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Liang, Rui-Ru, Zhang, Sheng-Nan, Liu, Jian-Kui (2023): Bambusicola autumnalis sp. nov., a bambusicolous ascomycete from Sichuan province, China. Phytotaxa 601 (3): 203-211, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.1

Bambusicola autumnalis R.R. Liang, S.N. Zhang and Jian K. Liu, sp. nov. MycoBank: 847551; FIGURE 2. Etymology: —The epithet “ autumnalis ” refers to the season “autumn” when the fungus was collected. Holotype:—HKAS 126508 Saprobic on dead bamboo branches. Sexual morph: Ascostromata solitary to gregarious, rarely scattered, immersed to erumpent, pseudostromatic, visible as bumped areas with cracks and a central black minute papilla, in vertical section conical to subglobose, ostiolate, periphysate, individual locules 190–325 μm high, 215–295 μm diam (x = 280 × 250 µm, n = 10). Peridium 19–43 μm, composed of several layers of thick-walled, brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 1–1.9 μm wide, trabecular pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing, hyaline, remotely septate. Asci 52–102 × 8–17 µm (x = 71 × 12 µm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, long cylindric-clavate, shortly pedicellate, apically rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 22–30 × 4.5–7 µm (x = 27 × 5 µm, n = 30), overlapping bi-seriate or multi-seriate, fusiform, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, guttulate, smooth-walled, surrounded by a thin, inconspicuous mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics:—Colonies on PDA reaching 28–32 mm after 4 weeks incubated at 25 °C in dark, circular, dry, mycelium velvety, milky white to pale yellow, reverse yellow to light brown. Material examined:— CHINA, Sichuan province, Chengdu city, Chengdu Botanical Garden, 30°76.48’ N, 104°13.03’ E, 516 m elevation, on dead branches of bamboo in a terrestrial environment, 21 Nov. 2022, R.R. Liang, (HKAS 126508, holotype), ex-holotype living culture CGMCC 3.24280; ibid., HUEST 23.0001, isotype, ex-isotype living culture UESTCC 23.0001. Notes:—Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that our isolates belong to Bambusicola and are closely related to B. guttulata (FIGURE 1). However, it is not able to compare their morphology as the latter species only represented by a coelomycetous asexual morph. Nevertheless, Bambusicola autumnalis differs from B. guttulata in their nucleotide sequences, viz. SSU (6/950), ITS (44/450), LSU (17/800), RPB2 (73/993) and TEF1-α (49/959), respectively. Morphologically, Bambusicola autumnalis resembles B. loculata in having stromatic ascomata, 8-spored, cylindric asci, and narrowly fusiform, 1-septate ascospores surrounded by an inconspicuous sheath (Dai et al. 2015). However, they have different dimensions of asci (52–102 × 8–17 μm vs. 80–105 × 8–13 μm) and ascospores (22–30 × 4.5–7 µm vs. 22–26.5 × 5–6), and the bumped ascostromata with cracks of B. autumnalis also differs from B. loculata. Moreover, the two species are phylogenetically distinct (FIGURE 1)., Published as part of Liang, Rui-Ru, Zhang, Sheng-Nan & Liu, Jian-Kui, 2023, Bambusicola autumnalis sp. nov., a bambusicolous ascomycete from Sichuan province, China, pp. 203-211 in Phytotaxa 601 (3) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8141736, {"references":["Dai, D. Q., Bahkali, A. H., Li, W. J., Bhat, D. J., Zhao, R. L. & Hyde, K. D. (2015) Bambusicola loculata sp. nov. (Bambusicolaceae) from bamboo. Phytotaxa 213 (2): 122 - 130. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 213.2.5"]}

