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In practical linguistic multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems, words may indicate different meanings for various decision makers (DMs), and a high level of group consensus indicates that most of the group members are satisfied with the final solution. This study aims at developing a novel framework that considers the personalized individual semantics (PISs) and group consensus of DMs to tackle linguistic single-valued neutrosophic MCGDM problems. First, a novel discrimination measure for linguistic single-valued neutrosophic numbers (LSVNNs) is proposed, based on which a discrimination-based optimization model is built to assign personalized numerical scales (PNSs). Second, an extended consensus-based optimization model is constructed to identify the weights of DMs considering the group consensus. Then, the overall evaluations of all the alternatives are obtained based on the LSVNN aggregation operator to identify the ranking of alternatives. Finally, the results of the illustrative example, sensitivity and comparative analysis are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

La interacción transcultural es un fenómeno universal en la educación China internacional. Este fenómeno siempre conduce al fracaso pragmático transcultural y al error de la interacción, que se ven afectados por diferentes factores. Con base en las prácticas de la educación China internacional y el análisis de estos fenómenos, así como de sus factores, se ilustra que el factor psicológico cognitivo es la causa raíz de este fenómeno. Luego se exploran las estrategias y métodos para el cultivo de la competencia de interacción intercultural y así tener éxito en lugar de error en la interacción intercultural.

In addition to its role in Alzheimer's disease, amyloid precursor protein (APP) has physiological roles in synapse development and function. APP induces presynaptic differentiation when presented to axons, but the mechanism is unknown. Here we show that APP binds neurexin to mediate this synaptogenic activity. APP specifically binds β not α neurexins modulated by splice site 4. Binding to neurexin heparan sulfate glycan and LNS protein domains is required for high-affinity interaction and for full-length APP to recruit axonal neurexin. The synaptogenic activity of APP is abolished by triple knockdown of neurexins in hippocampal neurons pooled from male and female rats. Based on these and previous results, our model is that a dendritic-axonaltransdimer of full-length APP binds to axonal neurexin-β to promote synaptic differentiation and function. Furthermore, soluble sAPPs also bind neurexin-β and inhibit its interaction with neuroligin-1, raising the possibility that disruption of neurexin function by altered levels of full-length APP and its cleavage products may contribute to early synaptic deficits in Alzheimer's disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe prevailing model for the basis of Alzheimer's disease is the amyloid cascade triggered by altered cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP also has physiological roles at the synapse, but the molecular basis for its synaptic functions is not well understood. Here, we show that APP binds the presynaptic organizing protein neurexin-β and that neurexin is essential for the synaptogenic activity of APP. Furthermore, soluble APP forms generated by APP cleavage also bind neurexin-β and can block interaction with transmembrane synaptogenic ligands of neurexin. These findings reveal a role for neurexin-APP interaction in synapse development and raise the possibility that disruptions of neurexin function may contribute to synaptic and cognitive deficits in the critical early stage of Alzheimer's disease.

In the preparation of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating, the rapid heating of freely-happened electron avalanche under traditional discharge (TD) mode inevitably results in a strong eruption of electric breakdown melt. The PEO coating is loose and invariably composed of a very thin inner dense layer and an outer loose layer, as a result of which its properties and application have been limited greatly. In this work, for purpose of weakening the eruption of breakdown melt, thickening the inner dense layer, densifying the outer loose layer and improving the performance of PEO coating, ordinal discharge (OD) mode of PEO coating is developed by regulating the mass ratio of MgF2 to MgO (α) and voltage in the PEO investigation on AZ61 magnesium alloy in KF-KOH electrolyte. The formation mechanism under different discharge mode, electrochemical corrosion and wear of PEO coatings are investigated. The results show that the suitable α and voltage for effective OD are 1.3 and 130 V under which the freely-happened electron avalanche in MgF2 under TD mode can be restricted by the adequate adjacent MgO. Compared with TD mode, the inner dense layer, in which the ( 1 ¯ 0 1 ¯ ) plane of MgF2 is parallel to the (111) plane of MgO at their well-knit semi-coherent interface, is thickened to 2.4∼7.2 times, the corrosion potential (Ecorr) improvement is enlarged to 3.6∼13.2 times and the corrosion current intensity (Icorr) is reduced from 10.8∼9.499 to 0.433 (10−6 A/cm2). The outer loose layer is densified and the wear rate is lessened 65.5%∼89.8% by the evident melioration in surface porosity, impedance and hardness. This work deepens the understanding about the discharge of PEO coating and provides an available OD mode for preparing excellent PEO coating.

