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Herein, the clinical data of 20 patients with pontine hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent surgery via infratemporal-prepetrosal approach between January 2013 and June 2021 in the Department of Neurosurgery from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. There were 15 males and 5 females. The age ranged from 32 to 69 years, with an average age of 47.9 years. The course of disease was 3.5-16.0 h, with an average of 6.7 h. All the patients underwent surgery successfully. The hematomas of 17 patients were completely removed while the hematomas of the other 3 patients were partially removed. One patient died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome during 30 days follow-up after surgery. The other patients were evaluated by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), and the results showed that 1 patient was in Grade 5, 7 patients were in Grade 4, 6 patients were in Grade 3, 4 patients were in Grade 2, and 2 patients were in Grade 1. The surgery via infratemporal-prepetrosal approach is a safe, reasonable and feasible treatment for pontine hemorrhage. Especially for the patients who were younger than 50 years old, with high preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) grade and surgical indications. This surgical technique can effectively reduce the mortality and improve the prognosis of patients with pontine hemorrhage. Moreover, patients should be operated within 6 hours after pontine hemorrhage as soon as possible.回顾性分析2013年1月至2021年6月期间苏州大学附属第一医院神经外科收治并通过颞下岩前入路进行手术治疗的20例桥脑出血患者临床资料。男15例，女5例；年龄32~69岁，平均年龄47.9岁。病程3.5~16.0 h，平均6.7 h。均完成手术治疗，其中血肿完全清除17例，部分清除3例。术后30 d随访，死亡1例，死于多器官功能障碍综合征；其余患者术后90 d随访，格拉斯哥预后量表（GOS）评分5分1例，4分7例，3分6例，2分4例，1分2例。颞下岩前入路治疗桥脑出血属于安全、合理、可行的治疗方案。尤其对于年龄50岁，术前格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分较高并且具备手术指征的患者，颞下岩前入路能够有效降低病死率，改善桥脑出血预后，并且应当尽快在出血后6 h内进行手术。.

A reproducible, quasi-stationary edge localized mode (ELM)-suppressed scenario was obtained over a wide range of plasma parameters by continuous injection of boron (B) powder into an upper-single null discharge in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak [Sun et al., Nucl. Fusion 61, 014002 (2021)]. This powder-induced ELM-absent regime is associated with an edge harmonic mode (EHM) that provides continuous particle exhaust to maintain constant density without confinement degradation and impurity accumulation, the latter of which is often observed in ELM-free regimes. A flow rate threshold of B powder injection, leading to a threshold intensity of the EHM, is necessary for full ELM suppression. The fundamental harmonic of the EHM exhibits a toroidal mode number n = 1. The mode is observable in the entire poloidal cross section with a peak near the upper X-point in an upper-single null configuration. The EHM spans radially across the pedestal and scrape-off layer, peaking inside the separatrix. The EHM appears to be insensitive to q95, heating power, plasma toroidal rotation, and pedestal collisionality.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the flow control of a stalled NACA 0015 airfoil at a Reynolds number Re=7.7×104 using a sawtooth dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator. The novel electrode configuration involves two sawtooth-shaped electrodes, which are arranged with opposite sawteeth pointing at each other, resulting in a periodic change in the electrode gap. The sawtooth dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is investigated for the first time for flow separation control. The flow structures generated by this actuator are found to depend on the height and width of the sawtooth. The application of this actuator on the airfoil leading edge leads to a delay in the stall angle of attack α by 5 deg and an increase in the maximum lift coefficient CLmax by 9%. Under the same power consumption, the conventional dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator with straight-edged electrodes achieves a delay in stall α by only 3 deg and an increase in CLmax by about 3%. The difference...

In order to improve the management and control level of bridge construction and understand the real-time dynamics of bridge construction in real time, a set of cloud 3D visualization information management and control system is created based on the Internet platform. In view of the characteristics of high precision and great difficulty in the construction control of corrugated steel webs bridge, a set of construction control and control software based on B/S (browser/server) architecture is developed to help managers know the site structure state more intuitionistic and improve the efficiency of construction control and control. The system deeply integrates the two-dimensional plane information with the three-dimensional entity, and realizes the three-dimensional display of information flow by highly restoring the real bridge construction state in the three-dimensional scene. The results show that the system can assist the management personnel to carry out construction management and improve the engineering efficiency through linear prediction. The system can realize the dynamic demonstration of the long span CSW-PC continuous rigid frame bridge 3D model and the graphical display of the construction measurement and control data and progress information.

In order to explore the control effect of arch assisted system on long-term deflection of long-span PC continuous girder bridge, an evaluation framework of long-term deflection control effect is proposed. Firstly, the functional relationship between long-term deflection and structural parameters is fitted based on the measured data, and the deflection prediction model is established; Secondly, based on the calculation method of bending stiffness of inversion theory, the evaluation framework of long-term deflection control effect based on the analogy stiffness method is proposed; Finally, based on the engineering example, under the premise of equal load sharing ratio, the above frame is applied to carry out parameter analysis. The results show that the deflection prediction model based on the measured data has good correlation, and the established evaluation framework can quantitatively evaluate the control effect of arch auxiliary system on long-term deflection.

