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For the purpose of obtaining the smaller uncertainties for Hp(3) and Dp lens in 90Sr/90Y beta reference fields, a new dose determination method based on the Monte-Carlo simulation was proposed. The conversion coefficients from the absorbed dose in air, at the reference point of the extrapolation ionisation chamber, Dair, det to Hp(3; α) and the conversion factors from Dair, det to Dp lens(α) were calculated with EGSnrc, respectively, for the irradiation angles from 0° to 60°. Compared with the dose determination method in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6980 standard, the uncertainty reductions of 7.7–52.8% for Hp(3; α) and 7.9–55.0% for Dp lens(α) were achieved, respectively. In addition, for the conversion coefficients from the reference absorbed dose DR to Hp(3; α), the calculations were performed for more irradiation conditions, which are not included in the current ISO 6980 standard. For the calculations of the conversion factors from DR to Dp lens(α), the eye and head phantoms with Chinese characteristics were utilised, which makes the conversion factors more suitable for use in China.

Water extraction (WE) is the classical extraction method for tamarind xyloglucan (XyG), but its low yield, high viscosity and poor dispersion in aqueous solution are not conducive to the industrial applications. To promote the industrial application of tamarind XyG, an ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method for extracting low-viscosity XyG from tamarind kernel powder was proposed.The yield of UAE-XyG was higher (502.33 ± 0.036 g kgIn sum, UAE is a type of extraction method that could effectively improve the yield of XyG and reduce its viscosity to expand its application without reducing its physiological activity. UAE exhibits an excellent potential in the extraction of XyG. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Temperature is a crucial parameter in the spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) process of noble gas (3He), but is hard to measure due to its confinement nature. In this paper, we conduct research upon the temperature and gas flow distribution within a sealed SEOP cell through computational fluid dynamics simulation. The simulation result shows that the external heat exchange of the initial heating of the cell becomes a cooling process in the presence of high pumping laser power absorbed by the alkali metal. The heat from the pumping laser would also cause the gas in the cell to reach a much higher temperature than the oven, with the hottest part appearing on the upper side of the cell. These predicted behaviors from the simulation are later confirmed by our experiment measurement, which strongly indicates that a gas flow and heat flow exist within the cell. These results help us to understand the temperature distribution of 3He gas in the cell and provide references for the development and improvement of the future SEOP system.

BackgroundAnti-type 2 inflammation therapy has been proposed as a treatment strategy for eosinophil-associated chronic airway disorders that could reduce exacerbations and improve lung function. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of type 2 monoclonal antibodies (anti-T2s) for eosinophil-associated chronic airway disorders.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to 21 August 2022. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of anti-T2s versus placebo in the treatment of chronic airway diseases were selected. The outcomes were exacerbation rate and change in pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) from baseline. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 1.0 was used to evaluate the risk of bias, and the random-effects or fixed-effect model were used to pool the data.ResultsThirty-eight articles concerning forty-one randomized clinical trials with 17,115 patients were included. Compared with placebo, anti-T2s therapy yielded a significant reduction in exacerbation rate in COPD and asthma (Rate Ratio (RR)=0.89, 95%CI, 0.83-0.95, I2 = 29.4%; RR= 0.59, 95%CI, 0.52-0.68, I2 = 83.9%, respectively) and improvement in FEV1 in asthma (Standard Mean Difference (SMD)=0.09, 95%CI, 0.08-0.11, I2 = 42.6%). Anti-T2s therapy had no effect on FEV1 improvement in COPD (SMD=0.05, 95%CI, -0.01-0.10, I2 = 69.8%).ConclusionDespite inconsistent findings across trials, anti-T2s had a positive overall impact on patients’ exacerbation rate in asthma and COPD and FEV1 in asthma. Anti-T2s may be effective in treating chronic airway illnesses related to eosinophils.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022362280.

Figure S6. Cumulative incidence of death in complete remission between two consolidation cohort

Figure S3. Outcomes after induction when censoring transplant recipients.

Supplementary Tables S1-S5

Figure S1. A CONSORT diagram about induction therapy

Figure S5. Outcomes after consolidation when censoring transplant recipients

Figure S2. Outcomes of induction regimens excluding subjects in the conventional-dose cohort receiving a 2nd induction course.