Processing and Analysis code for generating manuscript figures Data processing & analysis: CRISPRi screen eCLIP-seq for YBX1 RNA-seq for siDARS-AS1 & siYBX1 Figure plot: Figure 1C & 1D & 1E Figure 2E & 4E Figure 5A & 5B Figure 7A & 7B & 7C & 7D Figure S1C & S1D & S1E & S1F

This dataset is the supplementary data for "Satellite-based fully connected neural network heating (FCNH) algorithm for estimating latent heating rate inside storms". The dataset contains FCNH retrievals of WRF and GPM DPR. This work utilized the Advanced Research WRF model Version 3.4 to perform cloud simulations in the study area (31°N - 51°N,107°E - 131°E). The WRF model simulation used two nested domains, with internal and external spatial resolutions of 3km and 9km, respectively, and the output data have a total of 55 vertical layers (vertical resolution is 0.25km below 5km). LH at each layer was derived from the calculations of water phase transition among associated hydrometeors based on WRF standard outputs. Contact: For further questions please contact Hongwei Zhao (hwzhao@mail.ustc.edu.cn).

Purpose The purpose of this paper is exploring the effects of segment dynamic and temporal dynamic triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic on classifying service quality attributes, thereby formulating improvement strategies to satisfy customers and respond to threats. Design/methodology/approach Given the dynamics of the attractive quality theory, this paper designs a framework with four phases by embedding techniques of text mining and deep learning based on evidence from online reviews. Findings This paper figures out dynamics of service quality attributes for distinct segments and their dynamic proportion along with different stages of the pandemic. Another finding demonstrates segment dynamic and temporal dynamic effects of sentiments toward service quality attributes on customer satisfaction under the impacts of pandemic. Classification results and improvement strategies are derived for varying segments at different pandemic situations. Practical implications This paper reveals dynamic effects on classifying service quality attributes, which contributes to assisting hospitality practitioners from different segments in improving service quality when facing with the challenges of crisis and potential risks. Originality/value Given hospitality industry is time- and segment-sensitive, the authors achieve the quantification of dynamics of attractive quality theory and extend it into hospitality marketing and crisis management from the perspective of dynamics with evidence from online reviews.

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized with high risk of brain metastasis and poor survival. This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of LDH in limited stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) treated with thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated 197 consecutive patients who underwent TRT and PCI for LS-SCLC between November 2005 and October 2017. Both pretreatment and maximal serum LDH levels (mLDH) during treatment were checked, increased LDH level was defined as more than 240 IU/ml .Clinical factors were tested for associations with intracranial progression-free survival (IPFS) and overall survival (OS) after PCI. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were carried out to identify variables associated with survival.Results: Of the total patients, 95 had higher pretreatment LDH levels, and serum LDH levels were increased in 95 patients during treatment. In patients with the normal and elevated mLDH groups, the 1-, 2- and 5-year IPFS rate were 96.7% vs. 90.1%,91.7% vs. 73.8% and 87.8% vs. 61.0% (P < 0.01),respectively. Compared to those with normal LDH level, patients with increased mLDH level had higher cumulative risk of intracranial metastasis [hazard ratio (HR),3.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.73-8.63; P< 0.01], and worse overall survival [HR,2.59; 95% CI, 1.67-4.04; P < 0.01]. The factors of LDH level at baseline or changes between pretreatment level and maximum level during treatment failed to predict BMs or OS with statistical significance.In the multivariate analyses, both mLDH during treatment [HR,3.53; 95% CI, 1.57-7.92; P = 0.002] and age≥60 [HR, 2.46; 95% CI,1.22-4.94; P =0.012] were independently associated with worse IPFS. Factors significantly associated with worse OS included mLDH during treatment [HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.56-3.86; P< 0.001], IIIB stage [HR, 1.75; 95% CI,1.06-2.88; P =0.029] and conventional radiotherapy applied in TRT [HR, 1.66; 95% CI,1.04-2.65; P =0.034]. Conclusion: mLDH level during treatment, but not pretreatment level predicts brain metastasis and survival in LS-SCLC patients treated with TRT and PCI, which may provide valuable information for identifying patients with poor survival outcomes.