Uniform distribution of liquid feed on fluidzed bed increase yield on valuable of products and improves operability in the process of fluid coking, and it is of crucial improtance to optimize the contact between the injected liquid and the bed solids. The moisture in fluidized bed is divided into three groups: (a) free moisture, (b) microagglomerates, and (c) macroagglomerates. The goal of this study was to develop a rapid and reliable experimental technique to assess the liquid-solid contact efficiency resulting from the injection of gas-atomized liquid feed. Immediately after the injection of liquid through an atomization nozzle, the triboelectric charges accumulated on the particles migrated to a grounded electrode through the paths offered by the conductive liquid. The methods based on the in situ measurements of the bed conductance varies with time, therefore, use to detect the liquid distribution on different agglomerates, and the air-liquid ratio effect of nozzle is also presented.

A study is performed numerically to understand the effect of incident turbulence intensity T u (0%–10%) on flow-induced vibration of an isolated elastic cylinder subjected to an axial tubular flow. The cylinder fix-supported at both ends is free to vibrate laterally. Large eddy simulation and the two-way coupled CFD-CSM calculation are employed to capture the characteristics of turbulent flow and fluid–structure interaction, respectively. The calculated root-mean-square (rms) vibration amplitude of the cylinder agrees reasonably well with experimental data at T u = 0 .3%, thus providing a validation for the present numerical code. The dimensionless velocity u ∗ ≡ U ∞ L( ρ f A c /EI) 1∕2 is in the range of 1.52 – 9.67, where U ∞ , ρ f , L, A c and EI are the free-stream velocity, fluid density, length and cross-sectional area of the cylinder and the corresponding flexural rigidity, respectively. The T u is found to produce a pronounced effect on dynamics of the cylinder at u ∗ ≤ 9.67. At u ∗ = 3 . 30 , the vibration amplitude of the cylinder significantly increases with increasing T u from 0 to 10%. Under the same T u range, the onset of cylinder buckling does not depend on T u , though the onset of flutter does. The cylinder buckles at u ∗ = 7 . 92 and T u = 0% and further undergoes flutter instability as T u increases to 1.0%. It is proposed that interactions between the buckled cylinder and the higher-intensity turbulence amplifies the shear layer instability around the cylinder, forming uniform-low-pressure and nonuniform-high-pressure regions around the cylinder. These regions quasi-periodically reposition, thus generating unsteady lateral forces that are responsible for the flutter instability at T u = 1 .0%. It is found that dimensionless rms vibration amplitude A r m s ∗ (= [( A x r m s /D)2 + ( A y r m s /D)2] 1∕2 , where D and the first letter of the subscript denote cylinder diameter and vibration direction, respectively) in flutter scales linearly with the effective velocity u e f f ∗ = u ∗ TF, where turbulence factor TF is introduced to account for the effect of T u .

A numerical study is conducted on the effect of inlet turbulent intensity on the axial-flow-induced vibration of an elastic cylinder subjected to axial tubular flow. The cylinder with fix-supported ends is free to vibrate in the lateral direction. While a large eddy simulation is used to calculate the turbulent flow field, the Ansys mechanical + Fluent two-way coupling has been deployed to capture the fluid-structure interaction. The calculation agrees qualitatively with experimental data. Various inlet turbulence intensities, T u , i.e., 0, 0.3, 5.0 and 10.0%, are examined at two non-dimensional flow velocities, \( \overline{U} \), i.e., 3.30 and 7.62. The results show that T u has a significant effect on the cylinder vibration. At \( \overline{U} \) = 3.30, the maximum displacement grows with T u and the vibration is classified as the subcritical vibration; the instability of cylinder is not induced with increasing T u . At \( \overline{U} \) = 7.62, the buckling occurs at T u = 0%, while the flutter takes place at T u = 0.3%; both are associated with an asymmetric pressure distribution around the cylinder.

This work aims to investigate experimentally the fluid-structure interaction FSI for a flexible cylinder subjected to axial turbulent flows. Two configurations are considered; a solitary flexible cylinder with simple support ends and is free to vibrate in the transverse direction, another configuration is a non-flexible cylinder which installed parallel and adjacent to the flexible cylinder in various cylinder centre-to-centre pitch P * (=P/D, where D is the diameter of the flexible cylinder). Investigation on the effect of axial-flow turbulence intensity T u at 0.7 and 2.9% on the FSI for the two configurations over a range of freestream velocity U∞ (0.19–2.14 m/s) is performed by means of simultaneous measurement of flexible cylinder vibration and velocity field adjacent to the cylinder. We found that T u has a strong effect on the flexible cylinder vibration in both configurations. At high ∞ and T u , we observed substantial interaction of flow structures between cylinders which provokes the buckling of the flexible cylinder at a lower critical velocity compared with its counterpart of a solitary cylinder.

