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Photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has attracted much attentions as a promising method for sustainable solar fuel. Here, we demonstrate that trace water can drastically boost high-efficiency photocatalytic production of H2O2 with a record-high concentration of 113 mmol L−1 using alkali-assisted C3N4 as photocatalyst in water/alcohol mixture solvents. By electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurement, the radical species generated during the photocatalytic process of H2O2 are identified. We propose alcohol is used to provide and stabilize · OOH radicals through hydrogen bond, while trace water could trigger photocatalytic production of H2O2 via providing and transferring indispensable free protons to completely consume · OOH radicals, which breaks the reaction balance of · OOH radical generation from alcohol. Thus · OOH radicals could be supplied by alcohol continuously to serve as a reservoir for high-efficiency production of H2O2. These results pave the way towards photocatalytic method on semiconductor catalysts as an outstanding approach for production of hydrogen peroxide.

Clean revised manuscript

Clean revised manuscript

Diming Zhao,1 Yilin Liu,2 Zhenqiang Xu,3,4 Hechen Shen,1 Shanghao Chen,1 Shijie Zhang,1 Yi Li,1 Haizhou Zhang,3,4 Chengwei Zou,3,4 Xiaochun Ma3,4 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaochun MaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +8615169196737Email mxcmxc2008@163.comBackground: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the most complex congenital cardiac malformations, and the molecular mechanism of heart failure (HF) in HLHS is still elusive.Methods: Integrative bioinformatics analysis was performed to unravel the underlying genes and mechanisms involved in HF in HLHS. Microarray dataset GSE23959 was screened out for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), after which the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were carried out using the Metascape. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was generated, and the modules and hub genes were identified with the Cytoscape-plugin. And the integrated network of transcription factor (TF)-DEGs and miRNA-DEGs was constructed, respectively.Results: A total of 210 DEGs were identified, including 135 up-regulated and 75 down-regulated genes. The functional enrichment analysis of DEGs pointed towards the mitochondrial-related biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions and signaling pathways. A PPI network was constructed including 155 nodes as well as 363 edges. And 15 hub genes, such as NDUFB6, UQCRQ, SDHD, ATP5H, were identified based on three topological analysis methods and mitochondrial components and functions were the most relevant. Furthermore, by integrating network interaction construction, 23 TFs (NFKB1, RELA, HIF1A, VHL, GATA1, PPAR-γ, etc.) as well as several miRNAs (hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-mir-124-3p, hsa-miR-1-3p, etc.) were detected and indicated the possible involvement of NF-κB signaling pathways in mitochondrial dysfunction in HLHS.Conclusion: The present study applied the integrative bioinformatics analysis and revealed the mitochondrial-related key genes, regulatory pathways, TFs and miRNAs underlying the HF in HLHS, which improved the understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic targets.Keywords: hypoplastic left heart syndrome, differential expression genes, transcription factors, microRNAs, regulatory networks, integrative bioinformatics analysis

This corpus-based study investigates the distribution and development of Mandarin relative clauses in Mandarin-speaking monolingual children and heritage Mandarin-English bilingual children’s spontaneous speech. We ask three research questions: First, is there a Mandarin subject-object asymmetry in monolingual and bilingual children’s speech? Second, does the presence or absence of a head noun interact with the subject-object asymmetry? Third, do monolingual and bilingual children produce simpler RCs (i.e., not center-embedded and/or involve only one proposition) earlier than more complex RCs?

基于Hirota双线性方法,利用拓展的同宿呼吸检验法得到了(3+1)维变系数Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov(K-S)方程的同宿呼吸波解,对该解的参数选取合适的数值,可得到不同结构的同宿呼吸波.通过对同宿呼吸波解的周期取极限,推导出方程的怪波解.最后,构造出一个特殊的高阶多项式作为测试函数,求得该方程的一阶怪波解和二阶怪波解.

A Maxwellian display presents always-focused images to the viewer, alleviating the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) in near-eye displays (NEDs). Recently, many methods of improving its limited eyebox have been proposed, among which viewpoint replication has attracted a lot of attention. However, double-image, blind-area, and image-shift effects always happen in typical eyebox-replication Maxwellian NEDs when the eye moves between the replicated viewpoints, which prevents these NEDs from being applied more widely. In this Letter, we propose a method for designing a holographic Maxwellian NED system with continuous eyebox replication as well as flexible interval adjustment by changing the projection angles of the reconstructed images. Thus, holograms corresponding to the positions of different viewpoints are calculated to match the interval of the replicated viewpoints with the human pupil diameter, making it possible to eliminate or alleviate double-image or blind-area effects. Also, seamless viewpoint conversion in the eyebox is achieved by aligning the images of adjacent viewpoints on the retina via hologram pre-processing independently. These effects are verified successfully in optical experiments and have the potential to be applied in near-eye three-dimensional displays without VAC.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used for amplification and sequencing of exons and exon���intron boundaries of ATP7B.

