 integrating historical variables and the vegetation indexes SR and Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI); in this case the RMSE was 4.9 kg/tons. Ultimately, this operational method of yield estimation provides tools for decision making before, during and after the harvest stage., [ES] La teledetección proporciona información de importancia en la estimación de rendimientos de caña de azúcar, ya que su abordaje temporal y espacial permite hacer el seguimiento del cultivo durante su ciclo fenológico. El objetivo de este trabajo era aplicar un método operativo para la estimación del rendimiento agrícola e industrial a través de la combinación de variables de campo con índices de vegetación, calculados con los sensores satelitales a bordo de Sentinel-2 y Landsat-8 en una cooperativa de Costa Rica. Se utilizaron además registros históricos de cosecha y meses de inicio del ciclo fenológico para estimar mediante regresiones lineales múltiples los rendimientos. La integración de registros históricos y el índice de vegetación Simple Ratio (SR), calculados en distintas etapas del ciclo fenológico (en los meses de septiembre, diciembre y enero), permitió obtener un modelo de estimación del rendimiento agrícola (toneladas de caña de azúcar por hectárea) con un coeficiente de regresión (R2) de 0,64 y un RMSE de 8,0 ton/ha. Mientras que para el rendimiento industrial (kilogramos de azúcar refinado por tonelada de caña de azúcar) se obtuvo un R2 de 0,59 integrando variables históricas y los índices de vegetación SR y Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI); en este caso el RMSE fue de 4,9 kg/ton. En definitiva, este modelo operativo de estimación de rendimientos proporciona herramientas para la toma de decisiones antes, durante y después de la etapa de cosecha., La Universidad de Costa Rica, a través de la Oficina de Asuntos Internaciones y Cooperación Externa (OAICE) ha financiado este trabajo, mediante el número de contrato OAICE-59-2021.

n application of mechanical energy was explored as a new non-thermal method to drive H2 emission from undoped sodium alanate at room temperature. It was found that mild rubbing of NaAlH4 pellets under vacuum led to intensive and almost instantaneous gas emission. The dominating species in the emitted gases was H2 (>99%). Traces of mono- and polyalanes, NaAlH4 vapours, CO2 and other non-identified gases were registered. H2 emission involved several first-order processes, whose characteristic time constants ranged widely from 0.6 to 465 s. None of the dehydrogenation reactions could be connected to either the thermal effect of friction or the direct coupling of mechanical forces to the energy landscape of chemical reactions. In turn, it was suggested that the tribochemical reactions can be triggered by plastic deformation and shearing. A linked diffusion-wear model of NaAlH4 triboinduced dehydrogenation, which consistently explains all empirical findings, was put forward., This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (grants PID2019-111063RB-I00, PID2020-112770RB-C22 and RTI2018-099794-B-I00) and the Basque Government via the EMAITEK Plus 2020 programme.

Purpose: No information is available on the torque/cadence relationship in road cyclists. We aimed to establish whether this relationship differs between cyclists of different performance levels or team roles. Methods: Mean maximal power (MMP) output data from 177 riders were obtained from 2012 to 2021 from training and competitions. Cyclists were categorized according to their performance level (world-tour [WT, n = 68], procontinental [PC, n = 63], or under 23 [U23, n = 46]) and team role (time trialists [n = 12], all-rounders [n = 94], climbers [n = 64], or team leaders [n = 7]). Results: A significant interaction effect was found for absolute and relative MMP (P P = .007, but with no post hoc differences) and absolute (P = .010) and relative torque (P = .002), with PC and WT showing significantly higher torque (all P P = .185) or relative torque (P = .559), but a significant interaction effect was found for absolute torque (P Conclusions: Differences in MMP between cycling performance levels and rider types are dependent on torque rather than cadence, which might support the role of torque development in performance.

Pesquisas sobre o ensino superior na América Latina e as políticas educacionais atuais, com as consequentes configurações no trabalho docente, manifestam as profundas influências no cotidiano dos professores universitários. Observam-se práticas de um alto grau de individualismo, competitividade e subordinação a uma lógica mercantilista que afeta as identidades historicamente construídas em torno da concepção do conhecimento como direito social, do caráter público da educação e de suas instituições. A centralidade do professor requer abordar os estudos a partir de uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica de corte qualitativo que possibilite o aprofundamento das situações singulares do trabalho docente, seus processos de trabalho, saberes e práticas. Este artigo socializa uma experiência formativa em cursos de pós-graduação para professores da Universidad Nacional de San Luis organizada por um projeto de pesquisa como atividade de transferência em 2018 e 2019. O valor da formação é observado a partir de uma ação reflexiva ao tornar visíveis as realidades múltiplas e heterogêneas do trabalho docente, evidenciando essa complexa trama desenvolvida pelos professores onde o cotidiano e o institucional se encontram. Valoriza-se a tentativa de resgatar possibilidades de constituição de sujeitos coletivos e práticas sociais relevantes em prol de um projeto de ensino que contemple o sentido profundo do ato educativo., Las investigaciones sobre la educación superior en Latinoamérica y las actuales políticas educativas, con las consecuentes configuraciones en el trabajo, evidencian profundas influencias sobre el cotidiano de los trabajadores de la institución universitaria. Se observan prácticas de alto grado de individualismo, competitividad y subordinación a una lógica mercantilista que afecta las identidades históricamente construidas en torno a la concepción del conocimiento como derecho social, al carácter público de la educación y sus instituciones. La centralidad del docente requiere abordar estudios desde una perspectiva teórico-metodológica de corte cualitativo que posibilite profundizar en las singulares situaciones del trabajo docente, sus procesos de trabajo, saberes y prácticas. Este escrito socializa una formación de posgrado, organizado desde un proyecto de investigación, para docentes de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis como actividad de transferencia en 2018 y 2019. Se observa el valor de la formación desde un accionar reflexivo al tornar visibles las múltiples y heterogéneas realidades del trabajo docente, evidenciando esa compleja trama desarrollada por los profesores donde lo cotidiano y lo institucional se encuentran. Asimismo, se valora el intento de rescatar posibilidades de constitución de sujetos colectivos y prácticas sociales relevantes a favor de un proyecto de docencia que contemple el sentido profundo del acto educativo., Researches about higher education in Latin America and the current educational policies show profound influences on the daily life of university professors, with the consequent configurations of their job. Teachers´ practices reveal high degrees of individualism, competitiveness and subordination to a business productive logic that affects the identities historically developed as regards the conception of knowledge as a social right, the public character of education and its institutions. Being the work of professors the focus of our studies, a qualitative methodological perspective is required in order to make our analysis possible concerning their work processes, practices and knowledge generation. This article aims at sharing a formation experience of a postgraduate course at Universidad Nacional de San Luis that was organized by the authors´ research project (2018 and 2019). Its value lies in promoting interchanges and reflections about the multiple and heterogeneous realities of everyday teachers´ work, making the complexity in which they generate knowledge evident in view of the present institutional conditions. Therefore, the attempt aims at creating possibilities for the constitution of a space where a collective of teachers can reflect on relevant social practices in favor of a public educational project.