Owing to the unusual geometry of kagome lattices-lattices made of corner-sharing triangles-their electrons are useful for studying the physics of frustrated, correlated and topological quantum electronic states. In the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling, the magnetic and electronic structures of kagome lattices are further entangled, which can lead to hitherto unknown spin-orbit phenomena. Here we use a combination of vector-magnetic-field capability and scanning tunnelling microscopy to elucidate the spin-orbit nature of the kagome ferromagnet Fe3Sn2 and explore the associated exotic correlated phenomena. We discover that a many-body electronic state from the kagome lattice couples strongly to the vector field with three-dimensional anisotropy, exhibiting a magnetization-driven giant nematic (two-fold-symmetric) energy shift. Probing the fermionic quasi-particle interference reveals consistent spontaneous nematicity-a clear indication of electron correlation-and vector magnetization is capable of altering this state, thus controlling the many-body electronic symmetry. These spin-driven giant electronic responses go well beyond Zeeman physics and point to the realization of an underlying correlated magnetic topological phase. The tunability of this kagome magnet reveals a strong interplay between an externally applied field, electronic excitations and nematicity, providing new ways of controlling spin-orbit properties and exploring emergent phenomena in topological or quantum materials., Comment: Nature, online (2018)

Poplar-cotton agro-ecosystems are the main agricultural planting modes of cotton fields in China. With increasing acres devoted to transgenic insect-resistant poplar and transgenic insect-resistant cotton, studies examining the effects of transgenic plants on target and non-target insects become increasingly important. We systematically surveyed populations of both target pests and non-target insects for 4 different combinations of poplar-cotton eco-systems over 3 years. Transgenic Bt cotton strongly resisted the target insects Fall webworm moth [Hyphantria cunea (Drury)], Sylepta derogata Fabrieius, and American bollworm (Heliothis armigera), but no clear impact on non-target insect cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii). Importantly, intercrops containing transgenic Pb29 poplar significantly increased the inhibitory effects of Bt cotton on Fall webworm moth in ecosystem IV. Highly resistant Pb29 poplar reduced populations of the target pests Grnsonoma minutara Hubner and non-target insect poplar leaf aphid (Chaitophorus po-pulialbae), while Fall webworm moth populations were unaffected. We determined the effects of Bt toxin from transgenic poplar and cotton on target and non-target pests in different ecosystems of cotton-poplar intercrops and identified the synergistic effects of such combinations toward both target and non-target insects.

Poplar-cotton agro-ecosystems are the main agricultural planting modes of plain cotton fields in China. Here, we performed a systematic survey of the diversity and population of arthropod communities in four different combination of poplar-cotton eco-systems, including I) non-transgenic poplar and non-transgenic cotton fields; II) non-transgenic poplar and transgenic cotton fields [Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton]; III) Bt transgenic poplar (high insect resistant strain Pb29) and non-transgenic cotton; and IV) transgenic poplar and transgenic cotton fields, over a period of 3 years. Based on the statistical methods used to investigate community ecology, the effects of transgenic ecosystems on the whole structure of the arthropod community, on the structure of arthropods in the nutritive layer, and on the similarity of arthropod communities were evaluated. The main results were as follows: the transgenic poplar-cotton ecosystem has a stronger inhibitory effect on insect pests and has no impact on the structure of the arthropod community, and therefore, maintains the diversity of the arthropod community. The character index of the community indicated that the structure of the arthropod community of the transgenic poplar-cotton ecosystem was better than that of the poplar-cotton ecosystem, and that system IV had the best structure. As for the abundance of nutritional classes, the transgenic poplar-cotton ecosystem was also better than that of the non-transgenic poplar-cotton ecosystem. The cluster analysis and similarity of arthropod communities between the four different transgenic poplar-cotton ecosystems illustrated that the structure of the arthropod community excelled in the small sample of the transgenic poplar-cotton ecosystems.

Hybrid Fe

Odorant receptors (ORs) expressed in the antennae of parasitoid wasps are responsible for detection of various lipophilic airborne molecules. In the present study, 107 novel OR genes were identified from Microplitis mediator antennal transcriptome data. Phylogenetic analysis of the set of OR genes from M. mediator and Microplitis demolitor revealed that M. mediator OR (MmedOR) genes can be classified into different subfamilies, and the majority of MmedORs in each subfamily shared high sequence identities and clear orthologous relationships to M. demolitor ORs. Within a subfamily, six MmedOR genes, MmedOR98, 124, 125, 126, 131 and 155, shared a similar gene structure and were tightly linked in the genome. To evaluate whether the clustered MmedOR genes share common regulatory features, the transcription profile and expression characteristics of the six closely related OR genes were investigated in M. mediator. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR experiments revealed that the OR genes within the cluster were transcribed as single mRNAs, and a bicistronic mRNA for two adjacent genes (MmedOR124 and MmedOR98) was also detected in female antennae by reverse transcription PCR. In situ hybridization experiments indicated that each OR gene within the cluster was expressed in a different number of cells. Moreover, there was no co-expression of the two highly related OR genes, MmedOR124 and MmedOR98, which appeared to be individually expressed in a distinct population of neurons. Overall, there were distinct expression profiles of closely related MmedOR genes from the same cluster in M. mediator. These data provide a basic understanding of the olfactory coding in parasitoid wasps.

