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The term “STEM education” has been clarified. It is well-founded that STEM education is a learning process that is based on interdisciplinary and practical orientation and provides the formation of skills to acquire theoretical knowledge, and master scientific methods for their use in solving specific practical tasks (not only in professional activities). A quantitative analysis of the results of the implementation of STEM education, presented in scientific publications, was carried out. A small percentage of publications dedicated to STEM education have been found. It has been established that in countries with developed economies, there are significantly more published scientific results regarding the implementation of STEM education. Practical cases of the implementation of STEM education in Ukraine and the world are highlighted. Among these are the organization of STEM education through solving problem situations in field conditions; basing classes on solving practical tasks in a certain professional field; examples of organizing and conducting lessons in high school on an interdisciplinary basis; cases for four scenario exercises; cases for solving practice-oriented tasks at home; and cases of inclusive education using STEM projects. A content analysis of modern practices of implementing STEM education on the basis of open educational resources such as Coursera, edX, Udemy, Prometheus, and EdEra was conducted. The analysis of open educational resources shows that there are too few courses that would focus on STEM education and on training teachers to implement STEM-oriented education. The basis for the research was scientific publications in publications indexed by the scientometric databases Scopus and Web of Science over the past 10 years, and dissertation research conducted in Ukraine.

The authors present a detailed explanation for selective reabsorption by the CO2 ν3-band when passing its optical emission through an atmospheric-pressure air column (60 cm long, 410 ppm CO2) connecting a microwave-discharge cell and the entrance window of a high-resolution Fourier Transform spectrometer. The CO2 band shapes are explained with a two-temperature model of emission and foreground absorption. Selective CO2 atmospheric reabsorption is a common effect in optical emission measurements. It primarily affects the fundamental infrared bands, which comprise the main part of the missing laboratory emission and must be taken into account in (exo)planetary atmospheric models.

The object of research is the shape of the blade of a vertical-axis installation. The problem solved in this work is to find the optimal shape of the blade for a wind power installation for operation at low wind speeds or in areas where its flow is limited. In the course of the work, the interaction between each blade option and the wind flow depending on the shape of the blade was considered. With the help of a reduced model of the wind turbine, a flat blade, a blade with a «pocket», and a blade with a «pocket» and a slit were tested. The test results prove the effectiveness of the designed and manufactured blade with a «pocket» and a slit. This was confirmed by the study results, according to which, during the experiment, the number of revolutions of a wind turbine with blades made with a «pocket» and a slit was the largest. In comparison with flat-shaped blades, the increase was 20%, and, in comparison with blades with a «pocket», the increase was 10%. In order to compare wind turbines that have flat-shaped blades and blades with a «pocket» and a slit, experimental studies and calculations of the power factorСрwere carried out. A flat-blade wind wheel hasСр1=24; a blade with a «pocket» –Ср2=52.9; a blade that has a «pocket» and a slit –Cp3=58.7. Therefore, one can assume that the power generated by the wind wheel with the above blades is also the largest,Р3=98 W, compared to two other shapes of blades: flat,P1=32.3 W; with a «pocket»,Р2=88.2 W. It would increase during the test time from zero speed to reaching a constant rotational speed. The studies confirm that the wind wheel, which has blades with a «pocket» and a slit, has the highest speed of rotation over the entire period of time when measurements were performed

The article studies the current state of the teacher induction process in Slovakia, namely the prerequisites for entering the teaching profession. The focus of the current research is the following: the attractiveness of the teaching profession and its influence on the decision-making of future students of pedagogical major, teacher job satisfaction level, the proportion of education requirements for subject knowledge and teaching practice, availability of the profession, the assistance in the search for open positions and vacancies, probation period as a filter to the teaching occupation. The research aims to determine the problematic aspects of the transition period from student to teacher that need to be addressed to prevent early maladjustment and drop-out in the teaching profession. Methodology. The research was carried out by applying theoretical and empirical methods. The data were obtained from novice school teachers having conducted an online survey using Google Forms with open and closed questions. The study’s preliminary results revealed the social image of the teaching profession and components of its attractiveness for future students, problems with the ratio of academic and practical parts in teacher education, possible ways to enter the profession, and the obstacles of the process. The conducted research allowed us to come to the following conclusions. As a result of the low social image of a teacher, Slovakia is facing a shortage in the profession. The substantial misbalance in initial teacher education in favor of academic knowledge and the absence of specific official requirements for practical experience has subsequences in the quality of school education and early teacher maladjustment. Implementing an open system in the teaching profession is a temporary solution that causes many concerns, especially with the introduction of short-term teachers with low standard requirements in teaching abilities. Lack of career help for new graduates-teachers throughout their job hunt may cause them to leave the education field. In this situation, adequate support of novice teachers becomes necessary, and the teacher induction program is a subject for future research.