The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has developed into a global health emergency. In addition to causing respiratory symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) is the main cause of death in patients with severe COVID-19. In this study, we performed single-cell sequencing analysis of the right ventricular free wall tissue from healthy donors, patients who died in the hypercoagulable phase of CAC, and patients in the fibrinolytic phase of CAC. Among these, we collected 61,187 cells, which were enriched in 24 immune cell subsets and 13 cardiac-resident cell subsets. We found that in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, CD9highCCR2highmonocyte-derived mø promoted hyperactivation of the immune system and initiated the extrinsic coagulation pathway by activating CXCR-GNB/G-PI3K-AKT. This sequence of events is the main process contributing the development of coagulation disorders subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the characteristic coagulation disorder caused by SARS-CoV-2, excessive immune activation is accompanied by an increase in cellular iron content, which in turn promotes oxidative stress and intensifies intercellular competition. This induces cells to alter their metabolic environment, resulting in an increase in sugar uptake, such as that via the glycosaminoglycan synthesis pathway, in CAC coagulation disorders. In addition, high levels of reactive oxygen species generated in response elevated iron levels promote the activation of unsaturated fatty acid metabolic pathways in endothelial cell subgroups, including vascular endothelial cells. This in turn promotes the excessive production of the toxic peroxidation by-product malondialdehyde, which exacerbates both the damage caused to endothelial cells and coagulation disorders.

The prognostic factors to stratify acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with double-mutated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPAdm) into different risk groups remains to be determined. In this retrospective study, we evaluated 171 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AML with CEBPAdm by a Cox proportional hazards regression model. In univariate analyses, colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) and Wilms tumour 1 (WT1) mutations were associated with poor relapse-free survival (RFS). The induction regimens including homoharringtonine (omacetaxine mepesuccinate) or intermediate-dose cytarabine was associated with favourable RFS and overall survival (OS). The induction regimen including both homoharringtonine and intermediate-dose cytarabine was associated with the most favourable RFS (3-year RFS 84.7%) and OS (3-year OS 92.8%) compared to the conventional cytarabine and daunorubicin regimen (3-year RFS 27.7%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.126, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.051-0.313, Wald p 0.001; and 3-year OS 56.4%, HR 0.179, 95% CI 0.055-0.586, Wald p = 0.005). In multivariate analyses, the induction regimen including intermediate-dose cytarabine (HR 0.364, 95% CI 0.205-0.646, Wald p 0.001) and CSF3R mutations (HR 2.667, 95% CI 1.276-5.572, Wald p = 0.009) were independently associated with RFS. Taken together, we found that induction regimen and CSF3R mutations were independent prognostic factors for AML with CEBPAdm.

Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is commonly seen in ischemic stroke patients. Low transthyretin levels are found to be correlated with stroke. This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between transthyretin levels and SAP.In total, 920 patients were involved in our study. Serum transthyretin levels were measured within 24 h at admission. We defined SAP according to the modified Centers for Disease Control criteria. In the study population, 123 (13.4%, 77 men, 46 women) were diagnosed with SAP. In the multivariable analysis, we found that serum transthyretin levels were significantly lower in SAP compared with non-SAP patients (231 ± 80 vs. 279 ± 75; P 0.001) after adjusting for confounders. Meanwhile, we discovered that low transthyretin levels (≤252 mg/L) were independently associated with the development of SAP (OR 3.370; 95% CI: 1.763-6.441; P 0.001). Moreover, patients with SAP had a worse clinical outcome than those without SAP at discharge. In addition, dysphagia, leukocyte count and NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) were also found to be associated with SAP.We found that low transthyretin levels significantly increased the risk of SAP. Patients with high risk of developing SAP could be early identified and prevented timely.