Crepidotus herbaceus and C. ulmicola, found on herbaceous plants and bark, respectively, are described as new species. A remarkably minute, white, tomentose pileus and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, almost smooth or finely ornamented basidiospores distinguish the two species from other members of Crepidotus. The habitats of the two species (on bark of Ulmus trees and on leaves and stems of living herbaceous plants) are unusual in this nearly saprophytic fungal genus. Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses based on ITS rDNA confirmed the distinctiveness of these two new species. Full descriptions, scanning electron micrographs of basidiospores, and morphological illustrations are provided.

Two new isoflavones (1 and 2), as well as eight known ones were isolated from the roots of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Compound 1 represents an unprecedented polymerization pattern constructed by isoflavone and cytisine. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, combined with ECD calculations. Compound 1 displayed significant anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activity compared with the positive control ningnanmycin. Moreover, compound 6 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 47.4 mg/L.

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, which poses huge disease burdens in China. A study was conducted to systematically analyze the recent prevalence trend of AF and age-related disparities in AF risk among the nationwide healthy check-up population.MethodWe conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study involving 3,049,178 individuals ≥35 years from health check-up centers to explore the prevalence and trend of AF by age, sex, and region from 2012 to 2017. Additionally, we analyzed risk factors associated with AF among the overall population and different age groups via the Boruta algorithm, the LASSO regression, and the Logistic regression.ResultThe age-, sex-. and regional-standardized prevalence of AF kept stable between 0.4%–0.45% among national physical examination individuals from 2012 to 2017. However, the prevalence of AF showed an undesirable upward trend in the 35–44-year age group (annual percentage changes (APC): 15.16 [95%CI: 6.42,24.62]). With increasing age, the risk of AF associated with the overweight or obesity gradually exceeds that associated with diabetes and hypertension. In addition to traditional leading risk factors such as age≥65 and coronary heart disease, elevated uric acid and impaired renal function were tightly correlated with AF in the population.ConclusionThe significant rise in the prevalence of AF in the 35–44 age group reminds us that in addition to the elderly (the high-risk group), younger people seem to be in more urgent need of attention. Age-related disparities in AF risk also exist. This updated information may provide references for the national prevention and control of AF.

Ivmaka longicaudatus Xu & Dietrich, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–14) Type species: Holotype. J (UCD), Papua New Guinea Gulf: Ivimka Res. Station Lakekamu Basin, 120m 7’44’S 146’30’E, 7–8, March, 2000, T. Sears, MT. Paratypes. 2J (INHS), same data as holotype. Description. Body length: male 3.1–3.3 mm. General color of body orange brown (Figs. 1–3). Vertex orange yellow; coronal suture brown, with pair of irregular dark brown spots on each side (Figs. 1–3). Eyes silvery gray to black (Figs. 1–3). Ocelli surrounded by yellowish creamy patches (Fig. 3). Face orange to pale yellow from vertex to anteclypeus; lateral frontal suture brown (Fig. 3). Pronotum with median yellow transverse band bordered by thin dark brown lines, anterior margin white, posterior part tan (Fig. 1). Mesonotum with basolateral triangles black, otherwise dark brown (Fig. 1). Forewing dark brown, subhyaline distally with veins brown and contrasting with pale membrane; hind wing transparent, veins brown (Figs. 1, 2). Legs orange except the pretarsus dark brown (Figs. 1–3). Male 2S abdominal apodemes parallel, moderately broad, reaching middle of segment V (Fig. 4). Male pygofer bearing 2–3 long and 10–11 small rigid setae on dorsal margin, group of 17–20 feeble microsetae near middle of lobe; distal process of pygofer lobe nearly straight and evenly tapered; dorsal bridge extended almost four-fifths length of lobe (Figs. 7, 8). Anal tube process slender, sinuate, apex sharply narrowed to point hooked anterad (Fig. 9). Style sinuate, dentifer bearing about 13 tiny teeth preceded by 2 fine setae and few sensory pits (Fig. 10). Connective 1amellate, with medial sclerotization; anterior margin straight or weakly concave; lateral margin distinctly constricted (Fig. 11). Subgenital plate in lateral view with apex round and bent dorsad along ventral margin of pygofer lobe; basal setae (7–8) uniseriate, distinctly longer than marginal setae, marginal setae (29–30) arranged in 1–2 rows occupying nearly half length of dorsal margin, macrosetae (21–22) arising near based of plate, terminated at marginal setae, feeble microsetae (54–60) irregularly arranged in 3–6 irregular rows (Figs. 7, 12). Aedeagus slender, V-shaped in lateral view, shaft with few tiny teeth dorsally, wide basally, then abruptly narrowed, apex bifid in posterior view giving rise to pair of short distally directed processes (Figs. 13, 14). Etymology. The specific epithet is a compound Latin adjective “ longicaudatus ”, which refers to the elongate male pygofer of the new species. Distribution. Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Xu, Ye, Zhang, Peng-Wen, Dietrich, Christopher H. & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2023, A new genus of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Papua New Guinea, pp. 175-179 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on pages 176-177, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7864498

