Search

Purpose To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Methods We retrospectively collected and compared the data of patients with CDH admitted between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021(study group) with the CDH patients admitted before the pandemic between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 (control group). Results During the pandemic, 41 patients with CDH diagnosed prenatally were transferred to our hospital, and 40 underwent surgical repair. The number of patients treated in our hospital increased by 24.2% compared with the 33 patients before the pandemic. During the pandemic, the overall survival rate, postoperative survival rate and recurrence rate were 85.4%, 87.5% and 7.3%, respectively, and there were no significant differences compared with the control group (75.8%, 83.3% and 9.1%, respectively). The average length of hospital stay in patients admitted during the pandemic was longer than that in the control group (31 days vs. 16 days, P P = 0.037). Conclusions CDH patients confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 infection-free can receive routine treatment. Our data indicate that the implementation of protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with appropriate screening and case evaluation, do not have a negative impact on the prognosis of children.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly around the world and is a significant threat to global health. Patients in the Neonatal Surgery Department have rapidly progressing diseases and immature immunity, which makes them vulnerable to pulmonary infection and a relatively higher mortality. This means that these patients require multidisciplinary treatment including early diagnosis, timely transport, emergency surgery and intensive critical care. The COVID-19 pandemic poses a threat to carrying out these treatments. To provide support for the health protection requirements of the medical services in the Neonatal Surgery Department, we developed recommendations focusing on patient transport, surgery selection and protection requirements with the aim of improving treatment strategies for patients and preventing infection in medical staff during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

The Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a central role in cell protection against a wide variety of environmental stressors through the Nrf2-Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) pathway, but its involvement in modulation of antioxidant system of fish cell is still largely unexplored. The present study focused on the molecular cloning and silencing of the Nrf2 in the fathead minnow muscle cell line (FHM) in response to the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. A full-length cDNA of coding Nrf2 was cloned from FHM cells by RT-PCR and RACE approaches. The obtained cDNA covered 2578 bp with an open reading frame (1770 bp) of encoding 589 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (51–86%) among 16 fishes. Based on the cloned Nrf2 sequence, the siRNA-242 of targeting Nrf2 with the best knocking down efficiency was designed and detected. Then, the mRNA levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Maf (musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene), and HO-1 (haemoxygenase-1); the activities of T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase); the levels of GSH (glutathione) and MDA (malonaldehyde); and the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed to investigate the molecular responses after H2O2 exposure. These results showed a coordinated transcriptional regulation of Keap1, Maf, and HO-1 and antioxidants (T-SOD, GSH, CAT, and GSH-PX) and MDA levels after H2O2 exposure, leading to oxidative damage and apoptosis. These findings provided an insight to understand the mechanisms of Nrf2 against oxidative stress in fish.

Background Due to the particularity of patients with bone tumors, the risk of periprosthetic infection following megaprosthetic replacement is much higher than that of traditional total knee arthroplasty. Unfortunately, few studies specifically reported the risk factors for periprosthetic infection following megaprosthetic replacement. The purposes of the study were to (1) establish a nomogram model, which can provide a reference for clinicians, and patients to reduce the occurrence of periprosthetic infection (2) explore the risk factors for deep infection of megaprosthesis. Hypothesis A prediction model can be established and has favorable predictive accuracy. Patients and Methods One hundred and seventy-seven megaprostheses were identified. There were 61 female patients and 116 male patients with a mean age of 35 years. The following risk factors were analyzed: tumor site, sex, age, material for prosthetic stem, tumor type, smoking, diabetes, length of bone resection, operation time, chemotherapy, BMI, malignant tumor staging and hematoma formation. Finally, based on the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors were used to develop a nomogram model. Results Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the chemotherapy, longer operation time and hematoma formation were risk factors for periprosthetic infection. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the chemotherapy, longer operation time and hematoma formation were significant risk factors for periprosthetic infection. The nomogram model was established using these significant risk factors, with a C-index of 0.766 and an acceptable consistency according to the internal validation, indicating that the prediction model had favorable predictive accuracy. Discussion This study has important implications for the future investigations of prevention of periprosthetic infection. The nomogram model identifies high-risk patients for whom attached prophylaxis measures are required. Future studies regarding reduction of incidence of periprosthetic infection should pay close attention to these high-risk patients. Level of evidence IV, retrospective, cohort study.

The surface characteristics of ZnO were synthetically optimized by a self-designed simultaneous etching and W-doping hydrothermal method utilizing as-prepared ZnO nanorod (NR) array films as the template. Benefiting from the etching and regrowth process and the different structural stabilities of the various faces of ZnO NRs, the uniquely etched and W-doped ZnO (EWZ) nanotube (NT) array films with larger surface area, more active sites and better energy band structure were used to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance and the loading quality of CdS quantum dots (QDs). On the basis of their better surface characteristics, the CdS QDs were uniformly loaded on EWZ NT array film with a good coverage ratio and interface connection; this effectively improved the light-harvesting ability, charge transportation and separation as well as charge injection efficiency during the PEC reaction. Therefore, all the CdS QD-sensitized EWZ NT array films exhibited significantly enhanced PEC performance. The CdS/EWZ-7 composite films exhibited the optimal photocurrent density with a value of 12 mA⋅cm−2, 2.5 times higher than that of conventional CdS/ZnO-7 composite films under the same sensitization times with CdS QDs. The corresponding etching and optimizing mechanisms were also discussed.