The results of the study of mechanical properties and brittle fracture resistance (BFR) are presented for weld metal of WWER RPV performed by automatic arc welding with use welding wire Sv-15CrNiMoTiA and ceramic flux 48AF-71. Mechanical properties are determined on the basis of test results of tensile smooth round bar. BFR are determined from impact strength tests and fracture toughness tests. The anisotropy of mechanical properties and BFR is investigated by testing the specimens with different orientations. Tests are conducted for specimens of two orientations: first orientation corresponds to the position of the specimen, in which the fracture surface is perpendicular to the axis of the weld; second orientation corresponds fracture surface parallel to the axis of t he weld. It i s shown that the weld metal performed according to above mentioned technology has no anisotropy both in mechanical properties and in BFR. An explanation of the significant scatter of BFR on the basis of the results of metallographic studies is proposed. The obtained experimental results on mechanical properties for investigated weld metal allow to use tensile smooth round bar with 3 mm diameter with transverse orientation instead of specimens with 6 mm diameter with longitudinal orientation as the scale factor and anisotropy are negligible. The correlation dependence between the values of reference temperature T0 determined by the Master Curve method and reference temperature T100 determined by the Advanced Unified Curve method and the value of critical brittleness temperature TK0 for the studied weld metal in the initial state is established.

The prospects of increasing the efficiency of fermentation process of organic substrates to ensure the maximum yield of biogas and increase the economic efficiency of processing of organic sewage sludge are considered. Biogas, as an analogue of natural gas, is used in production of thermal and electrical energy, as transport motor fuel, as a raw material for chemical industry. An analysis of trends in intensification of methane fermentation processes was carried out. A promising way to increase productivity of methane generation process during processing of organic matter is to increase the energy saturation of an organic substrate and its preliminary treatment. One of the approaches aimed at intensifying methane generation is use of organic waste as an auxiliary substrate for fermentation of sewage sludge – a process known as co-fermentation. The sediments of primary and secondary settling tanks of the biological wastewater treatment complex were studied. According to results of tests, it was noted that ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the studied excess activated sludge is 4–5, in the mixture of primary and secondary sediment – 5–6, in sediment from sludge sites – 6–10, which is significantly less than desired ratio of 20:1, which limits the negative impact of increased nitrogen content in the organic substrate for methane fermentation. According to obtained data, it can be predicted that nitrogen-containing compounds present in sewage sludge will contribute to a microbiological process of formation of nitrogen-containing reduced products, which reduce output of methane during methanogenesis. The expediency of enriching the inoculated biocenosis with hydrolytic enzyme preparations or microorganisms with high hydrolytic activity is shown, given the fact that activated sludge has a lower hydrolytic activity than enzyme preparations isolated from the same sludge, as well as than some bacteria, and even more so microscopic fungi. This was caused by presence of inert organic and inorganic mass, dead microorganisms and those with low hydrolytic activity in the sludge biomass. It is also possible to increase speed of the first phase of sediment fermentation due to alkaline pretreatment of the substrate mixture.

Particle identification is an important feature of the future SPD experiment at the NICA collider. In particular, identification of particles with momenta up to a few GeV/c by their time-of-flight will facilitate reconstruction of events of interest. High time-resolution of modern TOF detectors dictates the need to obtain the event collision time t0 with comparable accuracy. While determination of the collision time is feasible through the use of TOF signals supplemented by track reconstruction, it proves to be computationally expensive. In this work we have developed a dedicated Genetic Algorithm as a fast and accurate method to determine the pp-collision time by the measurements of the TOF detector at the SPD experiment. By using this reliable method for t0 determination we compare different approaches for the particle identification procedure based on TOF-signals., Contribution to The 6th international conference on particle physics and astrophysics (ICPPA-2022). Results, Discussions and References are extended

The article reflects the actual problem of physical fitness of high school students. Scientists propose to optimize the system of physical training of children and youth by introducing sports-oriented forms of organizing classes, namely, a school sports section in boxing. The aim of the research is to investigate the influence of boxing on the physical fitness of senior school boys. Research methods: analysis of scientific methodical and special literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiments, testing the level of physical fitness of schoolchildren; methods of mathematical data processing. Scientific novelty lies in the introduction of boxing into the program of the school sports section in order to improve the physical fitness of high school students. The specificity of boxing required versatile physical readiness of boxers and a particularly high level of development of special physical qualities, which, first of all, include speed and strength abilities, general and speed endurance, speed-strength capabilities. The experimental methodology is based on the following provisions: the educational-training process had a developmental and health-improving orientation; both aerobic and anaerobic exercises of moderate and high intensity were used as means of physical education; the means and methods of physical education were adequate to the morpho-functional characteristics of senior pupils and contributed to the improvement of the physical fitness of boxers. A quantitative analysis of the results of pedagogical testing of physical readiness among high school students showed that the results of power abilities of the experimental group boxers, speed-power abilities, endurance and speed abilities received the greatest gain. Conclusions. The study showed that boxing in the school sports section had a positive effect on the studied indicators of physical fitness of high school students.