目的 探讨p16基因缺失在成人Ph染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病（Ph+ ALL）中的临床意义。 方法 回顾性分析80例Ph+ALL伴p16基因缺失患者的临床特征、免疫表型、细胞遗传学、分子生物学改变及其预后。 结果 31.3% Ph+ALL患者合并p16基因缺失；p16基因缺失组与非缺失组相比，初诊时高白细胞计数（WBC≥30×109/L）更常见，高表达CD20，更易出现附加染色体异常，其中以累及7、8、19号染色体以及der（22）较为常见；两组诱导缓解率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.033），p16基因缺失组患者治疗3个疗程后获BCR-ABL融合基因主要分子学反应（MMR）率和完全分子学反应（CMR）率均明显低于非缺失组（P值分别为0.034和0.036），且复发率明显高于非缺失组（P=0.033）；p16基因缺失组使用伊马替尼联合化疗者和使用达沙替尼联合化疗者的MMR、CMR率及复发率差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）；p16基因缺失组患者3年总体生存（OS）率及无病生存（DFS）率分别为37.1%和12.4%，显著低于非缺失组的54.1%和45.9%（P值分别为0.037和0.026）；25例p16基因缺失患者中14例行异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT），其中位OS时间为21个月，明显长于非移植组患者的12个月（P=0.030）。 结论 成人Ph+ALL伴p16基因缺失患者预后相对较差，二代酪氨酸激酶抑制剂不能明显改善其疗效，但allo-HSCT能够改善部分患者的生存，明确p16基因缺失状态对于评估预后和指导临床治疗有重要意义。

The punching strength and failure mode of concrete deck slabs reinforced with glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars, including arching action contribution to punching failure, is studied experimentally and theoretically in this paper. The experimental study included static tests on one-third scale deck specimens. Failure mode, loading–carrying capacity and structural behaviour observed in this test are discussed and used to investigate the contribution of arching action to punching behaviour. The test results revealed that increasing the lateral restraint stiffness resulted in higher punching strengths and lower GFRP reinforcement strain. This is due to the enhancement of aching action. In addition, the failure mode of deck slabs was varied from flexural punching failure to shear punching failure by the higher contribution of arching action. The test results and results from the literature were used to assess the accuracy of the existing punching-strength prediction models. The predicted strengths from a theoretical procedure based on arching theory developed by the writers showed better correlation with experimental results compared to those from other analytical models. Thereafter, a series of parametric studies in this method were conducted to investigate the influence of arching action on the failure mode of GFRP-reinforced concrete deck slabs. Some design recommendations for punching-strength design in GFRP-reinforced concrete bridge deck slabs were proposed to avoid the rupture of FRP bars.

Being an important clinical fungal pathogen

To investigate the morbidity, treatment outcomes and prognosis of 35 therapy-related hematological neoplasms patients.A total of 35 cases of therapy-related hematological neoplasms were examined genetically and immunologically using flow cytometry, karyotype analysis and FISH, and their clinical data were retrospective analyzed and literatures were reviewed.Among 35 patients, there were 20 cases of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), 4 cases of therapy-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia (t-ALL), 1 case of acute mixed leukemia, therapy-related non-hodgkin' s lymphoma (t-NHL) in 8 cases and myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) in 2 cases. The median onset of t-HN was 29(16-90) months, the median OS of t-HN was 14(1-60) months, and 3 years of OS was 17.1%. Among therapy-related acute leukemia (t-AL) patients, 40% (10/25) patients had combined complex karyotype, 36% (9/25) patients with MLL gene rearrangement, 12% (3/25) patients with combined AML/ETO fusion gene, 1 case with NPM1 point mutation and 1 case with P16 gene deletion.Therapy-related hematological neoplasms had a worse prognosis.

In quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) systems, because of the finite interchain coupling and fluctuation, the charge density wave (CDW) transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{CDW}}$ is much lower than the mean-field-theory predicted ${T}_{\mathrm{MF}}$ and the CDW fluctuation region exists between ${T}_{\mathrm{CDW}}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{MF}}$. Usually, CDW fluctuation has little effect on the electronic transport properties. Moreover, the CDW state is usually insensitive to magnetic field. The work done here on a PdTeI single crystal with quasi-1D PdTe chains shows that the above statements need to be revisited. It is found that the CDW fluctuation leads to a gradual decrease of carrier concentration before the static long-range CDW order occurs at ${T}_{1}$~110 K. On the other hand, the pinning and sliding of CDW state are observed below ${T}_{2}$~6 K. When such a low ${T}_{2}$ is combined with the existence of multiple quasi-1D bands, PdTeI exhibits exotic crossover behavior from negative to huge positive magnetoresistance under magnetic field and field-induced localization. It indicates that the CDW fluctuation could have a remarkable influence on transport properties of CDW materials. Moreover, there is an interaction between the CDW state and magnetic field.