La situación de calle es, para muchos, una de las expresiones más crudas de precariedad, pobreza y vulnerabilidad. El presente trabajo plantea una aproximación a las experiencias y estrategias de supervivencia de mujeres en situación de calle a partir de herramientas conceptuales aportadas por el enfoque de “activos-vulnerabilidad-estructura de oportunidades” (AVEO), con la finalidad de generar una lectura comprensiva de las especificidades de esta población. Para ello, se realizó un contraste entre la literatura y una serie de entrevistas a mujeres en situación de calle de la ciudad de Ibagué, Colombia. Se identificaron algunos de factores de vulnerabilidad y de violencia de género, y se describieron brevemente tres estrategias de supervivencia que propenden por el uso de diferentes activos con tal de afrontar las necesidades básicas en el día a día, tales como el uso de la oferta institucional existente, el recurso a las interacciones y las relaciones sociales y afectivas como forma de satisfacer las exigencias vitales inmediatas y el uso del cuerpo como un activo. Se evidencia una racionalidad práctica que orienta las formas de vida en la calle, a partir de la cual las mujeres logran sobrevivir en el marco de sus vulnerabilidades consabidas. Se concluye que es necesario continuar con la identificación de los factores de vulnerabilidad específicos de cada contexto territorial con tal de plantear intervenciones que amplíen y fortalezcan la estructura de oportunidades, y de esa forma, pensar en intervenciones que no se limiten al asistencialismo y la negación de la agencia de los actores. También, se abre la discusión de la adecuación del enfoque para analizar el papel de elementos como el cuerpo.

Esta propuesta busca lograr un concepto amplio de lo que se puede entender por ser pareja, ya que actualmente con tantas diversas formas de relacionamiento que hay entre las personas, se va diluyendo los distintos aspectos y elementos que confluyen en una relación de pareja como son, la atracción, la intimidad, la convivencia, el compromiso, el afecto, el respeto, la responsabilidad, el proyecto conjunto, el sentido del humor y la comunicación. Elementos que articulados e interaccionando, permiten que dos personas (hombre – mujer; mujer – mujer; hombre – hombre) logren una pareja sana, exitosa y placentera, puesto que, desde el concepto de PAReja, hablamos de dos personas, por lo que lo que plantean, poliamor o no binarios, no estarían en este concepto, sino como un tipo de relación o vínculo interpersonal de dos o más personas, que se perciben como tal. Esta reflexión, se hace a partir de los años de experiencia en la atención psicoterapéutica; en la atención y consejería de parejas y en la revisión bibliográfica, como una forma de no perder de vista la idea de pareja, que va generando más confusión en las personas, sobre todo al compararla con las nuevas formas de relaciones y vínculos interpersonales que surgen

El tema del perdón y la reconciliación es de gran importancia frente a la actual situación de la sociedad colombiana. Se hace indispensable pensar en estrategias que permitan vincular el escenario del posacuerdo y los resultados del Informe de la Comisión de la Verdad. Para tal efecto, propusimos un ejercicio de reflexión sobre las implicaciones que exige la implementación de procesos de paz, perdón y reconciliación. La metodología que utilizamos consistió en analizar diversos autores que nos permitieron delimitar los conceptos y observar sus consecuencias para el restablecimiento de los tejidos sociales. Como resultado obtuvimos que tanto perdón y reconciliación no pueden pensarse por separado, sino que se constituyen como condición de posibilidad para la recuperación del entramado social. Concluimos que es importante abrir espacios de diálogo que nos permitan formular estrategias pertinentes para construir la paz.

Antecedentes: la infección por SARS-CoV-2 es un tema de salud pública de actualidad que cobra importancia dada la posibilidad de afectación en población pediátrica, la evidencia limitada de la enfermedad en niños y la trascendencia en la transmisión viral comunitaria. Objetivo: identificar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes pediátricos que desarrollaron enfermedad por COVID-19. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo tipo serie de casos, se incluyeron 181 pacientes pediátricos con prueba RT-PCR positiva para infección por SARS-CoV-2 en la Subred Sur Occidente de Bogotá, D.C. (Colombia). Resultados: la enfermedad por COVID-19 en pediatría se presentó sin diferencia significativa entre sexos, con un nexo epidemiológico principalmente familiar, cuya presentación clínica se caracterizó por taquicardia, taquipnea e hipotensión. Paraclínicamente se encontró linfopenia y neutrofilia, e imagenológicamente los hallazgos radiológicos son inespecíficos, se observa compromiso, generalmente, del lóbulo inferior derecho y superior izquierdo. El 55 % presentó enfermedad no complicada y se estimó de manera general como posible población de riesgo a lactantes, preescolares, estratos socioeconómicos bajos y presencia de comorbilidades. El 42 % requirió hospitalización, con una estancia hospitalaria promedio de 5.32 días y 4.41 % internación en UCI, con una letalidad de 1.65 %. Conclusiones: la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en niños tiende a tener un curso más leve y con un buen pronóstico que en adultos, cuyo impacto engloba desde características clínicas (no complicadas) hasta las sociales. La evidencia disponible es escasa y restringe la extracción de conclusiones, por lo tanto, se reconoce que este estudio cumple con su objetivo de ser pilar para futuras investigaciones.