Summary. Purulent-inflammatory complications of fractures of pelvic bones represent up to currently one of the most difficult and little-studied sections of traumatology. Complexity anatomical structure and topographic relations of the pelvic region, deep location a significant part of the bones under the muscle mass create objective difficulties for surgical treatment of bone damage and later in the diagnosis of purulent processes. Osteomyelitis of the pelvis is accompanied by high mortality and is from 2.5 to 52% as in acute and in the chronic stage of the disease. Purpose: by analyzing clinical mistakes and the possibility of purulent-inflammatory complications during operative treatment and postoperative management of patients with fractures bones of the pelvis, as well as to determine methods of diagnosis, treatment and ways of prevention traumatic sacroiliitis. Materials and methods. In the period from 2017 to 2022 in the bone-purulent surgery department of Zaporizhzhia city clinical hospital №9 treated 9 patients with purulent processes in of the pelvic region, 6 (66.3%) of them were men, and 3 (33.4%) were women. With postoperative osteomyelitis, which occurred after osteosynthesis with plates of multiple pelvic bone fractures, 4 (44.5%) patients were treated. Conservative therapy with sacroiliitis, the cause of which was abortion, received by 2 (22.2%) women, 1 (11.1%) patient suffered from right-sided sacroiliitis since childhood and repeatedly operated, and 2 (22.2%) men were treated with cause of sacroiliitis, which occurred after slaughter of the sacroiliac joint area. Results. All patients who were treated in the bone-purulent surgery department for purulent-inflammatory processes of pelvic bones, recovered and were discharged for outpatient treatment. While treatment in the ward, patients received complex treatment, which included conservative therapy and surgical intervention. Despite the introduction of modern methods of treatment of osteomyelitis of the pelvis, a trend of steady growth in the number is noted exits of patients with disabilities, which is confirmed by world statistics. Conclusions. Lack of hard fixation of bone fragments by implants increases the risk of purulent complications in the postoperative period. Use of additional diagnostic methods and complex treatment, which includes radical purulent sanitation foci, creation of favorable conditions for tissue regeneration, prevention of relapses suppuration, targeted antibacterial therapy, correction of homeostasis indicators and increases the protective forces of the body during purulent processes of the bones and joints of the pelvis achieving positive results in 80.2% of patients.

Introduction of BIM-modeling methodology and geoinformation technologies in the construction industry causes the need of taking into account the specific customer requirements for the accuracy of building 3D-models in engineering-geodetic surveys. The author analyzes the requirements to the exactness of the technological stages of the current regulatory document on aerial photographic survey. The represented concept of approaches to precision standards corresponds to the outdated analogue model. The need for a different method of determining normative tolerances in obtaining modern types of products is noted. The relevance of requirements to the accuracy of building 3D-models without reference to the scale of the topoplan and the height of the relief section is shown. The method of designing the regulatory admissions for the accuracy of technological stages is proposed. They are designed for a particular object before the beginning of fieldwork with controlled variations of error accumulation coefficients and expressed as average errors in centimeters and fractions of a pixel on the ground. The obtained allowances are the substantiating requirements for the chosen technology and accuracy control of the work results in the technical design of aerial photographic survey. Practical calculation of tolerances for constructing a 3D model of the urban development object to meet the customers’ requirements was carried out. Conclusions are given on the prospects of the method in areas that use remote sensing materials with any technology of their processing and a variety of user’s needs.

Hand-to-hand combat based on a set of techniques is a universal mean of the system of professional activity of law enforcement officers and the Armed Forces, and is a separate sport. Techniques of hand-to-hand combat are performed against the opponent with weapons and without. In the conditions of the socio-political situation in Ukraine, the formation of hand-to-hand combat skills among the population requires special attention. The purpose of the study is to analyze the native and foreign experience of scientific research on hand-to-hand combat, with the aim of outlining promising directions for its development among other types of martial arts. Research methods: method of analysis of scientific and methodical literature, systematization, generalization. Research results. The modern scientific field of knowledge on the theoretical foundations of hand-to-hand combat separates several main directions, among which are the system of training employees of security forces to perform their professional duties, the system of training athletes in hand-to- hand combat as a sport, and fragmentary studies on the use of hand-to-hand combat tools in the system of physical education of the children of school age. The current state of theoretical studies of hand-to-hand combat for school-aged children encourages a more detailed study of it.

The article examines the reasons for the emergence of the cultural phenomenon "retrofuturism" in the 1970s-1980s of the last century as an escapist reaction to the failure of futuristic ideas about creating a progressive society based on scientific and technological progress. The analysis of the visual component of the main directions of retrofuturism: subcultures of "cyberpunk", "steampunk", "dieselpunk" in contemporary art is also carried out.

This work is a rationale for the use and effectiveness of the dynamic model of the soft investment process of port construction. For this purpose, this work presents the necessary statistical data and mathematical calculations, which include the use of various methods for analyzing the investment plan, as well as a number of methods for calculating the cost of investment payments, including the use of the matLAB digital mathematical environment to simplify the process of calculating.

We study a stochastic differential equation with an unbounded drift and general Hölder continuous noise of order $\lambda \in (0,1)$ . The corresponding equation turns out to have a unique solution that, depending on a particular shape of the drift, either stays above some continuous function or has continuous upper and lower bounds. Under some mild assumptions on the noise, we prove that the solution has moments of all orders. In addition, we provide its connection to the solution of some Skorokhod reflection problem. As an illustration of our results and motivation for applications, we also suggest two stochastic volatility models which we regard as generalizations of the CIR and CEV processes. We complete the study by providing a numerical scheme for the solution.