Multi-hop wireless networks (MHWN) have emerged to be a promising cost effective paradigm for the next-generation wireless technology. However, the unique characteristics of nowadays MHWN, such as distributed and dynamic network architecture, broadcast nature of wireless medium and stringent resource constraints of wireless devices, makes it extremely attractive and vulnerable to malicious attacks. So how to ensure continuous network service becomes a critical problem especially in jammed situations. Although some research has been conducted on countering jamming attacks, few works consider jamming dynamics. In this paper, interference avoidance mechanisms are well concerned and a proactive multi-path routing mechanism based on measuring jamming dynamic is presented. In our proposed solutions, the novel mechanism defines a new metric for routing known as the degree of interference activity (IA) to represent the jamming dynamic on a node. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Performance results show that our solution outperforms existing ad hoc routing protocols in terms of packet delivery and average end-to-end delay in the presence of jammers.

T-cell-mediated immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic option for multiple myeloma (MM). Gamma-delta T cells (gammadelta T cells) recognize phosphoantigens and display strong anti-tumour cytotoxicity. The synthetic agonist Phosphostim (bromohydrin pyrophosphate, BrHPP) has been shown to selectively activate Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. This study aimed to evaluate the expansion capacity and anti-myeloma cell cytotoxicity of circulating gammadelta T cells from MM patients at different time points throughout the disease, using Phosphostim and interleukin 2 (IL-2). Circulating gammadelta T cell counts in patients with newly diagnosed MM or in relapse did not differ from those in healthy donors. A 14-d culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Phosphostim and IL-2 triggered a 100-fold expansion of gammadelta T cells in 78% of newly diagnosed patients. Gammadelta T cells harvested at the time of haematopoietic progenitor collection or in relapsing patients expanded less efficiently. Expanded gammadelta T cells killed 13/14 myeloma cell lines as well as primary myeloma cells, but not normal CD34 cells. Their killing efficiency was not affected by 2-d IL-2 starvation. This study demonstrated the ability of Phosphostim and IL-2 to expand gammadelta T cells from MM patients, and the efficient and stable killing of human myeloma cells by gd T cells.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the response of the slope seeking with extended Kalman filter (EKF) deployed in a closed-loop system for airfoil aerodynamics control. A novel dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator was used to manipulate the flow around the NACA 0015 airfoil. Experiments were performed under different freestream velocities U ∞, covering the chord Reynolds number Re from 4.4 × 104 to 7.7 × 104. Firstly, the advantages of applying this DBD plasma actuator (hereafter called sawtooth plasma actuator) on the airfoil were examined in an open-loop system at Re = 7.7 × 104. The sawtooth plasma actuator led to a delay in the stall angle α stall by 5° and an increase in the maximum lift coefficient $$C_{{{\text{L}}_{ \text{max} } }}$$ by about 9 %. On the other hand, at the same input power, the traditional DBD plasma actuator managed a delay in α stall by only 3° and an increase in $$C_{{{\text{L}}_{ \text{max} } }}$$ by about 3 %. Secondly, the convergence time t c of the lift force F L at Re from 4.4 × 104 to 7.7 × 104 was investigated for two closed-loop systems. It has been demonstrated that the t c was about 70 % less under the slope seeking with EKF than that under the conventional slope seeking with high-pass (HP) and low-pass (LP) filters at Re = 7.7 × 104. The reduction in t c was also observed at a different Re. Finally, the slope seeking with EKF showed excellent robustness over a moderate Re range; that is, the voltage amplitude determined by the control algorithm promptly responded to a change in Re, much faster than that of the conventional slope seeking with HP and LP filters.

To explore the identification method of full sibling between two males with microdeletion and mutation of Y chromosome.DNA were extracted from two samples. The type testing of Y-STR and autosomal STR were performed. Full sibling between two individuals was calculated by IBS, ITO and discriminant functions methods.There were 2 loci mutations existed in 33 Y-STR loci and one of the two samples had 19 loci deletions. The IBS of two samples was 53 and greater than the threshold which was 42; FSI was 1.36×10¹⁶ and far greater than 19. The discriminant function of full sibling-unrelated individualThe methods of IBS, ITO and discriminant functions of full sibling-unrelated individual can be used comprehensively to provide more reliable expert opinion in microdeletion and mutation of Y chromosome in full sibling identification.

Petrochemical wastewater often contains high concentrations of phenol and sulfate that must be properly treated to meet discharge standards. This study acclimated anaerobic-activated sludge to treat saline phenolic wastewater with sulfate reduction and clarified the diversity and degradation mechanism of the microbial community. The active sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor could remove 90 % of phenol and maintain the effluent concentration of SO4 (2-) below 400 mg/L. Cloning and sequencing showed that Clostridium spp. and Desulfotomaculum spp. were major phenol-degrading bacteria. Phenol was probably degraded through the carboxylation pathway and sulfate reduction catalyzed by adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase and dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DSR). A real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that as phenol concentration increased, the quantities of 16S rRNA gene, dsrB, and mcrA in the sludge all decreased. The relative abundance of dsrB dropped to 12.46 %, while that of mcrA increased to 56.18 %. The change in the electron flow ratio suggested that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed mainly by sulfate-reducing bacteria under a phenol concentration of 420 mg/L, whereas it was removed mainly by methanogens above 630 mg/L.