Additional file 3: Table S3. Non-pathogenic variants of ATP7B identified in this study.

In recent years, recommender systems are crucially important for the delivery of personalized services that satisfy users' preferences. With personalized recommendation services, users can enjoy a variety of recommendations such as movies, books, ads, restaurants, and more. Despite the great benefits, personalized recommendations typically require the collection of personal data for user modelling and analysis, which can make users susceptible to attribute inference attacks. Specifically, the vulnerability of existing centralized recommenders under attribute inference attacks leaves malicious attackers a backdoor to infer users' private attributes, as the systems remember information of their training data (i.e., interaction data and side information). An emerging practice is to implement recommender systems in the federated setting, which enables all user devices to collaboratively learn a shared global recommender while keeping all the training data on device. However, the privacy issues in federated recommender systems have been rarely explored. In this paper, we first design a novel attribute inference attacker to perform a comprehensive privacy analysis of the state-of-the-art federated recommender models. The experimental results show that the vulnerability of each model component against attribute inference attack is varied, highlighting the need for new defense approaches. Therefore, we propose a novel adaptive privacy-preserving approach to protect users' sensitive data in the presence of attribute inference attacks and meanwhile maximize the recommendation accuracy. Extensive experimental results on two real-world datasets validate the superior performance of our model on both recommendation effectiveness and resistance to inference attacks.

Positive-Unlabeled (PU) learning aims to learn a model with rare positive samples and abundant unlabeled samples. Compared with classical binary classification, the task of PU learning is much more challenging due to the existence of many incompletely-annotated data instances. Since only part of the most confident positive samples are available and evidence is not enough to categorize the rest samples, many of these unlabeled data may also be the positive samples. Research on this topic is particularly useful and essential to many real-world tasks which demand very expensive labelling cost. For example, the recognition tasks in disease diagnosis, recommendation system and satellite image recognition may only have few positive samples that can be annotated by the experts. These methods mainly omit the intrinsic hardness of some unlabeled data, which can result in sub-optimal performance as a consequence of fitting the easy noisy data and not sufficiently utilizing the hard data. In this paper, we focus on improving the commonly-used nnPU with a novel training pipeline. We highlight the intrinsic difference of hardness of samples in the dataset and the proper learning strategies for easy and hard data. By considering this fact, we propose first splitting the unlabeled dataset with an early-stop strategy. The samples that have inconsistent predictions between the temporary and base model are considered as hard samples. Then the model utilizes a noise-tolerant Jensen-Shannon divergence loss for easy data; and a dual-source consistency regularization for hard data which includes a cross-consistency between student and base model for low-level features and self-consistency for high-level features and predictions, respectively.

Additional file 4: Fig. S1. Sequencing results for 64 novel missense variants of the ATP7B gene. Fig. S2. Sequencing results for novel variants of the ATP7B gene except for missense variants. Fig. S3. Homology comparisons of novel missense variants in the ATP7B protein.

Machine learning based medical image analysis highly depends on datasets. Biases in the dataset can be learned by the model and degrade the generalizability of the applications. There are studies on debiased models. However, scientists and practitioners are difficult to identify implicit biases in the datasets, which causes lack of reliable unbias test datasets to valid models. To tackle this issue, we first define the data intrinsic bias attribute, and then propose a novel bias identification framework for medical image datasets. The framework contains two major components, KlotskiNet and Bias Discriminant Direction Analysis(bdda), where KlostkiNet is to build the mapping which makes backgrounds to distinguish positive and negative samples and bdda provides a theoretical solution on determining bias attributes. Experimental results on three datasets show the effectiveness of the bias attributes discovered by the framework., 19pages, 12 figures

Additional file 2: Table S2. Details of potential pathogenic variants of ATP7B identified in this study.