Ivmaka Xu & Dietrich, gen. nov. Type species: Ivmaka longicaudatus Xu & Dietrich sp. n., here designated. Description. Body robust. Head including eyes broader than pronotum in dorsal aspect, crown short and broad, round anteriorly, length less than half width between eyes, coronal suture long, restricted by vertex and postfrons, dorsal part of the frontoclypeus (above antennal pits) with median longitudinal suture continuous with coronal suture (Figs. 1, 3). Ocelli distinct, located on anterior margin of crown midway between eyes and coronal suture (Fig. 3). Face moderately broad; lateral frontal suture well delimited, curved mesad above antennal pit and meeting epistomal suture at midline ventromesad of ocelli; anteclypeus slightly convex, not expanded; rostrum distinctly overlapping base of hind coxae (Fig. 3). Pronotum large, almost twice as long as crown, with sinuate transverse depression (Fig. 1). Forewing narrow, round apically, apical cells occupying nearly one-third of total length, c and r cells nearly equal in width, both narrower than m and cua cells; vein R2 and RM arising from r cell, connected by cross-vein, vein MCu arising from m cell, veins RM and MCu evenly curved and almost parallel throughout their length (Fig. 5). Hind wing with CuA unbranched (Fig. 6). Front femur seta AM1 stout, situated near ventral margin; intercalary row with one large basal seta and five smaller setae more distad. Hind femur with macrosetal formula 2+1+1. Hind-tibia row AV with six preapical macrosetae (Figs. 1–3). Male 2S abdominal apodemes well developed (Fig. 4). Male pygofer elongate, posterior margin extended into sharp point, with conspicuous basolateral setal group and macrosetae, distal setal group scattered on each side of lobe, dorsal bridge well delimited, ventral appendage absent (Figs. 7, 8). Anal tube process well developed, extended to ventral margin of pygofer lobe (Fig. 9). Style broadened at base, sinuate in ventral and lateral views, apex tapered, dentifer adorned with tiny teeth and preapical setae (Fig. 10). Connective much longer than broad, caudal margin notched medially (Fig. 11). Subgenital plate extended beyond main part of pygofer lobe but not surpassing distal process, broadest near base and slightly trapered and upturned apically, basolateral lobe rounded; four categories of setae present: basal setae slim, arranged in row along basolateral lobe; marginal setae well defined but somewhat irregularly arranged, limited to distal part of plate margin; macrosetae uniseriate, reaching apex of plate; feeble microsetae numerous, scattered, longer than macrosetae (Figs. 7, 12). Aedeagus shaft tubular, preatrium short, dorsoatrium well developed, gonopore apical on ventral surface (Figs. 13, 14). Notes. This new genus will run to Mindanaoa Mahmood, 1967 and Smyga Dworakowska, 1995 in the generic key of Xu et al. (2021) but differs from Mindanaoa Mahmood and Smyga Dworakowska in presence of a well-developed dorsoatrium on the aedeagus (Fig. 13) (dorsoatrium absent in Mindanaoa Mahmood and Smyga Dworakowska). Among other previously described genera in Empoasca -group, this new genus is superficially similar to Dapitana Mahmood, 1967 and Serratulus Mahmood, 1967 in having the coronal suture well developed (Fig. 3), and vein R2 and RM connected by a cross-vein in the forewing (Fig. 5). However, this new genus differs from Dapitana Mahmood in having the pygofer with a conspicuous basolateral setal group (Fig. 7) and vein ScP+RA present on the forewing (Fig. 5) (absent in Dapitana Mahmood). It differs from Serratulus Mahmood, 1967 in having the subgenital plate with macrosetae uniseriate (Fig. 12) (vs. arranged in two rows). Furthermore, this new genus is unique in having the pygofer lobe extended into a distal spine-like process surpassing the subgenital plate (Figs. 7, 8). Distribution. Papua New Guinea. Etymology. The generic name alludes to the locality of the type material (Ivimka Res. Station). Gender: masculine., Published as part of Xu, Ye, Zhang, Peng-Wen, Dietrich, Christopher H. & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2023, A new genus of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Papua New Guinea, pp. 175-179 in Zootaxa 5271 (1) on page 176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7864498, {"references":["Mahmood, S. H. (1967) A study of the typhlocybine genera of the Oriental region (Thailand, the Philippines and adjoining areas). Pacific Insects Monographs, 12, 1 - 52.","Dworakowska, I. (1995) Szara gen. nov. and some other Oriental Empoascini (Insecta: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). Entomologische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fur Tierkunde Dresden, 56, 129 - 160.","Xu, Y., Dietrich, C. H., Zhang, Y. L. Dmitriev, D. A., Zhang, L., Wang, Y. M., Lu, S. H. & Qin, D. Z. (2021) Phylogeny of the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) based on morphological characteristics, with reclassification of the Empoasca generic group. Systematic Entomology, 46, 266 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12461"]}

