Search

Peng, Changjun, Wu, Dong-Dong, Ren, Jin-Long, Peng, Zhong-Liang, Ma, Zhifei, Wu, Wei, Lv, Yunyun, Wang, Zeng, Deng, Cao, Jiang, Ke, Parkinson, Christopher L., Qi, Yin, Zhang, Zhi-Yi, Li, Jia-Tang (2023): Large-scale snake genome analyses provide insights into vertebrate development. Cell 186: 1-18, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.030, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.030

As China's urbanisation continues to advance, more people are choosing to live in cities. However, this trend has a significant impact on the natural ecosystem. For instance, the accumulation of keratin-rich substrates in urban habitats has led to an increase in keratinophilic microbes. Despite this, there is still a limited amount of research on the prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in urban areas. Fortunately, our group has conducted in-depth investigations into this topic since 2015. Through our research, we have discovered a significant amount of keratinophilic fungi in soil samples collected from various urban areas in China. In this study, we have identified and characterised 18 new species through the integration of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. These findings reveal the presence of numerous unexplored fungal taxa in urban habitats, emphasising the need for further taxonomic research in urban China.

ZHANG, ZHI-QIANG (2023): Palaeoentomology (2018-2022): A newcomer on the rise to high impact. Palaeoentomology 6 (3): 215-218, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.1

Neriene calozonata Chen & Zhu, 1989 (丽带⁂蛛) Figs 24, 39A Neriene calozonata Chen & Zhu, 1989: 162, figs 12–18 (Df). Neriene calozonata – Yin et al. 2012: 519, fig. 243a–c (f). — Li et al. 2018: 24, figs 21a–i, 22a–f, 23a–e (mf). Material examined CHINA • 3 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°22′23.87″ N, 109°55′44.24″ E; elev. 1814 m; 22 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-10-01–03. Distribution China (Chongqing).

Ryojius simplex sp. nov. (Ȓ良ǿ蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3798EECE-5A0C-4578-8754-8D5DF908B300 Figs 43–45 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Ryojius nanyuensis (Chen & Yin, 2000) (Figs 43–47; Tu et al. 2006: figs 15–23) but can be distinguished by the lamella characteristca single branched in male palp in new species (Fig. 43A–B, D), whereas with two branches in R. nanyuensis (Tu et al. 2006: figs 15–16); distal part of paracymbium apex L-shaped in male palp in new species (Fig. 43B), whereas V-shaped in R. nanyuensis (Tu et al. 2006: fig 15). In epigyne, basal part of scape not covering all of the distal part in ventral view in new species (Fig. 44A–B), whereas covering most of it in R. nanyuensis (Tu et al. 2006: fig 21). Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ simplex ’ meaning ‘simple’ and referring to the lamella characteristca of the male palp being simple, with unmodified tip (Fig. 43A–B, D). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-18-01. Paratypes CHINA • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-18-02. Description Male (holotype, Figs 43, 45A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.18 long; carapace 0.98 long, 0.80 wide; abdomen 1.10 long, 0.76 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.31, PLE–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.04. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellowish-brown, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.13 high. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.75 (0.81, 0.93, 0.61, 0.40), II 2.58 (0.73, 0.88, 0.58, 0.39), III 2.23 (0.65, 0.72, 0.51, 0.35), IV 2.72 (0.79, 0.92, 0.59, 0.42). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.26 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, light grey, dorsally with three cheverons posteriorly, ventral side light grey. PALP (Fig. 43). Patella short. Tibia with strongly sclerotised dorsal apophysis pointing laterally. Distal part of paracymbium with V-shaped apex, with broad blunt end. Pit hook on suprategulum long, distally arc-shaped with pointed end. Radix anterior part long, lancet-like. Lamella characteristca transparent, short, tip unmodified, apex retained below the anterior terminal apophysis. Anterior terminal apophysis thumb-shaped, with blunt end. Embolus conspicuously large, posteriorly curved about half circle, with conspicuous serrated area, embolus proper blunt, apex strongly sclerotized. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-18-02, Figs 44, 45B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.83 long; carapace 0.82 long, 0.64 wide; abdomen 1.29 long, 0.58 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.26, PLE–PLE 0.29, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.05. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.12 high. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.20 (0.64, 0.76, 0.43, 0.37), II 1.94 (0.57, 0.66, 0.39, 0.32), III 1.67 (0.49, 0.52, 0.36, 0.32), IV 2.11 (0.63, 0.70, 0.44, 0.34). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.24 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 44). Scape wider than long, basal part of scape posteriorly C-shaped; distal part of scape grooved with lateral pockets on inner surface. Stretcher conspicuous, tongue-shaped. Posterior median plate broad, somewhat rectangular. Spermathecae globular, situates dorso–laterally. Distribution Known from type locality., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049

Prosoponoides sinense (Chen, 1991) (中华面蛛) Figs 40–42 Neriene sinensis Chen, 1991: 164, fig. 2a–d (Dmf). Prosoponoides sinensis – Tu & Li 2006a: 113, fig. 9a–h (Tmf from Neriene). — Chen et al. 2020: 28, figs 4a–e, 5a–e (mf). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022) Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂, 1♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Zhuxian Township, Miaotang; 31°21′39.92″ N, 110°06′07.50″ E; elev. 1065 m; 19 Jul. 2021; Z.S. Zhang, L.Y Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-17-01–03. Distribution China, Vietnam, Malaysia (peninsula)., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 49-52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Chen Y. F. 1991. Two new species and two new records of linyphiid spiders from China (Arneae: Linyphiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 16: 163 - 168.","Chen Q. J., Zhong Y., Liu J. & Chen J. 2020. The spider genus Prosoponoides (Araneae: Linyphiidae) in China. Zootaxa 4786 (1): 23 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4786.1.2","World Spider Catalog 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed on 29 Nov. 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Himalaphantes azumiensis (Oi, 1979) (ŤẲĦƦ) Figures 132–135, 146 Lepthyphantes azumiensis Oi, 1979: 333, figs 16–18 (Dmf). Himalaphantes azumiensis T anasevitch, 1992: 45, fig. 3f–h (Tmf from Lepthyphantes); Yin et al. 2012: 497, fig. 230a–e (f). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined. 1♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Cikai Township, Dahaituo, 27.78440°N, 98.46038°E, alt. 3363m, 13 August 2006, Peng Hu (Hu 060813); 1♀, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, Gemalaka, 27.97670°N, 98.47810°E, alt. 3750 m 22August 2006, Peng Hu leg. (HU060822); 2♀, Gongshan County, Cikai Township, Dabadi to Gongshan, along Pula river downward, 27.79458 °N, 98.5071°E, alt. 3025–3990m, 04 October 2002, Heng-mei Yan leg. (Yan 021004); 7 ♂ 8♀, Lushui County, Pianma Township, Yaojiaping forest station, 25.96911°N, 98.70713°E, alt. 2586m, roadside, 18 May 2005, Ke-ji Guo leg. (GKJ009); 1♂, Gongshan County, Cikai Township, naer Gongshan Hotel, 27.7384444°N, 98.6709167°E, 1460m, 29 September 2002, Chang-min Yin and Xiang Xu leg. (No. 9); 1♀, Gongshan to Binzhongluo, 1500–1550m, same with Gongshan 4–6 July 2000, Heng-mei Yan, D. H. Kavanaugh, Charles Griswold, Hong-bin Liang, Darrell Ubick and Da-zhi Dong leg. (00–GB). Distribution. China, Japan, Russia., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng & Peng, Xian-Jin, 2022, Survey of Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) spiders from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-292 in Megataxa 8 (1) on page 119, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.8.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7526571, {"references":["Oi, R. (1979) New linyphiid spiders of Japan I (Linyphiidae) Baika Literary Bulletin, 16, 325 - 341.","Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J., Yan, H. M., Bao, Y. H., Xu, X., Tang, G., Zhou, Q. S. & Liu, P. (2012) Fauna Hunan, Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 1590 pp."]}

Dicristatus gen. nov. (二叉蛛属) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 532E0F83-75FE-440E-9007-A1F7A4460AC4 Type species Dicristatus minutus gen. et sp. nov. Etymology The generic name is an arbitraty combination of letters. Gender is masculine. Diagnosis Dicristatus gen. nov. can be distinguished from all other Erigoninae genera by the following combination of features: in male palp, retrolateral tibial apophysis absent; dorsal tibial apophysis large, tongue-shaped in ventral view, retrolateral margin with a row of comb macrosetae, ventrally with a pair of comb-shaped projections with several teeth; cymbial retrobasal process with a small projection, extending retrolaterally, covering basal part of paracymbium; paracymbium J-shaped, distal arm tip with ventral indent; distal suprategular apophysis robust, distally bifurcated, completely covering the embolus. Embolic division: Anterior radical process elongated, strongly sclerotized, outer surface serrated; embolic membrane reduced, curved with pointed end; embolus strongly sclerotized, minute with pointed end, hardly visible on undissected palp (Fig. 4). Female can be distinguished by the following combination of features: copulatory ducts extending posteriorly above the epigastric furrow, forming a broad loop outside the ventral plate; dorsal plate heart-shaped (Fig. 5).

Neriene limbatinella (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (Ỹffi⁂蛛) Fig. 34 Linyphia limbatinella Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 174, pl. 12, fig. 248 (Dm). Neriene limbatinella – van Helsdingen 1969: 278, figs 386–393 (mf, S). — Yin et al. 2012: 529, fig. 250a–f (mf). — Li et al. 2018: 24, figs 21a–i, 22a–f, 23a–e (mf). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Zhaoyang Ping; 31°16′23.77″ N, 110°5′45.79″ E; elev. 1575m; 5 Oct. 2020; Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-14-01. Distribution Russia (Far East), China (Chongqing), Korea, Japan., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Bosenberg W. & Strand E. 1906. Japanische Spinnen. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 30: 93 - 422.","Helsdingen P. J. van 1969. A reclassification of the species of Linyphia Latreille based on the functioning of the genitalia (Araneida, Linyphiidae), I. Zoologische Verhandelingen 105: 1 - 303.","Yin C. M., Peng X. J., Yan H. M., Bao Y. H., Xu X., Tang G., Zhou Q. S. & Liu P. 2012. Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha.","Li J. Y., Liu J. & Chen J. 2018. A review of some Neriene spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from China. Zootaxa 4513 (1): 1 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4513.1.1"]}