Leishmaniasis is a complex human disease caused by intracellular parasites of the genus Leishmania, predominantly transmitted by the bite of sand flies. In Italy, leishmaniasis is caused exclusively by Leishmania infantum, responsible for the human and canine visceral leishmaniases (HVL and CVL, respectively). Within the Emilia-Romagna region, two different foci are active in the municipalities of Pianoro and Valsamoggia (both in the province of Bologna). Recent molecular studies indicated that L. infantum strains circulating in dogs and humans are different, suggesting that there is an animal reservoir other than dogs for human visceral leishmaniasis in the Emilia-Romagna region. In this work, we analyzed specimens from wild animals collected during hunts or surveillance of regional parks near active foci of human visceral leishmaniasis for L. infantum infection in the province of Bologna. Out of 70 individuals analyzed, 17 (24%) were positive for L. infantum. The infection prevalence in hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), badgers (Meles meles), and bank voles (Myodes glareolus) was 80, 33, 25, and 11%, respectively. To distinguish the two strains of L. infantum we have developed a nested PCR protocol optimized for animal tissues. Our results demonstrated that most (over 90%) of L. infantum infections in roe deer were due to the strain circulating in humans in the Emilia-Romagna region.

Purpose. To increase the efficiency of mine ventilation by reducing external leaks through the ventilation shaft construction. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: - to analyse the existing methods for reducing external leaks through the ventilation shaft components; - consider the possibility of using a counteracting fan to unload the main fan from external leaks; - to establish the mutual influence of the main and counteracting fans during their joint operation; - to develop a methodology for determining the operating mode of the auxiliary fan in which external leaks are stopped in full. Methodology. To accomplish the set tasks, the analysis of the existing methods for combating external leaks in the main fan of the mine was carried out; a mathematical model was developed for controlling the ventilation modes of the main and auxiliary fans during their joint operation. Based on the mathematical model, the degree of mutual influence of the fans on each other was studied, a technique was developed for determining their mode, in which the mine jet in full volume enters the main fan, and external leaks are stopped by the auxiliary fan. Findings. A mathematical model for controlling mine ventilation and stopping external leaks in the ventilation shaft elements has been developed using the methods for planning industrial experiments; the degree of mutual influence of the fans on each other has been established; a method has been developed for determining the mode of their joint operation, in which the main fan is not loaded with external leaks. Originality. The degree of mutual influence of the main and auxiliary fans during their joint operation has been determined. The conditions are studied under which the mine jet enters the main fan, while external leaks occur to the auxiliary fan. Practical value. The studies conducted make it possible to separate external leaks from the main stream coming out from the mine, which increases the safety of work and reduces the cost of ventilating the mine.

Cancer immunotherapy combinations have recently been shown to improve the overall survival of advanced mesotheliomas, especially for patients responding to those treatments. We aimed to characterize the biological correlates of malignant pleural mesotheliomas’ primary resistance to immunotherapy and antiangiogenics by testing the combination of pembrolizumab, an anti–PD-1 antibody, and nintedanib, a pan-antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in the multicenter PEMBIB trial (NCT02856425). Thirty patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma were treated and explored. Unexpectedly, we found that refractory patients were actively recruiting CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in their tumors through CXCL9 tumor release upon treatment. However, these patients displayed high levels of somatic copy-number alterations in their tumors that correlated with high blood and tumor levels of IL6 and CXCL8. Those proinflammatory cytokines resulted in higher tumor secretion of VEGF and tumor enrichment in regulatory T cells. Advanced mesothelioma should further benefit from stratified combination therapies adapted to their tumor biology. Significance: Sequential explorations of fresh tumor biopsies demonstrated that mesothelioma resistance to anti–PD-1 + antiangiogenics is not due to a lack of tumor T-cell infiltration but rather due to adaptive immunosuppressive pathways by tumors, involving molecules (e.g., IL6, CXCL8, VEGF, and CTLA4) that are amenable to targeted therapies. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 799

The research aims to deepen the methodological and organisational-practical principles of energy efficiency for further application in the educational buildings thermal modernization. The relevance of the work is to reduce energy consumption by increasing the energy efficiency of buildings. Based on the calculations and research, the following scientific and practical results were obtained: - a technical inspection of the educational building heating system was conducted; - a thermal imaging survey was conducted and infiltration thermal failures of the building's heating system were detected; - the energy efficiency class of the building before thermal renovation is determined; - economic expediency of the heating system thermal modernization was proposed and calculated. - the energy efficiency class of the building after thermal renovation is determined. As an outcome of obtaining scientific and practical results for the heating system thermal failures, indicating the need to introduce measures to reduce the amount of thermal energy losses, ways for the heating system thermal modernization are proposed. The obtained scientific and practical implications of the research work can be used in the future on similar objects, as an example for increasing the energy efficiency level.