CD26/Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is widely expressed in various organs and cells. It can also exist in body fluids in a soluble form. DPP4 participates in various physiological and pathological processes by regulating energy metabolism, inflammation, and immune function. DPP4 inhibitors have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. More evidence has shown the role of DPP4 in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, since it is highly expressed in the lung parenchyma and the surface of the epithelium, vascular endothelium, and fibroblasts of human bronchi. It is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for various lung diseases. During the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) global pandemic, DPP4 was found to be an important marker that may play a significant role in disease progression. Some clinical trials on DPP4 inhibitors in COVID-19 are ongoing. DPP4 also affects other infectious respiratory diseases such as Middle East respiratory syndrome and non-infectious lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. This review aims to summarize the roles of DPP4 and its inhibitors in infectious lung diseases and non-infectious diseases to provide new insights for clinical physicians.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jbm-10.1177_17246008211049446 for The diagnostic value of the combination of carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen, CYFRA 21-1, neuron-specific enolase, tissue polypeptide antigen, and progastrin-releasing peptide in small cell lung cancer discrimination by Zhimao Chen, Xiangzheng Liu, Xueqian Shang, Kang Qi and Shijie Zhang in The International Journal of Biological Markers

Explaining biodiversity is a fundamental issue in ecology. A long-standing puzzle lies in the paradox of the plankton: many species of plankton feeding on a limited type of resources coexist, apparently flouting the competitive exclusion principle (CEP), which holds that the number of predator (consumer) species cannot exceed that of the resources at steady state. Here, we present a mechanistic model and show that the intraspecific interference among the consumers enables a plethora of consumer species to coexist at constant population densities with only one or a handful of resource species. The facilitated biodiversity is resistant to stochasticity, either with the stochastic simulation algorithm or individual-based modeling. Our model naturally explains the classical experiments that invalidate CEP, quantitatively illustrates the universal S-shaped pattern of the rank-abundance curves across a wide range of ecological communities, and can be broadly used to resolve the mystery of biodiversity in many natural ecosystems., Comment: Main text 8 pages, 3 figures. SI 30 pages, 15 SI Figures

The Maxwellian display presents always-focused images to the viewer, alleviating the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) in near-eye displays (NEDs). However, the limited eyebox of the typical Maxwellian display prevents it from wider applications. We propose a holographic Maxwellian near-eye display with adjustable and continuous eye-box replication. Holographic display provides a way to match the human pupil size with the interval of the replicated eyeboxes, making it possible to eliminate or alleviate double image or blind area problem, which exists long in eyebox expansion for Maxwellian display. Besides, seamless image conversion between viewing points has been achieved through hologram pre-processing. Optical experiment confirms that the interval between replicated eyeboxes is dynamically adjustable, ranging from 2mm to 6mm. The proposed display can present always-focused images and seamless conversion among viewpoints with 5.32$^\circ$ horizontal field of view, and 9mmH * 3mmV eyebox.

Small molecules are converted into high-value products through electrochemical methods, which are considered as potential substitutes for traditional industrial methods. To reduce the use of precious metal and modulate the local environment by oxygen vacancies, Pd-Co nanoalloys supported on TiO2 with oxygen vacancies (Vo) are prepared through a facile pyrolysis approach. The superior ORR performance is obtained comparing to the commercial Pt/C (20 wt%) catalysts in alkaline solution. Moreover, the catalyst has amazing catalytic activity for NRR. The synergistic effect of Pd-Co alloys and the Vo greatly improves the yield of NH3 (4.11 µg/(h·cm2)) and the Faradaic efficiency (2.83%). The performance of small molecular reduction is enhanced by the strong metal-support interactions (SMSI), which agree with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations results. It is anticipated that the established nanoalloy electrocatalysts with modulation of metal–support interactions provide guidance for designing heterogeneous electrocatalysts with high efficiency.

Based on the seepage continuity equation, Darcy law, mass conservation equation, linear filtering law and pressure drop equation, the theoretical model of grout fronts diffusion was established. And through the model, the filtration mechanism of cement particles and the diffusion law of slurry fronts were analyzed. By applying the model test system developed independent, the dynamic variation law of the pressure of grout fronts is studied and compared with the theoretical value. The results show that, the permeability coefficient of the precipitated cement increases along the grout diffusion distance under the filtration effect. The change rate of frontal velocity is negatively correlated with the permeability coefficient of precipitated cement. At the specific diffusion distance, the frontal pressure drop p increases first and then decreases, while the frontal pressure p and the average unit pressure drop Δ P show the trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The deviation rate of frontal pressure value between theory and test is only from –10% to 26%, which reveal a high degree of coincidence. The conclusions can be used to guide the grouting design, which has certain application value to the practical engineering.