The COVID-19 pandemic has wrought substantial challenges on individuals and societies, including the academe. The pandemic required a sudden shift to remote learning. Teachers were called upon to support students' academic development and well-being throughout this shift while navigating adversity and stress in their own lives. The researchers aim to describe the factors affecting the relationship between Occupational Distress (OD) and Teaching Satisfaction (TS) among Physical Education teachers handling Junior and Senior High Schools in Angeles City with 150 respondents through a self-administered survey. Purposive or Convenience sampling was utilized to recruit respondents, while descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The researchers found that most respondents are women between 22 to 29 years old, female, and single. In terms of history, the majority of the respondents are ranked as Teacher I, working in public school, with a salary of 20,001-30,000 range; most of them have their bachelor's degree, handling junior high school students, and working for one (1) - three (3) years. The result shows that respondents' OD level is low while their level of TS is moderate. The study results show a significant moderate correlation between Teacher's Occupational Distress and Teacher's Teaching Satisfaction. Specifically, in terms of each variable, age and type of school substantially affect the Teachers' Occupational Distress. On the other hand, no variable significantly affects the Teachers' Teaching Satisfaction in terms of the demographic profile and teaching history.

The research highlights the importance of applying new trends, such as Business Intelligence & Data Analytics, within organizations and institutions to solve strategic and managerial decision-making problems. Based on this concept, a solution was developed for the curricular follow-up process in the Academic Direction of the Polytechnic State University of Carchi; in this sense, quantitative methodologies and Ralph Kimball's method were created for storage and analysis; and the ETL process was designed for the processing of the data obtained from the databases of the integrated computer system. Finally, control panels were developed through the Power BI tool to create dashboards. BI strategies were applied to deliver accurate information in real-time, easy to interpret, and oriented to satisfy the institutional requirements for the academic area.

BACKGROUND: Polymerization conditions affect the physical-mechanical properties of acrylic resins used for craniofacial prostheses. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microwave polymerization on the thermomechanical properties and surface morphology of ocular prostheses fabricated with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). METHODS: PMMA discs were polymerized with microwave energy and with conventional heat polymerization (CHP) method. Ocular prostheses were fabricated to determine whether there were changes according to the polymerization method. The surface morphology and roughness were observed under SEM and AFM. The Vickers Hardness number (VHN) and flexural strength were measured. Thermal properties were evaluated with TGA/DSC, and chemical composition with FTIR. RESULTS: The PMMA acrylic resin polymerized with microwave energy showed a smooth surface with some relief areas. In the internal surface of the ocular prosthesis with microwave energy the PMMA is more compact. The mean roughness values were higher and statistically significant with CHP (P

Las instalaciones educativas tienen un papel fundamental antes, durante y después de la ocurrencia de un fenómeno natural; por lo que se hace indispensable la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad física estructural de la edificación para en consecuencia saber cómo actuar y hacer frente a un evento sísmico. Esta investigación descriptiva y transversal tiene por objetivo evaluar la vulnerabilidad física estructural de las unidades educativas del cantón San Miguel en Ecuador ante la amenaza de sismos. La evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica se realizó siguiendo la metodología de evaluación técnico visual propuesta por la Agencia Federal para el Manejo de Emergencias de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, FEMA-15. Se determinó el índice y el nivel de vulnerabilidad, encontrándose que, la Unidad Educativa 24 de mayo presentó un valor de 4.4 y 15,4, al igual que la Unidad Educativa 10 de enero (vulnerabilidad leve); con un valor entre a 16,6 y 28,3 (vulnerabilidad moderada), la Unidad Educativa Ángel Polibio Chaves y Unidad Educativa Fiscomisional San Miguel respectivamente.

The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) produced by many Gram-negative pathogens are tripartite genotoxins with a single catalytic subunit (CdtB) and two cell-binding subunits (CdtA + CdtC). CDT moves by vesicle carriers from the cell surface to the endosomes and through the Golgi apparatus en route to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). CdtA dissociates from the rest of the toxin before reaching the Golgi apparatus, and CdtB separates from CdtC in the ER. The free CdtB subunit, which is only active after holotoxin disassembly, then crosses the ER membrane and enters the nucleus where it generates DNA breaks. We hypothesized that the acidified lumen of the endosomes is responsible for separating CdtA from the CdtB/CdtC heterodimer. To test this prediction, possible acid-induced disruptions to the CDT holotoxin were monitored by size exclusion chromatography and surface plasmon resonance. We found that CDT could not efficiently assemble from its individual subunits at the early endosome pH of 6.3. Partial disassembly of the CDT holotoxin also occurred at pH 6.3, with complete separation of CdtA from an intact CdtB/CdtC heterodimer occurring at both pH 6.0 and the late endosome pH of 5.6. Acidification caused the precipitation of CdtA at pH 6.5 and below, but neither CdtB nor CdtC were affected by a pH as low as 5.2. Circular dichroism further showed that the individual CdtB subunit adopts a different secondary structure as compared to its structure in the holotoxin. We conclude the first stage of CDT disassembly occurs in the early endosomes, where an acid-induced alteration to CdtA releases it from the CdtB/CdtC heterodimer.

To investigate the influence of road gradient on cycling power output in male professional cyclists, and to determine whether cyclist typology (i.e., flat or climbing specialist) moderates this influence.Observational study.Ninety-eight professional cyclists (27 ± 6 years; 53 flat and 45 climbing specialists). We collected power output data during both training sessions and competitions over 10 years (2013-2022). We determined the maximal mean power values attained for efforts lasting 1, 5, 10 and 20 min, during both level cycling and uphill cycling (average slopeor ≥5 %, respectively), as well as the average road gradients on which cyclists attained their maximal mean power.Maximal mean power values were higher during uphill cycling than during level cycling for all effort durations (difference ranging between 0.4 and 3.6 %, all p 0.003). This finding was confirmed for flat and uphill specialists separately (p 0.003 for both), with a similar increase in maximal mean power values between level cycling and uphill cycling in the two typologies except for longer efforts (≥10 min), in which maximal mean power values tended to increase more in climbers. Participants attained maximal mean power at an average slope of 6.0-7.3 %, with no differences between effort durations or cyclist typologies.Professional cyclists attain higher maximal mean power values on steep than on level road gradients regardless of their typology, with an average gradient of 6-7 % appearing optimal (or at least the most common) for achieving the highest maximal mean power values.