A comprehensive rotation–vibration (ro–vibrational) line list of thioformaldehyde (1H212C32S) that is applicable for elevated temperatures (${2000}{\, \mathrm{K}}$) is presented. The new MOTY line list covers the 0–8000 cm−1 range (wavelengths $\lambda \gt {1.3}{\, \mu \mathrm{m}})$ and contains around 43.5 billion transitions between 52.3 million states with rotational excitation up to J = 120. Line list calculations utilize a newly determined empirically refined potential energy surface (PES) – the most accurate H2CS PES to date – a previously published high-level ab initio dipole moment surface, and the use of an exact kinetic energy operator for solving the ro–vibrational Schrödinger equation. Post-processing of the MOTY line list is performed by replacing calculated energy levels with empirically derived values, vastly improving the accuracy of predicted line positions in certain spectral windows and making the line list suitable for high-resolution applications. The MOTY line list is available from the ExoMol data base at www.exomol.com and the CDS astronomical data base.

The article is devoted to the problem of excessive qualification for multiple homicide crimes. The author shows the evolution of the attribute “murder of two or more persons”, carries out its correlation with related circumstances aggravating criminal liability, explores controversial issues of criminal legal assessment of attempted murder and murder under aggravating circumstances as independent acts.In conclusion, a new version of the provisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation regarding the murder of two or more persons as a completed crime is proposed.

В роботі проаналізовано основні параметри системи управління та забезпечення безпеки руху поїздів ERTMS/ETCS. Обґрунтовано впровадження та використання другого рівня системи ETCS для умов магістрального залізничного транспорту України залежно від поточного технічного оснащення дільниць та цільового призначення. Запропоновано варіант проєктування системи ERTMS в умовах АТ «Укрзалізниця» щодо розміщення системи ETCS на ділянці Клесів-Страшів Львівської залізниці.

The object of this study was the concrete structures of a chemical enterprise for the production of titanium dioxide. In this case, the ore is decomposed with sulfate acid according to the sulfate production technology. In an aggressive environment, chemical corrosion of concrete occurs, prolonged over time. Using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis methods, the mineral composition of two prototypes of concrete was determined. It was found that the sample obtained from the workshop for processing ore with sulfate acid showed an increased content of sulfur oxide (SO2) on the surface, by 33%, with a reduced content of carbonates (CaCO3) on the surface, by 52.9%, at a depth of 2cm – by 53.65, compared to another (control) sample. At the same time, iron oxide (Fe2O3) was found on the surface in a sample of concrete from the ore storage room (control), the content of which decreased by 10.4% at a depth of 2cm, and by 12.4% at a depth of 4cm. The results of electron microscopy show sulfur crystals on the surface of a concrete sample. It was also found that the microstructure of concrete was changed under the influence of sulfate corrosion, depending on the intensity of the exposure to a depth of 2 to 4cm. By the method of thermoprogrammed mass spectrometry, it was established that when a sample of concrete exposed to sulfate acid is heated to a temperature of 400°C, sulfur dioxide SO2is released mainly from the surface. From the surface of the control sample, which contains a significant amount of CaCO3, which is easily destroyed by sulfate acid, there is probably a smaller amount of the product of thermal destruction of calcium carbonate carbon dioxide (CO2). The results of the experiment can be used to study the mechanism of development of sulfate corrosion of concrete prolonged over time.

In the article, the built picture of the four-vector phenomenology of voluntary activity (heroic, victim, transformative, life-affirming) can serve as a kind of “ethical map” for measuring the motivation for participation in volunteering. In addition, it can serve as the basis for determining the goals and mission of building educational and socio-pedagogical work in various volunteer associations. The problem of the formation of social activity of student youth in the conditions of reforming Ukrainian society is analyzed, the criteria of social activity, the importance of social activity for the further development of society and the professional development of students are considered. The concept of volunteering as a segment of civil society, the main directions of volunteering in modern Ukraine, the impact of hostilities in the East of the country on the development of volunteering have been studied. The thesis about the dialectical relationship between social activity and students' participation in volunteer activities is substantiated, where volunteer activity is considered as a manifestation of social activity and as a factor in its formation. An example of the activities of a higher educational institution regarding the involvement of students in volunteer practice as an important factor in the formation of students' social activity is given.

A line list for two isotopologues of aluminium monochloride, Al35Cl and Al37Cl, is presented covering the wavelength range

The purpose of the research is to introduce into scientific circulation one of the most significant spiritual and musical works of Mykola Lysenko, the Christmas kontakion “Today the Virgin Gives Birth to the Transcendent One”. The research methodology. The author of the research uses a structural-functional method to analyse the musical material, as well as a comparative-historical method to explain the original transformation of biblical texts by the composer, which fits into the general spiritually oriented methodological system. The scientific novelty of the research. The article offers a musicological and performing analysis of one of the composer's brightest spiritual works, the Christmas kontakion “Today the Virgin Gives Birth to the Transcendent One”, with the aim of introducing it into scientific circulation. Conclusions. The analysis of the structure of the work, musical and performing means has shown that M. Lysenko, in his work on the ancient church melody of the Christmas kontakion in the chant version of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra, significantly changed the melody of the original. So much so that he completely rethought the content concept of church chanting. In the composer's version, the festive chant of the Nativity of Christ took on the meaning of a world event that changed the world order due to its significance. The church singing turned into a choral concert with vivid contrasting episodes in which the events of Christmas are conveyed as separate pictures, emphasising their significance for humanity and depicting the nativity characters in a pronounced and almost cinematic way. The composer used a wide range of musical means: original interpretation of the form (fugue elements), extensive use of textural contrasts (solo episodes, choral unisons), strong tonal movement (deviation to the third degree of kinship), expressive choral fingering.