With the deepening of machine vision research and increasingly mature application in the commercial field, researchers have begun to pay attention to the practical applications of various visual methods in the industrial field. In order to improve the real-time performance and low cost of the algorithm, an optimized multi-scale template matching method for detecting automotive floor solder joints is proposed based on traditional image processing and multi template matching algorithms. This article uses digital analog information to optimize distorted images, and uses the coordinates and quantity information of solder joints to obtain image distortion coefficients. In order to improve the accuracy of small object detection, the image is segmented into small blocks and enhanced.By optimizing and iterating multiple times to obtain accurate coordinate transformation relationships, the final detection results are filtered, improving the detection accuracy and effectiveness. This method can be better applied to industrial production, with practicality and feasibility.

BackgroundThe estimated lifetime risk of stroke was the highest in East Asia worldwide, especially in China. Antihypertensive therapy can significantly reduce stroke mortality. However, blood pressure control is poor. Medication adherence is a barrier as patients’ out-of-pocket costs have risen. We aimed to take advantage of a free hypertension pharmacy intervention and quantified the impact on stroke mortality.MethodsA free pharmaceutical intervention program was implemented in Deqing, Zhejiang province in April 2018. Another non-pharmaceutical intervention, social distancing due to the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was also key to affecting stroke mortality. We retrospectively collected the routine surveillance data of stroke deaths from Huzhou Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control in 2013–2020 and obtained within-city mobility data from Baidu Migration in 2019–2020, then we quantified the effects of both pharmaceutical intervention and social distancing using Serfling regression model.ResultsCompared to the predicted number, the actual number of stroke deaths was significantly lower by 10% (95% CI, 6–15%; p p p = 0.28) increase in stroke mortality due to the adverse effect of COVID-19 but it wasn’t statistically significant.ConclusionFree hypertension pharmacy program has great potential to prevent considerable stroke deaths. In the future, the free supply of low-cost, essential medications that target patients with hypertension at increased risk of stroke could be taken into account in formulating public health policies and guiding allocations of health care resources.

ObjectiveUnilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) represents a relatively recent development in minimally invasive spine surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of UBE foraminotomy and diskectomy combined with piezosurgery for treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) with neuropathic radicular pain.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the outcomes in 12 patients with CSR who underwent UBE foraminotomy and diskectomy combined with piezosurgery. The intraoperative blood loss, operative time, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for the neck and arm, neck disability index (NDI) scores, and complications were recorded.ResultsPostoperative VAS scores of the neck and arm and NDI scores were significantly improved. Additionally, a postoperative CT scan revealed adequate enlargement of the cervical canal and nerve root. No specific complications occurred during surgery and the immediate postoperative period.ConclusionsThis primary study indicated that the UBE foraminotomy and diskectomy with piezosurgery is a promising technique for treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with neuropathic radicular pain.

Background and aimsMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) was proposed to substitute NAFLD in 2020. This new term highlights the systematic metabolic disturbances that accompany fatty liver. We evaluated the correlations between MAFLD and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCA) based on a nationwide health examination population in China.MethodsWe performed a nationwide cross-sectional population and a Beijing retrospective cohort from 2009 to 2017. SCA was defined as elevated carotid intima-media thickness. The multivariable logistic and Cox models were used to analyze the association between MAFLD and SCA.Results153,482 participants were included in the cross-sectional study. MAFLD was significantly associated with SCA in fully adjusted models, with an odds ratio of 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-1.70. This association was consistent in the cohort, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.31. The association between baseline MAFLD and incident SCA increased with hepatic steatosis severity. Subgroup analysis showed an interaction between age and MAFLD, with a higher risk in younger groups (HR:1.67, 95% CI: 1.17-2.40).ConclusionIn this large cross-section and cohort study, MAFLD was significantly associated with the presence and development of SCA. Further, the risk was higher among MAFLD individuals with high hepatic steatosis index and young adults.