En Bolivia, (2018 – 2022) realizando una revisión sobre programas para personas privadas de libertad (PPL), desde un enfoque psicológico, penitenciario, criminal y criminológico, no se encuentra. De esta manera la Asociación ACEQUIA Capacitación, Investigación y Comunicación el año 2018, inicia acciones en Centros Penitenciarios, se propuso desarrollar una propuesta teórica que permita direccionar el trabajo en Centros penitenciarios, a partir de lo cual, se inicia la elaboración de un programa, y buscando respaldo teórico, construye la propuesta teórica, para el trabajo con privados de libertad en delitos de homicidio, feminicidio y violación. Llegando a construir una propuesta criminológica, (criminología clínica) con enfoques psicológicos (penitenciario, criminal, cognitivo conductual y sistémico) para la intervención grupal y personal de los PPLs. A través de desarrollar un programa de 8 módulos tocando diversos tópicos (Comprendiendo al ser humano, masculinidades, distorsiones cognitivas, elección de pareja y otros) a partir de estos puntos de reflexión de cada módulo, se va realizando la evaluación psicológica de los participantes en diversas áreas (personalidad, impulsividad, estilo de apego, inteligencia, ansiedad, relación y jerarquía familiar y otros) con estos resultados, se hace la intervención individual y de forma paralela se van generando procesos de prevención primaria.

Introducción: la sangre es un fluido corporal con una función importantísima dentro de varios procesos biológicos y metabólicos. Los antígenos de tipo A y B determinados por herencia genética son los que se encuentran en la parte externa de los eritrocitos, varían en las diferentes poblaciones, por lo que son sujetos de importantes estudios diversas ramas de la medicina, en el área gineco-obstetricia, es importante identificar de forma temprana o preventiva una incompatibilidad sanguínea para favorecer la disminución de los índices de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal, ya que puede derivar en una enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido u otras complicaciones con mayor o menor grado. Objetivo: Recopilar la información más importante y actualizada sobre la incompatibilidad ABO. Metodología: Revisión sistemática documentos e investigaciones en inglés y español obtenidas de plataformas científicas como Elsevier, ScIELO, PubMed y de repositorios universitarios nacionales e internacionales desde el 2017, con descriptores como Sistema ABO, incompatibilidad sanguínea, materno-fetal, complicaciones, entre otras. Resultados: De un total de 112 documentos inicialmente, 62 fueron utilizados para la lectura de sus resúmenes, excluyéndose los demás por falta de relevancia con el tema de investigación o duplicación de la información. Conclusiones: La incompatibilidad sanguínea ABO es una complicación que genera reacción antígeno- anticuerpo y que puede llegar a ser mortal. Por ello, todas las ramas médicas; o por lo menos la gran mayoría, considera inicialmente realizar pruebas de tipificación sanguínea para aplicar los tratamientos correspondientes o determinar la causa etiológica de una patología asociada, sabiendo que existen procesos naturales en ginecología en los que la incompatibilidad ABO puede generar complicaciones importantes en el neonato como la enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido, anemias o hiperbilirrubinemia grave, mismos que aumentan los índices de morbimortalidad.

Older adults face racism, sexism, and ageism. As the U.S. population ages, it is important to understand how the current population views older adults.Participants recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk provided perceptions of older Black and White models' photographs. Using mixed-effect models, we assessed interactions between race and gender of participants and models.Among Participants of Color and White participants (Participants had few biases toward older Black and White models, while gender biases favored men.

BackgroundCatheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBIs) remain a major cause of mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients with central venous catheters (CVCs), especially because of the non-specific symptomatology and the delay in microbiological diagnosis with possible use of non-optimal empiric antibiotics. Moreover, empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics increase antibiotic resistance development. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) in suspected HD CRBIs compared with blood cultures.MethodsA blood sample for rt-PCR was collected simultaneously with each pair of blood cultures for suspected HD CRBI. The rt-PCR was performed on the whole blood, without any enrichment stage and with specific DNA primers: 16S (universal bacterial), Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus and mecA. Each successive patient with a suspected HD CRBI in the HD centre of Bordeaux University Hospital was included. Performance tests were used to compare the result obtained in each rt-PCR assay with its corresponding routine blood culture.ResultsEighty-four paired samples were collected and compared for 40 suspected HD CRBI events in 37 patients. Among these, 13 (32.5%) were diagnosed as HD CRBI. All rt-PCRs except mecA (insufficient number of positive samples) showed high diagnostic performances within 3.5 h: 16S (sensitivity 100%, specificity 78%), Staphylococcus spp. (sensitivity 100%, specificity 97%), S. aureus (sensitivity 100%, specificity 99%). Based on the rt-PCR results, antibiotics could be more appropriately targeted, thus cutting anti-cocci Gram-positive therapy from 77% to 29%.ConclusionsThe performance of rt-PCR in suspected HD CRBI events showed fast and high diagnostic accuracy. Its use would improve HD CRBI management with an antibiotic consumption decrease.

Adolescents spend a large percentage of their time at school, where learning and achievement are important activities that are vital to their future educational success and subsequent career opportunities. However, studies reveal a significant drop in satisfaction and performance during the teenage years.Based on the ecological model, this study aims to explore the relationship dynamics between contextual (school climate) and psychological (emotional intelligence and resilience) variables, life satisfaction and perceived academic performance, analysing, to this end, four theoretical models grounded in previous research.The sample comprised a total of 1397 adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years from the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (northern Spain).The Equations 6.2 program was used to estimate the measurement model and the structural models, using the robust maximum likelihood procedure.School climate and life satisfaction were found to directly influence perceived academic performance, whereas emotional intelligence and resilience did so indirectly, with the full mediation of life satisfaction.These results have important educational implications, since they reveal existing relationship dynamics, which should serve as a basis for the effective implementation of school programs. They also indicate how important it is for adolescents to be psychologically well-adjusted and satisfied with their lives, in order for them to perform optimally at school.