We analyze the electric potential and field, polarization and charge, and differential capacitance of a silicon metal-oxide-ferroelectric field effect transistor (MOSFET), in which a gate insulator consists of thin layers of dielectric SiO2 and weak ferroelectric HfO2. It appeared possible to achieve a quasi-steady-state negative capacitance (NC) of the HfO2 layer, , if the layer thickness is close to the critical thickness of the size-induced ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. However, this effect disappears as the gate voltage increases above a certain critical value, which can be explained by the nonlinearity of the ferroelectric permittivity. The quasi-steady-state NC corresponds to a positive capacitance of the whole system. Implementation of the gate insulator NC, , can open the principal possibility to reduce the MOSFET subthreshold swing below the critical value, and to decrease the gate voltage below the fundamental Boltzmann limit. However, we failed to found the parameters for which is negative in the quasi-steady states; and thus, the negative cannot reduce the subthreshold swing below the fundamental limit. Nevertheless, the increase in , related with , can decrease the swing above the limit, reduce device heating during the operation cycles, and thus contribute to further improvements of MOSFET performances.

A parametric optimization problem of cross-sectional sizes for cold-formed steel lipped channel structural members subjected to axial compression has been considered by the paper. An optimization problem is formulated to define optimum cross-sectional sizes of cold-formed structural member taking into account post-buckling behavior and structural requirements when stripe width, profile thickness and profile type are constant and specified in advance. Maximization of the load-carrying capacity of the cold-formed structural member has been assumed as purpose function. As optimization results cold-formed steel lipped channels with optimum dimensions have been obtained. Steel lipped channels structural members with the optimum cross-sectional dimensions have higher load-carrying capacities at the same material consumption (stripe width) comparing with the ones proposed by the manufacturer when the material consumption.

Introduction. The development of rabbit farming requires the breeding of new breeds of rabbits with accelerated growth intensity and increased productivity. Together with the acceleration of growth and development of somatic systems, the rates of morphogenesis and formation of organs that provide immune protection, in particular, lymphoid formations of the intestine, also change [1, 2]. Lymphoid formations associated with the intestinal mucosa in mammals are represented by the diffuse form of lymphoid tissue, lymphoid nodules, as well as clusters of diffuse lymphoid tissue and lymphoid nodules in the form of Peyer's patches [3].

Non-communicable diseases, coronary heart disease has ranked first among the causes of morbidity and mortality according to WHO over the past decade and a half in most developed countries. Molecular imaging techniques make it possible to detect this disease at an early stage, determine the prognosis, risks and the need for intervention. Radionuclide diagnostics can be widely used in patients with cardiac diseases to assess the viability of cardiomyocytes and myocardial perfusion and to detect the presence and extent of perfusion defects, stress-induced ischemia, and post-infarction changes using single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Compared with foreign countries, radionuclide imaging methods are not currently widely used in cardiology practice in Russia. This review highlights the physical foundations of single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography, the physiological and pathophysiological basis of radiopharmaceutical uptake in myocardial tissue, the mechanisms and procedures for performing functional pharmacological and physical stress tests, and recent data in the field of radionuclide imaging of myocardial pathology. This review aims to acquaint the reader with the world practices of using positron-emitting radionuclides in diagnostic procedures, highlighting both their basic principles and the latest achievements in this area. The review focuses on the practice of using 82Rb in the assessment of myocardial perfusion, including in comparison with other positron-emitting radionuclides, as one of the promising areas of development in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease.

A parametric optimization problem of cross-sectional sizes for cold-formed steel lipped channel structural members subjected to axial compression has been considered by the paper. An optimization problem is formulated as to define optimum cross-sectional sizes of cold-formed structural member taking into account post-buckling behavior (web and flange local and distortional buckling) of the member as well as structural requirements when the profile perimeter (strip width), profile thickness, design lengths of the structural member as well as material properties are constant and specified in advance. Maximization of the load-carrying capacity of the cold-formed structural member has been assumed as purpose function. The formulated parametric optimization problem has been solved by exhaustive search method using the software written in Python. As optimization results the cold-formed steel lipped channels with optimum cross-sectional dimensions have been obtained depending on the profile thickness and design lengths of the structural member. In order to obtain optimum solutions for cross-sectional dimensions of the CFS lipped channel structural members which are independent from the design flexural lengths and profile thickness, searching for a compromise solution has been performed by exhaustive search method. The obtained cold-formed steel lipped channel structural members with optimum cross-sectional sizes have higher design buckling resistance under the axial compression at the same material consumption (stripe width) comparing with the cold-formed steel lipped channels proposed by the manufacturer. Web local buckling phenomenon has been occurred in all obtained CFS lipped channel cross-sections with optimum sizes.