The miR17-92 family is found to be aberrantly expressed and associated with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with various cancers, including digestive system cancers. However, its prognostic value is not yet established. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between miR17-92-family expression and clinical outcomes in digestive system cancers. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI (Chinese) databases to retrieve eligible studies up to June 30, 2018. Prognostic data and clinicopathological features of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were extracted to evaluate correlations of the miR17-92 family with digestive system cancers. We used HRs to assess association between miR17-92-family expression and cancers prognosis. A total of 30 qualifying studies involving 4,056 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Our results indicated that expression levels of miR17-92 can predict poor OS (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.39; P=0). However, there was no relationship between the miR17-92 family and DFS (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.6–1.11; P=0.170) or PFS (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.83–1.91; P=0). Moreover, miR17-92 was related to TNM stage (III/IV vs I/II, HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17–1.570; P=0.012), but there was no relationship between miR17-92 and metastasis (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.34–1.95; P=0.491) or tumor size (≥5 cm vs

Benthic oxygen fluxes at the sediment-water interface (SWI) regulate the process and even direction of biochemical interfacial reactions; thus, they are crucial to the water quality. However, many medium- and large-sized reservoirs suffer from thermal stratification and human operations, lead to a significant impact on SWI oxygen exchanges. A 3-month-long noninvasive measurement of SWI oxygen fluxes was conducted in the Daheiting Reservoir using the eddy correlation method. Its result shows that reservoir stratification markedly affects the benthic boundary layer environment factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and hydrodynamics. In contrast, reservoir operations determine the benthic flow directions and its correlation to velocities in the mixed stage. A further discussion suggests that benthic temperatures mainly participate in the thermal structure rather than directly affecting the benthic fluxes. Conversely, it is DO concentrations coupled with hydrodynamics that control SWI oxygen fluxes. The flux is inhibited by DO shortage in anoxic conditions, but it is mainly controlled by hydrodynamics with redundant DO. Likewise, the hydrodynamics affects the fluxes by changing the diffusive boundary layer thickness, but this effect is also restrained by the DO field. These results indicate that a long-term and in-situ measurement of SWI oxygen fluxes in drinking reservoirs is of considerable significance to forecast water quality disasters, optimize operation plans, and ensure water security.

The manufacturing technology of SFRC segment is introduced. The main differences between SFRC segment and ordinary reinforced concrete segment are clarified. The cost norm of SFRC segment is established. By studying material and mechanical consumption in the production process of SFRC segment, the entire-cost of SFRC segment is obtained. Based on the production and application process of SFRC segment in the test section of Qingdao Metro Line 1, the engineering cost of SFRC segment and ordinary reinforced concrete segment were compared and analyzed.

Purpose: Automatic measurement of the intima-media thickness (IMT) from ultrasound carotid images is an important task in clinical diagnosis. Many computer-based techniques for IMT measurement have been proposed to overcome the limits of manual segmentation. However, the robustness of the algorithms would be influenced by the inherent specklenoise of ultrasoundimage. This paper proposed a curvelet guided ant colony optimization (CGACO) strategy that could achieve satisfied accuracy for IMT measurement with improved robustness to noise. Methods: The curvelet-based orientation-selective (CBOS) filter was first introduced for speckle removal and edge enhancement. Different from conventional methods, CBOS filter processes the curvelet coefficients by orientations rather than by magnitude. Then, a specially designed two-leg ant colony optimization technique, combined with Otsu thresholding and Sobel edge detector, was proposed as a novel segmentation method to extract the media-adventitia (MA) and the lumen-intima (LI) boundaries. Finally, a coupled snake model was employed to further smooth the contours of MA and LI. Results: In addition to 224 carotid arteryimages acquired from 34 participants, simulated speckled images with nine levels of noise were also included in the database. The mean absolute distance errors of CGACO for LI interface tracings, MA interface tracings, and IMT measurements were 0.030 ± 0.027, 0.039 ± 0.036, and 0.041 ± 0.036 mm, respectively. Besides, CGACO had a correlation coefficient as high as 0.992 and a bias as low as −0.008. All these measures were comparable to or better than a previous technique and the manual segmentation. On the other hand, CGACO had the highest success rate of 98.7% in the segmentation of real data. It also maintained a much higher success rate in the segmentation of simulated images with different levels of specklenoise. Conclusions: The proposed technique showed accurate IMT measurement results. Furthermore, benefiting from the CBOS filter, the robustness to noise of the algorithm was substantially improved. Therefore, CGACO could provide a reliable way to segment the carotid artery from ultrasoundimages and could be used in clinical practice of IMT measurement, particularly in early atherosclerotic stages.