Tenuiphantes ancatus (Zhu, Li & Sha, 1986) (垂耳DZ蛛) Figs 49–51 Lepthyphantes ancatus Li & Zhu, 1989: 38, figs a–d (Df). Lepthyphantes ancatus – Song et al. 1999: 181, fig. 101e–f (f). Tenuiphantes ancatus – Tu et al. 2006: 408, figs 11–14 (Tf from Lepthyphantes). Differential diagnosis The female of Tenuiphantes ancatus resembles that of T. aduncus (Zhi, Li & Sha, 1986) (Fig. 49A–D, Tu et al. 2006: figs 6–9), but male can be distinguished by the distal arm of paracymbium mid ventrally with a somewhat rectangular projection in ventral view in T. ancatus (Fig. 49B, D), whereas distal arm ventrally with a small tooth in T. aduncus (Tu et al. 2006: fig. 1); distal end of terminal apophysis bifurcated, V-shaped in ventral view in T. ancatus (Fig. 49A), whereas anterior terminal apophysis apex furnished with thread-like projections and posterior terminal apophysis membranous in T. aduncus (Tu et al. 2006: fig. 2); lamella characteristca with three main branches and apex subdivided into several small branches in T. ancatus (Fig. 49A–B, D), whereas relatively simple, lower branch much longer, almost touching the distal part of pit hook in retrolateral view in T. aduncus (Tu et al. 2006: figs 1–2); embolus base with seven dentigerous protrusions in T. ancatus (Fig. 49A), whereas with more than 20 dentigerous protrusions in T. aduncus (Tu et al. 2006: fig. 2). Material examined CHINA • 5♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-22-01–11 • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Management and Protection Station; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′3.32″ E; elev. 1970 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-22-02–17 • 1 ♂, 12 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Mountain; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′28.04″ E; elev. 2150 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-22-18–30 • 2 ♂♂, 1♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Zhaoyang Ping; 31°16′23.77″ N, 110°5′45.79″ E; elev. 1575 m; 5 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-22-31–33 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Wushanya; 31°28′21.35″ N, 109°59′10.29″ E; elev. 1740 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-22-35–38 • 2 ♂♂, 1♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Xiang Yaocai Village; 31°18′57.96″ N, 110°5′23.55″ E; elev. 1681 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-22-39–41 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Qiqi Mountain Tunnel; 31°26′57.00″ N, 109°58′45.57″ E; elev. 1449 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y.Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-22-42 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Reshuiba; 31°24′2.02″ N, 109°58′24.16″ E; elev. 790 m; 24 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-22-43. Description Male (SWUC-T-LIN-22-01, Fig. 51A, new to science) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.08 long; carapace 1.02 long, 0.84 wide; abdomen 1.08 long, 0.74 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.34, PLE–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.08. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.17 high. CHELICERAE. With three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 4.73 (1.14, 1.41, 1.09, 0.73), II 4.12 (1.11, 1.31, 1.02, 0.68), III 3.11 (0.89, 0.95, 0.77, 0.50), IV 4.19 (1.09, 1.34, 1.14, 0.62). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.24 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, light grey, dorsally with six cheverons posteriorly, ventral side light grey. PALP (Fig. 49). Patella with long, dorsal spine. Tibia unmodified. Cymbium with proximal apophysis, comma-shaped, tip reaches the base of tibia. Paracymbium large, mid-ventrally with somewhat rectangular projection, apical part elongated with blunt end. Pit hook small, mesally grooved with pointed tip. Lamella characteristca three-branched. Terminal apophysis sclerotized, distal end bifurcated, V-shaped. Embolus long, with seven strong teeth-like protrusions on basal part, apical part slightly grooved. Female (SWUC-T-LIN-22-02, Figs 50–51B) For diagnosis and description see Tu et al. 2006. Distribution Known from type locality. Remarks Shennongjia Forest Region (type locality) situated in Hubei Province adjacent to the Wulipo (NNR), Chongqing, all of the specimens examined here belong to the Tenuiphantes ancatus (Zhu, Li & Sha, 1986). The genus Tenuiphantes can be diagnosed by the important synapomorphies of (1) the embolus of the male comprising a dentigerous protrusion about halfway down and (2) the epigyne proscapus being broadened at either side by a lateral wing-like extension of the median part of the scapus (Saaristo & Tanasevitch 1996). Tenuiphantes ancatus shares these snyapomorphies: the embolus of the male of T. ancatus shows a dentigerous protrusion at the base, and the epigyne of the species has lateral wing-like extensions of the median part of the scapus that support the placement of this species in the genus Tenuiphantes., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 60-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Li S. Q. & Zhu C. D. 1989. A new species of the spider genus Lepthyphantes from Shennongjia forest region, China. Journal of Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences 15: 38 - 39.","Song D. X., Zhu M. S. & Chen J. 1999. The Spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang.","Komatsu T. 1937. On the habit of Tapinopa guttata Kishida. Acta Arachnologica 2: 162 - 168.","Saaristo M. I. & Tanasevitch A. V. 1996. Redelimitation of the subfamily Micronetinae Hull, 1920 and the genus Lepthyphantes Menge, 1866 with descriptions of some new genera (Aranei, Linyphiidae). Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck 83: 163 - 186."]}

Wuliphantes guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) comb. nov. (官山五里蛛) Figs 55–57 Bathyphantes guanshan Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022: 18, figs 1a–d, 2a–c, 3a–b (Dmf). Distribution China (Chongqing).

Dicristatus gen. nov. (二叉蛛属) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 532E0F83-75FE-440E-9007-A1F7A4460AC4 Type species Dicristatus minutus gen. et sp. nov. Etymology The generic name is an arbitraty combination of letters. Gender is masculine. Diagnosis Dicristatus gen. nov. can be distinguished from all other Erigoninae genera by the following combination of features: in male palp, retrolateral tibial apophysis absent; dorsal tibial apophysis large, tongue-shaped in ventral view, retrolateral margin with a row of comb macrosetae, ventrally with a pair of comb-shaped projections with several teeth; cymbial retrobasal process with a small projection, extending retrolaterally, covering basal part of paracymbium; paracymbium J-shaped, distal arm tip with ventral indent; distal suprategular apophysis robust, distally bifurcated, completely covering the embolus. Embolic division: Anterior radical process elongated, strongly sclerotized, outer surface serrated; embolic membrane reduced, curved with pointed end; embolus strongly sclerotized, minute with pointed end, hardly visible on undissected palp (Fig. 4). Female can be distinguished by the following combination of features: copulatory ducts extending posteriorly above the epigastric furrow, forming a broad loop outside the ventral plate; dorsal plate heart-shaped (Fig. 5)., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on page 8, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049

Agyneta orthogonia sp. nov. (矩ff皿蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D18563D3-C3D0-4876-B500-6D351950CB49 Figs 1–3 Differential diagnosis The male of this new species can be distinguished from all other congeners by the prolateral margin of anterior part of terminal apophysis flap-like with several teeth (Fig. 1A, D), seems like an aperture in ventral view (Fig. 1D). Female epigyne resembles that of Agyneta mollis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) in having the similar proximal part of scape and the small stretcher (Fig. 2; Dupérré 2013: figs 155–157), but can be distinguished from the latter species by the spermathecae spermathecae present anteriorly in anterior view in new species (Fig. 2B, E), whereas present antero-laterally in the latter species in new species (Fig. 2B, E), (Dupérré 2013: figs 156–157). Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ orthogonius ’ meaning ‘rectangular’ and referring to the proximal cymbial apophysis somewhat rectangular in prolateral view (Fig. 1A). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Xiang Yaocai Village; 31°18′57.96′′ N, 110°5′23.55′′ E; elev. 1681 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-03-01. Paratypes CHINA • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-03-02–10 • 20 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Qizhi Mountain; 31°28′6.55′′ N, 109°58′42.97′′ E; elev. 1475 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-03-11–42 • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-03-43–47. Description Male (holotype, Figs 1, 3A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.58 long; carapace 1.18 long, 0.94 wide; abdomen 1.39 long, 0.94 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.33, PLE–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.07. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow, brownish along margin, radiating lines; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.21 high. CHELICERAE. Yellowish-brown, excavated; retromargin at the base of fang with a rectangular projection; promargin and retromargin with two teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow. Length of legs: I 3.66 (1.03, 1.23, 0.85, 0.55), II 3.27 (0.95, 1.03,0.75,0.54), III 2.83 (0.77, 0.94, 0.69, 0.43), IV 3.89 (1.05, 1.38, 0.92, 0.54). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.28 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Uniformly brown. PALP (Fig. 1). Retrolateral tibial apophysis long, with blunt end; with two retrolateral and on dorsal trichobothria. Cymbium retrolateral margin with a shallow depression at the base; prolateral margin with a small tubercle; proximal cymbial apophysis somewhat rectangular in prolateral view. Paracymbium with well-developed anterior and apical pocket; apical pocket with two projections. Distal suprategular apophysis with medially bears a transparent column with small pit-hook; median membrane well-developed with serrated margin. Radix with a small transparent projection at the base of embolus, with sclerotized curved tip (white arrow indicates the position); lamella characteristca simple, without any spikes, relatively sclerotized, apically with serrated margin; anterior terminal apophysis flap-like, widened proximally, tip with several teeth; posterior terminal apophysis sclerotized, broad with smooth tip; embolus moderately bent, with a long, needle-shaped tooth at its base. Embolus relatively large, with Fickert’s gland present proximally. Embolus proper set apically, with serrated margin; thumb long reaching almost equal to the embolus proper, with blunt end. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-03-02, Figs 2, 3B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.36 long; carapace 0.99 long, 0.76 wide; abdomen 1.44 long, 0.89 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.27, PLE–PLE 0.29, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.05. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.14 high. CHELICERAE. Yellowish-brown, not excavated; promargin and retromargin with five teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow. Length of legs: I 3.21 (0.86, 1.09, 0.73, 0.53), II 2.92 (0.79, 0.98, 0.64, 0.51), III 2.67 (0.76, 0.87, 0.57, 0.47), IV 3.58 (0.94, 1.24, 0.88, 0.52). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.23 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 2). With wide proximal part of scape, narrowing evenly; lateral lobes of scape well-developed; stretcher small; pit deep. Spermathecae globular, pointing dorso-ventrally; fertilization ducts relatively thick, extending antero-mesally. Distribution Known from type locality.

Indophantes wushanensis sp. nov. (巫山Ḥ蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C5321FB0-8F3E-4820-9889-AD876CD7B623 Figs 13–16 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Indophantes halonatus (Li & Zhu, 1995) in having the similar radix and pit hook in male palp and epigyne with quadrangular pseudoscape (Figs 13A–C, 14–15A; Tu, Saaristo & Li 2006: fig. 29), but can be distinguished by: the lateral margin of distal arm of paracymbium with two small lobes in new species (Fig. 13B), whereas with one lobe in I. halonatus (Tu, Saaristo & Li 2006: fig. 28). Thumb tomb-shaped in new species (Fig. 14A), whereas serrated margin with pointed tip in I. halonatus (Tu, Saaristo & Li 2006, fig. 31). Spermathecae round in new species (Fig. 15D), whereas lobed in I. halonatus (Tu, Saaristo & Li 2006: figs 34–35). Etymology The epithet is derived from the type locality. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Dangyang Township, Wushanya; 31°28′21.35″ N, 109°59′10.29″ E; elev. 1740 m; 1 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-01. Paratypes CHINA • 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-07-02–11 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Mountain; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′28.04″ E; elev. 2150 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-12–15 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Management and Protection Station; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′3.32″ E; elev. 1970 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-16–18 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°22′22.75″ N, 109°56′17.25″ E; elev. 1832 m; 4 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-19 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-20 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Xiang Yaocai Village; 31°18′57.96″ N, 110°5′23.55″ E; elev. 1681 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-21–22. Description Male (holotype, Figs 13, 16A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.26 long; carapace 1.02 long, 0.81 wide; abdomen 1.23 long, 0.73 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.10, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.35, PLE–PLE 0.38, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.08. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.17 high. CHELICERAE. With three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 5.55 (1.44, 1.71, 1.45, 0.95), II 4.88 (1.29, 1.52, 1.25, 0.82), III 3.54 (1, 1.07, 0.93, 0.54), IV 4.57 (1.23, 1.40, 1.22, 0.72). Leg formula I-II-IV-III. TmI 0.27 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, grey, posteriorly with three chevrons, base of spinnerets black, ventral side grey. PALP (Figs 13–14). Patella shorter than tibia, dorsally with a long spine; tibia conic, with two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria; proximal cymbial apophysis thumb-shaped with blunt end; paracymbium sclerotized, U-shaped, distal arm margin with two small lobes, narrowing apically; distal part of suprategulum protruding above, with claw-like pit hook. Lamella characteristca with basal sclerite, with three chitinised branches and one additional more or less transparent extension with frayed margin. Terminal apophysis short with pointed end. Embolus with bifurcated tip with pointed end. Embolus proper sclerotized with pointed tip. Thumb tomb-like, with pointed apex. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-07-02, Figs 15, 16B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.25 long; carapace 1.04 long, 0.77 wide; abdomen 1.47 long, 0.95 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances:AME 0.05, ALE 0.09, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.03, PME–PME 0.05, AME– ALE 0.05, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.34, PLE–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.10. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.12 high. CHELICERAE. With five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 4.74 (1.23, 1.51, 1.21, 0.79), II 4.23 (1.14, 1.31, 1.06, 0.72), III 3.09 (0.86, 0.91, 0.81, 0.51), IV 3.98 (1.14, 1.20, 1.01, 0.63). Leg formula I-II-IV-III. TmI 0.25 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 15). Pseudoscape rectangular; stretcher tongue-shaped; entrance groove presents inside lateral pockets; posterior median plate triangular; spermathecae round. Distribution Known from type locality.