Background: Higher education is considered to be one of the phases in the life cycle that produces psychological distress and academic pressure. The aim of the study was to assess to assess the emotional, empathic and coping skills of undergraduate students of Health Sciences and Social Sciences undergraduates using an explorative approach in a cross sectional study. Methods: A sample of 693 first-to-fourth-year students enrolled in different degree courses. We used an “ad hoc” questionnaire, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Brief COPE. Results: We found higher scores in capacity for empathy using the IRI, in emotional intelligence by TMMS-24 and a good coping style and adaptive strategies measured on the COPE, however, emotion regulation scores in DERS were medium. We found interesting relationships between female, first-year course, sport, anxiety and degree course in empathy, emotional intelligence, adaptative strategies and emotional regulation. Conclusions: Preventive and train measures in emotional and psychosocial resources are needed in higher education to achieve the highest possible level of psycho- emotional well-being. Keywords: emotional intelligence, empathy, coping skills, subjective well-being, students.

It has been suggested that core stability and plyometric training (CPT) can enhance athletes’ postural control. Nevertheless, the effects of an integrated core and plyometric training program on rhythmic gymnastics (RG) performance are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an integrated functional CPT program on young rhythmics gymnasts’ postural performance. A sample of 44 young female rhythmic gymnasts from a competitive team (age = 10.5 ± 1.8 years) participated in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. Pre- and posttest design was used. Postural control was assessed using single-leg stance tests and RG-specific balances over a force platform and evaluated by expert RG judges. The experimental group (n = 23) completed an 8-week functional CPT program based on RG technical requirements. Meanwhile, the control group (n = 21) received their usual training sessions. A mixed model of analysis of variance was applied to evaluate the effects of an intrasubject factor and an intersubject factor on each of the dependent variables. After 8 weeks, the experimental group obtained significant better results in some variables of the right support leg with eyes open and left support leg with eyes open single-leg support (p p p

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis comprises a rare entity of disorders that affects primarily small and medium-sized blood vessels. Since first documented in 1897, we have come a long way trying to understand the pathogenesis and finding an optimal treatment regimen. The pathogenesis of ANCA vasculitis is not well understood and despite many advances in treatment, the morbidity and mortality remains high. Over the last decade, there have been many advancements toward elucidating the pathogenesis, optimizing current therapies, and discovering new medicines. Presently, one trend is aimed at minimizing the adverse effects of glucocorticoids by reducing their use without sacrificing efficacy and safety. A new medicine targeting the alternative complement system has emerged and intends to replace glucocorticoids. Here, we review three articles that describe these new trends in the management of ANCA vasculitis.

Londoño-Echeverri, Yeison, Trujillo-López, Ana María, Pérez-Zabala, Jorge Andrés (2023): A new species of Conchocarpus and first record of Euxylophora (Galipeinae, Zanthoxyloideae, Rutaceae) from Colombia. Phytotaxa 601 (2): 174-184, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.601.2.4

Euxylophora paraensis Huber (1909: 85) Emergent tree up to 50 m tall, native to the Amazon region, previously only registered in Brazil. For Colombia it is here reported from a hitherto unidentified specimen collected by Richard Evans Schultes and Isidoro Cabrera in the year 1951 in the Amazon region (Figs. 3 & 4). This species is under the category EN-Endangered according to the IUCN criteria (Fernandez et al. 2020), and it is considered a well-known timber species in the Brazilian Amazon. Further field exploration and research will be needed for establishing the actual distribution area and the regional conservation status. Specimen examined:— COLOMBIA. Amazonas-Vaupés: Río Apaporis, entre el río Pacoa y el río Kananarí, Soratama, 250 m, 28 September 1951 (fr), R.E. Schultes & I. Cabrera 14160 (COL-60226!)., Published as part of Londoño-Echeverri, Yeison, Trujillo-López, Ana María & Pérez-Zabala, Jorge Andrés, 2023, A new species of Conchocarpus and first record of Euxylophora (Galipeinae, Zanthoxyloideae, Rutaceae) from Colombia, pp. 174-184 in Phytotaxa 601 (2) on page 181, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8129605, {"references":["Huber, J. (1909) Novitates Florae Amazonicae. Boletim do Museo Goeldi de Historia Natural e Ethnographia 6: 60 - 90.","Fernandez, E., Amorim, E., Martinelli, G. & Gomes, M. (2020) Euxylophora paraensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e. T 61958701 A 176125940. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2020 - 3. RLTS. T 61958701 A 176125940. pt"]}