We report herein our serendipitous discovery of the rapid and straightforward accesses to unprecedented diverse complex molecular structures from readily available starting materials. Catalyzed by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene under mild conditions, o-(1-(acyloxy)propargyl)benzaldehydes 1 underwent efficient and selective dimerization reactions to produce novel complex bisether-bridged tricyclic products 3 and 4. The reactions proceeded most probably through dimerizations between 3-methylene-3H-isochromene intermediate and its zwitterionic resonance structures which were generated from a concerted 6-π electrocyclic ring closure reaction from the initially formed (2-formylphenyl)allene intermediates derived directly from o-(1-(acyloxy)propargyl)benzaldehydes. Treatment of the resulting product simply with NaOEt in ethanol and aqueous HCl, respectively, enabled further development of complex molecular diversities.

Five new brachypterous species belonging to the genus Stenus Latreille are described from Taibaishan Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Prov., West-Central China: S. (Hypostenus) hui Tang & Puthz sp. n., S. (Hemistenus) alioventralis Tang & Puthz sp. n., S. (Hemistenus) fortunatoris Tang & Puthz sp. n., S. (Hemistenus) taibaishanus Tang & Puthz sp. n. and S. (Hypostenus) nigriceps Tang & Puthz sp. n.

Background Capn4 and ZEB1 play important roles in the metastasis of several types of cancer. However, the roles and relationship of Capn4 and ZEB1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. Methods ESCC tumor tissues and corresponding normal esophageal epithelial tissues were obtained from 86 patients undergoing resection surgery at the Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Cell migration and invasion were examined via quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assay. Results Our results indicate that both Capn4 and ZEB1 are significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues compared to corresponding adjacent tissues, and a positive correlation between expression and associated malignant characteristics was found. Silencing of Capn4 expression markedly inhibited ESCC invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, and was accompanied by decreased ZEB1 expression. Furthermore, the anti-metastasis role of Capn4 silencing was reversed by ZEB1 overexpression, whereas knockdown of ZEB1 decreased ESCC metastasis driven by the upregulation of Capn4. Mechanistically, Capn4 regulated ZEB1 expression via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ESCC cells. Conclusion Overall, our results show that enhanced Capn4 expression activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, resulting in increased ZEB1 expression and the promotion of ESCC cell metastasis.

We report the first example of the construction of chiral 2,3-benzodiazepine compounds which are of biologic and pharmaceutical relevance by asymmetric catalysis. Catalyzed by a thiazolium-derived carbene and a palladium-chiral bidentate phosphine complex in sequence, one-pot reaction between 1-(2-(2-nitrovinyl)aryl)allyl esters 1 with azodicarboxylates 2 took place efficiently at ambient temperature to produce 4-nitro-1-vinyl-1H-2,3-benzodiazepine-2,3-dicarboxylates 5 in good to excellent yields with an enantiomeric ratio of up to 95:5.

Objective Femoral neck fracture is considered a difficult fracture to treat and often gives rise to unsatisfactory treatment results. Cannulated cancellous screws (CCS) or a sliding hip screw (SHS) are the mainstream internal fixations used for osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures. There is a need to integrate existing data through a meta-analysis to investigate the safety and effectiveness of CCS and SHS in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Method According to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, we screened for the relevant studies by searching Google Scholar, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PubMed. The PICOS criteria was used to make sure the included studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results Pooled data showed that there were no significant differences between the SHS and CCS groups for the Harris Hip Score. Significant differences were found between the SHS and CCS groups in terms of union time, postoperative complications, blood loss, operation time, incision length and length of hospital stay. Conclusions Although the SHS and CCS groups showed similar functional recovery in treatment of femoral neck fracture in terms of the Harris Hip Score, the SHS group showed fewer postoperative complications and faster union time for patients with femoral neck fractures. Therefore, compared with CCS, the use of SHS may be a more effective treatment of femoral neck fractures.

Macrobrachium nipponense is a new aquaculture species with high market demand and is preferred as food by Asian consumers. However, its nutrient requirements and optimal dietary sources have not been fully evaluated. In the present study, we examined four common plant protein sources (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and peanut meal) as partial replacement for 25% fishmeal protein in five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in M. nipponense for 8 weeks. The nutritional effects of the four plant protein sources were compared by means of growth performance, feed efficiency, histology, biochemical composition, oxidative stress, total hemocyte count, and in vitro digestion. Prawns fed the diets containing soybean (730.96 ± 33.50%) and cottonseed meals (672.32 ± 74.52%) had higher weight gain than those fed on rapeseed (503.71 ± 50.85%) and peanut (507.79 ± 52.10%) meal diets (p

// Hui Xia 1, 2, 3 , Wen Zhang 1 , Baoshi Zhang 1 , Yingnan Zhao 1 , Yunlong Zhao 1 , Shaojun Li 1 and Yang Liu 2 1 Department of Thoracic-Cardio Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China 3 Medical School of PLA, Beijing, China Correspondence to: Hui Xia, email: 304xiahui@sina.com Yang Liu, email: China liuyangplats@126.com Keywords: miR-21, EZH2, lung cancer stem cells, radiotherapy, chemotherapy Received: November 10, 2016 Accepted: June 19, 2017 Published: August 07, 2017 ABSTRACT Non-small-cell lung cancer has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to enhance patient survival rates. In this study, we investigated the effects of miR-21 and EZH2 on the biological behavior of human lung cancer stem cells in vitro . We found increased expression of EZH2 and miR-21 in LCSCs, and miR-21 overexpression increased EZH2 levels in LCSCs. In addition, EZH2 and miR-21 knockdown increased the sensitivity of LCSCs to chemo- and radiation therapy, and exogenous EZH2 expression rescued the effects of anti-miR-21. Cell proliferation was reduced by 39.2% and 69.7% in the presence of radio - or chemotherapy combined with anti-miR-21 transfection, respectively. The downstream molecules included Cdc2, cyclin B1, and Bcl-2, which are involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis and which could themselves be reduced or enhanced by changes in miR-21 and EZH2 levels in LCSCs. This study demonstrates the direct relationship between miR-21 and EZH2 which was increased by 43% after the application of the miR-21 mimic. Above data indicates that these two molecules can influence the biological behavior of LCSCs by altering their corresponding targets. Our findings support the potential roles of miR-21 and EZH2 in improving the therapeutic efficacy of clinical lung cancer treatments.