Pseudokeissleriella Jian K. Liu, gen. nov. MycoBank: MB 844117; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12707 Etymology:—The prefix “pseudo-” means “lying, false”, and the name “ Pseudokeissleriella ” refers to its morphological similarity to the genus “ Keissleriella ”. Saprobic on decaying woody substrates. Sexual morph: Ascomata immersed to erumpent, subglobose, dark brown to black, ostiolate, glabrous, unilocular, coriaceous. Ostiole dark brown, periphysate. Peridium with multi-layers, comprising hyaline to brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium pseudoparaphyses, remotely septate. Asci 8- spored, bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping bi-seriate, fusiform, tapering to subobtuse ends, the upper cell is swollen towards the median septum, hyaline, septate, guttulate and with or without a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Type species: Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola Yi Yang, S.N. Zhang & Jian K. Liu Notes: —The phylogenetic analysis showed that two isolates of Pseudokeissleriella formed a monophyletic clade in Lentitheciaceae and is closely related to the monotypic genera Katumotoa (type: Ka. bambusicola) and Neoophiosphaerella (type: N. sasicola) (FIGURE 1). Pseudokeissleriella resembles Katumotoa in having immersed, subglobose ascomata, but they can be distinguished by the ascospores. Pseudokeissleriella has fusiform ascospores tapering to subobtuse ends, with a swollen upper cell near the median septum and mucilaginous sheath, while Katumotoa has apiosporous ascospores with distinctive elongated bipolar mucilaginous sheath (Tanaka & Harada 2005). Pseudokeissleriella differs from Neoophiosphaerella in having immersed, globose ascomata and fusiform, 1-septate ascospores, while the latter has superficial, hemispherical, with clypei ascomata and filiform, multi-septate ascospores (Tanaka et al. 2015). In addition, referring to the recommendations of Jeewon & Hyde (2016) for the establishment of species boundaries among fungi, Pseudokeissleriella can be distinguished from Ka. bambusicola and N. sasicola based on sequences data comparison from LSU (14/831; 11/831) and ITS (25/548; 36/548). The ascospores of Pseudokeissleriella are somewhat similar to Keissleriella. However, Keissleriella is thought to have a striking feature that most of their species have brown or black setae inside or around the ostiole. Pseudokeissleriella can be easily distinguished from the latter by the absence of setae around the ostiole, as well as the distance in molecular phylogeny., Published as part of Yang, Yi, Zhang, Sheng-Nan, Yu, Xian-Dong & Liu, Jian-Kui, 2022, Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales) from bamboos in Sichuan province, China, pp. 263-273 in Phytotaxa 560 (3) on page 267, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7042659, {"references":["Tanaka, K. & Harada, Y. (2005) Bambusicolous fungi in Japan (6): Katumotoa, a new genus of phaeosphaeriaceous ascomycetes. Mycoscience 46: 313 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / S 10267 - 005 - 0251 - Y","Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H., Sato, G., Toriyabe, A., Kudo, H., Hashimoto, A., Matsumura, M., Harada, Y., Kurihara, Y., Shirouzu, T. & Hosoya, T. (2015) Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82: 75 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. simyco. 2015.10.002","Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K. D. (2016) Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities. Mycosphere 7: 1669 - 1677. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 7 / 11 / 4"]}

Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola Yi Yang, S.N. Zhang and Jian K. Liu, sp. nov. MycoBank: MB 888118; Facesoffungi number: FoF 12708; FIGURE 2 Etymology:—The suffix “-cola” means “inhabitant”, and the epithet “ bambusicola ” refers to the subfamily of plant host “ Bambusoideae ”, from which the fungus was collected. Holotype:— HKAS 124020 Saprobic on dead culms of bamboo in a terrestrial habitat. Sexual morph: Ascomata 310–660 µm high, 400–520 µm diam (= 480 × 450 µm, n = 10), scattered, immersed to slightly erumpent, visible as dark brown to black, circular or lenticular areas with a central black dot, glabrous, in vertical section subglobose, base flattened, unilocular, coriaceous, with a central ostiole. Ostiole 85–160 µm long, 40–85 µm diam. (= 105 × 55 µm, n = 10), dark brown, periphysate. Peridium 15–45 µm diam, relatively thick, multi-layers, comprising hyaline to brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 1.4–2.3 µm wide, comprising numerous, filiform, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 70–120 × 9–13 µm (= 95.1 × 11.1 µm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, with a short pedicel, apically rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 21–28.5 × 4.2–6.5 µm (= 25.5 × 5.5 µm, n = 30), overlapping bi-seriate, usually uniseriate in the lower half, fusiform, tapering to subobtuse ends, hyaline, 1(–3)-septate, the upper cell swollen towards the median septum, straight or slightly curved, smooth-walled, guttulate, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath with depression in the middle. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics:— Spores germinated on PDA within 24h. Colonies growing on PDA, reaching a diameter of 25 mm after 24 d at 25 °C, circular, surface slightly rough, white to faint yellow, reverse yellowish. Material Examined:— CHINA. Sichuan province, Dujiang weir, Qingcheng Mountain, 30° 55′ 7″ N, 103° 29′ 39″ E, on dead culms of Bamboo, 2 December 2021, Yi Yang, Q 6-2 (HKAS 124020, holotype); ex-type culture CGMCC 3.20950; ibid., Xian-Dong Yu, HUEST 22.0030, paratype; ex-paratype culture UESTCC 22.0028., Published as part of Yang, Yi, Zhang, Sheng-Nan, Yu, Xian-Dong & Liu, Jian-Kui, 2022, Pseudokeissleriella bambusicola gen. et sp. nov. (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales) from bamboos in Sichuan province, China, pp. 263-273 in Phytotaxa 560 (3) on pages 267-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7042659