Conchocarpus cardenasii Londoño-Ech., A.M. Trujillo & Pérez-Zab., sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) Type:— COLOMBIA. Chocó: Mun. Riosucio, zona de Urabá, Cerros Del Cuchillo, camino La Eugenia (Nova) a la cumbre sureste, 50–300 m, 19 April 1988 (bud & fl), D. Cárdenas 1735 (holotype: JAUM-015131!). Diagnosis:— Conchocarpus cardenasii is morphologically similar to Conchocarpus grandis Kallunki in Kallunki & Pirani (1998: 299), Conchocarpus jirajaranus Kallunki & W. Meier (2019: 196) and in minor degree to Conchocarpus guyanensis (Pulle 1912: 142) Kallunki & Pirani (1998: 300). C. cardenasii can be distinguished from the former two species by its shorter petioles, up to 3.3 cm long (versus up to 12 cm long in C. grandis, up to 7.5 cm long in C. jirajaranus), its longer flowering pedicels 0.7–1 cm long (vs. 0.3–0.6 cm long in C. grandis, ca. 0.2 cm long in C. jirajaranus), its anthers basally and apically sterile (vs. anthers only apically sterile), its smaller mericarps ca. 1.2 × 0.9–1.1 cm (vs. 2–2.5 × 1.7–2 cm in C. grandis, 1.5–2 × 1.5–1.8 cm in C. jirajaranus) and its ovary glabrous (only different respect to C. jirajaranus with ovary densely strigulose). From C. guyanensis, the new species can be distinguished by its racemiform thyrses, bearing 15–26 sessile cymules along rachis (vs. long-pedunculate and corymbiform thyrses bearing 3–4 partial inflorescences near apex, each stalked, ca. 2 cm long) and its seeds with plano-convex cotyledons (vs. plicate-conduplicate cotyledons). Tree 5–10 m tall, branchlets with internodes evident, velvety to densely short-strigose, glabrescent, longitudinally ridged. Leaves 1-foliolate, alternate, the petiole (0.7–) 1.6–3.3 cm long, canaliculate adaxially, short-strigose, glabrescent, ridged longitudinally, transversely striate, swollen at the base and apex; blade (7–)15.5–26 × (3.4–) 5.6– 11.4 cm, elliptic, basally obtuse and cuneate to convex; apically acute and slightly acuminate; sparsely short-strigose on both surfaces, glabrescent; surface pellucid-punctate, the glands visible as dark dots; the margin entire, slightly revolute; secondary veins 12–17 pairs, eucamptodromous becoming brochidodromous distally, raised on both surfaces, more distinct abaxially, intersecondary veins present; tertiary veins percurrent, raised on both surfaces, more distinct abaxially. Inflorescence a racemiform thyrse, 4.7–19.1 cm long (including peduncle), short-strigose and puberulous, slightly ridged longitudinally, apparently supra-axillary (originating from a terminal meristem but reoriented laterally by the sympodial growth), the axillar vegetative bud persisting below; the peduncle 0.9–4.8 cm long, the flowering portion 2.5–14.3 cm long, bearing 15–26 flowering nodes, each a dense and sessile cymule, 1–3-flowered, the axes indiscernible; the primary bracts 1–2 × 1 mm, ovate, subtending each cymule, densely short-strigose on abaxial surface and on adaxial surface only towards the margin (glabrous toward the middle portion); the secondary bracts 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.5 mm, ovate, subtending some pedicels, densely short-strigose on abaxial surface and on adaxial surface only towards the margin (glabrous towards the middle portion), pedicels 0.7–1 cm long, short-strigose and puberulous, glabrescent. Flowers 5(–6)-merous, calyx cupular, 1.5–1.9 mm high, 5-dentate, the teeth glandular ca. 0.2 × 0.2 mm, densely to sparsely short-strigose abaxially, glabrous adaxially; corolla actinomorphic, cochlear, white, short-tubular by capillinection, the tube ca. 4.5 mm high; petals 7–9.6 × 1–1.6 mm, oblong, apically obtuse and rounded to slightly acuminate, coherent into a tube among them, tomentose abaxially, adaxially glabrous at the base and near to the portion adnate to the filaments, the rest of surface tomentose, on the mouth of tube mixed with little short-villous indumentum, pellucid-punctate more noticeably abaxially; androecium 5(–6)-merous, all stamens fertile, filaments 3–3.7 × 0.6–0.8 mm, oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, coherent among them by capillinection, adherent to the corolla at the base and adnate to it only by a small dorsal portion at the tube throat (perhaps postgenital fusion, see discussion), abaxially tomentose, glabrous near to the portion adnate to the corolla, adaxially glabrous at the base, the rest of surface tomentose, mixed with short-villous indumentum at the throat; anthers 3.2–4 × 0.5–0.7 mm, narrowly lanceolate, broadly attached to the filaments, sterile at the base and at the apex, eglandular at the connective, not exserted along their whole length from the corolla tube; thecae with a basal sterile portion of 0.2–0.4 mm long, a middle fertile portion of 1.5–2.1 mm long, abaxially sparsely short-villous, adaxially short-villous; the apical sterile portion 1.3–1.6 mm long, flattened, curved in anthesis, abaxially sparsely tomentose, adaxially sparsely tomentose mixed with little short-villous indumentum; disc ca. 0.7 mm high, glabrous, slightly shorter than the ovary, margin sinuate; gynoecium 5-merous, apocarpic, glabrous, not exserted from the throat at anthesis, ovary 0.8–0.9 mm high, ca. 0.8 mm diam., umbilicate, style ca. 0.3 mm long (measured over ovary apex), stigma 0.2–0.3 mm long, capitate. Fruits composed by a single mericarp, ca. 1.2 × 0.9–1.1 cm, semi-orbicular laterally, ventrally straight, dorsally rounded, very sparsely short-strigose, pellucid-punctate, transversely ridged. Seed 1 per carpel, ca. 1 × 0.8 cm, glabrous, slightly rugulose, testa papery, embryo straight, cotyledons plano-convex, thick. Distribution and habitat:— Conchocarpus cardenasii is endemic to Colombia. It has been collected only in a hill named as “Cerro del Cuchillo” on the Riosucio municipality of the Chocó department (Fig. 3). The Cerro del Cuchillo is a small and isolated hill on the Pacific Biogeographical Region (sensu Bernal 2016) in a range of elevation of 20–450 m, with annual precipitation between 4.000 to 8.000 mm (Cárdenas-López 2003). This region is considered under the Equatorial Rainforest climate (Af climate type sensu Kottek et al. 2006). Phenology:— Herbarium vouchers indicate blooming time in April and fruiting time in June. Etymology:— The epithet honors to Dairon Cárdenas, a noteworthy Colombian botanist who dedicated most of his career to improving knowledge of the Colombian Amazonian flora. The only known specimens for the new species were collected by Dairon early in his career. This is a modest acknowledgment to Dairon, for his assiduous work that rendered so many contributions to the knowledge of the flora, also to his kindness and friendship with the authors when they visited the COAH herbarium. Preliminary conservation status:— Conchocarpus cardenasii is only known by a subpopulation with AOO= 4 km 2. The forest that inhabits is a small fragment i.e., the unique known population is severe fragmented and under continuous decrease of habitat quality). Although it can be classified as “Critically endangered” according to the criteria B: B2ab(iii) of IUCN (2012), the Cerro del Cuchillo is currently a protected area, which decreases the effect from any threat. It should be rather considered as “Endangered” species, due to its small and restricted geographical distribution, surrounded by livestock pastures with null ecological connectivity with near forests. Additional specimens examined (paratype):— COLOMBIA. Chocó: Mun. Riosucio, zona de Urabá, Cerros Del Cuchillo, camino de Cidon a la Cumbre sureste, 50–100 m, 23 June 1988 (fr), D. Cárdenas 2090 (JAUM-015132!). Notes:— Conchocarpus cardenasii has a close resemblance to C. grandis and C. jirajaranus. These three species share the 1-foliolate leaves, the racemiform thyrses with partial inflorescences sessile (only stalked at the lowermost ones in C. grandis), the cupular calyx, the actinomorphic corolla (not verified for C. grandis), the all-fertile stamens, the lanceolate and apically sterile anthers, the umbilicate ovary (not verified for C. jirajaranus) and the seeds with plano-convex cotyledons. On the other hand, C. guyanensis shares with the new species the unique in the genus presence of anthers with thecae basally sterile, but can be easily differentiated from it and the other two species above mentioned by its long-pedunculate and corymbiform thyrses and seeds with plicate-conduplicate cotyledons. Other features are relatively