A 2 K heat exchanger is essential for 2 K superfluid helium cryogenic systems, as it increases cooling capacity and improves overall system efficiency. The thermal performance of a 2 K heat exchanger is affected by many factors, such as fluid properties, operating conditions, and geometric parameters. The segmented effectiveness-NTU method approach is used to design the heat exchanger because the physical prosperities of helium vary significantly in the heat exchanger's working temperature, which greatly influences heat transfer characteristics. Meanwhile, the response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the heat exchanger. The optimum combination of geometry parameters is found based on thermal performance and fabrication. According to analyses of single and multiple geometric characteristics by RSM, the tube diameter and fin number have the most significant impact on the heat exchanger performance. Finally, the performance of the heat exchanger is verified experimentally. The experimental results are in good agreement with the present design and optimization model.

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in ~ 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P = 1.1 × 10-4) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR = 3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P = 2.1 × 10-4). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR = 19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P = 3.4 × 10-3), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR = 4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P = 7.7 × 10-8). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD] = 43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P = 1.68 × 10-5).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60years old.

ObjectivesSacral neuromodulation is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for refractory lower urinary tract dysfunction. However, regular postoperative programming is crucial for the maintenance of the curative effects of electronic sacral stimulator devices. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) limited the ability of practitioners to perform traditional face-to-face programming of these stimulators. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the application of remote programming technology for sacral neuromodulation during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively collected data including baseline and programming information of all patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction who underwent sacral neuromodulation remote programming in China after the outbreak of COVID-19 (i.e., December 2019). The patients also completed a self-designed telephone questionnaire on the subject.ResultsA total of 51 patients from 16 centers were included. They underwent 180 total remote programming visits, and 118, 2, 25, and 54 voltage, current, pulse width, and frequency adjustments, respectively, were performed. Additionally, remote switching on and off was performed 8 times; impedance test, 54 times; and stimulation contact replacement, 25 times. The demand for remote programming was the highest during the first 6 months of sacral neuromodulation (average, 2.39 times per person). In total, 36 out of the 51 patients completed the questionnaire survey. Of these, all indicated that they chose remote programming to minimize unnecessary travel because they had been affected by COVID-19. The questionnaire also showed that remote programming could reduce the number of patient visits to the hospital, save time, reduce financial costs, and would be easy for patients to master. All surveyed patients indicated that they were satisfied with remote programming and were willing to recommend it to other patients.ConclusionRemote programming for sacral neuromodulation is feasible, effective, safe, and highly recommended by patients with refractory lower urinary tract dysfunction. Remote programming technology has great development and application potential in the post-pandemic era.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a high-incidence malignant tumor worldwide and lacks effective treatment options. Targeted drugs are the preferred recommendations for the systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunotherapy is a breakthrough in the systemic treatment of malignant tumors, including HCC. However, either targeted therapy or immunotherapy alone is inefficient and has limited survival benefits on part of HCC patients. Investigations have proved that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have regulatory effects on the tumor microenvironment and immune response, which are potential sensitizers for immunotherapy. Herein, a combination therapy using TKIs and immunotherapy has been explored and demonstrated to improve the effectiveness of treatment. As an effective immunotherapy, adoptive T cell therapy in solid tumors is required to improve tumor infiltration and killing activity which can be possibly achieved by combination with TKIs.

Background: Many transcription factors involved in embryonic development and reactivated in tumors are considered potential prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in various cancers. Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1), a developmentally restricted transcriptional regulator, plays a critical role during tumor initiation and development. However, the prognostic value and biological function of SIX1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. Methods: Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to investigate the expression of SIX1 in cancer and adjacent normal tissues of NSCLC and further explore the correlations between SIX1 expression and clinical outcomes. Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis were performed to detect of SIX1 expression level in NSCLC cell lines and normal bronchial epithelial cell. EdU, CCK-8, clonal formation assay, wound healing and transwell assay were performed to explore the effects of gain- or loss-of-function of SIX1 on cellular proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the potential signaling pathways involved in SIX1 mediated biological function and the correlation was confirmed by western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. In vivo experiment was conducted to further validate the tumor-promoting effects of SIX1. Results: Bioinformatic analysis indicated that SIX1 was markedly upregulated in NSCLC tissues of and positively correlated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Ectopic expression of SIX1 facilitated proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells. On the contrary, knocking down SIX1 exhibited the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies suggested that SIX1 activated the Notch pathway to promote the malignant biological behaviors of NSCLC, which could be reversed by inhibiting the Notch signaling with γ-secretase inhibitor. Conclusions: SIX1 could facilitate multiple malignant biological behaviors by activating the Notch signaling pathway and function as a promising prognostic biomarker.