The paper provides a brief historical background on the formation and development of ecotoxicology as a science, reflects the main modern methods and principles for studying the acute toxicity of xenobiotics for representatives of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems recommended by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). The classification of acute ecotoxicity of chemicals for land and water test systems is given. Further perspective development of the unit, which will be aimed at expanding ecotoxicological research in accordance with international OECD methods and GLP requirements, has been outlined. Aim. Revealing the main methods and principles recommended by the OECD for determining acute toxicity for biological objects of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and putting these methods and principles into practice of the Scientific Centre. Materials and Methods. The work was based on the implementation of international OECD standards and GLP principles. The OECD public electronic library of methods, particularly section 2 of the Instructions for Testing Chemicals, was used and analysed. Results and Conclusions. International methods for determining the acute toxicity of pollutants for non-target environmental objects were put into practice in the Scientific Centre, such as OECD 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test); OECD 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test); OECD 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test); OECD 207 (Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests); OECD 213 (Honeybees, Acute Oral Toxicity Test); OECD 216 (Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test); OECD 217 (Soil Microorganisms: Carbon Transformation Test); OECD 223 (Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test). Systems for the quality and control of ecotoxicological studies have been developed, which made it possible to obtain national and international accreditation for the conduct of the above studies. Further activities of the department will be aimed at expanding ecotoxicological research using international OECD methods and compliance with GLP requirements, which will contribute to the development of ecotoxicological research both in the Scientific Centre and in Ukraine as a whole. Key Words: ecotoxicology, pesticides and agrochemicals, biological test systems, OECD methods, good laboratory practice (GLP).

The object of this study is a structural member made from a C-shaped cold-formed profile, investigated to search for optimal cross-sectional dimensions. The parametric optimization task is stated as the problem to find the optimal cross-sectional dimensions of the structural member under axial compression conditions, taking into account its post-buckling behavior (local buckling of the web and flanges, as well as a distortional buckling of the cross-section) and structural requirements. In this case, the material consumption and mechanical characteristics of steel, as well as the design lengths of the structural member, were considered constant and predefined. The considered criterion of optimality was the maximization of the load-carrying capacity of the structural member for the overall buckling under the axial compression. The stated optimization problem is solved using the method of exhaustive search while applying the developed software. Additionally, for fixed steel consumption, compromise solutions were searched that do not depend on the thickness of the profile and the design lengths of the structural member. The resulting cold-formed C-shaped profiles with optimal cross-sectional dimensions are characterized by a higher load-carrying capacity for the overall buckling under axial compression (to 24.45 % and 22.19 %) at the same steel consumption compared to the profiles offered by the manufacturer. Analysis of the reported results made it possible to devise recommendations for optimal ratios of dimensions and geometric characteristics of the structural members made from C-shaped profiles operating under axial compression. The ratios could be used both at the stage of selection of cross-sections of structural members from cold-formed profiles, and in the development of effective assortments of cold-formed profiles

Purpose. Development of simplified indicators for assessment of the effectiveness of local water flow management and use in reservoirs and ponds. Methodology. The methods of integral assessment by specific indicators that characterize the operational parameters of the reservoir are used. Analytical formulas for calculating specific indicators are applied, their values are in the range from -1.0 to +1.0, which greatly simplifies the perception of the received information. Findings. General characteristic of the artificial water objects of the study is given. Coefficients of operational parameters of reservoirs and regulation of local surface flow have been determined. Specific and integral indicators of the management effectiveness assessment of local surface water resources have been established. A formula for calculating the comparative total risk indicator and a conventional distribution scale are proposed, according to them the effectiveness of local water resources management within administrative units or river basins is evaluated for the elements of the sample taken for the study. The ratio of parameters of the total area of the territory occupied by ponds (44%) to the area occupied by reservoirs (56%) was determined, according to which the ponds will retain only 25% of the total volume of water resources. For almost all studied elements of the sample, the value of the average depth is less than 2 meters, and the volume is up to 1 × 106 m3. Thereby, most reservoirs act as evaporation ponds, which leads to the deterioration of the water resources quality. The determined coefficients of local surface flow regulation for 9 out of 11 administrative regions of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine range from 0.22 to 1.36, which is a significant excess of the permissible norms of modular coefficients for 95% coverage within 0.050.25. For Kherson (2.14) and Odesa (6.45) regions, this parameter exceeds the requirements of the Water Code of Ukraine by many times (with a norm of 0.05 and 0.2, respectively). Originality. Specific integral indicators of local water flow regulation and characteristics of operational parameters of reservoirs on the territory of the administrative regions of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine are proposed and determined. A point assessment of the impact of artificial water bodies on the surrounding natural environment is provided, which substantiates and emphasizes the conclusions regarding the irrationality of water use and the further exploitation of such a significant number of artificial water bodies, in particular small ponds. Practical value. Specific indicators of the effectiveness of the management and use of local water flow held in the ponds and reservoirs of the Steppe Zone of Ukraine simplify the perception of the received information and shorten the time of making management and water protection decisions.