similar among the four species discussed (Kallunki & Pirani 1998, Kallunki & Meier 2019), see Table 1. aMeasures or features in parentheses were taken from synonyms protologues (Ducke 1922, Porter & Elias 1979). For complete synonymy see Kallunki & Pirani (1998). bMeasures or features in parentheses were taken from synonyms protologues (Cuatrecasas 1952, McPherson 1988). cKallunki & Pirani (1998) noted the cotyledons of C. toxicarius as “conduplicate, not plicate and thick”, clearly differencing it from plicate-conduplicate “conduplicate, plicate and thin” or plano-convex “plano-convex and thick”. Subsequently, Groppo et al. (2017) noted it under the character state “cotyledons plane or plane-convex”. The filaments of Conchocarpus cardenasii are here described as adnate to the corolla only by a small dorsal portion at the tube throat, because they are strongly united and hardly detachable without being torn apart. El Ottra et al. (2019) recently reported a kind of postgenital floral fusion in Galipeinae consisting in the union by papillae or cuticular projections; whether this is the situation responsible for the structure here observed in C. cardenasii remains a matter depending on further anatomical studies. The cotyledons plano-convex in Conchocarpus cardenasii, C. grandis and C. jirajaranus are morphologically atypical for Conchocarpus sensu stricto, and its taxonomic relevance could be tested in further phylogenetic studies. Similarly, other species currently under Conchocarpus have uncommon features that could support new classification proposals. For example, Conchocarpus nicaraguensis [Standley & Williams (1953: 206–207)] Kallunki & Pirani (1998: 314) and Conchocarpus ucayalinus [Huber (1906: 573–574)] Kallunki & Pirani (1998: 323) from northwestern South America, Central America and western Amazonia, resemble at first glance species of Dryades because their calyx lobes imbricate and overlapping even after anthesis. However, not all diagnostic features of Dryades are present in C. nicaraguensis and C. ucayalinus and these species have not been included in phylogenetic analyses. Added to the morphological relevance of the cotyledons in the classification of Conchocarpus sensu lato, Groppo et al. (2017) found Conchocarpus toxicarius [Spruce ex Engler (1874: 114–115)] Kallunki & Pirani (1998: 322), phylogenetically segregated from Conchocarpus s.s. and Dryades (this genus not segregated yet in Groppo et al. 2017), besides noting it under the character state “cotyledons plane or plane-convex” (see Table 1), which suggest that this species perhaps might be recognized under another genus when a more complete sampling becomes available (Groppo, pers. comm. 2018). Interestingly, although Conchocarpus toxicarius can be distinguished by its leaves 5–7-foliolate from C. cardenasii, C. grandis and C. jirajaranus, all four species share their androecium with all stamens fertile, lanceolate anthers and in a sensu lato, their actinomorphic corolla, umbilicate ovary and plano-convex cotyledons (see Table 1). Remarkably, one of the two syntypes of C. toxicarius belongs to Conchocarpus heterophyllus [A. Saint-Hilaire (1823: 131)] Kallunki & Pirani (1998: 300), an inconsistence solved by Kallunki & Pirani (1998); thus, although the protologue of C. toxicarius indicated only three fertile stamens, Kallunki & Pirani (1998) indicated that it have five stamens fertile, which is according to the original illustration at the complete flower drawings [see Engler (1874: t.24, fig. 1) and the lectotype Spruce 2171 (K barcode 000531071 [digital image!]); note the original illustration at stamens details drawings showing those lanceolate anthers of C. toxicarius as staminodes and probably, those of C. heterophyllus as fertile stamens. Currently, the recognition of other segregate groups from Conchocarpus is not definitive considering the lack of sampling species with deviating morphological combinations in molecular analyses (e.g., actinomorphic corolla, five stamens fertile, lanceolate anthers and plano-convex cotyledons). Despite of the fact that Conchocarpus cardenasii could undergo nomenclatural and taxonomic changes if the splitting of Conchocarpus is supported in future phylogenetic studies, its morphological features fits into the current circumscription of the genus. Considering the remarkably presence of cotyledons plano-convex and anthers basally sterile, C. cardenasii may be a critical species to be included in future morphological and DNA systematics studies of the genus. Finally, given its condition of being a restricted endemic and endangered species, this formal taxonomic recognition is fundamental for supporting current and future conservation actions at the unique Cerros del Cuchillo remnant forests., Published as part of Londoño-Echeverri, Yeison, Trujillo-López, Ana María & Pérez-Zabala, Jorge Andrés, 2023, A new species of Conchocarpus and first record of Euxylophora (Galipeinae, Zanthoxyloideae, Rutaceae) from Colombia, pp. 174-184 in Phytotaxa 601 (2) on pages 175-181, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8129605, {"references":["Kallunki, J. A. & Pirani, J. R. (1998) Synopses of Angostura Roem. & Schult. and Conchocarpus J. C. Mikan (Rutaceae). Kew Bulletin 53 (2): 257 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4114501","Pulle, A. (1912) Neue Beitrage zur Flora Surinams III. Mit zwei Tafeln. Recuei des Travaux Botaniques Neerlandais 9 (2): 125 - 169.","Bernal, R. (2016) Geografia de Colombia. In: Bernal, R., Gradstein, S. R. & Celis, M. (Eds.) Catalogo de plantas y liquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, pp. 19 - 32.","Cardenas-Lopez, D. (2003) Inventario floristico en el Cerro del Cuchillo, Tapon del Darien colombiano. Caldasia 25 (1): 101 - 117.","Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B. & Rubel, F. (2006) World map of the Koppen Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrif 15 (3): 259 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0941 - 2948 / 2006 / 0130","IUCN. (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, England, 32 pp.","Kallunki, J. A. & Meier, W. (2019) Conchocarpus jirajaranus (Rutaceae), a new endemic species of the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela. Brittonia 71 (2): 196 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12228 - 019 - 09572 - 1","Ducke, W. A. (1922) Plantes nouvelles ou peu connues de la region amazonienne (II partie). Archivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 3: 3 - 269.","Porter, D. M. & Elias, T. S. (1979) Flora of Panama Part VI. Family 89. Rutaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 66 (2): 123 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2398906","Cuatrecasas, J. (1952) Notas a la Flora de Colombia XII. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales 8 (32): 464 - 488.","McPherson, G. (1988) New and noteworthy taxa from Panama. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75 (1): 373 - 378.","Groppo, M., Bruniera, C. P., Ferreira, P. L., Ferreira, C., Pirani, J. R. & Kallunki, J. A. (2017) Phylogeny and delimitation of Galipeeae (Rutaceae, Sapindales) based on molecular data: insights on the evolution of zygomorphic flowers and staminodes. XIX International Botanical Congress, Shenzhen.","El Ottra, J. H. L., Demarco, D. & Pirani, J. R. (2019) Comparative floral structure and evolution in Galipeinae (Galipeeae: Rutaceae) and its implications at different systematic levels. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 191: 30 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / botlinnean / boz 029","Standley, P. C. & Williams, L. O. (1953) Plantae Centrali-Americanae V. Ceiba 3 (3): 187 - 220.","Huber, J. (1906) Materiaes para a flora amazonica VI. Plantas vasculares colligidas e observadas no baixo Ucayali e no Pampa del Sacramento, nos mezes de outubro a dezembro de 1898. Boletim do Museo Goeldi de Historia Natural e Ethnographia 4: 510 - 619.","Engler, H. G. A. (1874) Rutaceae. In: Martius, C. F. P. & Eichler, A. G. (eds.) Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum 12 (2). Lipsiae [Liepzig]: Apud Frid. Fleischer in Comm. pp. 77 - 196.","Saint-Hilaire, A. F. C. P. (1823) Description de principaux genres nouveaux et de especes nouvelles de la Flore de Bresil, cites das le Memoire sur le Gynobase. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique de Paris 1823: 129 - 133."]}