SummaryAims Despite more than a century of research, spinal paralysis remains untreatable via biological means. A new understanding of spinal cord physiology and the introduction of membrane fusogens have provided new hope that a biological cure may soon become available. However, proof is needed from adequately powered animal studies. Methods and results Two groups of rats (n=9, study group, n=6 controls) were submitted to complete transection of the dorsal cord at T10. The animals were randomized to receive either saline or polyethylene glycol (PEG) in situ. After 4 weeks, the treated group had recovered ambulation vs none in the control group (BBB scores; P=.0145). One control died. All animals were studied with somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). SSEP recovered postoperatively only in PEG-treated rats. At study end, DTI showed disappearance of the transection gap in the treated animals vs an enduring gap in controls (fractional anisotropy/FA at level: P=.0008). Conclusions We show for the first time in an adequately powered study that the paralysis attendant to a complete transection of the spinal cord can be reversed. This opens the path to a severance-reapposition cure of spinal paralysis, in which the injured segment is excised and the two stumps approximated after vertebrectomy/diskectomies.

Naphthols and 3-trifluoroethylidene oxindoles were found to undergo an asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation/lactonization reaction, catalyzed by only 2.5 mol % of a quinine-derived squaramide catalyst, to afford the corresponding α-aryl-β-trifluoromethyl dihydrocoumarin derivatives in high yields (up to 99 %) with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities (up to 98 % ee, >20:1 d.r.). Importantly, the lactonization proceeded by nucleophilic attack of the naphthol hydroxy group at the amide motif of the oxindoles under mild reaction conditions. This protocol represents a new strategy for the formation of dihydrocoumarins by an efficient intramolecular amide C−N bond-cleavage and esterification process.

We report herein our serendipitous discovery of the rapid and straightforward accesses to unprecedented diverse complex molecular structures from readily available starting materials. Catalyzed by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene under mild conditions

Nrf2/Keap1 pathway is associated with oxidative stress. l-carnitine is currently under preclinical evaluation as a antioxidant, but the use of l-carnitine in aquaculture has been poorly evaluated and so far no mechanism has been demonstrated. Here, we explored the effects of l-carnitine in vitro and in vivo and discussed the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Firstly, Nrf2-siRNA significantly knocked down the mRNA level of Nrf2 in FHM cells. Thus, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) and the level of antioxidant substance (GSH) and the level of MDA showed that Nrf2-siRNA pretreatment weakened the protective effect of l-carnitine. Moreover, the mRNA levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Maf and HO-1 indicated that l-carnitine regulated Nrf2/Keap1 activation. Furthermore, oxidized fish oil remarkably suppressed growth in Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski, and the lower antioxidant capacity was also observed in liver. According to the results of immune related indexes (the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, LZM, AKP) in serum and the mRNA levels of immune related genes (NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10 and TGF-β) in liver, oxidized fish oil also induced inflammatory response in fish. Also, l-carnitine supplementation can relieve this bad condition. In conclusion, l-carnitine regulated Nrf2/Keap1 activation in vitro and in vivo and protected oxidized fish oil-induced inflammation response by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski.

Remote ischemia preconditioning (RIPC) is a convenient and effective method for alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, to date, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this research was to explore the protective mechanism of RIPC on the brain after CIRI. Four groups of rats were included in this experiment: the sham group, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, the RIPC group, and the AG490 group. As an inhibitor of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), AG490 was used after MCAO in the AG490 group to explore the role of JAK2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) after CIRI. Brain tissue was collected for evaluation after 2 h of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. ELISA for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, western blot for phosphorylated-JAK2 and phosphorylated-STAT3, the neurological severity score and Longa scoring system for neurological deficit evaluation, triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining for cerebral infarction, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining for apoptotic cells in the brain tissue were performed. Neurological function in the RIPC group was notably better than that in the MCAO group. There were smaller infarction sizes and fewer apoptotic cells in the ischemic area in the RIPC group than in the MCAO group. In the RIPC group, the expression levels of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and phosphorylated-JAK2 and phosphorylated-STAT3 were significantly lower than those in the MCAO group. The findings in the RIPC and AG490 groups were similar. The inflammatory response and apoptosis are two important processes involved in brain dysfunction after CIRI. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway has an underlying relationship with these two processes. These findings suggest that RIPC can alleviate the damage to brain tissue by CIRI by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway negatively.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1 receptor) is expressed in many cancer cell types as compared to normal counterparts underscoring its potential role in tumor behavior. The aim of present study was to test the role of mGlu1 receptor in experimental non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, protein expression of mGlu1 receptor was higher in human NSCLC cell lines, including both adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma subtypes, when compared to normal bronchial epithelial cells. Inhibition of mGlu1 receptor by BAY36-7620 (an mGlu1 receptor-specific inhibitor) inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice with tumors of A549 or H1299. Treatment with BAY36-7620 suppressed AKT phosphorylation in A549 tumors and pre-treatment with BAY36-7620 blocked the L-quisqualate (a potent mGlu1 receptor agonist)-induced AKT phosphorylation in A549 cells. Treatment with BAY36-7620 reduced cellular proliferation of A549 cells. Treatment with BAY36-7620 enhanced cleaved PARP levels and reduced protein expression of bcl-2, HIF-1α, and VEGF. In contrast, treatment with L-quisqualate reduced cleaved PARP levels and enhanced protein expression of bcl-2, HIF-1α, VEGF, and IL-8, which was reversed by co-incubation with MK2206 (an AKT inhibitor). Pre-treatment with BAY36-7620 blocked the VEGF-induced AKT phosphorylation in HUVECs. Treatment of HUVECs with L-quisqualate resulted in enhancement of capillary tube formation, which was reversed by co-incubation with MK2206. Furthermore, mGlu1 receptor knockdown suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice with tumors of A549 or H1299. Collectively, inhibition of mGlu1 receptor suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis in experimental NSCLC.