Boletaceae, the largest family in Boletales, has been attracted by mycologists in the world due to its diverse morphology and complex history of evolution. Although considerable work has been done in the past decades, novel taxa are continually described. The current study aimed to introduce three new taxa and one new record of Boletaceae from China. The morphological descriptions, color photographs, phylogenetic trees to show the positions of the taxa, and comparisons with allied taxa are provided. The new genus Hemilanmaoa is unique in the Pulveroboletus group, and Hemilanmaoa retistipitatus was introduced as the type species. It can be distinguished by its bluing basidioma when injured, a decurrent hymenophore, a stipe covered with distinct reticulations, and a fertile stipitipellis. Porphyrellus pseudocyaneotinctus is characterized by its pileipellis consisting of broadly concatenated cells and thin-walled caulocystidia in Porphyrellus. In Phylloporus, Phylloporus biyangensis can be distinguished by its hymenophores that change to blue when injured and yellow basal mycelium. Lanmaoa angustispora, as a new record, is first reported in Northern China. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), RNA polymerase II subunit 1 (rpb1), and RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) were employed to execute phylogenetic analyses.

The arid region in China with rich mineral resources are belongs to ecological fragile region with inadequate recovering capacity. Hundred years of continues mining of mineral resources for economic purposes, leads to the problem of land degradation caused by the spatial coupling of large-scale mining disturbance and arid fragile ecological environment. The environmental problems created by mining have not been addressed promptly, while at the same time, new problems have emerged. On the basis of our 20 years of practical experience on ecological restoration in mining areas, review and synthesis of selective literature, with interpretation and perspective, the mining situation and its ecological impacts, the factors impeding ecological restoration capability in the arid region in China were examined, the key challenges and promotion strategy were presented. The main findings of this study are as follows: Land degradation is the most prominent problem resulting in mining activities, and mainly reflected by immediate disturbance, long term effects and ecological degradation. The main challenges faced by mining area restoration in arid areas are unclear objectives of ecological restoration, lack of ecological water consumption, unreasonable selection of indigenous plants, serious land degradation and wide restoration area. Our restoration experiments in typical mining areas have proved that the micro-topography reconstruction measures can increase surface roughness, redistribute limited precipitation resources (especially snow), and make soil water and nutrients carried by surface runoff and collected in valleys to regulate soil infiltration and water supply, so as to achieve water-saving and non-irrigated vegetation restoration .The ideal restoration effects are the mitigation of geological hazards, the increase of available land resources, and the improvement of ecosystem services in mining areas. This study would be helpful to carried out related implementation on ecological restoration and could act as a valuable reference for the researchers involved in the ecological restoration.in arid region.

BackgroundCardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an essential intervention after acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is still unclear whether patients with left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) formation after anterior MI would benefit from CR programs. This clinical trial is designed to assess the role of CR in patients with LVA formation after anterior MI.Trial designThe GRACE study is a single-center, single-blind, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial in China. 100 subjects aged 18–75 years with LVA formation after anterior MI will be recruited and randomized 1:1 to the CR or control group. Both groups will receive standard drug treatment and routine health education according to the guidelines. Participants in the CR group will additionally receive tailored CR programs delivered over a period of 36 sessions. These participants will then be followed up for 1-year. The primary outcome is peak oxygen uptake measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing after CR programs. The secondary outcomes are cardiac function and EuroQol 5-Dimension-3 Level index scores after CR program and 1-year and major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events, a composite of cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, malignant arrhythmia or hospitalization for heart failure during the follow-up period.ConclusionsThis single-center, single-blind, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial will determine whether CR improves physical capacity and clinical outcomes in patients with LVA formation after anterior MI.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200058852. Registered on 18 April 2022.