Fissuroma bambucicola Y. Feng, S.N. Zhang & Z.Y. Liu, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF559418; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10587; FIGURE 2. Holotype:— HKAS 122239. Etymology:—The epithet refers to the bamboo substrate on which the new fungus was collected. Saprobic on the dead stem of bamboo, forming a layer of black particles visible to the naked eye on the host surface. Sexual morph: Ascomata 282–344 μm high, 568–607 μm wide (x = 304 × 587 μm, n = 10), erumpent to superficial, solitary to gregarious, black, hemispherical, base flattened, with a slit on its surface, slit-like ostioles with periphyses, unilocular. Peridium is uneven thickness, thin at the base and thicker on both sides towards the tip, consisting of several layers of dark brown to black pseudoparenchyma. Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, trabeculate, anastomosing, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 170–202 × 21–27 μm (x = 189 × 24 μm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate or obclavate, wide in the middle, tapering to the edges, apically obtusely rounded with a small ocular chamber, base with a short pedicel. Ascospores 50–64 × 8–11 μm (x = 57 × 10 μm, n = 30), overlapping 1–2 seriate, fusiform, hyaline, smooth-walled, tapering to pointed apices, 1-septate (rarely 3-septate), slightly constricted at the septum, guttulate, surrounded by a thin mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics:—Ascospores germinated in WA medium within 24 h, and the germ tube extended out from one end of the ascospore. Colonies on PDA reaching 1 cm after seven days incubated at 25˚ C. Colonies have entire, rounded, smooth, leathery edges with grayish-white upper layers and gray lower layers. Reverse grayish brown with grayish-white edges. Material examined:— CHINA, Guizhou, Anshun city. On decaying bamboo stems, 1 May 2019, Yao Feng, AS 4 (HKAS 122239, holotype; GZAAS 21−0185, isotype); ex-type living culture CGMCC3.20678 = GZCC 21−0699. Ibid., Xingyi city. On decaying bamboo stems, 7 August 2019, Yao Feng, XY 19-7 (GZAAS 21−0186, paratype); living culture GZCC 21−0700. Notes:— Fissuroma bambucicola morphologically lines well with Fissuroma by having carbonaceous ascomata with slit-like ostioles and fusiform, hyaline ascospores. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses showed that it has a close relationship with F. aggregatum (KT 984). However, Fissuroma aggregatum (= Astrosphaeriella aggregata ≡ Melanopsamma aggregate) was represented by more than one specimen, two of which have available molecular data (KT 984 = HHUF 28233, KT 767 = HHUF 28232) (Tanaka & Harada 2005; Tanaka et al. 2009; Liu et al. 2011; Phookamsak et al. 2015). In this study, F. aggregatum (KT 767) formed an independent lineage within Fissuroma, while F. aggregatum (KT 984) formed a sister branch with F. bambucicola. A comparison of the 936 nucleotides across the TEF gene region of F. bambucicola and F. aggregatum (KT 984) showed 36 bp (900/936 bp) differences. Morphologically, Fissuroma bambucicola is easily distinguished from F. aggregatum and the three species in Fissuroma for which no molecular data are available [F. fissuristoma (J. Fröhl., K.D. Hyde & Aptroot) Phookamsak & K.D. Hyde, F. kavachabeejae M. Niranjan & V.V. Sarma, and F. microsporum M. Niranjan & V.V. Sarma] (TABLE 2.), because of its larger asci and ascospores. In addition, the two ends of F. bambucicola ‘s mucilaginous sheath do not protrude, so the distinct morphology of F. bambucicola provides strong evidence to be a new species in Fissuroma., Published as part of Feng, Yao, Zhang, Sheng-Nan, Chen, Ya-Ya & Liu, Zuo-Yi, 2022, Fissuroma bambucicola sp. nov. (Aigialaceae, Pleosporales) from Bamboo in Guizhou, China, pp. 64-72 in Phytotaxa 543 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.543.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6424339, {"references":["Tanaka, K. & Harada, Y. (2005) Bambusicolous fungi in Japan (4): A new combination, Astrosphaeriella aggregata. Mycoscience 46 (2): 114 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10267 - 004 - 0223 - 7","Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H., Hatakeyama, S., Harada, Y., Sano 1, T., Shirouzu, T. & Hosoya, T. (2009) Molecular taxonomy of bambusicolous fungi: Tetraplosphaeriaceae, a new pleosporalean family with Tetraploa-like anamorphs. Studies in Mycology 64: 175 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim. 2009.64.10","Liu, J. K., Phookamsak, R., Jones, E. B. G., Zhang, Y., Ko-Ko, T. W., Hu, H. L., Boonmee, S., Doilom, M., Chukeatirote, E., Bahkali, A. H. B., Wang, Y. & Hyde, K. D. (2011) Astrosphaeriella is polyphyletic, with species in Fissuroma gen. nov., and Neoastrosphaeriella gen. nov .. Fungal Diversity 51 (1): 135 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 011 - 0142 - 9","Phookamsak, R., Norphanphoun, C., Tanaka, K., Dai, D. Q., Luo, Z. L., Liu, J. K., Su, H. Y., Bhat, D. J., Bahkali, A. H., Mortimer, P. E., Xu, J. C. & Hyde KD. (2015) Towards a natural classification of Astrosphaeriella - like species; introducing Astrosphaeriellaceae and Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae fam. nov. and Astrosphaeriellopsis, gen. nov .. Fungal Diversity 74 (1): 143 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 015 - 0352 - 7"]}