Wuliphantes gen. nov. (五里蛛属) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F4144F4-6674-4C3F-B481-4097D6BDB7D6 Type species Wuliphantes trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. Diagnosis Wuliphantes gen. nov. can be diagnosed by the following synapomorphies as: (1) in male palp, distal end of tegulum narrow, extending forward, long with a conspicuous membranous protegulum; (2) distal suprategular apophysis absent; (3) embolic plate with two projections (dorsal and ventral); (4) embolus very long, forming more than one coil (depending on the species, the coil number goes from two to four or even more). Female can be diagnosed by: (1) the scape and parmula absent in epigyne; (2) copulatory ducts transparent, with several tightly coiled coils before entering the spermathecae; (3) spermathecae compact to helical. Etymology The genus name is derived from the type locality (Wulipo) and the generic name Bathyphantes. Gender is masculine. Composition Wuliphantes guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov., W. trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. and W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. Remarks Bathyphantes can be diagnosed with the following set of synapomorphies proposed by Ivie (1969): in male palp, (1) tegulum with terminal extension of distal suprategular apophysis; (2) embolic plate with relatively large, flat lamella comprise of anterior and dorsal projections; (3) embolus ordinarily stout and coiled at base and becoming slender toward tip. Epigynum consisting of (1) atrium, a large cavity opening posteriorly, with ventral covering below and dorsal wall above; (2) scape, posterior extension of ventral rim of atrium often long and slender, in some cases short and blunt, in others absent, usually with a small pit near distal end; (3) parmula, posterior extension of atrial plate, usually slender, with small pit near distal end; (4) spermathecae, one on each side in anterior part of internal epigynum. Wuliphantes gen. nov. shares a single character of a simple U- or J-shaped paracymbium with the genera Bathyphantes Menge, 1866, Kaestneria Wiehle, 1956 and Porrhomma Simon, 1884: figs 55b, 61b, 68b (Bosmans 2006: fig. 1; Zhao & Li 2014: figs 5b, 8b, 47b, 49b; Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 3b, 6b; Merrett 1963: fig. 21a–b; Tao et al. 1995: figs 76, 82–83; Ruzicka 2018: fig. 2a). Wuliphantes gen. nov. can be distinguished from the genera Bathyphantes Menge, 1866, Kaestneria Wiehle, 1956 and Porrhomma Simon, 1884 by the embolus very long, forming two to four coils in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 55A, 58A, 61A), whereas embolus short, probably with half or single coil in Bathyphantes (Bosmans 2006: fig. 1; Zhao & Li, 2014 figs 5b, 8b, Zhao & Li, 2014 figs 47b, 49b), embolus stout, relatively short with pointed end in Kaestneria (Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 3b, 6b; Merrett 1963: fig. 21a–b; Tao et al. 1995: figs 76, 82–83), embolus short, reaching to tip of anterior projection of embolic plate to form half circle in Porrhomma (Ruzicka 2018: figs 2a, 19b); embolic plate with two projections (dorsal and ventral) in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 55D, 58A, 61D), whereas with two to three projections (anterior, dorsal and ventral) in Bathyphantes (Zhao & Li 2014: figs 5–6, 8), Kaestneria (dorsal) (Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 3b, 6b) and in Porrhomma (anterior, posterior and dorsal) (Ruzicka 2018: fig. 19b); distal end of tegulum long with a conspicuous membranous protegulum in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 55B, 58B, 61B), whereas distal end of tegulum round, protegulum absent in Bathyphantes (Zhao & Li 2014: figs 5–6, 8). Female can be distinguished by the scape absent in epigyne in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 56A–B, 59A–B, 62A–B), whereas present in Bathyphantes (Tanasevitch 2011: figs 13, 30–34; 2014: fig. 21), Kaestneria (dorsal) (Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 3b, 4a, 6b; Zhao & Li 2014: figs 47b, 48a, 49b) and with a small protegulum in Porrhomma (Ruzicka 2018: fig. 2a–b), but can be distinguished by the copulatory ducts transparent, with several tightly coiled coils before entering spermathecae in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 56B–C, 59B–C, 62B–C), whereas without tightened coils in Bathyphantes (Tanasevitch 2011: figs 13, 30–34) except Bathyphantes paracymbialis Tanasevitch, 2014, of which the copulatory ducts form two wide loops (Tanasevitch 2014: fig. 23); spermathecae compact in W. guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. and W. trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 56C, 62C) and helical in W. tongluensis gen. et comb. nov. (Fig. 59C). The diagnostic characters proposed for Wuliphantes gen. nov. (embolus long, forming more than one coil; tegulum with conspicuous protegulum; embolic plate with long ventral projection of lamella in male palp; in the epigyne, scape and parmula absent) are all apomorphic in nature that distinguish this genus from all other genera and also support Wuliphantes gen. nov. to accommodate W. guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov., W. trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. and W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov.

Wuliphantes gen. nov. (五里蛛属) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F4144F4-6674-4C3F-B481-4097D6BDB7D6 Type species Wuliphantes trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. Diagnosis Wuliphantes gen. nov. can be diagnosed by the following synapomorphies as: (1) in male palp, distal end of tegulum narrow, extending forward, long with a conspicuous membranous protegulum; (2) distal suprategular apophysis absent; (3) embolic plate with two projections (dorsal and ventral); (4) embolus very long, forming more than one coil (depending on the species, the coil number goes from two to four or even more). Female can be diagnosed by: (1) the scape and parmula absent in epigyne; (2) copulatory ducts transparent, with several tightly coiled coils before entering the spermathecae; (3) spermathecae compact to helical. Etymology The genus name is derived from the type locality (Wulipo) and the generic name Bathyphantes. Gender is masculine. Composition Wuliphantes guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov., W. trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. and W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. Remarks Bathyphantes can be diagnosed with the following set of synapomorphies proposed by Ivie (1969): in male palp, (1) tegulum with terminal extension of distal suprategular apophysis; (2) embolic plate with relatively large, flat lamella comprise of anterior and dorsal projections; (3) embolus ordinarily stout and coiled at base and becoming slender toward tip. Epigynum consisting of (1) atrium, a large cavity opening posteriorly, with ventral covering below and dorsal wall above; (2) scape, posterior extension of ventral rim of atrium often long and slender, in some cases short and blunt, in others absent, usually with a small pit near distal end; (3) parmula, posterior extension of atrial plate, usually slender, with small pit near distal end; (4) spermathecae, one on each side in anterior part of internal epigynum. Wuliphantes gen. nov. shares a single character of a simple U- or J-shaped paracymbium with the genera Bathyphantes Menge, 1866, Kaestneria Wiehle, 1956 and Porrhomma Simon, 1884: figs 55b, 61b, 68b (Bosmans 2006: fig. 1; Zhao & Li 2014: figs 5b, 8b, 47b, 49b; Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 3b, 6b; Merrett 1963: fig. 21a–b; Tao et al. 1995: figs 76, 82–83; Ruzicka 2018: fig. 2a). Wuliphantes gen. nov. can be distinguished from the genera Bathyphantes Menge, 1866, Kaestneria Wiehle, 1956 and Porrhomma Simon, 1884 by the embolus very long, forming two to four coils in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 55A, 58A, 61A), whereas embolus short, probably with half or single coil in Bathyphantes (Bosmans 2006: fig. 1; Zhao & Li, 2014 figs 5b, 8b, Zhao & Li, 2014 figs 47b, 49b), embolus stout, relatively short with pointed end in Kaestneria (Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 3b, 6b; Merrett 1963: fig. 21a–b; Tao et al. 1995: figs 76, 82–83), embolus short, reaching to tip of anterior projection of embolic plate to form half circle in Porrhomma (Ruzicka 2018: figs 2a, 19b); embolic plate with two projections (dorsal and ventral) in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 55D, 58A, 61D), whereas with two to three projections (anterior, dorsal and ventral) in Bathyphantes (Zhao & Li 2014: figs 5–6, 8), Kaestneria (dorsal) (Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 3b, 6b) and in Porrhomma (anterior, posterior and dorsal) (Ruzicka 2018: fig. 19b); distal end of tegulum long with a conspicuous membranous protegulum in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 55B, 58B, 61B), whereas distal end of tegulum round, protegulum absent in Bathyphantes (Zhao & Li 2014: figs 5–6, 8). Female can be distinguished by the scape absent in epigyne in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 56A–B, 59A–B, 62A–B), whereas present in Bathyphantes (Tanasevitch 2011: figs 13, 30–34; 2014: fig. 21), Kaestneria (dorsal) (Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 3b, 4a, 6b; Zhao & Li 2014: figs 47b, 48a, 49b) and with a small protegulum in Porrhomma (Ruzicka 2018: fig. 2a–b), but can be distinguished by the copulatory ducts transparent, with several tightly coiled coils before entering spermathecae in Wuliphantes gen. nov. (Figs 56B–C, 59B–C, 62B–C), whereas without tightened coils in Bathyphantes (Tanasevitch 2011: figs 13, 30–34) except Bathyphantes paracymbialis Tanasevitch, 2014, of which the copulatory ducts form two wide loops (Tanasevitch 2014: fig. 23); spermathecae compact in W. guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. and W. trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 56C, 62C) and helical in W. tongluensis gen. et comb. nov. (Fig. 59C). The diagnostic characters proposed for Wuliphantes gen. nov. (embolus long, forming more than one coil; tegulum with conspicuous protegulum; embolic plate with long ventral projection of lamella in male palp; in the epigyne, scape and parmula absent) are all apomorphic in nature that distinguish this genus from all other genera and also support Wuliphantes gen. nov. to accommodate W. guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov., W. trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. and W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 68-69, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Irfan M., Wang L. Y. & Zhang Z. S. 2022. Two new species of Micronetinae Hull, 1920 spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China. Acta Arachnologica Sinica 31 (1): 17 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.3969 / j. issn. 1005 - 9628.2022.01.003","Chen Z. F. & Song D. X. 1988. A new species of the genus Bathyphantes from China (Araneae: Linyphiidae. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 13: 42 - 44.","Ivie W. 1969. North American spiders of the genus Bathyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae). American Museum Novitates 2364: 1 - 70.","Menge A. 1866. Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N. F.) 1: 1 - 152.","Wiehle H. 1956. Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea (Araneae). 28. Familie Linyphiidae - Baldachinspinnen. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 44: 1 - 337.","Simon E. 1884. Les Arachnides de France. Tome cinquieme, deuxieme et troisieme partie. Roret, Paris.","Bosmans R. 2006. Contribution to the knowledge of the Linyphiidae of the Maghreb. Part XI. Miscellaneous linyphiid genera and additions (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae). Bulletin & Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 141: 125 - 161.","Zhao Q. Y. & Li S. Q. 2014. A survey of linyphiid spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Linyphiidae). ZooKeys 460: 1 - 181. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 460.7799","Irfan M. & Peng X. J. 2018. Three new species of Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Yunnan, China. Oriental Insects 52 (3): 229 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2017.1398115","Merrett P. 1963. The palpus of male spiders of the family Linyphiidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 140 (3): 347 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1963. tb 01867. x","Tao Y., Li S. Q. & Zhu C. D. 1995. Linyphiid spiders of Changbai Mountains, China (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae). Beitrage zur Araneologie 4 (1994): 241 - 288.","Ruzicka V. 2018. A review of the spider genus Porrhomma (Araneae, Linyphiidae). Zootaxa 4481 (1): 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4481.1.1","Tanasevitch A. V. 2011. On synonymy of linyphiid spiders of the Russian fauna (Arachnida: Aranei: Linyphiidae). Arthropoda Selecta 20 (2): 129 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 20.2.05","Tanasevitch A. V. 2014. New species and records of linyphiid spiders from Laos (Araneae, Linyphiidae. Zootaxa 3841 (1): 67 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.1.3"]}