Fish oil can not only provide energy for the growth and development of fish, but also constitute a variety of tissue and cellular structural components of fish. However, fish oil is easily oxidized in the process of feed processing, treatment and storage, which reduces the feed quality and threatens the health of fish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of oxidation of fish oil in feed on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas of Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski. Five diets containing five oxidation levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 meq/kg) of fish oil were formulated and fed to 525 healthy R. lagowski (4.48 ± 0.14 g) that were randomly divided into 15 glass aquariums. After 8 weeks, hepatopancreas samples were taken for fatty acid composition, and biochemical analysis. The results showed that the content of Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in muscle of R. lagowski increased significantly with the increase of oxidation degree of fish oil (P < 0.05), but there were no changes in Saturated fatty acid (SFA), Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), EPA (C20:5n3), and ∑n-6 (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of SFA, MUFA and EPA in hepatopancreas were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while DHA (C22:6n3), ∑n-3, ∑n-6, and PUFA were decreased (P < 0.05). Feeding with OFO increased hepatopancreas total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), HDL/LDL ratio, FAS, and ACCα that involved in lipid synthesis enzymes (P < 0.05), while reduced liver esterase (HL), fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) and hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase α (HSLα) enzyme activity and gene expression that associated with lipid decomposition (P < 0.05). It is suggested that the adverse effects of dietary oxidized oil may be achieved by promoting fatty acid synthesis, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation, increasing fatty acid uptake by hepatopancreas and reducing the ability of TG to transport from hepatopancreas to extrahepatic tissues, thus inducing fat accumulation in hepatopancreatic cells and further affecting lipid metabolism in hepatopancreas.

Background Due to the particularity of patients with bone tumors, the risk of periprosthetic infection following megaprosthetic replacement is much higher than that of traditional total knee arthroplasty. Unfortunately, few studies specifically reported the risk factors for periprosthetic infection following megaprosthetic replacement. The purposes of the study were to (1) establish a nomogram model which can provide a reference for clinicians and patients to reduce the occurrence of periprosthetic infection; (2) explore the risk factors for deep infection of megaprosthesis. Hypothesis A prediction model can be established and has favorable predictive accuracy. Patients and methods One hundred and seventy-seven megaprostheses were identified. There were 61 female patients and 116 male patients with a mean age of 35 years. The following risk factors were analyzed: tumor site, sex, age, material for prosthetic stem, tumor type, smoking, diabetes, length of bone resection, operation time, chemotherapy, BMI, malignant tumor staging and hematoma formation. Finally, based on the multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors were used to develop a nomogram model. Results Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the chemotherapy, longer operation time and hematoma formation were risk factors for periprosthetic infection. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the chemotherapy, longer operation time and hematoma formation were significant risk factors for periprosthetic infection. The nomogram model was established using these significant risk factors, with a C-index of 0.766 and an acceptable consistency according to the internal validation, indicating that the prediction model had favorable predictive accuracy. Discussion This study has important implications for the future investigations of prevention of periprosthetic infection. The nomogram model identifies high-risk patients for whom attached prophylaxis measures are required. Future studies regarding reduction of incidence of periprosthetic infection should pay close attention to these high-risk patients. Level of evidence IV, retrospective, cohort study.

Unreacted ammonia in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Selective Non-catalytic Reduction (SNCR) technology may be adsorbed by fly ash and lead to ash blocking in the air preheater or hindering the secondary utilization of ash. Ammonia adsorption by fly ash may have a close relationship to the concentration of ammonia in flue gas. Regarding Ximeng lignite and Yangquan anthracite as the subjects investigated, NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD) was utilized to study the relationship between ammonia chemical adsorption and mineral composition of the ash, the atmosphere of ash production, cooling rate of ash as well as the amount of residual carbon in the ash. The results show that rapid cooling and reduction atmosphere could increase the amount of amorphous phase in the ash and facilitate ammonia adsorption. On the other hand, ash with residual carbon could adsorb more ammonia than mineral ash as a result of acidic functional group on the surface of residual carbon.

Aim: Although, miR-218 has been implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process, the detailed mechanisms of miR-218 involvement in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human lung adenocarcinoma cell are still unclear. Materials & methods: miR-218 function assays and its target gene analysis were performed. Results: miR-218 suppresses human lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion and inhibits its target gene, Ecop and Robo1 expression, which subsequently suppresses NF-κB activity and its downstream targets. Conclusion: miR-218 inhibits human lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion via the suppression of Ecop and Robo1 expression, thus suggesting that miR-218 could serve as a potential therapeutic target.

A high speed, high resolution spectrum measurement system based on fiber-spectrometer was built to diagnose the high temperature hypersonic combustion flow. The theoretical models of the spectral radiance and transmittance of the hypersonic combustion flow were established in this paper. The spectral radiance and transmittance of the hypersonic combustion flow were measured at the combustion wind tunnel of BISLMV. Preliminary experiments showed that the spectral radiance behaved not like typical gas radiation but have a continuous spectrum, and the spectral transmittance of the combustion gas flow was about 0.9 in the spectral range 500-900nm without strong spectral selection. The results obtained in this paper will benefit the surface temperature measurement of the thermal protection materials of space vehicle tested at BISLMV.