During an investigation of fungi on bamboos in Guizhou Province of China, a new ascomycete inhabiting decaying bamboo is introduced based on morpho-molecular evidence. Morphologically, our new species is characterized by hemispherical ascomata with slit-like ostiole, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, obclavate to cylindrical asci, and fusiform, hyaline, 1-septate ascospores, surrounded by a distinctive thin sheath, which fit well with Aigialaceae. The phylogenetic analyses based on a combined LSU, ITS, SSU, and TEF1-α sequence data showed that the new collections are affiliated with the genus Fissuroma and can be recognized as a new species Fissuroma bambusicola. The comprehensive description and notes of F. bambusicola are provided.

Additional file 1.

A new natural product, 3α,19-dihydroxyl-ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene (1), which possesses an α-orientation hydroxymethyl at C-4 and ∆8,14 groups, as well as eight known compounds, was isolated from the rhizomes of Ricinus communis. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and its absolute configurations were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The inhibitory rate of 1 against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) was 49.49% at the concentration of 6.58 × 10−5 mol/L.

Copper sulfide deposition on oil-paper insulation will lead to insulation deteriorations or failures in power transformers. Recently, nanoparticles have exhibited great potential in improving dielectric strength of transformer oil. In this work, we aim to investigate the effect of semiconductive nanoparticle on the sulfur corrosion behaviors in the oil-paper insulation by adding certain amount of active organic sulfide. Thermal aging tests of paper-wrapped copper strips in both pure mineral oil and nanofluid were carried out. The corrosive characteristics of paper-wrapped copper strips were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The AC breakdown and lightning impulse breakdown voltages of two corroded oil samples were also tested. Experiments and analysis results indicate that the copper sulfide deposition not only changes the surface morphology of copper strips and insulation paper, but also reduce the dielectric strength of transformer oil. It was found that semiconductive nanoparticles can improve the partial discharge-resistance of corroded transformer oil. The obtained results are helpful for further understand the sulfur corrosion behavior in oil-paper insulation of power transformers.