The migration velocity model and seepage pressure model of suspension grout with plane-parallel flow state in porous media were proposed based on mass conservation equation, seepage flow continuity equation, linear filtration law, and pressure gradient equations. The effect of the particle filtration process of suspension with distance on the migration velocity, pressure gradient, and seepage pressure was analysed. By using the independently developed monomer combined type osmotic grouting device, the diffusion velocity field and pressure field of cement slurry in sand layer were studied. Then, the value of model test was compared with the filtration theoretical values and without filtration theoretical values. Results show that the difference between the value of migration velocity with neglecting filtration effect and that of the model test was 1.2~17 times. With the decreased of K c/K 0, the theoretical value and the experimental value of filtration velocity decreased along the path, and the rate of both was positively correlated with the diffusion distance. At a certain diffusion distance, the model test value and the theoretical value of seepage pressure increase with time, but the rate was different. The difference between the model test value of seepage pressure and the theoretical value considering filtration was -23~84kPa, and the deviation rate was -70%~58%. The plane-parallel flow pressure model of slurry can accurately reflect the law of seepage field of cement slurry.

Tunnel leakage is a common disaster in operating highway tunnel, causing many adverse effects on tunnel stability, cave facilities, traffic safety and the environment. Based on the causes and hazards of operating highway tunnel leakage, the tunnel leakage is divided into four types : construction joints leakage, lining crack leakage, fracture and cavity behind the lining leakage, concrete lining damage leakage. And the related crucial techniques and schemes were proposed. The achievements have been widely applied in Kaiyuan tunnel successfully, which offers a reference for similar tunnels.

The quaternary water-rich sand layer is often traversed during the construction of metro tunnels, and is one of the main geological disaster sources that affect the safety of metro construction. The grouting method is the most commonly used method to control the geological hazards of the water-rich sand layer. Affected by the pore structure of the sand layer and the state of in-situ stress, this paper proposes a method of grouting reinforcement with mould bag piles for sand grouting. Progressive section grouting can successfully solve the problem of sand layer reinforcement. The results show that: (1) The mould bag pile reinforcement can effectively strengthen the sand layer and ensure that the sand layer within the slurry diffusion range can be effectively strengthened, and increase the grouting retention rate; (2) Progressive section grouting can achieve the effect of grouting reinforcement at different depths to ensure the effect of grouting. This method has been successfully applied in metro station, hoping to provide some reference for similar projects.

Drugs are an essential element protecting human lives from many diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. One of the highlights in drug development in recent years is the establishment of rational drug design: a collection of various multi-disciplinary approaches that at the core, focus on designing molecules with specific properties for identified targets and biomolecules with known functional roles and structural information. The candidate molecules will then go through a series of examinations to characterize their physiochemical properties, and an iterative process is used to improve the design of the drug to achieve desirable attributes. The time consuming and highly expensive nature of drug development constantly calls for new analytical techniques that have increasingly higher throughput, faster analysis speed, richer chemical and structural information, and lower risk and cost. Conventional analytical methods for pharmaceutical materials, such as X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy, often suffer from prolonged measurement time. In many cases, the identification of regions of interest within the sample is non-trivial in itself. Nonlinear optical imaging techniques, including second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy and two-photon excited ultraviolet fluorescence (TPE-UVF) microscopy were developed as fast, real-time, and non-destructive methods for selective identification and characterization of crystalline materials present in pharmaceutical samples. These techniques were integrated with synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy to significantly reduce the overall measurement time of these structure characterization techniques. In the meanwhile, with the now increased speed of measurement, the amount of experimental data acquired per unit time has also drastically increased. The rate at which data are analyzed, digested, and interpreted is becoming the bottleneck in data-driving decision-making. Novel electronics that only collect data at the most information-rich time points were employed to significantly increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) during data acquisition, reducing the total amount of data needed for material characterization. Advanced sampling algorithms to reduce the total amount of measurements required for perfect data space reconstruction, automated programs for data acquisition and analysis, and efficient data analysis algorithms based on machine learning were developed for accelerated data processing for nonlinear optical imaging analysis, Raman spectra processing, and X-ray diffraction indexing.