Distinguishing the nontrivial symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phase from the trivial insulator phase in the presence of electron-electron interaction is an urgent question to the study of topological insulators, due to the fact that most of the topological indices defined for free electron systems are very likely unsuitable for interacting cases. In this work, we demonstrate that the strange correlator is a sensitive diagnosis to detect SPT states in interacting systems. Employing large-scale quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations, we investigate the interaction-driven quantum phase transition in the Kane-Mele-Hubbard model. The transition from the quantum spin Hall insulator at weak interaction to an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator at strong interaction can be readily detected by the momentum space behavior of the strange correlator in single-particle, spin, and pairing sectors. The interaction effects on the symmetry-protected edge states in various sectors, i.e., the helical Luttinger liquid behavior, are well captured in the QMC measurements of strange correlators. Moreover, we demonstrate that the strange correlator is technically easier to implement in QMC and more robust in performance than other proposed numerical diagnoses for interacting topological states, as only static correlations are needed. The attempt in this work paves the way for using the strange correlator to study interaction-driven topological phase transitions in fermionic as well as bosonic systems., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 appendix

Diffusion of silicon addimer along the trough and from the trough to the top of dimer row on the Si(100) surface are investigated by tight-binding molecular dynamics calculations using the environment-dependent tight-binding silicon potential and by ab initio calculations using the Car–Parrinello method. The studies discover new diffusion pathways consisting of rotation of addimer. These new pathways have energy barriers in excellent agreement with experiment data and are more energetically favorable than other diffusion pathways studied previously.

The diffusion pathways between the trough and the dimer row on the Si(100) surface are investigated by tight-binding molecular dynamics calculations using the environment-dependent tight-binding silicon potential and by {ital ab initio} calculations using the Car-Parrinello method. The studies discover a new diffusion pathway consisting of the rotation of the ad-dimer. The calculated energy barrier is in excellent agreement with experiment and is much more energetically favorable than other diffusion pathways by parallel and perpendicular ad-dimers. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}

The 1939 landslide on the west wall of the Montagneuse River valley, 1300 m long, 1400 m wide, and 80 m thick with av olume of 76 ×10 6 m 3 , is the largest historic rapid landslide on the Interior Plains of Canada. It lasted about a minute, dammed the river, and formed a reservoir 1.5 km long. The reservoir was filled before 1952 by lake deposits, which were eroded by the river by 1988. The landslide contained two major blocks. The downslope block, 950 m long, kept intact without obvious tilting, indicating that the block moved almost horizontally on a comparatively deep rupture surface. The displaced material included part of the preslide river channel so the Montagneuse River was pushed eastward. The toe of the block moved up and dammed the river. The upslope block, with a length of 300-350 m, slid with little rotation but broke up into at least five smaller blocks. Most trees on the upslope block postdate the slide. Two sag ponds on the landslide, visible in 1952, had enlarged by 1988, probably a result of water running off from the recently cleared farmland behind the scarp. The main scarp has been substantially modified by earth flows and slides. Landslides in the Montagneuse River valley coincide with the Shaftesbury buried preglacial channel of the Peace River. The surfaces of rupture of five historic landslides in the Peace River Lowland follow clays deposited in preglacial channels, confirming that these deposits may be hazardous when eroded.

The 1963 landslide on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, began at the head of Dusty Creek, a small tributary of Turbid Creek, a major creek draining Mount Cayley, and terminated at the present confluence of Dusty and Turbid creeks. About 5 × 106 m3 of partially saturated, columnar-jointed dacite and weak pyroclastic rocks moved 2.4 km downstream. The depletion zone contained three separate blocks. The landslide deposits have distinct layers that can be traced back to similar bedrock units in the undisturbed material, which are three times thicker. The accumulation zone is divided by two gullys into three blocks, which preserve, much thinned, different but overlapping portions of the volcanic stratigraphy. The 1984 rock slide on Avalache Creek, 0.8 km away, involved tuff breccia, tuff lapilli, and tuff, all easily broken. Its main track ran over thick snow and ice on the bottom of the creek. Differences in water content and displaced material led to different flow modes: the 1963 fragments formed laminar flows, which supported comparatively undeformed central plugs; the turbulent 1984 flow's deposits have no distinct layers. The two modes, laminar flow and turbulent flow, also formed different types of landslide dams. Key words: landslide, debris flow, volcano, British Columbia, tuff, lava.