Stemonyphantes bifurcus sp. nov. (叉冠蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 79E6DE86-42CB-453B-B116-8B35347D28D6 Figs 46, 48A Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) in having the similar paracymbium (Fig. 46B; Hormiga et al. 2021: fig. 8a) but can be distinguished by the radix with bifurcated anterior radical process (Fig. 46A); tegulum with three anterior tegular process (Fig. 46A–B, D). Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ bifurcus ’ meaning ‘bifurcate’ and referring to the distal end of radix being bifurcated with two radical processes in male palp (Fig. 46A–B, D). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-19-01. Paratype CHINA • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-19-02. Description Male (holotype, Figs 46, 48A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 3.57 long; carapace 1.95 long, 1.21 wide; abdomen 1.88 long, 1.43 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.08, PME–PME 0.08 AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PLE 0.11, ALE–ALE 0.61, PLE–PLE 0.64, ALE–PLE 0.02, AME–PME 0.11. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.28 high. CHELICERAE. With four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 7.26 (1.96, 2.33, 1.77, 1.20), II 6.66 (1.82, 2.13, 1.62, 1.09), III 5.39 (1.61, 1.71, 1.31,0.76), IV 6.78 (1.77, 2.21, 1.81, 0.99). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.26 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, grey, dorsally with black and white patches extending laterally, ventral side grey. PALP (Fig. 46). Patella as long as tibia, slightly curved, dorsally with long thick spine; tibia longer than wide, with two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria; ventral tibial apophysis slightly curved with blunt end. Cymbial process broad, D-shaped in ventral view. Paracymbium J–shaped, with thick spines on proximal part. Tegulum with three anterior tegular apophyses, gradually narrow towards distal end with notched tip. Embolic division: radix longer than wide, anterior radical process bifurcated. Embolus long and thin, whip-like. Female Unknown. Distribution Known from type locality., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae [= Stockholm]. Araneae. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Hormiga G., Kulkarni S., Moreira da Silva T. & Dimitrov D. 2021. Molecular phylogeny of pimoid spiders and the limits of Linyphiidae, with a reassessment of male palpal homologies (Araneae, Pimoidae). Zootaxa 5026 (1): 71 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5026.1.3"]}

Wuliphantes trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. (三圈五里蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E42DFF20-0133-4382-A787-90B1DE1CAF06 Figs 61–63 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Wuliphantes guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. and W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. in having similar genital organs of both male palp and epigyne (Figs 55–56, 58–59, 61–62), but can be distinguished from both of the species by the embolus with about three coils in the new species (Fig. 61A), whereas with four coils in W. guanshan (Fig. 55A) and with two coils in W. tongluensis (Fig. 58A); base of protegulum with about eight small teeth in new species (Fig. 58B), whereas teeth absent in both W. guanshan (Fig. 55B) and W. tongluensis (Fig. 58B). In epigyne, copulatory ducts with about seven coils before entering the spermathecae in the new species (Fig. 62B–C), whereas with eight coils in W. guanshan (Fig. 59B–C) and with five coils in W. tongluensis (Fig. 59B–C). All of the three species have conspicuous differences in the shape of spermathecae (Figs 56C, 59C, 62C). Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin prefix ‘ tri ’ and the noun ‘ gyrus ’ meaning ‘three and coils’ and referring to the embolus with three circles in male palp (Fig. 61A). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Dangyang Town; 31°24′8.26″ N, 109°58′45.57″ E; elev. 823 m; 1 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-25-01. Paratypes CHINA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-25-02 • 2 ♂♂; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Wushanya; 31°28′21.35″ N, 109°59′10.29″ E; elev. 1740 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-25-03–04 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-25-05. Description Male (holotype, Figs 62, 63A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.87 long; carapace 0.70 long, 0.73 wide; abdomen 1.17 long, 0.71 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.33, PLE–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.07. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellowish-brown; cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.15 high. CHELICERAE. With three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow. Length of legs: I 3.64 (0.96, 1.19, 0.78, 0.71), II 3.22 (0.91, 1.06,0.67,0.58), III 2.54 (0.77, 0.76,0.54,0.47), IV 3.55 (0.95, 1.17, 0.76, 0.76, 0.67). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.31 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, gray, dorsally with transverse dark chevrons, ventral side gray. PALP (Fig. 61). Tibia conic, with two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothrium, with many short and long spine-like hairs on all surfaces. Paracymbium sclerotized, simple, proximal end wide with thick spines, distal arm slightly curved extending towards cymbium with relatively broad tip covered by lateral margin of cymbium; tegulum longer than wide with a well-developed protegulum bulge on ectal side, eight small teeth present at the base of protegulum; embolic plate highly developed, with a short finger-shaped dorsal projection of embolic plate and a long ventral projection of embolic plate extending towards distal end with curved pointed tip; embolic plate dorsally with a long, thick spine (pointed with white arrow on the Fig. 5A); embolus with three coils, originating at 12 o’clock on prolateral side of palp. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-25-02, Figs 62, 63B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.65 long; carapace 0.85 long, 0.64 wide; abdomen 1.02 long, 0.65 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.28, PLE–PLE 0.30, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.07. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.12 high. CHELICERAE. With three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow. Length of legs: I 3.26 (0.87, 1.07, 0.74, 0.58), II 3.09 (0.84, 0.95, 0.74, 0.56), III 2.42 (0.71, 0.75, 0.51, 0.45), IV 3.17 (0.92, 0.99, 0.72, 0.54). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.23 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 62). Ventral plate unmodified; dorsal plate somewhat rectangular; copulatory opening inconspicuous, present posteriorly; copulatory ducts forming seven coils before joining the spermathecae; spermathecae compact, present at the apex of the dorsal plate; fertilization ducts extending mesally. Distribution Known from type locality., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 70-80, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Irfan M., Wang L. Y. & Zhang Z. S. 2022. Two new species of Micronetinae Hull, 1920 spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China. Acta Arachnologica Sinica 31 (1): 17 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.3969 / j. issn. 1005 - 9628.2022.01.003","Chen Z. F. & Song D. X. 1988. A new species of the genus Bathyphantes from China (Araneae: Linyphiidae. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 13: 42 - 44."]}

Dicymbium pingqianense sp. nov. (前双舟蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D0705FE9-9526-49A9-ABE1-8F74EEEAE35F Figs 7–9 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Dicymbium sinofacetum Tanasevitch, 2006 in having the tibia with similar retrolateral tibial apophysis, anterior redical process and epigyne with similar ventral and dorsal plates (Figs 7–8; Song & Li 2008: figs 1–3, 12), but can be distinguished by the embolus with two loops in new species (Fig. 7B), whereas with one loop in D. sinofacetum (Song & Li 2008: fig. 2); tailpiece oval in new species (Fig. 7A), whereas with foot-shaped in D. sinofacetum (Song & Li 2008: fig. 3); spermathecae head separated by a minimal distance in new species (Fig. 8D), whereas the gap between spermathecae relatively large in D. sinofacetum (Song & Li 2008: fig. 10). Etymology This epithet derives from the type locality. Type material Holotype CHINA ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°22′22.75″ N, 109°56′17.25″ E; elev. 1832 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-05-01. Paratypes CHINA • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-05-02–07 • 1 ♂; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Mountain; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′28.04″ E; elev. 2150 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-05-08. Description Male (holotype, Figs 7, 9A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.76 long; carapace 0.87 long, 0.67 wide; abdomen 0.99 long, 0.67 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.03, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.31, PLE–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.10. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace brown; cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.13 high. CHELICERAE. With five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.51 (0.74, 0.81, 0.54, 0.42), II 2.33 (0.70, 0.74, 0.51, 0.38), III 2 (0.59, 0.62, 0.45, 0.34), IV 2.69 (0.79, 0.91, 0.58, 0.41). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.41 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. ABDOMEN. Oval, light gray, densely covered with fine spines, ventral side light gray. PALP (Fig. 7). Patella as long as tibia, relatively broad at distal end. Tibia narrowed distally; with vimineous bifurcate prolateral tibial apophysis strongly curved to retrolateral side; with complicated retrolateral tibial apophysis composed of triangular upper and nether part; with two retrolateral and one prolateral tibial trichobothria. Paracymbium sclerotized, distal arm hook-shaped (Fig. 2). Protegulum reduced or absent. Suprategulum with two apophyses, marginal suprategular apophysis arc-shaped with blunt end; distal suprategular apophysis trifurcate, the small branch of which is mostly covered by the outer two large branches. Anterior radical process long and narrow, with membranous lower surface. Tailpiece curved upwards, oval in prolateral view. Embolus two loops, with a narrow membrane along the inner margin. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-05-02, Figs 8–9B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.03 long; carapace 0.85 long, 0.66 wide; abdomen 1.25 long, 0.84 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.27, PLE–PLE 0.28, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.10. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.12 high. CHELICERAE. With five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.58 (0.75, 0.85, 0.54, 0.44), II 2.33 (0.68, 0.76, 0.48, 0.41), III 1.99 (0.57, 0.65, 0.44, 0.33), IV 2.70 (0.82, 0.92, 0.57, 0.39). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.39 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 8). Elliptical with a longitudinal fissure in the center. Dorsal plate triangular, with posterior margins turned up. A pair of semicircular depressions present along the posterior margins of epigyne. Spermathecae oblong and separated by a minimal distance. Copulatory ducts expanded at the beginning to be sac-shaped and followed by a broad loop before entering into spermathecae. Fertilization ducts posteriorly orientated and C-shaped. Distribution Known from type locality.