Temperature is a critical parameter to diagnose the high temperature hypersonic combustion flow. A fiber-spectrometer based measurement system and the correlated theoretical models to measure the radiation temperature of the “optical thick” hypersonic combustion flow were established in this paper. The spectral responsivity of the fiber-spectrometer based measurement system was measured at NIM in lab condition, and the spectral radiance and emissivity of the hypersonic combustion flow were measured in-situ at the combustion wind tunnel of BISLMV. Preliminary experimental results showed the spectral emissivity of the combustion flow was about 0.1 in the spectral range 500-800nm without strong spectral selection, which resulted in the radiation temperature about 2200 K, with relative standard uncertainty about 10%.

SummaryAims A successful cephalosomatic anastomosis (“head transplant”) requires, among others, the ability to control long-term immune rejection and avoidance of ischemic events during the head transference phase. We developed a bicephalic model of head transplantation to study these aspects. Methods and Results The thoracic aorta and superior vena cava of a donor rat were anastomosed with the carotid artery and extracorporeal veins of a recipient rat by vascular grafts. Before thoracotomy in the donor rat, the axillary artery and vein of the donor were connected to the carotid and the extracranial vein of the third rat through a silicone tube. The silicone tube was passed through a peristaltic pump to ensure donor brain tissue blood supply. There is no ischemia reperfusion injury in donor brain tissue analyzed by electroencephalogram. Postoperative donor has pain reflex and corneal reflex. Conclusions Peristaltic pump application can guarantee the blood supply of donor brain tissue per unit time, while the application of temperature change device to the silicone tube can protect the brain tissue hypothermia, postoperative experimental data show that there is no brain tissue ischemia during the whole operation. The application of vascular grafting can also provide the possibility of long-term survival of the model.

Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing fresh fish oil and four degrees of oxidized fish oil (POV:100; 200; 300; 400) were formulated to investigate the effects of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth performance, the antioxidation function of Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski. After an 8-week feeding trial, fish fed oxidized oil diets obtained significantly lower weight gain and specific growth rate due to their lower feed efficiency and protein efficiency. With the increasing of fish oil oxidation level, MDA level of the liver significantly increased, the antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) activities and GSH content of the liver were significantly decreased, and CAT, CuZn-SOD and GSH-PX mRNA levels of the liver showed the same change trend. Further analysis showed that, Keap1 mRNA level of the liver was increased, and the Nrf2, Maf, HO-1 mRNA levels of the liver were significantly decreased. However, some parameters showed a reverse trend after the 4-week feeding. In conclusion, by checking indicators of growth performance, the main antioxidant parameters, the related genes mRNA levels, the present study showed that dietary oxidized fish oil can induce oxidative damage in R. lagowski Dybowski.

In this study, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and roxithromycin examples, general family of farmers livestock and poultry breeding point scale livestock and poultry breeding plant in Shenyang, Tieling and Fushun representative soil samples and the application of livestock manure are sampled and analyzed, in order to understand the situation of the antibiotic residues in manure in these regions and application of antibiotic residues in soil containing antibiotics in livestock and poultry manure.

In recent years, the environmental impact of antibiotic pollution from animal manure has gradually become the focus of attention. The compost is a common method for degradation of antibiotics, the rapid degradation of antibiotics can be achieved by adjusting the different compost conditions. Biosurfactants caused all the attention as a new class of surfactants, biosurfactants used in compost will have an impact on the degradation of antibiotics in livestock and poultry manure.

Effective carrier system comprises carrier beds which transport hydrocarbons. The spatial and temporal effectiveness of carrier system is identified according to the relevance of hydrocarbon show, hydrocarbon inclusion and sealing ability of fault to hydrocarbons distribution, together with matching relation of activity history of fault and hydrocarbon generation history of source rock. On the basis of the above considerations, transporting ability of effective carrier system can be evaluated using parameters such as fluid potential, porosity and permeability, spatial coefficient of effective pathway as well as activity rate of fault. Additionally, a new concept of “transporting threshold porosity” was proposed. Five styles of effective carrier systems were established in Gaoyou Sag, displaying either layered or zonal distribution characteristics, and transporting time ranges from the sedimentary time of E2d2 to early stage of sanduo uplift. Effective carrier systems can be described to be lowly-efficient and highly-efficient. Major faults (convex or steep fault plane) with activity rate greater than 20 m/Ma and structure ridges of sand layers with spatial coefficient of effective pathway greater than 25% are defined to be highly-efficient carrier beds. Hydrocarbons are concentrated around high-efficient carrier beds and E1f traps of northern shanian area are predicted to have great potential.

In order to overcome the weakness of semi-rigidity base layer，the road performance of the SRX(Solution Road RomixSoilfix) stabilized base material and the mechanics response of asphalt pavement with the base layer stabilized by SRX have been studied in this paper. The CBR value and resilient modulus of SRX stabilized base material were given by indoor test. Based on the multiple layer elastic theory, both the mechanical responses of asphalt pavement structure with the SRX stabilized base and semi-rigid base were given, and according to the calculation results, the two kinds of pavement structure fatigue life were analyzed. The results have shown that the CBR value of SRX flexible material is greater than that of graded crushed stone; the SRX stable material can be used as pavement base layer, but the fatigue performance of SRX flexible base materials should be paid much attention.

Relative to other economically important marine animals, there is limited knowledge of the reproductive characteristics of the male Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. In this study, the structure of the male reproductive system of C. quadricarinatus and the progression of spermatogenesis were examined histologically and using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The male reproductive system of C. quadricarinatus is composed of paired testes, vasa deferentia, and genital appendixes. Each testis has a non-branched collecting duct and numerous attached seminal acini. Spermatogenesis occurs mainly in the seminal acini. Germ cell development is synchronous within each acinus, but not between different acini. Spermatids, formed after meiosis, undergo a complicated metamorphosis until the aflagellate spermatozoa are finally formed. Early in the metamorphosis, a highly convoluted membrane lamellar system is assembled in the cytoplasm as the chromatin begins to condense. The convolute...