This qualitative study explores decision-making regarding sterilisation for women with intellectual disabilities (ID) living with their families, including how such decisions are made and who is involved in the decision-making.Eleven families including sterilised women with ID participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with family members and four of the women with ID; the interviews took place at the family homes during March 2009. The interview schedule sought information regarding decision-making on sterilisation including the reasons for the sterilisation, the identities of those involved in the decision-making, attitudes towards the sexuality of women with ID and the role of women with ID in decision-making about their own sterilisation. Additionally, women with ID were asked about their experiences of sterilisation.The data showed that most of the women who underwent tubal ligation were married and had mild ID; the decision to perform tubal ligation was mostly made by the husband or parents-in-law, and was made after the women had given birth. The reasons given by the families of these women for deciding on sterilisation included: the woman was unable to care for the children, the family could not afford to raise many children, the concern that the ID might be hereditary, or a perceived risk of pregnancy from rape. The two women who underwent hysterectomy were unmarried and had more severe ID than the married women with ID who received tubal ligation. In these two cases, the decisions were primarily made by the mothers of the women based on concerns about managing their menstruation. Almost none of the women with ID were involved in the decision-making process, and some were not even informed of the nature of the surgery. Health professionals and service workers contacted by the families were also influential in the decision-making. The autonomy of the women to engage in decision-making regarding sterilisation thus was constrained by their families and professionals, without considering either sterilisation or hysterectomy a violation of the essential human rights of the women involved.The results suggest that with respect to sexuality and body images among women with ID, concern should exist among society in general and among professionals in particular, regarding human rights; furthermore, more information and better educational programmes must be provided to relevant professionals, as well as to women with ID and their families.

A major rockslide and debris flow occurred on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, in June 1984. Approximately 3.2 million cubic metres of volcanics travelled 2.0 km down Avalanche Creek at velocities up to 35 m/s to dam the confluence of Avalanche and Turbid creeks. The breaking of the landslide dam caused an extremely fast debris flow. The velocity of the debris flow and associated wind gusts, up to 34 m/s, caused superelevations, hurled rocks and wood through the air, uprooted trees, and spattered mud 16 m up trees. The debris flow removed the logging road bridge and road approaches at the mouth of Turbid Creek, blocked the Squamish River during surges, and introduced huge quantities of sediment to the Squamish River. The uniaxial compressive strength of wet tuff collected from the head scarp of the rock slide is 1.0–1.5 MPa, about two thirds of the strength of dry specimens, the friction angle on wet tuff bedding surfaces is 30°, and the slake durability index is 26%. Weak tuffs form the rupture surface of the 1984 rockslide on Mount Cayley, and their slaking contributed fines to the debris flow. The tuff, steep, narrow creeks intersecting at high angles, high precipitation, and snow and ice accumulation in creeks combine to make the western slopes of Mount Cayley extremely hazardous. Key words : rockslide, debris flow, volcano, landslide dam, Coast Mountains.

Polycrystalline samples with nominal composition of Ba(Fe1-xIrx)2As2 (x=0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrical resistivity, and magnetization measurements. XRD and SEM results showed that almost single phase samples were obtained. Bulk superconductivity with TC~28 K was observed in the x=0.10 sample. TC~28 K is the highest superconducting critical temperature among the reported data for electron-doped AFe2As2-type (A=Ca, Sr, and Ba) superconductors. The upper critical field Hc2(0) reaches as high as 65 T for the x=0.10 sample. The underlying physics is discussed in connection with Co-doping case., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters

The protective mechanism of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) after brain injury is associated with the attenuation of neuro-inflammation. We hypothesize that rhEPO treatment after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) modulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, maintains BBB integrity, and reduces BBB breakdown-associated inflammation. Adult male 129S2/sv mice were subjected to autologous whole blood-induced ICH. rhEPO or saline was administered intraperitoneally immediately after surgery and for 3 more days until day of sacrifice. BBB permeability was measured by Evans blue leakage, and edema was assessed by brain water content. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to detect expression of tight junction marker occludin, type IV collagen, MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), and glial fibrillary acidic protein, rhEPO prevented Evans blue leakage, reduced brain edema, and preserved expression of occludin and collagen IV. rhEPO treatment decreased MMP-2 expression, increased TIMP-2 expression, and reduced the number of reactive astrocytes in the brain compared to saline control. We conclude that rhEPO reduces MMP activity, BBB disruption, and the glial cell inflammatory reaction 3 days after ICH. Our study provides additional evidence for the mechanism of rhEPO's neurovascular protective effects and a potential clinical application in the treatment of ICH.

The magnetic properties in the parent compounds are often intimately related to the microscopic mechanism of superconductivity. Here we report the first direct measurements on the electronic structure of a parent compound of the newly discovered iron-based superconductor, BaFe2As2, which provides a foundation for further studies. We show that the energy of the spin density wave in BaFe2As2 is mainly lowered through exotic exchange splitting of the band structure.

The protective mechanism of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) after brain injury is associated with the attenuation of neuro-inflammation. We hypothesize that rhEPO treatment after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) modulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, maintains BBB integrity, and reduces BBB breakdown-associated inflammation. Adult male 129S2/sv mice were subjected to autologous whole blood-induced ICH. rhEPO or saline was administered intraperitoneally immediately after surgery and for 3 more days until day of sacrifice. BBB permeability was measured by Evans blue leakage, and edema was assessed by brain water content. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to detect expression of tight junction marker occludin, type IV collagen, MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), and glial fibrillary acidic protein, rhEPO prevented Evans blue leakage, reduced brain edema, and preserved expression of occludin and collagen IV. rhEPO treatment decreased MMP-2 expression, increased TIMP-2 expression, and reduced the number of reactive astrocytes in the brain compared to saline control. We conclude that rhEPO reduces MMP activity, BBB disruption, and the glial cell inflammatory reaction 3 days after ICH. Our study provides additional evidence for the mechanism of rhEPO's neurovascular protective effects and a potential clinical application in the treatment of ICH.