Neriene emphana (Walckenaer, 1841) (AE目⁂蛛) Figs 28–30 Linyphia emphana Walckenaer, 1841: 246 (Df); Dahl, 1883: 38 (Dm). Neriene emphana – van Helsdingen 1969: 210, figs 11–12, 294–304 (mf). — Li et al. 2018: 24, figs 21a– i, 22a–f, 23a–e (mf). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Wushanya; 31°28′27.41″ N, 109°59′5.22″ E; elev. 1753 m; 21 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-12-01–02 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°21′35.66″ N, 109°54′49.24″ E; elev. 1835 m; 23 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-12-03. Distribution Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, China (Chongqing), Korea, Japan., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 33-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Walckenaer C. A. 1841. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Apteres. Tome deuxieme. Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61095","Helsdingen P. J. van 1969. A reclassification of the species of Linyphia Latreille based on the functioning of the genitalia (Araneida, Linyphiidae), I. Zoologische Verhandelingen 105: 1 - 303.","Li J. Y., Liu J. & Chen J. 2018. A review of some Neriene spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from China. Zootaxa 4513 (1): 1 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4513.1.1","World Spider Catalog 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed on 29 Nov. 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2","Chen J. & Zhu C. D. 1989. Two new species of spider of the genus Neriene from Hubei, China (Araneae: Linyphiidae. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 14: 160 - 165.","Schenkel E. 1963. Ostasiatische Spinnen aus dem Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris (A, Zool.) 25: 1 - 481."]}

Dicymbium pingqianense sp. nov. (前双舟蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D0705FE9-9526-49A9-ABE1-8F74EEEAE35F Figs 7–9 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Dicymbium sinofacetum Tanasevitch, 2006 in having the tibia with similar retrolateral tibial apophysis, anterior redical process and epigyne with similar ventral and dorsal plates (Figs 7–8; Song & Li 2008: figs 1–3, 12), but can be distinguished by the embolus with two loops in new species (Fig. 7B), whereas with one loop in D. sinofacetum (Song & Li 2008: fig. 2); tailpiece oval in new species (Fig. 7A), whereas with foot-shaped in D. sinofacetum (Song & Li 2008: fig. 3); spermathecae head separated by a minimal distance in new species (Fig. 8D), whereas the gap between spermathecae relatively large in D. sinofacetum (Song & Li 2008: fig. 10). Etymology This epithet derives from the type locality. Type material Holotype CHINA ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°22′22.75″ N, 109°56′17.25″ E; elev. 1832 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-05-01. Paratypes CHINA • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-05-02–07 • 1 ♂; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Mountain; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′28.04″ E; elev. 2150 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-05-08. Description Male (holotype, Figs 7, 9A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.76 long; carapace 0.87 long, 0.67 wide; abdomen 0.99 long, 0.67 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.03, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.31, PLE–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.10. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace brown; cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.13 high. CHELICERAE. With five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.51 (0.74, 0.81, 0.54, 0.42), II 2.33 (0.70, 0.74, 0.51, 0.38), III 2 (0.59, 0.62, 0.45, 0.34), IV 2.69 (0.79, 0.91, 0.58, 0.41). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.41 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. ABDOMEN. Oval, light gray, densely covered with fine spines, ventral side light gray. PALP (Fig. 7). Patella as long as tibia, relatively broad at distal end. Tibia narrowed distally; with vimineous bifurcate prolateral tibial apophysis strongly curved to retrolateral side; with complicated retrolateral tibial apophysis composed of triangular upper and nether part; with two retrolateral and one prolateral tibial trichobothria. Paracymbium sclerotized, distal arm hook-shaped (Fig. 2). Protegulum reduced or absent. Suprategulum with two apophyses, marginal suprategular apophysis arc-shaped with blunt end; distal suprategular apophysis trifurcate, the small branch of which is mostly covered by the outer two large branches. Anterior radical process long and narrow, with membranous lower surface. Tailpiece curved upwards, oval in prolateral view. Embolus two loops, with a narrow membrane along the inner margin. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-05-02, Figs 8–9B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.03 long; carapace 0.85 long, 0.66 wide; abdomen 1.25 long, 0.84 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.27, PLE–PLE 0.28, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.10. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.12 high. CHELICERAE. With five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.58 (0.75, 0.85, 0.54, 0.44), II 2.33 (0.68, 0.76, 0.48, 0.41), III 1.99 (0.57, 0.65, 0.44, 0.33), IV 2.70 (0.82, 0.92, 0.57, 0.39). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.39 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 8). Elliptical with a longitudinal fissure in the center. Dorsal plate triangular, with posterior margins turned up. A pair of semicircular depressions present along the posterior margins of epigyne. Spermathecae oblong and separated by a minimal distance. Copulatory ducts expanded at the beginning to be sac-shaped and followed by a broad loop before entering into spermathecae. Fertilization ducts posteriorly orientated and C-shaped. Distribution Known from type locality., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 13-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Song Y. J. & Li S. Q. 2008. A taxonomic study of five erigonine spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from China. Arthropoda Selecta 17: 87 - 100."]}

Neriene longipedella (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (长肢⁂蛛) Figs 35–37 Linyphia marginata longipedella Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 173, fig. 192. Neriene longipedella – van Helsdingen 1969: 235, figs 325–333 (mf). — Fu 2018: 42, figs 5–9a–g, pl. 10 (mf). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°21′35.66″ N, 109°54′49.24″ E; elev. 1835 m; 22 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-15-01–03. Distribution Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Bosenberg W. & Strand E. 1906. Japanische Spinnen. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 30: 93 - 422.","Helsdingen P. J. van 1969. A reclassification of the species of Linyphia Latreille based on the functioning of the genitalia (Araneida, Linyphiidae), I. Zoologische Verhandelingen 105: 1 - 303.","Fu L. N. 2018. Linyphiidae, Phrurolithidae, Salticidae. In: Zhang F. & Xue X. F. (eds) Fauna of Tianmu Mountain. Volume II. Arachnida. Araneae Eriophyoidea. Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou.","World Spider Catalog 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed on 29 Nov. 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Neriene cavaleriei (Schenkel, 1963) (卡氏⁂蛛) Figs 25–27 Linyphia cavaleriei Schenkel, 1963: 119, fig. 71 (Dm). Neriene cavaleriei – van Helsdingen 1969: 153, figs 200–204 (Tm from Linyphia). — Fu 2018: 40, figs 5, 6a–c, pl. 9 (f). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Reshuiba; 31°24′2.02″ N, 109°58′24.16″ E, elev. 790 m; 24 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-11-01–03. Distribution China (Chongqing), Vietnam., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on page 33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Schenkel E. 1963. Ostasiatische Spinnen aus dem Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle de Paris (A, Zool.) 25: 1 - 481.","Helsdingen P. J. van 1969. A reclassification of the species of Linyphia Latreille based on the functioning of the genitalia (Araneida, Linyphiidae), I. Zoologische Verhandelingen 105: 1 - 303.","Fu L. N. 2018. Linyphiidae, Phrurolithidae, Salticidae. In: Zhang F. & Xue X. F. (eds) Fauna of Tianmu Mountain. Volume II. Arachnida. Araneae Eriophyoidea. Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou.","World Spider Catalog 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed on 29 Nov. 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Ketambea nigripectoris (Oi, 1960) (黑NJdz其蛛) Figs 17–19 Neolinyphia nigripectoris Oi, 1960: 227, figs 330–332 (Dmf). Ketambea nigripectoris – Zhou et al. 2018: 492, figs 1a–d, 2a–b, 3a–d, 4a–d (mf, T from Neriene). — Li et al. 2018: 6, figs 4a–g, 5a–e, 6a–e (mf). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Township, Nongcun; 31°20′37.14″ N, 109°56′24.17″ E; elev. 1348 m; 24 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-08-01–04 • 2 ♂♂; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Xinmin Village; 31°20′28.56″ N, 109°55′16.77″ E; elev. 1340 m; 22 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-08-05–06 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township Miaotang; 31°21′39.92″ N, 110°06′07.50″ E; elev. 1065 m; 19 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-08-07–10 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Yuling Village; 31°21′45.72″ N, 109°58′3.68″ E; elev. 760 m; 22 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-08-11 • 2 ♀♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Township Rural Area; 31°20′39.76″ N, 109°56′4.14″ E; elev. 1329 m; 22 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-08-12–13. Distribution Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 24-27, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Oi R. 1960. Linyphiid spiders of Japan. Journal of the Institute of Polytechnics Osaka City University 11 (D): 137 - 244.","Zhou G. C., Irfan M. & Peng X. J. 2018. Redescription of Ketambea nigripectoris (Oi, 1960) comb. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology 42 (4): 488 - 494. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / zoo - 1803 - 29","Li J. Y., Liu J. & Chen J. 2018. A review of some Neriene spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from China. Zootaxa 4513 (1): 1 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4513.1.1","World Spider Catalog 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed on 29 Nov. 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Ryojius simplex sp. nov. (Ȓ良ǿ蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3798EECE-5A0C-4578-8754-8D5DF908B300 Figs 43–45 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Ryojius nanyuensis (Chen & Yin, 2000) (Figs 43–47; Tu et al. 2006: figs 15–23) but can be distinguished by the lamella characteristca single branched in male palp in new species (Fig. 43A–B, D), whereas with two branches in R. nanyuensis (Tu et al. 2006: figs 15–16); distal part of paracymbium apex L-shaped in male palp in new species (Fig. 43B), whereas V-shaped in R. nanyuensis (Tu et al. 2006: fig 15). In epigyne, basal part of scape not covering all of the distal part in ventral view in new species (Fig. 44A–B), whereas covering most of it in R. nanyuensis (Tu et al. 2006: fig 21). Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ simplex ’ meaning ‘simple’ and referring to the lamella characteristca of the male palp being simple, with unmodified tip (Fig. 43A–B, D). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-18-01. Paratypes CHINA • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-18-02. Description Male (holotype, Figs 43, 45A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.18 long; carapace 0.98 long, 0.80 wide; abdomen 1.10 long, 0.76 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.31, PLE–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.04. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellowish-brown, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.13 high. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.75 (0.81, 0.93, 0.61, 0.40), II 2.58 (0.73, 0.88, 0.58, 0.39), III 2.23 (0.65, 0.72, 0.51, 0.35), IV 2.72 (0.79, 0.92, 0.59, 0.42). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.26 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, light grey, dorsally with three cheverons posteriorly, ventral side light grey. PALP (Fig. 43). Patella short. Tibia with strongly sclerotised dorsal apophysis pointing laterally. Distal part of paracymbium with V-shaped apex, with broad blunt end. Pit hook on suprategulum long, distally arc-shaped with pointed end. Radix anterior part long, lancet-like. Lamella characteristca transparent, short, tip unmodified, apex retained below the anterior terminal apophysis. Anterior terminal apophysis thumb-shaped, with blunt end. Embolus conspicuously large, posteriorly curved about half circle, with conspicuous serrated area, embolus proper blunt, apex strongly sclerotized. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-18-02, Figs 44, 45B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.83 long; carapace 0.82 long, 0.64 wide; abdomen 1.29 long, 0.58 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.26, PLE–PLE 0.29, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.05. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.12 high. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.20 (0.64, 0.76, 0.43, 0.37), II 1.94 (0.57, 0.66, 0.39, 0.32), III 1.67 (0.49, 0.52, 0.36, 0.32), IV 2.11 (0.63, 0.70, 0.44, 0.34). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.24 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 44). Scape wider than long, basal part of scape posteriorly C-shaped; distal part of scape grooved with lateral pockets on inner surface. Stretcher conspicuous, tongue-shaped. Posterior median plate broad, somewhat rectangular. Spermathecae globular, situates dorso–laterally. Distribution Known from type locality.