[The biochemical composition and the activity of five digestive enzymes of embryos were studied during embryonic development in the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868), in order to investigate the relationship between embryonic development and the utilization of yolk. Carbohydrates remained a minor constituent of the yolk as a whole. The contents of total proteins and total amino acids (TAA) were all observed to decrease. Among the essential amino acids (EAA), the contents of leucine and arginine were relatively high, while of the non-essential amino acids (NEAA), the most important components were glutamine and aspartic acid. The contents of total lipids (TL) decreased during embryonic development, and the predominant fatty acids of both neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9, and C18:3ω3. The five digestive enzymes tested all showed changes in their activities. The specific activities of pepsin and trypsin gradually increased in the earlier stages of embryonic development, pepsin decreased rapidly in later stages, while trypsin still kept a high level of activity. The specific activity of amylase changed in a "V" shape and reached high values again in later stages. The specific activities of cellulase and lipase showed relatively low values. It is shown that carbohydrates may play an important role in synthesizing many specific compounds to participate in signal transmission and in forming the carapace. Proteins and lipids were the dominating construction and energy substances; proteins were primarily consumed in the early stages, as against lipids in later stages. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) (16:0 and 18:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (16:1ω7 and 18:1ω9) were always used for energetic purposes and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3) were important as structural components of cell membranes and in the development of the central nervous system. The activities of the digestive enzymes were controlled by their genes and expressed sequentially during embryonic development. They hydrolyse the yolk and provide construction substances and energy sources for the formation of tissues, organs, and various systems in general. La composition biochimique et l'activite de cinq enzymes digestives d'embryons ont ete etudiees au cours du developpement embryonnaire de l'ecrevisse a patte rouge, Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868), dans le but d'investiguer les inter-relations entre le developpement embryonnaire et l'utilisation du vitellus. Les glucides representent un constituant mineur du vitellus. Les contenus en proteines totales et en acides amines totaux (TAA) diminuent. Parmi les AA essentiels (EAA), les contenus en leucine et arginine ont ete relativement eleves, tandis que parmi les acides amines non-essentiels (NEAA), les composes les plus importants ont ete la glutamine et l'acide aspartique. Les contenus en lipides totaux (TL) diminuent au cours du developpement embryonnaire, et les acides gras predominants parmi, a la fois les lipides neutres (NL) et les lipides polaires (PL), etaient C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9, et C18:3ω3. Les cinq enzymes digestives testees montrent toutes un changement dans leur activite. Les activites specifiques de la pepsine et de la trypsine augmentent progressivement au cours des premiers stades du developpement embryonnaire, la pepsine decroit rapidement dans les derniers stades, tandis que la trypsine conserve un degre d'activite eleve. L'activite specifique de l'amylase change selon une forme en V et atteint a nouveau un niveau eleve dans les derniers stades. Les activites specifiques de la cellulase et de la lipase montrent des valeurs relativement basses. Il est montre que les glucides pourraient jouer un role important en synthetisant de nombreux composes specifiques pour participer au signal de transmission et a la formation de la carapace. Les proteines et les lipides ont ete les substances dominantes pour la construction et l'energie; les proteines ont ete prioritairement utilisees dans les jeunes stades et les lipides dans les derniers stades. Les acides gras satures (SFA) (16:0 et 18:0) et les acides gras mono-unsatures (MUFA) (16:1ω7 et 18:1ω9) ont toujours ete utilises pour les besoins energetiques, et les acides gras poly-unsatures (PUFA) (20:5ω3 et 22:6ω3) ont ete important comme composes structurels des membranes cellulaires et dans le developpement du systeme nerveux. Les activites des enzymes digestives ont ete controlees par leur genes et exprimes sequentiellement au cours du developpement. Elles hydrolysent le vitellus et fournissent les substances de construction et la source d'energie pour la formation des tissus, des organes et des differents systemes., The biochemical composition and the activity of five digestive enzymes of embryos were studied during embryonic development in the redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868), in order to investigate the relationship between embryonic development and the utilization of yolk. Carbohydrates remained a minor constituent of the yolk as a whole. The contents of total proteins and total amino acids (TAA) were all observed to decrease. Among the essential amino acids (EAA), the contents of leucine and arginine were relatively high, while of the non-essential amino acids (NEAA), the most important components were glutamine and aspartic acid. The contents of total lipids (TL) decreased during embryonic development, and the predominant fatty acids of both neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL) were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9, and C18:3ω3. The five digestive enzymes tested all showed changes in their activities. The specific activities of pepsin and trypsin gradually increased in the earlier stages of embryonic development, pepsin decreased rapidly in later stages, while trypsin still kept a high level of activity. The specific activity of amylase changed in a "V" shape and reached high values again in later stages. The specific activities of cellulase and lipase showed relatively low values. It is shown that carbohydrates may play an important role in synthesizing many specific compounds to participate in signal transmission and in forming the carapace. Proteins and lipids were the dominating construction and energy substances; proteins were primarily consumed in the early stages, as against lipids in later stages. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) (16:0 and 18:0) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (16:1ω7 and 18:1ω9) were always used for energetic purposes and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3) were important as structural components of cell membranes and in the development of the central nervous system. The activities of the digestive enzymes were controlled by their genes and expressed sequentially during embryonic development. They hydrolyse the yolk and provide construction substances and energy sources for the formation of tissues, organs, and various systems in general. La composition biochimique et l'activite de cinq enzymes digestives d'embryons ont ete etudiees au cours du developpement embryonnaire de l'ecrevisse a patte rouge, Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868), dans le but d'investiguer les inter-relations entre le developpement embryonnaire et l'utilisation du vitellus. Les glucides representent un constituant mineur du vitellus. Les contenus en proteines totales et en acides amines totaux (TAA) diminuent. Parmi les AA essentiels (EAA), les contenus en leucine et arginine ont ete relativement eleves, tandis que parmi les acides amines non-essentiels (NEAA), les composes les plus importants ont ete la glutamine et l'acide aspartique. Les contenus en lipides totaux (TL) diminuent au cours du developpement embryonnaire, et les acides gras predominants parmi, a la fois les lipides neutres (NL) et les lipides polaires (PL), etaient C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9, et C18:3ω3. Les cinq enzymes digestives testees montrent toutes un changement dans leur activite. Les activites specifiques de la pepsine et de la trypsine augmentent progressivement au cours des premiers stades du developpement embryonnaire, la pepsine decroit rapidement dans les derniers stades, tandis que la trypsine conserve un degre d'activite eleve. L'activite specifique de l'amylase change selon une forme en V et atteint a nouveau un niveau eleve dans les derniers stades. Les activites specifiques de la cellulase et de la lipase montrent des valeurs relativement basses. Il est montre que les glucides pourraient jouer un role important en synthetisant de nombreux composes specifiques pour participer au signal de transmission et a la formation de la carapace. Les proteines et les lipides ont ete les substances dominantes pour la construction et l'energie; les proteines ont ete prioritairement utilisees dans les jeunes stades et les lipides dans les derniers stades. Les acides gras satures (SFA) (16:0 et 18:0) et les acides gras mono-unsatures (MUFA) (16:1ω7 et 18:1ω9) ont toujours ete utilises pour les besoins energetiques, et les acides gras poly-unsatures (PUFA) (20:5ω3 et 22:6ω3) ont ete important comme composes structurels des membranes cellulaires et dans le developpement du systeme nerveux. Les activites des enzymes digestives ont ete controlees par leur genes et exprimes sequentiellement au cours du developpement. Elles hydrolysent le vitellus et fournissent les substances de construction et la source d'energie pour la formation des tissus, des organes et des differents systemes.]