The Wisconsin upper respiratory symptom survey (WURSS) is a validated English questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life and severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). We aimed to develop a Mandarin Chinese version of WURSS-24 (WURSS-24-C) and evaluate its reliability, validity and minimal important difference (MID). The WURSS-24-C was developed using the forward-backward translation procedure. People with URTIs’ symptoms within 48 h of onset were recruited and asked to fill in the WURSS-24-C daily for up to 14 d. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to suggest domains. The 8-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-8) assessing general mental and physical health was used to assess validity. Reliability estimated by Cronbach’s alpha and mean day-to-day change for those indicating minimal improvement as MID were evaluated. The WURSS-24-C was found to be acceptable, relevant, and easy to complete in cognitive debriefing interviews. A total number of 300 participants (age 28.4 ± 9.3, female 70%) were monitored for 2500 person-days. Four domains (activity and function, systemic symptoms, nasal symptoms and throat symptoms) of the WURSS-24-C were confirmed (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.93). The reliability of this 4-domain-structure is good (Cronbach’s alphas varied from 0.849 to 0.943). Convergent validity is moderate (Pearson correlation coefficients between daily WURSS-24-C and the SF-8 were −0.780 and −0.721, for the SF-8 physical and mental health, respectively). Estimates of MID for individual items varied from −0.41 to −1.14. The WURSS-24-C is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing illness-specific quality-of-life health status in Chinese-speaking patients with URTIs.Key messagesThe Wisconsin upper respiratory symptom survey (WURSS) series are patient-oriented questionnaire instruments assessing the quality of life and severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs).The WURSS-24 was translated into Mandarin Chinese using the forward-backward translation procedure, and evaluated its validity, reliability and minimal important difference (MID) in 300 Chinese participants with URTIs.The WURSS-24 Chinese version (WURSS-24-C) seems to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing illness-specific quality-of-life health status in Chinese patients with URTIs. The Wisconsin upper respiratory symptom survey (WURSS) series are patient-oriented questionnaire instruments assessing the quality of life and severity of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). The WURSS-24 was translated into Mandarin Chinese using the forward-backward translation procedure, and evaluated its validity, reliability and minimal important difference (MID) in 300 Chinese participants with URTIs. The WURSS-24 Chinese version (WURSS-24-C) seems to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing illness-specific quality-of-life health status in Chinese patients with URTIs.

Single-cell multi-omics (scMulti-omics) allows the quantification of multiple modalities simultaneously to capture the intricacy of complex molecular mechanisms and cellular heterogeneity. Existing tools cannot effectively infer the active biological networks in diverse cell types and the response of these networks to external stimuli. Here we present DeepMAPS for biological network inference from scMulti-omics. It models scMulti-omics in a heterogeneous graph and learns relations among cells and genes within both local and global contexts in a robust manner using a multi-head graph transformer. Benchmarking results indicate DeepMAPS performs better than existing tools in cell clustering and biological network construction. It also showcases competitive capability in deriving cell-type-specific biological networks in lung tumor leukocyte CITE-seq data and matched diffuse small lymphocytic lymphoma scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq data. In addition, we deploy a DeepMAPS webserver equipped with multiple functionalities and visualizations to improve the usability and reproducibility of scMulti-omics data analysis.

Background Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization, especially in children. Highly mutagenic nature and antigenic diversity enable the RSV to successfully survive in human population. Regular monitoring of the circulating strains of RSV in different parts of China could assist in the development of more effective vaccines and preventive measures. We performed a molecular epidemiological study during 2017–2021 to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of RSV in China. Methods A total of 6499 nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected from patients suffering from respiratory infections at Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Results Overall detection rate for respiratory viruses was 16.12% (1048/6499). A total of 405 specimens (6.20%, 405/6499) were found positive for RSV. Seasonal distribution of RSV and other respiratory viruses was variable and highest incidence were recorded in winter. Based on sequencing of hypervariable region of G gene, 93 RSV sequences were sub-grouped into RSV-A (56, 60.2%) and RSV-B (37, 39.8%). There was no coinfection of RSV-A and RSV-B in tested samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RSV-A and RSV-B strains belonged to ON1 and BA9 genotype respectively, indicating predominance of these genotypes in Guangzhou. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis determined several substitutions which may likely change antigenicity and pathogenicity of RSV. Multiple glycosylation sites were observed in the second hypervariable region of the G protein, demonstrating high selection pressure on these genotypes. Conclusion This study illustrated the useful information about epidemiology, genetic characteristics and circulating genotypes of RSV in Guangzhou China which may facilitate policy makers, clinicians, and researchers for a better understanding of the evolution of RSV within and outside of China. Due to emergence of several lineages of ON1 and BA9 genotypes, it is quite possible that new lineages could emerge in near future due to highly mutagenic nature of RSV. Continuous and long-term surveillance programs coupled with clinical data must be initiated in Guangzhou to better understand the pattern of seasonal distribution of circulating genotypes of RSV and find any association between emerging genotypes and disease severity.