Neriene oidedicata van Helsdingen, 1969 (大井⁂蛛) Figs 38–39B Linyphia albolimbata Yaginuma, 1960: 41, fig. 40.3 (f, misidentified). Neriene oidedicata – van Helsdingen 1969: 146, figs 189–199 (Dmf). — Fu 2018: 44, figs 5–11a–c, pl. 10 (f, lapsus). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Dangyang Township, Congping Management Station; 31°23′38.91″ N, 110°01′56.59″ E; elev. 1941 m; 19 Apr. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and Z. J. Shi leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-16-01–03 • 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Zhuxian Township, Miaotang; 31°21′39.92″ N, 110°06′07.50″ E; elev. 1065 m; 19 Jul. 2021; Z.S. Zhang, L.Y Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-16-04. Distribution Nepal, China, Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Helsdingen P. J. van 1969. A reclassification of the species of Linyphia Latreille based on the functioning of the genitalia (Araneida, Linyphiidae), I. Zoologische Verhandelingen 105: 1 - 303.","Yaginuma T. 1960. Spiders of Japan in Colour. Hoikusha, Osaka.","Fu L. N. 2018. Linyphiidae, Phrurolithidae, Salticidae. In: Zhang F. & Xue X. F. (eds) Fauna of Tianmu Mountain. Volume II. Arachnida. Araneae Eriophyoidea. Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou.","World Spider Catalog 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed on 29 Nov. 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Dicristatus minutus gen. et sp. nov. (微二叉蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5C8B2773-385A-4E81-AC05-6A9A922C0075 Figs 4–6 Differential diagnosis Dicristatus minutus gen. et sp. nov. can be diagnosed by the lower projection of dorsal tibial apophysis with seven teeth and the upper projection with six teeth; anterior radical process comma-shaped in retrolateral view in male palp. Dorsal plate outline anteriorly V-shaped in epigyne. Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ minutus ’ meaning ‘minute’ and referring to the very small embolus, completely covered by the distal suprategular apophysis in male palp (Fig. 4B, D). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-04-01. Paratypes CHINA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-04-02 • 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township Miaotang; 31°21′39.92″ N, 110°06′07.50″ E; elev. 1065 m; 19 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-04-03. Description Male (holotype, Figs 4, 6A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.61 long; carapace 0.79 long, 0.60 wide; abdomen 0.98 long, 0.62 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.03, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.24, PLE–PLE 0.27, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME– PME 0.05. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow; cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.15 high. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.56 (0.69, 0.88, 0.56, 0.43), II 2.28 (0.61, 0.78, 0.52, 0.37), III 1.94 (0.55, 0.62, 0.44, 0.33), IV 2.52 (0.72, 0.85, 0.58, 0.37). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.29 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. ABDOMEN. Oval, light gray to green, densely covered with fine spines, ventral side light gray. PALP (Fig. 4). Patella short, medially grooved. Tibia with one retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria, retrolateral tibial apophysis absent; dorsal tibial apophysis large, tongue-shaped in ventral view, retrolateral margin with a row of comb macrosetae, ventrally with a pair of comb-shaped projections; lower projection with seven teeth and upper projection with six teeth; cymbial retrobasal process with a small projection, extending retrolaterally, covering basal part of paracymbium; paracymbium J-shaped, distal arm tip with an indent; protegulum small; suprategulum with a sharp median tooth of distal suprategular apophysis; distal suprategular apophysis robust, distally bifurcated, completely covering the embolus. Embolic division: tailpiece foot-shaped; anterior radical process comma-shaped in retrolateral view, strongly sclerotized, outer surface serrated; embolic membrane reduced, curved with pointed end; embolus black, strongly sclerotized, minute with pointed end, hardly visible on undissected palp. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-04-02, Figs 5, 6B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.82 long; carapace 0.82 long, 0.56 wide; abdomen 1.27 long, 0.67 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.05, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.23, PLE–PLE 0.28, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.06. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.11 high. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.31 (0.66, 0.84, 0.49, 0.32), II 2.13 (0.61, 0.72, 0.46, 0.34), III 1.84 (0.53, 0.63, 0.39, 0.29), IV 2.40 (0.68, 0.84, 0.49, 0.39). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.39 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 5). Ventral plate wider than long; copulatory ducts forming a broad loop outside ventral plate, extending posteriorly above the epigastric furrow; copulatory openings situated mid-ventrally in the inner margin loop of copulatory ducts; dorsal plate heart-shaped, longer than wide, posterior margin round, with a deep depression at center. Vulva: spermathecae round, antero-laterally positioned, pointing away from each other. Fertilization ducts antero-mesally oriented. Distribution Known from type locality., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 9-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049

Indophantes wushanensis sp. nov. (巫山Ḥ蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C5321FB0-8F3E-4820-9889-AD876CD7B623 Figs 13–16 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Indophantes halonatus (Li & Zhu, 1995) in having the similar radix and pit hook in male palp and epigyne with quadrangular pseudoscape (Figs 13A–C, 14–15A; Tu, Saaristo & Li 2006: fig. 29), but can be distinguished by: the lateral margin of distal arm of paracymbium with two small lobes in new species (Fig. 13B), whereas with one lobe in I. halonatus (Tu, Saaristo & Li 2006: fig. 28). Thumb tomb-shaped in new species (Fig. 14A), whereas serrated margin with pointed tip in I. halonatus (Tu, Saaristo & Li 2006, fig. 31). Spermathecae round in new species (Fig. 15D), whereas lobed in I. halonatus (Tu, Saaristo & Li 2006: figs 34–35). Etymology The epithet is derived from the type locality. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Dangyang Township, Wushanya; 31°28′21.35″ N, 109°59′10.29″ E; elev. 1740 m; 1 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-01. Paratypes CHINA • 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-07-02–11 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Mountain; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′28.04″ E; elev. 2150 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-12–15 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Management and Protection Station; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′3.32″ E; elev. 1970 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-16–18 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°22′22.75″ N, 109°56′17.25″ E; elev. 1832 m; 4 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-19 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-20 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Xiang Yaocai Village; 31°18′57.96″ N, 110°5′23.55″ E; elev. 1681 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T. Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-07-21–22. Description Male (holotype, Figs 13, 16A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.26 long; carapace 1.02 long, 0.81 wide; abdomen 1.23 long, 0.73 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.10, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.35, PLE–PLE 0.38, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.08. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.17 high. CHELICERAE. With three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 5.55 (1.44, 1.71, 1.45, 0.95), II 4.88 (1.29, 1.52, 1.25, 0.82), III 3.54 (1, 1.07, 0.93, 0.54), IV 4.57 (1.23, 1.40, 1.22, 0.72). Leg formula I-II-IV-III. TmI 0.27 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, grey, posteriorly with three chevrons, base of spinnerets black, ventral side grey. PALP (Figs 13–14). Patella shorter than tibia, dorsally with a long spine; tibia conic, with two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria; proximal cymbial apophysis thumb-shaped with blunt end; paracymbium sclerotized, U-shaped, distal arm margin with two small lobes, narrowing apically; distal part of suprategulum protruding above, with claw-like pit hook. Lamella characteristca with basal sclerite, with three chitinised branches and one additional more or less transparent extension with frayed margin. Terminal apophysis short with pointed end. Embolus with bifurcated tip with pointed end. Embolus proper sclerotized with pointed tip. Thumb tomb-like, with pointed apex. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-07-02, Figs 15, 16B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.25 long; carapace 1.04 long, 0.77 wide; abdomen 1.47 long, 0.95 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances:AME 0.05, ALE 0.09, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.03, PME–PME 0.05, AME– ALE 0.05, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.34, PLE–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.10. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.12 high. CHELICERAE. With five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 4.74 (1.23, 1.51, 1.21, 0.79), II 4.23 (1.14, 1.31, 1.06, 0.72), III 3.09 (0.86, 0.91, 0.81, 0.51), IV 3.98 (1.14, 1.20, 1.01, 0.63). Leg formula I-II-IV-III. TmI 0.25 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 15). Pseudoscape rectangular; stretcher tongue-shaped; entrance groove presents inside lateral pockets; posterior median plate triangular; spermathecae round. Distribution Known from type locality., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 17-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Li S. Q. & Zhu C. D. 1995. Five new species of linyphiid spiders from China (Araneae: Linyphiidae. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 20: 39 - 48.","Oi R. 1979. New linyphiid spiders of Japan I (Linyphiidae). Baika Literary Bulletin 16: 325 - 341."]}

Walckenaeria asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011 (不对称瓦蛛) Figs 52–54 Walckenaeria asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011: 176, figs 1a–g, 2a–g (Dmf). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Zhaoyang Ping; 31°16′23.77″ N, 110°5′45.79″ E; elev. 1575 m; 5 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-01 • 1 ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Xiang Yaocai Village; 31°18′57.96″ N, 110°5′23.55″ E; elev. 1681 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-02 • 5 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-03–07 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-08–09. • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Qiqi Mountain; 31°28′6.55″ N, 109°58′42.97″ E; elev. 1475 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-10. Distribution China (Chongqing).

Dicristatus minutus gen. et sp. nov. (微二叉蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5C8B2773-385A-4E81-AC05-6A9A922C0075 Figs 4–6 Differential diagnosis Dicristatus minutus gen. et sp. nov. can be diagnosed by the lower projection of dorsal tibial apophysis with seven teeth and the upper projection with six teeth; anterior radical process comma-shaped in retrolateral view in male palp. Dorsal plate outline anteriorly V-shaped in epigyne. Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ minutus ’ meaning ‘minute’ and referring to the very small embolus, completely covered by the distal suprategular apophysis in male palp (Fig. 4B, D). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-04-01. Paratypes CHINA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-04-02 • 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township Miaotang; 31°21′39.92″ N, 110°06′07.50″ E; elev. 1065 m; 19 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-04-03. Description Male (holotype, Figs 4, 6A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.61 long; carapace 0.79 long, 0.60 wide; abdomen 0.98 long, 0.62 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.03, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.24, PLE–PLE 0.27, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME– PME 0.05. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow; cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.15 high. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.56 (0.69, 0.88, 0.56, 0.43), II 2.28 (0.61, 0.78, 0.52, 0.37), III 1.94 (0.55, 0.62, 0.44, 0.33), IV 2.52 (0.72, 0.85, 0.58, 0.37). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.29 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. ABDOMEN. Oval, light gray to green, densely covered with fine spines, ventral side light gray. PALP (Fig. 4). Patella short, medially grooved. Tibia with one retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria, retrolateral tibial apophysis absent; dorsal tibial apophysis large, tongue-shaped in ventral view, retrolateral margin with a row of comb macrosetae, ventrally with a pair of comb-shaped projections; lower projection with seven teeth and upper projection with six teeth; cymbial retrobasal process with a small projection, extending retrolaterally, covering basal part of paracymbium; paracymbium J-shaped, distal arm tip with an indent; protegulum small; suprategulum with a sharp median tooth of distal suprategular apophysis; distal suprategular apophysis robust, distally bifurcated, completely covering the embolus. Embolic division: tailpiece foot-shaped; anterior radical process comma-shaped in retrolateral view, strongly sclerotized, outer surface serrated; embolic membrane reduced, curved with pointed end; embolus black, strongly sclerotized, minute with pointed end, hardly visible on undissected palp. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-04-02, Figs 5, 6B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.82 long; carapace 0.82 long, 0.56 wide; abdomen 1.27 long, 0.67 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.05, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.23, PLE–PLE 0.28, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.06. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.11 high. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 2.31 (0.66, 0.84, 0.49, 0.32), II 2.13 (0.61, 0.72, 0.46, 0.34), III 1.84 (0.53, 0.63, 0.39, 0.29), IV 2.40 (0.68, 0.84, 0.49, 0.39). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.39 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 5). Ventral plate wider than long; copulatory ducts forming a broad loop outside ventral plate, extending posteriorly above the epigastric furrow; copulatory openings situated mid-ventrally in the inner margin loop of copulatory ducts; dorsal plate heart-shaped, longer than wide, posterior margin round, with a deep depression at center. Vulva: spermathecae round, antero-laterally positioned, pointing away from each other. Fertilization ducts antero-mesally oriented. Distribution Known from type locality.