In this paper, we analyze the drift-implicit (or backward) Euler numerical scheme for a class of stochastic differential equations with unbounded drift driven by an arbitrary $λ$-Hölder continuous process, $λ\in(0,1)$. We prove that, under some mild moment assumptions on the Hölder constant of the noise, the $L^r(Ω;L^\infty([0,T]))$-rate of convergence is equal to $λ$. To exemplify, we consider numerical schemes for the generalized Cox--Ingersoll-Ross and Tsallis--Stariolo--Borland models. The results are illustrated by simulations., 24 pages, 3 figures

The relevance of the chosen research topic is that the formation of mathematical skills of students majoring in 181 Food Technology is a component of their success in professional activities. An important basis is the ability to solve problems using equations and their systems. One of the tools for solving quadratic systems of linear algebraic equations is Cramer's rule, and Cramer's theorem is one of the key theorems of higher mathematics. The aim of the article is to discuss a new methodological approach to the study of Cramer's theorem and its application for students majoring in 181 Food Technology educational and professional degree of bachelor. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, abstraction. The article proposes to introduce Cramer's rule for cases n = 2 and n = 3 within the discipline «Mathematics» with appropriate practical application in professional problems and to continue the study of the topic in the general case within the discipline «Higher Mathematics». This can be realized if we consider Cramer's rule for systems of two linear algebraic equations with two unknowns and for systems of three linear algebraic ones. equations with three unknowns with practical application for solving problems of professional orientation. In our opinion, such a competence approach has a number of advantages. First, in addition to the classical methods of addition, substitution, graphical method of solving systems of two linear equations with two unknowns, students will master another method of solving, and therefore additional benefits in preparing for the state final certification in mathematics. Secondly, when studying the discipline «Higher Mathematics» it is possible to consider the topic «Cramer's Theorem» as a generalization of the study on this topic in the discipline «Mathematics», which will increase motivation for learning and connections between disciplines. Third, it places additional emphasis on the formation of mathematical skills of students majoring in 181 Food Technology and the practical application of mathematics to solve professional problems in junior high school., Актуальність обраної теми дослідження полягає в тому, що формування математичних вмінь студентів спеціальності 181 Харчові технології є складовою їх успіху в професійній діяльності. Важливою базою є вміння розв’язувати задачі за допомогою рівнянь та їх систем. Одним з інструментів для розв’язування квадратних систем лінійних алгебраїчних рівнянь є правило Крамера, а теорема Крамера є однією з ключових теорем вищої математики. Метою статті є запропонувати новий методичний підхід до вивчення теореми Крамера та її застосування для студентів спеціальності 181 Харчові технології освітньо-професійного ступеня фахового молодшого бакалавра. Для досягнення мети використовувались наступні методи: аналіз, синтез, узагальнення, абстрагування. В статті запропоновано ввести до вивчення правило Крамера для випадків n=2 і n=3 в межах дисципліни «Математика» з відповідним практичним застосуванням на задачах фахового спрямування і продовжити вивчення теми в загальному випадку в межах дисципліни «Вища математика». Такий компетентнісний підхід дасть можливість посилити зв’язки між дисциплінами, крім класичних методів розв’язування систем рівнянь студенти молодших курсів оволодіють додатковим інструментом, а отже, перевагами при підготовці до державної підсумкової атестації з математики, також дасть можливість посилити мотивацію студентів до вивчення математичних дисциплін через практичне застосування математики для розв’язування задач професійного спрямування.

Inflammation of the external ear in dogs is a widespread pathology in 20 % of sick animals that come to veterinary medicine clinics. The purpose of the work was to monitor the spread of otitis in dogs for 2021 in Odesa. To solve this goal, several tasks were set: to study the spread of otitis among dogs by breed, age, and sex; to study the spread of Malassezia otitis among dogs; to determine the seasonality of otitis in dogs. The data from the journal of registration of sick animals of the veterinary clinic of Odessa (VetKOiN) served as the material. Data concerning sick animals from the logbook were entered into tables, and statistical analysis was carried out. Dogs of Pugs and Mestizo made up the most significant number of sick animals with otitis (10.4 % each); the French Bulldog breed accounts for 9.1 %, the Pekinese and Labrador breeds – 6.5 % each, the Clamber Spaniel breed – 5.2 %. Such dog breeds as Jack Russell Terrier, Chihuahua, Spitz, German Shepherd, and Cane Corso account for 3.9 %; Bull Terrier, East European Shepherd, and Retriever – 2.6 % each; Grünendal, Husky, Samoyed, Kangal, Dachshund, Scottish Shepherd, Shar-Pei, Bolonka, Beagle, American Cocker Spaniel, Shih-Tzu, Laika, Fox Terrier, Staffordshire Terrier, Pit Bull Terrier, American Bully, Breton, Bernese Mountain Dog, English Bulldog breeds – 1.3 % each. Animals between the ages of 1 and 5 years suffer mostly from canine otitis (64 %) and animals under the age of 1 year suffer less(10 %). Animals older than five years make up 26 %. The gender of dogs is not important in otitis spreading: females account for 49 % of sick animals, and males – 51 %. Malassezia otitis in dogs occurred in 38 % of cases. Dogs of Pug breeds comprised the largest percentage of sick animals (13.8 %), French bulldog and Pekingese breeds – (10.3 % each). The Bull Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier, and Chihuahua breed each account for 6.9 %. Otitis was registered every month during the year. An increase in the incidence was observed in April (9.1 %), May (13.0 %), June (7.8 %), July (15.6 %), August (13.0 %), September (10.4 % ) and November (10.4 %). So otitis was more often registered in dogs in the warm season. In the future, the spread, etiology, and most effective treatment regimens of various forms of otitis in dogs will be studied.