31 p.-12 fig.-1 tab. We dedicate this paper to Takashi Umekawa, who generated the HI model at the Karolinska Institute, and unfortunately passed away in 2018., Microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic debris prevents buildup damage of neighbor neurons and inflammatory responses. Whereas microglia are very competent phagocytes under physiological conditions, we report their dysfunction in mouse and preclinical monkey models of stroke (macaques and marmosets) by transient occlusion of the medial cerebral artery (tMCAo). By analyzing recently published bulk and single cell RNA sequencing databases, we show that the phagocytosis dysfunction was not explained by transcriptional changes. In contrast, we demonstrate that the impairment of both engulfment and degradation was related to energy depletion triggered by oxygen and nutrient deprivation (OND), which led to reduced process motility, lysosomal exhaustion, and the induction of a protective macroautophagy/autophagy response in microglia. Basal autophagy, in charge of removing and recycling intracellular elements, was critical to maintain microglial physiology, including survival and phagocytosis, as we determined both in vivo and in vitro using pharmacological and transgenic approaches. Notably, the autophagy inducer rapamycin partially prevented the phagocytosis impairment induced by tMCAo in vivo but not by OND in vitro, where it even had a detrimental effect on microglia, suggesting that modulating microglial autophagy to optimal levels may be a hard to achieve goal. Nonetheless, our results show that pharmacological interventions, acting directly on microglia or indirectly on the brain environment, have the potential to recover phagocytosis efficiency in the diseased brain. We propose that phagocytosis is a therapeutic target yet to be explored in stroke and other brain disorders and provide evidence that it can be modulated in vivo using rapamycin. Abbreviations: AIF1/IBA1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; AMBRA1: autophagy/beclin 1 regulator 1; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B, cysteine peptidase; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CASP3: caspase 3; CBF: cerebral blood flow; CCA: common carotid artery; CCR2: chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2; CIR: cranial irradiation; Csf1r/v-fms: colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; CX3CR1: chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DG: dentate gyrus; GO: Gene Ontology; HBSS: Hanks’ balanced salt solution; HI: hypoxia-ischemia; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCA: medial cerebral artery; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OND: oxygen and nutrient deprivation; Ph/A coupling: phagocytosis-apoptosis coupling; Ph capacity: phagocytic capacity; Ph index: phagocytic index; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; RNA-Seq: RNA sequencing; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; tMCAo: transient medial cerebral artery occlusion; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1. © 2023 The Author(s)., This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Competitiveness MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (https://www.ciencia.gob.es/) and ERDF “A way to make Europe” (RTI2018-099267-B-I00 and RYC-2013-12817 to AS; RTI2018–097948-A-100 and RYC-2016–20480 to OP), a Tatiana Foundation Award (P-048-FTPGB 2018) to AS a Basque Government Department of Education project (PIBA 2020_1_0030; http://www.euskadi.eus/basque-government/department-education/) to AS, a Basque Government Department of Economic development, Sustainability and environment (ELKARTEK KK-2020/00034; https://www.spri.eus/en/) to ECZ, and . SB is recipient of predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, and VST is recipient of predoctoral fellowship from the Basque Government.

(1) Background: The pressure that agricultural systems’ intensive management exerts on the environment concerns society. For this reason, the demand for sustainable foods is growing in the market. This study investigated consumers’ Willingness To Pay (WTP) for dry semolina pasta produced with raw materials from more diversified agricultural systems and which factors influence this choice. (2) Methods: The data, collected through a contingent valuation exercise, involved 185 Italian consumers. Through a Tobit model, the drivers influencing the WTP were selected. A latent class cluster analysis determined four different groups of consumers. (3) Results: The data highlighted a real social demand for sustainability. Consumers recognize a higher WTP for sustainable pasta. This value is influenced by drivers such as purchasing habits, personal characteristics, and environmental attitudes. (4) Conclusions: This work offers an approach, both from a market and political point of view, to how this higher potential WTP could be identified and redistributed among the value chain actors by structuring both marketing strategies for the different types of consumers and political tools able to help agri-food chains towards sustainability transition.