Walckenaeria asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011 (不对称瓦蛛) Figs 52–54 Walckenaeria asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011: 176, figs 1a–g, 2a–g (Dmf). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Zhaoyang Ping; 31°16′23.77″ N, 110°5′45.79″ E; elev. 1575 m; 5 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-01 • 1 ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Xiang Yaocai Village; 31°18′57.96″ N, 110°5′23.55″ E; elev. 1681 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-02 • 5 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-03–07 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-08–09. • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Qiqi Mountain; 31°28′6.55″ N, 109°58′42.97″ E; elev. 1475 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-23-10. Distribution China (Chongqing)., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Song Y. J. & Li S. Q. 2011. Notes on Walckenaeria species (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from China. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 118: 175 - 196."]}

Neriene calozonata Chen & Zhu, 1989 (丽带⁂蛛) Figs 24, 39A Neriene calozonata Chen & Zhu, 1989: 162, figs 12–18 (Df). Neriene calozonata – Yin et al. 2012: 519, fig. 243a–c (f). — Li et al. 2018: 24, figs 21a–i, 22a–f, 23a–e (mf). Material examined CHINA • 3 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°22′23.87″ N, 109°55′44.24″ E; elev. 1814 m; 22 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-10-01–03. Distribution China (Chongqing)., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on page 33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Chen J. & Zhu C. D. 1989. Two new species of spider of the genus Neriene from Hubei, China (Araneae: Linyphiidae. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 14: 160 - 165.","Yin C. M., Peng X. J., Yan H. M., Bao Y. H., Xu X., Tang G., Zhou Q. S. & Liu P. 2012. Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha.","Li J. Y., Liu J. & Chen J. 2018. A review of some Neriene spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from China. Zootaxa 4513 (1): 1 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4513.1.1"]}

Wuliphantes tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) comb. nov. (fiḃ五里蛛) Figs 58–60 Bathyphantes tongluensis Chen & Song, 1988: 42, figs 1–4 (Dmf). Bathyphantes tongluensis – Yin et al. 2012: 480, fig. 219a–e (mf). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y.Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-24-01–02. Distribution China (Chongqing)., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on page 70, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Chen Z. F. & Song D. X. 1988. A new species of the genus Bathyphantes from China (Araneae: Linyphiidae. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 13: 42 - 44.","Yin C. M., Peng X. J., Yan H. M., Bao Y. H., Xu X., Tang G., Zhou Q. S. & Liu P. 2012. Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha.","World Spider Catalog 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed on 29 Nov. 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Wuliphantes trigyrus gen. et sp. nov. (三圈五里蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E42DFF20-0133-4382-A787-90B1DE1CAF06 Figs 61–63 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Wuliphantes guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) gen. et comb. nov. and W. tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) gen. et comb. nov. in having similar genital organs of both male palp and epigyne (Figs 55–56, 58–59, 61–62), but can be distinguished from both of the species by the embolus with about three coils in the new species (Fig. 61A), whereas with four coils in W. guanshan (Fig. 55A) and with two coils in W. tongluensis (Fig. 58A); base of protegulum with about eight small teeth in new species (Fig. 58B), whereas teeth absent in both W. guanshan (Fig. 55B) and W. tongluensis (Fig. 58B). In epigyne, copulatory ducts with about seven coils before entering the spermathecae in the new species (Fig. 62B–C), whereas with eight coils in W. guanshan (Fig. 59B–C) and with five coils in W. tongluensis (Fig. 59B–C). All of the three species have conspicuous differences in the shape of spermathecae (Figs 56C, 59C, 62C). Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin prefix ‘ tri ’ and the noun ‘ gyrus ’ meaning ‘three and coils’ and referring to the embolus with three circles in male palp (Fig. 61A). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Dangyang Town; 31°24′8.26″ N, 109°58′45.57″ E; elev. 823 m; 1 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-25-01. Paratypes CHINA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-25-02 • 2 ♂♂; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Wushanya; 31°28′21.35″ N, 109°59′10.29″ E; elev. 1740 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-25-03–04 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-25-05. Description Male (holotype, Figs 62, 63A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.87 long; carapace 0.70 long, 0.73 wide; abdomen 1.17 long, 0.71 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.33, PLE–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.07. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellowish-brown; cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.15 high. CHELICERAE. With three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow. Length of legs: I 3.64 (0.96, 1.19, 0.78, 0.71), II 3.22 (0.91, 1.06,0.67,0.58), III 2.54 (0.77, 0.76,0.54,0.47), IV 3.55 (0.95, 1.17, 0.76, 0.76, 0.67). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.31 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, gray, dorsally with transverse dark chevrons, ventral side gray. PALP (Fig. 61). Tibia conic, with two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothrium, with many short and long spine-like hairs on all surfaces. Paracymbium sclerotized, simple, proximal end wide with thick spines, distal arm slightly curved extending towards cymbium with relatively broad tip covered by lateral margin of cymbium; tegulum longer than wide with a well-developed protegulum bulge on ectal side, eight small teeth present at the base of protegulum; embolic plate highly developed, with a short finger-shaped dorsal projection of embolic plate and a long ventral projection of embolic plate extending towards distal end with curved pointed tip; embolic plate dorsally with a long, thick spine (pointed with white arrow on the Fig. 5A); embolus with three coils, originating at 12 o’clock on prolateral side of palp. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-25-02, Figs 62, 63B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 1.65 long; carapace 0.85 long, 0.64 wide; abdomen 1.02 long, 0.65 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.28, PLE–PLE 0.30, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.07. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.12 high. CHELICERAE. With three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow. Length of legs: I 3.26 (0.87, 1.07, 0.74, 0.58), II 3.09 (0.84, 0.95, 0.74, 0.56), III 2.42 (0.71, 0.75, 0.51, 0.45), IV 3.17 (0.92, 0.99, 0.72, 0.54). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.23 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 62). Ventral plate unmodified; dorsal plate somewhat rectangular; copulatory opening inconspicuous, present posteriorly; copulatory ducts forming seven coils before joining the spermathecae; spermathecae compact, present at the apex of the dorsal plate; fertilization ducts extending mesally. Distribution Known from type locality.

Stemonyphantes bifurcus sp. nov. (叉冠蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 79E6DE86-42CB-453B-B116-8B35347D28D6 Figs 46, 48A Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) in having the similar paracymbium (Fig. 46B; Hormiga et al. 2021: fig. 8a) but can be distinguished by the radix with bifurcated anterior radical process (Fig. 46A); tegulum with three anterior tegular process (Fig. 46A–B, D). Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ bifurcus ’ meaning ‘bifurcate’ and referring to the distal end of radix being bifurcated with two radical processes in male palp (Fig. 46A–B, D). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°15′26.72″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1542 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-19-01. Paratype CHINA • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-19-02. Description Male (holotype, Figs 46, 48A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 3.57 long; carapace 1.95 long, 1.21 wide; abdomen 1.88 long, 1.43 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, ALE 0.13, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.08, PME–PME 0.08 AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PLE 0.11, ALE–ALE 0.61, PLE–PLE 0.64, ALE–PLE 0.02, AME–PME 0.11. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.28 high. CHELICERAE. With four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 7.26 (1.96, 2.33, 1.77, 1.20), II 6.66 (1.82, 2.13, 1.62, 1.09), III 5.39 (1.61, 1.71, 1.31,0.76), IV 6.78 (1.77, 2.21, 1.81, 0.99). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.26 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, grey, dorsally with black and white patches extending laterally, ventral side grey. PALP (Fig. 46). Patella as long as tibia, slightly curved, dorsally with long thick spine; tibia longer than wide, with two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria; ventral tibial apophysis slightly curved with blunt end. Cymbial process broad, D-shaped in ventral view. Paracymbium J–shaped, with thick spines on proximal part. Tegulum with three anterior tegular apophyses, gradually narrow towards distal end with notched tip. Embolic division: radix longer than wide, anterior radical process bifurcated. Embolus long and thin, whip-like. Female Unknown. Distribution Known from type locality.

Tapinopa guttata Komatsu, 1937 (Āfflĕ蛛) Figs 47–48B Tapinopa guttata Komatsu 1937: 162 (Dmf, attributed to Kishida). Tapinopa octodentata Wunderlich & Li, 1995: 337, figs 9–17 (Dmf). Tapinopa guttata – Zhu & Zhang 2011: 149, fig. 99a–e (mf). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Qiqi Mountain; 31°28′6.55″ N, 109°58′42.97″ E; elev. 1475 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-21-01. Distribution Russia (Far East), China, Japan., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on page 60, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Komatsu T. 1937. On the habit of Tapinopa guttata Kishida. Acta Arachnologica 2: 162 - 168.","Wunderlich J. & Li S. Q. 1995. Three new spider species and one new genus (family Linyphiidae) from China (Arachnida: Araneae). Beitrage zur Araneologie 4 (1994): 335 - 342.","Zhu M. S. & Zhang B. S. 2011. Spider Fauna of Henan: (Arachnida: Araneae). Science Press, Beijing.","World Spider Catalog 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed on 29 Nov. 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Agyneta orthogonia sp. nov. (矩ff皿蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D18563D3-C3D0-4876-B500-6D351950CB49 Figs 1–3 Differential diagnosis The male of this new species can be distinguished from all other congeners by the prolateral margin of anterior part of terminal apophysis flap-like with several teeth (Fig. 1A, D), seems like an aperture in ventral view (Fig. 1D). Female epigyne resembles that of Agyneta mollis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) in having the similar proximal part of scape and the small stretcher (Fig. 2; Dupérré 2013: figs 155–157), but can be distinguished from the latter species by the spermathecae spermathecae present anteriorly in anterior view in new species (Fig. 2B, E), whereas present antero-laterally in the latter species in new species (Fig. 2B, E), (Dupérré 2013: figs 156–157). Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ orthogonius ’ meaning ‘rectangular’ and referring to the proximal cymbial apophysis somewhat rectangular in prolateral view (Fig. 1A). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Xiang Yaocai Village; 31°18′57.96′′ N, 110°5′23.55′′ E; elev. 1681 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-03-01. Paratypes CHINA • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-03-02–10 • 20 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Qizhi Mountain; 31°28′6.55′′ N, 109°58′42.97′′ E; elev. 1475 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-03-11–42 • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-03-43–47. Description Male (holotype, Figs 1, 3A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.58 long; carapace 1.18 long, 0.94 wide; abdomen 1.39 long, 0.94 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.33, PLE–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.07. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow, brownish along margin, radiating lines; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.21 high. CHELICERAE. Yellowish-brown, excavated; retromargin at the base of fang with a rectangular projection; promargin and retromargin with two teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow. Length of legs: I 3.66 (1.03, 1.23, 0.85, 0.55), II 3.27 (0.95, 1.03,0.75,0.54), III 2.83 (0.77, 0.94, 0.69, 0.43), IV 3.89 (1.05, 1.38, 0.92, 0.54). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.28 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Uniformly brown. PALP (Fig. 1). Retrolateral tibial apophysis long, with blunt end; with two retrolateral and on dorsal trichobothria. Cymbium retrolateral margin with a shallow depression at the base; prolateral margin with a small tubercle; proximal cymbial apophysis somewhat rectangular in prolateral view. Paracymbium with well-developed anterior and apical pocket; apical pocket with two projections. Distal suprategular apophysis with medially bears a transparent column with small pit-hook; median membrane well-developed with serrated margin. Radix with a small transparent projection at the base of embolus, with sclerotized curved tip (white arrow indicates the position); lamella characteristca simple, without any spikes, relatively sclerotized, apically with serrated margin; anterior terminal apophysis flap-like, widened proximally, tip with several teeth; posterior terminal apophysis sclerotized, broad with smooth tip; embolus moderately bent, with a long, needle-shaped tooth at its base. Embolus relatively large, with Fickert’s gland present proximally. Embolus proper set apically, with serrated margin; thumb long reaching almost equal to the embolus proper, with blunt end. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-03-02, Figs 2, 3B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.36 long; carapace 0.99 long, 0.76 wide; abdomen 1.44 long, 0.89 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.27, PLE–PLE 0.29, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.05. CEPHALOTHORAX. Same as in male. Clypeus 0.14 high. CHELICERAE. Yellowish-brown, not excavated; promargin and retromargin with five teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow. Length of legs: I 3.21 (0.86, 1.09, 0.73, 0.53), II 2.92 (0.79, 0.98, 0.64, 0.51), III 2.67 (0.76, 0.87, 0.57, 0.47), IV 3.58 (0.94, 1.24, 0.88, 0.52). Leg formula IV-I-II-III. TmI 0.23 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 2). With wide proximal part of scape, narrowing evenly; lateral lobes of scape well-developed; stretcher small; pit deep. Spermathecae globular, pointing dorso-ventrally; fertilization ducts relatively thick, extending antero-mesally. Distribution Known from type locality., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 4-8, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Pickard-Cambridge O. 1871. Descriptions of some British spiders new to science, with a notice of others, of which some are now for the first time recorded as British species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 27 (3): 393 - 464. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1871. tb 00218. x","Duperre N. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the spider genera Agyneta and Tennesseelum (Araneae, Linyphiidae) of North America north of Mexico with a study of the embolic division within Micronetinae sensu Saaristo & Tanasevitch 1996. Zootaxa 3674: 1 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3674.1.1"]}

Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China. European Journal of Taxonomy 871: 1-85, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129

Wuliphantes tongluensis (Chen & Song, 1988) comb. nov. (fiḃ五里蛛) Figs 58–60 Bathyphantes tongluensis Chen & Song, 1988: 42, figs 1–4 (Dmf). Bathyphantes tongluensis – Yin et al. 2012: 480, fig. 219a–e (mf). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Putao Village; 31°16′8.98″ N, 110°4′34.11″ E; elev. 1445 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y.Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-24-01–02. Distribution China (Chongqing).

Wuliphantes guanshan (Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022) comb. nov. (官山五里蛛) Figs 55–57 Bathyphantes guanshan Irfan, Wang & Zhang, 2022: 18, figs 1a–d, 2a–c, 3a–b (Dmf). Distribution China (Chongqing)., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on page 70, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Irfan M., Wang L. Y. & Zhang Z. S. 2022. Two new species of Micronetinae Hull, 1920 spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China. Acta Arachnologica Sinica 31 (1): 17 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.3969 / j. issn. 1005 - 9628.2022.01.003"]}

Molestia pollicaris sp. nov. (拇指Ñ蛛) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3D683307-EC36-4D97-852F-3D5B208EB386 Figs 20–23 Differential diagnosis The new species can be distinguished from all other congeners by the tibia with a thumb-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis; terminal apophysis wing-shaped with pointed end; embolus proper minute, lateral margin highly sclerotized, round in male palp (Figs 20–21); scape C-shaped; posterior median plate trapezoid (Fig. 23E). Etymology The epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ pollicaris ’ meaning ‘of or belonging to a thumb’ and referring to the tibia with a thumb-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis in male palp (Fig. 20C–D). Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Chongqing, Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Xiang Yaocai Village; 31°18′57.96″ N, 110°5′23.55″ E; elev. 1681 m; 6 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-09-01. Paratypes CHINA • 12 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; SWUC-T-LIN-09-02–30 • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Management and Protection Station; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′3.32″ E; elev. 1970 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-09-31–36 • 1 ♀; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Pingqian Management Station; 31°22′22.75″ N, 109°56′17.25″ E; elev. 1832 m; 4 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-09-37–38 • 4 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Wushanya; 31°28′21.35″ N, 109°59′10.29″ E; elev. 1740 m; 2 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-09-39–42 • 2 ♂♂; Wushan County, Guanyang Town, Zhuxian Township, Zhaoyang Ping; 31°16′23.77″N, 110°5′45.79″E; elev. 1575 m; 5 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-09-43–44 • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Wushan County, Dangyang Town, Congping Mountain; 31°23′47.16″ N, 110°2′28.04″ E; elev. 2150 m; 3 Oct. 2020; L.Y. Wang, X.W. Zhou, T.Y. Ren, J.X. Zhao and L. Xiao leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-09-45–53. Description Male (holotype, Figs 20, 23A) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.32 long; carapace 1.09 long, 0.89 wide; abdomen 1.38 long, 0.84 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.10, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PLE 0.06, ALE–ALE 0.39, PLE–PLE 0.44, ALE–PLE 0.01, AME–PME 0.09. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.16 high. CHELICERAE. With two promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 5.62 (1.41, 1.77, 1.51, 0.93), II 4.68 (1.25, 1.44, 1.21, 0.78), III 3.50 (1, 1.03, 0.92, 0.55), IV 4.78 (1.33, 1.38, 1.25, 082). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.31 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Oval, grey, posteriorly with four chevrons, base of spinnerets black, ventral side grey. PALP (Figs 20–21). Patella shorter than tibia with a long dorsal spine; tibia conic, distal margin much broader than proximal end, with two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria, with a thumb-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis with blunt end; proximal cymbial apophysis short, with blunt end; prolateral margin of cymbium provided with an outgrowth. Basal part of paracymbium with somewhat triangular projection with sharp pointed end; distal arm grooved, distally narrow with blunt end. Distal suprategular apophysis relatively strong sclerotized, distal end grooved. Radix longer than wide, with a long proximal radical apophysis. Lamella characteristca with basal sclerite, with two chitinised branches and one additional more or less transparent extension with frayed margin. Fickert’s gland present within radix. Terminal apophysis sclerotized, wing-shaped with pointed end. Embolus broad; distally relatively round with minute embolus proper and unmodified thumb. Female (paratype, SWUC-T-LIN-09-02, Figs 22, 23B) MEASUREMENTS. Total 2.65 long; carapace 1.08 long, 0.82 wide; abdomen 1.64 long, 1.26 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.10, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.03, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.37, PLE–PLE 0.41, ALE–PLE contiguous, AME–PME 0.10. CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace yellow, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.14 high. CHELICERAE. With three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Legs long, yellow, covered with fine spines. Length of legs: I 4.63 (1.25, 1.44, 1.16, 0.78), II 3.97 (1.12, 1.22, 0.98, 0.65), III 3.10 (0.91, 0.95, 0.77, 0.47), IV 4.02 (1.19, 1.17, 1.05, 0.61). Leg formula I-IV-II-III. TmI 0.31 and TmIV absent. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. ABDOMEN. Same as in male. EPIGYNE (Fig. 22A–D). Scape longer than wide, with lateral pockets on inner surface. Stretcher absent. Posterior median plate broad, trapezoid. Spermathecae C-shaped, situates dorso–laterally. Distribution Known from type locality., Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 28-33, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049

Neriene japonica (Oi, 1960) (日本⁂蛛) Figs 31–33 Neolinyphia japonica Oi, 1960 a: 224, figs 322–324 (Dmf). Neriene japonica – van Helsdingen 1969: 270, figs 367–375 (mf). — Fu 2018: 40, figs 5–7a–c, pl. 9 (f). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species see World Spider Catalog (2022). Material examined CHINA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Chongqing, Wushan County, Zhuxian Township, Miaotong; 31°21′39.92″ N, 110°06′07.50″ E; elev. 1065 m; 19 Jul. 2021; Z. S. Zhang, L.Y.Wang and T.Y. Ren leg.; SWUC-T-LIN-13-01–03. Distribution Russia (Far East), China, Korea, Japan, Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu & Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, 2023, Survey of Linyphiidae spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Chongqing, China, pp. 1-85 in European Journal of Taxonomy 871 on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.871.2129, http://zenodo.org/record/8007049, {"references":["Oi R. 1960. Linyphiid spiders of Japan. Journal of the Institute of Polytechnics Osaka City University 11 (D): 137 - 244.","Helsdingen P. J. van 1969. A reclassification of the species of Linyphia Latreille based on the functioning of the genitalia (Araneida, Linyphiidae), I. Zoologische Verhandelingen 105: 1 - 303.","Fu L. N. 2018. Linyphiidae, Phrurolithidae, Salticidae. In: Zhang F. & Xue X. F. (eds) Fauna of Tianmu Mountain. Volume II. Arachnida. Araneae Eriophyoidea. Zhejiang University Press, Hangzhou.","World Spider Catalog 2022. World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed on 29 Nov. 2022]. https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2"]}

Background: The effects of conduction system pacing (CSP) compared with conventional biventricular pacing (BVP) on heart function in patients with heart failure remain elusive.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane’s Library and Web of science databases were searched up to 1 October 2022 for pertinent controlled studies. Random or fixed-effect model were used to synthesize the clinical outcomes. Subgroup analysis was performed to screen the potential confounding factors.Results: Fifteen studies including 1,347 patients were enrolled. Compared with BVP, CSP was significantly associated with shortened QRS duration [WMD -22.51 ms; p = 0.000], improved left ventricular ejection fraction [WMD 5.53%; p = 0.000], improved NYHA grade [WMD -0.42; p = 0.000], higher response rate and lower heart failure rehospitalization rate. CSP resulted in better clinical outcomes in higher male proportion group than lower one compared with BVP. No significant differences of clinical outcomes were observed between left bundle branch area pacing (LBBaP) and his bundle pacing (HBP) except the pacing threshold. The pacing threshold of LBBaP was significantly lower than those in BVP and HBP.Conclusion: This study suggests that CSP might be superior to conventional BVP for HF patients. In a higher male proportion group, CSP may be associated with more benefits than BVP.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022355991; Identifier: CRD42022355991.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe respiratory tract infections. Geraniol, a chemical component of essential oils, has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, along with low toxicity. However, the effect and mechanism of geraniol against P. aeruginosa virulence factors are rarely studied. In this study, we investigated the quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory effects and mechanisms of geraniol against P. aeruginosa PAO1, using physiological and biochemical techniques, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and transcriptomics. Geraniol slightly affected P. aeruginosa PAO1 growth, prolonged the lag phase, and delayed growth periods in a concentration-dependent manner. Geraniol inhibited three QS systems of P. aeruginosa, las, rhl, and pqs by suppressing the expression level of their key genes, including the three signal synthetase encoding genes of lasI, rhlI, and pqsABCDEH, and the corresponding signal receptor encoding genes of lasR, rhlR, and pqsR. Geraniol also suppressed certain virulence genes regulated by these three QS systems, including rhlABC, lasAB, lecAB, phzABMS, and pelABG, resulting in the attenuation of the related virulence factors, rhamnolipids, exoprotease LasA, elastase, lectin, pyocyanin, and biofilm. In conclusion, geraniol can suppress the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa PAO1 by inhibiting the three QS systems of las, rhl, and pqs. This study is significant for improving the treatment of bacterial infections caused by P. aeruginosa.