This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and safety of telmisartan with those of losartan after 8 weeks' treatment. In total, 330 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP]180 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 95-109 mmHg) were randomly assigned to receive once-daily treatment with telmisartan 40 mg (n = 164) or losartan 50 mg (n = 166). After 4 weeks' treatment, if a patient's DBP wasor = 90 mmHg, the dose was increased to telmisartan 80 mg or losartan 100 mg, respectively. The results show that mean trough seated blood pressure was reduced significantly more in the telmisartan group than that in the losartan group (SBP 12.5 mmHg vs. 9.4 mmHg, p = 0.037; DBP 10.9 mmHg vs. 9.3 mmHg, p = 0.030). The overall DBP response rate (reduction from baseline in mean seated DBPor = 10 mmHg and/or a mean seated DBP90 mmHg) at the end of the study in the telmisartan group was higher than that in losartan group (70.1% vs. 58.7%, p = 0.020). At both the low and high doses, the DBP response rates for telmisartan were significantly higher than those for losartan (telmisartan 40 mg vs. losartan 50 mg: 46.3% vs. 32.5%, p = 0.010; telmisartan 80 mg vs. losartan 100 mg: 79.3% vs. 65.3%, p = 0.008). Adverse events with the two treatments were comparable (telmisartan vs. losartan 23.2% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.952). Most events were mild in intensity and abated within 72 h. Thus, telmisartan 40 mg or 80 mg administered once daily can reduce SBP and DBP effectively and safely.

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between oral mucosal patches-stria diseases and epithelial dysplasia.Three hundred and six cases were studied, including one hundred and forty cases of leukoplakia, one hundred and twenty cases of lichen planus,forty four cases of discoid lupus erythematosus and two cases of erythroplakia. The incidence of epithelial dysplasia in each kind of mucosal patches stria diseases were analyzed and compared. The developing tendency of 30 cases which underwent biopsy more than two times were analyzed and observed.In the common mucosal patches-stria diseases,the incidence of epithelial dysplasia in leukoplakia was 56.43%,lichen planus was 20.83%, discoid lupus erythematosus was 13.64%, erythroplakia was 100%. The incidence of epithelial dysplasia were detected significantly more often in leukoplakia and erythroplakia than in lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus (P0.05).Leukoplakia and erythroplakia belong to premalignant lesion,whether lichen planus belongs to premalignant lesion or not is controversial.

The swelling of a model polyelectrolyte gel is studied via three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations, taking into account the counterions and the solvent explicitly. Each network bead carries a charge q(*). The counterion charge is -q(*), and thus the total system is neutral. The solvent is modeled via a Stockmayer fluid, i.e., each solvent particle is a point dipole plus a Lennard-Jones interaction center. A "two-box--particle transfer" simulation method is applied to calculate the swelling ratio of the network as well as the counterion mobility. The swelling of the network shows a broad maximum as a function of q(*) at T(*)(r)=T(*)/T(*)(c)=1.05 and P(*)(r)=P(*)/P(*)(c)=1.0. Here, T(*)(c) and P(*)(c) are the critical temperature and the critical pressure of the pure Stockmayer solvent, respectively, with dipole moments given by mu(*2)=1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0. The residence time of the counterions is calculated, showing a strong coupling to the charged network beads (condensation) as q(*) increases. Additional simulations at three different charge strengths (i.e., q(*)=0.5, 3.5, and 8.6) illustrate the complicated swelling behavior of the network under supercritical and subcritical conditions.

To screen and characterize immunodominant antigen epitopes on the soluble antigens of Trichinella spiralis (T.s.).15 monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against T.s. muscle larva(ML) soluble antigens were obtained by using hybridoma technique. The reactivity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were tested by ELISA, Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA).The Western blotting result showed that of the 15 McAbs, 6 could bind to the T.s. ML antigens displaying molecular weights of 40-70 kDa. Polyclonal sera could react with more than 10 bands having molecular weights of 20-200 kDa. Among the 6 McAbs, 4 could recognize epitopes on the cuticle surface and the other two could recognize epitopes on both the cuticle surface and the stichosome.The antigen epitopes of T.s. recognized by 6 McAbs had been characterized.

The swelling of model polymer networks with different cross-link densities is studied via molecular dynamics simulation. During the simulation, the solvent particles, consisting of one interaction center or six interaction centers, respectively, are transferred between two coupled simulation boxes. The gel box includes both network and solvent particles, whereas the solvent box contains solvent only. The particle transfer is controlled by the solvent chemical potential difference in the two boxes, which is calculated via the Widom test particle method for the one-site solvent and via Rosenbluth sampling for the chainlike solvent. The equilibrium swelling ratio of the network as well as the solvent diffusion coefficient under subcritical and supercritical conditions are computed as functions of the network cross-link density for a wide range of temperatures and pressures. In addition, the simulated swelling behavior is compared to a Flory-Huggins-type theory, which yields qualitative agreement for the systems studied here.