Morphogenesis and variations in biochemical composition of the eggs of the prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense were studied during embryonic development. Eight morphological stages were defined. These are: the fertilized egg, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, egg-nauplius, egg-metanauplius, protozoea, and zoea. The whole embryogenesis lasts about 25 days at a water temperature of 18-22 ° C. Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates were the main components of the embryos. During early embryonic development, protein content generally increased while the contents of lipid and carbohydrate decreased. It is suggested that the proteins in the yolk were used mainly in structural growth, whereas the lipids and carbohydrates were mainly used as energy sources. Lipid content increased while protein content decreased in the protozoea stage, showing that lipid is an important structural substance and protein can be utilized as an energy source, especially in late embryonic stages. Variations in biochemical composition were closely related to events in morphogenesis during embryonic development. The embryonic developmental stages used in the present study may be applied to other embryonic developmental studies of Macrobrachium , and be applicable in other palaemonids as well.

Background: A superficial abdominal surgical incision elicits cardioprotection against cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. This process, called remote preconditioning of trauma (RPCT), has both an early and a late phase. Previous investigations have demonstrated that early RPCT reduces cardiac infarct size by 80% to 85%. We evaluated the cardioprotective and molecular mechanisms of late-phase RPCT in a murine I/R injury model. Methods: Wild-type mice, bradykinin (BK) 2 receptor knockout mice, 3M transgenic mice (nuclear factor κB [NF-κb] repressor inhibitor of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha [IκBα(S32A, S36A, Y42F)]), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) knockout mice were analyzed using a previously established I/R injury model. A noninvasive abdominal surgical incision was made 24 hours prior to I/R injury and the infarct size was determined at 24 hours post-I/R injury. Results: The results indicated that a strong cardioprotective effect occurred during late-phase RPCT (58.42% ± 1.89% sham vs 29.41% ± 4.00% late RPCT, mean area of the infarct divided by the mean area of the risk region; P ≤ .05; n = 10). Furthermore, pharmacological intervention revealed the involvement of neurogenic signaling in the beneficial effects of late RPCT via sensory and sympathetic thoracic nerves. Pharmacological experiments in transgenic mice-implicated BK receptors, β-adrenergic receptors, protein kinase C, and NF-κB but not iNOS signaling in the cardioprotective effects of late RPCT. Conclusion: Late RPCT significantly decreased myocardial infarct size via neurogenic transmission and various other signaling pathways. This protective mechanism differentiates late and early RPCT. This study describes a new cardiac I/R injury prevention method and refines the concept of RPCT.

Effects of different waterborne copper concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.10, 1.00, and 5.00 mg/l) on microstructures of gill and hepatopancreas, and in inducing metallothionein (MT) synthesis were studied in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinennsis. The results indicated that copper accumulation caused histologic damage to gill and hepatopancreas and induced MT synthesis in hepatopancreas. No significant differences were found in microstructures between 0.01 mg/l copper treatment and the control group. Exposure to copper concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/l for 10 days resulted in irregularly thickened lamella, enlarged haemocoels, increased hemocytes, and damaged or disassembled epithelia in gill. Similarly, in hepatopancreas, the spaces of the small blind tubules decreased, and nuclei of the epithelia were karyopycnosised or karyorhexised. Also, the basement membranes were rumpled or even ruptured, with new vacuoles formed between the basement membrane and the simple columnar epithelia. MT measurements showed no significant differences in MT contents between the control group and the group treated with 0.01 mg/l waterborne copper. Maximum MT content was observed at the treatment level of 0.10 mg/l waterborne copper.