The microphase separation of amphiphilic dendrimer copolymers in a selective solvent with different excluded volume effects (αS) is investigated using three-dimensional real space self-consistent field theory. The morphological transition of disorder-to-order and order-to-order is observed by systematically regulating the excluded volume effect parameter, interaction parameter of block species, and the spacer length of the second generation of the dendrimer. The ordered segregates of the dendrimer solution are observed with a stronger excluded volume effect due to the strong depletion effect of solvent on the dendrimer. The relative magnitude between hydrophobic block B and hydrophilic block C is very important for microphase separation: when they are equal (NB = NC), a structural shift from vesicles to micelles has been found upon increasing the interaction parameter, and the region of disordered morphology is controlled by the interfacial free energy (Uint); when NB > NC, the vesicular morphologies overwhelmingly appear in the ordered region and then NC increases to close to NB, and the ordered aggregates take a shift from vesicles to micelles. Furthermore, the amphiphilic block C of the dendrimer is intended to enlarge to NC > NB, the micellar morphology is dominant in the ordered regime with a stronger excluded volume effect, which contributes to the decrease in the hydrophobic block repulsion that is affected by the decrease in the entropic free energy (−TS). The knowledge obtained from the microphase separation of dendrimer solution induced by the excluded volume effect of selective solvent is full of referential significance in understanding the morphological transition from vesicles to micelles for the amphiphile in the field of soft matter.

Snowfall directly affects the traffic safety and a lot of accidents happened every year because of the snowfall. If the traffic department can timely detect the thickness of the snow on the highway and clear the snow in time, the rate of traffic accident will reduce and won't make much trouble for people. Therefore, the research on remote real-time monitoring of highway snow will solve this problem. This device uses single chip microcomputer of STC12 series as the controller, SIM900A as communication module and will sent the data of the snow thickness monitored remotely to the traffic departments, which makes that can get real-time online warned. Using GSM communication system, snow forecast and alarm can be realized in areas covered by mobile network and it is not affected by outside conditions such as weather and terrain, which is an ideal device for early warning communication system.

Sepsis is a common and critical complication in surgical patients that often leads to multiple organ failure syndrome (MOFS), including acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite intensive supportive care and treatment modalities, the mortality of these patients remains high. In this study, we investigated the role of Burton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Btk/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, in the pathogenesis of sepsis, and evaluated the protective effect of in vivo Btk RNA interference in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. After intratracheal injection of Btk siRNA, the mice were then subjected to CLP to induce sepsis. The results demonstrated that this approach conferred potent protection against sepsis-induced ALI, as evidenced by a significant reduction in pathological scores, epithelial cell apoptosis, pulmonary edema, vascular permeability, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration in the lung tissues of septic mice. In addition, RNA interference of Btk significantly suppressed p-38 and iNOS signaling pathways in transduced alveolar macrophages in vitro. These results identify a novel role for BTK in lethal sepsis and provide a potential new therapeutic approach to sepsis and ALI.

Urban agglomeration becomes increasingly important because of the globalization of world economies. Constraints of quantity and quality of resources influence mostly the radiating area of urban agglomeration. A method of relationship of resource constraint and radiating area of urban agglomeration is presented. Based on the methodology, models are constructed using the theory of endogenous economic growth and gravity equation. The discussions on the models have been specified to give recommendations for the development of urban agglomeration.

A random fatigue load cycle counting method is suggested for cycle-by-cycle calculation in crack growth analysis. As a tool for crack growth analysis or fatigue analysis, it can be adopted by any type of prediction model. With the proposed counting method, crack growth model calculation can be performed without any changes in load order. Meanwhile, the method is entirely in keeping with the rainflow load counting principle. A flow chart of a computer program as a function provided with the method makes it simple to apply the counting procedure to any model calculation.

This paper presents a CIMS-oriented approach to knowledge representation and processing for process planning. It includes a knowledge representation scheme, strategy of task decomposition and synthesis, and construction of knowledge base and optimization of rule set. At present, the system of computer aided process planning which adopts this approach is working on an IBM AST/PC computer. The system is written in C,PRO*C and SQL language in ORACLE database. >

Plantlets were obtained by culture of unpolinated ovules of rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. The ovules were cultured on a dedifferentiation medium, and later transfered to a differentiation medium. Cytological observations indicated that the plantlets tested were mixaploids.