Artificial magnetic fields are unavoidable environment for offshore marine organisms. With the substantially increasing submarine cables, the impact of magnetic field generated by cables on marine organisms has gradually attracted people’s attention. However, there are few studies on the effect of magnetic field on molluscs. To explore whether magnetic fields could interfere with the physiological functions of offshore molluscs, here we systematically analyzed the change of metabolism and transcriptome of Elysia leucolegnote exposed to either geomagnetic field or 1.1 T static magnetic field. The blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes in E. leucolegnote were significantly increased upon the exposure to high static magnetic field for 10 days. Meanwhile, the activities of enzymes related to digestive performance and liver functions were decreased. Possible mechanisms were further revealed through comparative transcriptome analysis. A total of 836 differentially expressed genes were identified, 352 of which were up-regulated and 484 of which were down-regulated after exposure to the high static magnetic field. The up-regulated differential genes were mainly concentrated in lysosomal and apoptotic pathways, and down-regulated differential genes were mainly involved in digestive and immune systems including phagocytosis. This pattern was further confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to a 1.1 T static magnetic field increased oxidative stress and blood glucose and lipid levels, and decreased immunity and physiological conditions in E. leucolegnote. The data we presented here provides a comprehensive view of metabolism change and gene expression pattern of E. leucolegnote exposed to static magnetic field. It may expand our knowledge on the magnetic field effects on offshore mollusc at molecular level, and contribute to clarification of the interaction between marine animals and artificial magnetic fields, which is certainly ecologically important.

Background and aim: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is uncommon in the elderly. This study aimed to compare the surgical prognosis and survival between senior and younger patients. We also explored the factors that were independently related to the survival of elderly patients.Methods: We identified ACC patients between 2010 and 2019 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and applied Kaplan-Meier curves to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) with log-rank tests. We also used Cox regression analysis to estimate the OS and CSS. The Fine and Gray model with the Gray test was used to measure the cumulative incidence function (CIF) of CSS and other mortality causes of patients in a competing-risks setting.Results: Of 876 patients, 44.06% were elderly. A lower proportion of elderly patients underwent surgery, regional lymph node surgery, and chemotherapy than young patients. Elderly patients also had inferior OS and CSS than younger patients. The 1- and 5-year OS of elderly patients who underwent surgery were 68% [95% confidence interval (CI): 62%–74%] and 30% (95% CI: 24%–38%), and the 1- and 5-year CSS were 73% (95% CI: 67%–80%) and 40% (95% CI: 32%–47%). The factors independently related to worsened survival included age ≥60 [Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.47 (1.24–1.75)], metastatic disease [HR: 1.90 (1.49–2.51)], higher grade [HR: 1.94 (1.08–3.46)] and Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) stage [HR: 1.99 (1.48–2.66)].Conclusion: Younger ACC patients had better survival than the elderly. Factors independently related to worsened survival in elderly patients included age ≥60, metastatic disease, higher grade, and European ENSAT stage.

Supplementary Material 2

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Sample collection, single-cell clustering and marker gene visualization for major lineages. Fig. S2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of immune cells. Fig. S3. Cluster marker genes, tumor cell identification, cellular fractions and hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining for epithelial cells. Fig. S4. Upregulated genes and signatures for malignant cells among TN, MPR and NMPR patients and serum estradiol dynamics. Fig. S5. Marker genes, differentially expressed genes and RNA velocity for T/NK subsets. Fig. S6. Marker genes, immunofluorescence, and Nichenet analysis for B-cell subsets. Fig. S7. Marker genes and survival analysis for myeloid subsets. Fig. S8. Monocle, SCENIC and cellular fraction analysis for neutrophil subsets.

Supplementary Material 1

International audience; The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), the first multi-kton liquid scintillator detector, which is under construction in China, will have a unique potential to perform a real-time measurement of solar neutrinos well below the few MeV threshold typical for Water Cherenkov detectors. JUNO's large target mass and excellent energy resolution are prerequisites for reaching unprecedented levels of precision. In this paper, we provide estimation of the JUNO sensitivity to 7Be, pep, and CNO solar neutrinos that can be obtained via a spectral analysis above the 0.45 MeV threshold. This study is performed assuming different scenarios of the liquid scintillator radiopurity, ranging from the most opti mistic one corresponding to the radiopurity levels obtained by the Borexino experiment, up to the minimum requirements needed to perform the neutrino mass ordering determination with reactor antineutrinos - the main goal of JUNO. Our study shows that in most scenarios, JUNO will be able to improve the current best measurements on 7Be, pep, and CNO solar neutrino fluxes. We also perform a study on the JUNO capability to detect periodical time variations in the solar neutrino flux, such as the day-night modulation induced by neutrino flavor regeneration in Earth, and the modulations induced by temperature changes driven by helioseismic waves.