In this work, the conversion coefficients from air kerma to the eye lens dose were calculated for photon exposures using the detailed eye and head Monte-Carlo (MC) model with the Chinese adult parameters. To verify the MC model and the simulation method, the conversion coefficients from fluence to the eye lens dose for mono-energy electrons (0.7–12 MeV) were calculated and compared with other studies. Then the conversion coefficients from air kerma to the doses in the entire lens and in the sensitive volume were calculated, respectively, for mono-energy photons (0.01–50 MeV) at different incidence angles (0–90°, in step of 15°). A small difference was found between the calculated conversion coefficient and the ICRP recommended value. The difference could be mainly due to the difference in their geometry characteristic of the eye and head models. In addition, the uncertainty analysis of the calculated conversion coefficients was performed in detail. The calculated dose conversion coefficient of the eye lens can be used to evaluate the eye lens dose for Chinese occupational staffs in external photon fields. And it can be used to determine the personal absorbed dose in the eye lens Dp lens in photon reference radiation fields.

In this paper, the performance of SiC-based neutron detector was investigated using GEANT4 toolkit. Thin-film-coated and trench type neutron detectors were considered and their intrinsic detection efficiency were calculated according to the relevant structural parameters, with Low-Level Discriminator (LLD) value fixed at 300 keV. For thin-film-coated detector, the analysis carried out for varied layer thicknesses of 10B and 6LiF showed that the intrinsic detection efficiency increases with the increase of thickness, and reaches the maximum value at the critical thickness and thereafter found to gradually decrease. Due to the self-absorption effect of the conversion material, the intrinsic detection efficiency of the thin-film-coated SiC neutron detector is limited to less than 5%. Fortunately, the trench type SiC neutron detector can break through this limitation. However, under current process conditions, SiC can only be used for shallow trench etching. In order to increase the neutron detection efficiency as high as possible in the limited trench depth, we have proposed a scheme of filling the trench with a double conversion layer, which can significantly improve the intrinsic detection efficiency of neutrons compared with the traditional trench structure with a single conversion layer. Apart from estimating the intrinsic detection efficiency, the energy deposition spectrum in the SiC detector region by the produced secondary charged particles upon thermal neutron interaction with conversion material(10B and 6LiF) have also been researched for various structural parameters such as conversion layer thickness, trench width and trench gap of detector.

To determine the chemical composition, nutritional value, and bioactivities of Pleurotus cornucopiae, the effects of six different cooking methods (boiling, steaming, microwaving, stir-frying, frying, and roasting) on nutrients, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were, for the first time, evaluated using in vitro simulated digestion. In contrast to frying, microwaving caused the lowest nutrients loss rate (protein: 11.81%, fat: 13.26%) and produced the highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The fatty acid composition differed from that of undigested samples, frying and stir-frying released the most unsaturated fatty acids (especially oleic and linoleic acids), while steaming and microwaving released the most saturated fatty acids. Microwaving caused a lower mineral loss, whereas frying released the highest mineral content after digestion. Water-based cooking methods (boiling, steaming, and microwaving) had the lowest antioxidant activities but the highest hypoglycemic activities. The above data provides a valuable reference for the scientific cooking of P. cornucopiae.

To protect against an untrusted foundry, logic locking must 1) inject sufficient error to ensure critical application failures for any wrong key (error severity) and 2) resist any attack against it (attack resilient). We begin our work by deriving a fundamental tradeoff between these two goals which exists underlying all logic locking, regardless of construction. This relationship forces integrated circuit (IC) designers to sacrifice the error severity of logic locking to increase its attack resilience and vice versa. We proceed by exploring the consequences of this tradeoff through architectural simulations of ICs incorporating locking sweeping over the derived parametric space. We find that the efficacy of logic locking is severely limited by this tradeoff. In response, we propose trace logic locking (TLL), a novel enhancement of module level logic locking which enables existing art to secure arbitrary length sequences of input minterms, referred to as traces . Doing so injects an additional degree of freedom into the parametric space of locking, enabling locking techniques to overcome the limitations of our derived tradeoff. We both theoretically and empirically prove this by using TLL to enhance cutting edge locking. In ten large benchmarks, we show that TLL-enhanced logic locking provides exponentially stronger attack resilience than conventional locking with only modest additional overhead. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of TLL in a processor IC using architectural simulations. Despite prior art being unable to secure this IC, we find that TLL concurrently achieves strong error severity and attack resilience.