Two growth trials were conducted with Litopenaeus vannamei to evaluate effects of dietary protein and water exchange on survival, growth and water quality. In both trials, protein levels were 12, 15, 20, 26 and 35%. In the first trial, 6.21 g juvenile shrimp were stocked for 23 days at either zero or high (2750% daily) water exchange. At high exchange, survival was greater than 93% for all protein levels. Final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) increased with protein level from 12% to 20% (P < 0:05). FBW and WG at 20 and 26% protein were lower than that at 35% protein. At zero exchange, survival decreased with protein above 20%. At zero exchange, water quality decreased (high ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and low pH, alkalinity) with protein greater than 15%. WG with 12% protein was greater at zero exchange than at high exchange. In the second trial, 0.22 g postlarvae were stocked for 26 days at either zero or high (5440% daily) water exchange. At high exchange, survival was 90% or greater for all protein levels. FBW and WG increased with protein level from 12% to 20% (P < 0:05). At zero exchange, FBW and WG were maximum with 20% protein. Survival was lowest at 35% protein. For 35% protein, survival was lower at zero than at high exchange. For all protein levels except 35%, WG was higher at zero than at high exchange. The results suggest that lower protein diets can replace high protein (35%) commercial diets and obtain high growth rate for both juvenile and postlarvae L. vannamei at zero exchange. Further, a 20% protein diet, which contained 25.3% marine animal meals, was adequate for shrimp growth, survival and water quality at zero exchange.

A growth trial was conducted with Litopenaeus vannamei to evaluate effects of dietary vitamin and mineral supplementation (VMS) and water exchange on survival, growth and water quality. Four levels (0, 25, 50 and 100%) of VMS were evaluated using a 20% protein base diet. Postlarvae weighing 0.22 g were stocked for 26 days with either zero or high (5440% daily) water exchange. Growth was greater at zero than high exchange. However, growth was not affected by the level of VMS at both high and zero exchange. Survival for 0% VMS was lower than survivals for 25 to 100% VMS at high exchange. For 0% VMS, survival at high exchange was lower than survival at zero exchange. Results suggested that at zero water exchange, diets without VMS can replace diets with VMS without reducing survival.

From October 2010 to July 2011, an investigation was conducted on the zooplankton communities in reclaimed and natural waters in Nanhui east tidal flat to study the seasonal variations of the zooplankton's species composition, abundance, biomass, dominant species, and biodiversity, aimed to explore the differences in the zooplankton's community structure within and outside the reclaimed waters and the relationships of the community structure with several indispensable environmental factors such as water salinity, water temperature, and human activities. A total of 30 zooplankton species were identified, among which, 24 species were in reclaimed waters and dominated by rotifers, and 14 species were in natural waters and dominated by copepods. The average abundance of the zooplankton was obviously higher in reclaimed waters than in natural waters, but the average biomass was in adverse. The dominant species in reclaimed waters were freshwater species, such as Brachionus angularis, B. calyciflorus, and Mesocyclops leuckarti, while those in natural waters were brackish species, such as Sinocalanus sinensis, Schmackeria poplesia, and Tortanus vermiculus. Both in reclaimed and in natural waters, the dominant species had seasonal alternation. The Shannon index (H) and Pielou evenness index (J) of the zooplankton communities were higher in natural waters, but the Margalef species richness (d) and simplicity index (C) were higher in reclaimed waters. Cluster analysis and MDS evaluation indicated that there was an obvious difference in the community structure of zooplankton between reclaimed and natural waters. Reclamation could be the primary cause for the variations of the zooplankton's community structure in reclaimed waters, and environmental factors such as water salinity and tidal power also contributed to the variations.

Feature selection is viewed as an important preprocessing step for pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining. It is used to find an optimal subset to reduce computational cost, increase the classification accuracy and improve result comprehensibility. In this paper, a weighted distance learning approach is introduced to minimize Leaving-One-Out classification error using a gradient descent algorithm. The quality of features is evaluated with the learned weight and the features with great weights are considered to be useful for classification. Experimental analysis shows that the proposed approach has better performance than several state-of-the-art methods.

By using the PAGE (Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis), the effect of water-borne Cu2+ on the isozymes in gills of E. sinensis was studied. The experimental groups were treated with different concentration of Cu2+ as 0.01, 0.10, 1.00, and 5.00 mg/l, respectively. The results showed that different isozymes had specific responses. The activity of LDH and MDH decreased gradually along with the increasing of Cu2+ level. Increasing of Cu2+ level followed by decreasing of ALP was observed, and the variation of EST wasn't significant. These isozymes variations reflected the toxic effects of Cu2+ sensitively.

Key to Chinese species of the indubius group 1. Pronotum with median longitudinal furrow; elytra with surface very uneven; 4 th to 6 th abdominal segments with tergites and sternites distinctly separated (Hemistenus)............................................................ 2 - Pronotum without median longitudinal furrow; elytra with surface weakly uneven; 4 th to 6 th abdominal segments with tergites and sternites completely fused without joint suture (Hypostenus)....................... 4 2. Abdominal punctation denser, interstices on 3 rd to 7 th abdominal tergites distinctly smaller than half diameter of punctures; posterior margin of 7 th abdominal sternite of male without emargination. Aedeagus as in Fig. 11, spermatheca as in Fig. 13. BL: 4.0��� 4.2 mm. China: Sichuan.......................................... ................................................................................................................... S. pectorifossatus Tang, sp. nov. - Abdominal punctation sparser, interstices on 3 rd to 7 th abdominal tergites smaller than half diameter of punctures; posterior margin of 7 th abdominal sternite of male with slight median emargination.............. 3 3. Body larger (BL: 3.8���4.2 mm); median longitudinal furrow and impressions on pronotum very deep. Aedeagus as in Fig. 16, spermatheca as in Fig. 18. China: Sichuan......... S. erlangshanus Tang, sp. nov. - Body smaller (BL: 3.0��� 3.7 mm); median longitudinal furrow and impressions on pronotum relatively shallow. Aedeagus as in Fig. 6, spermatheca as in Fig. 8.. China: Sichuan... S. zhuxiaoyui Tang, sp. nov. 4. Body larger (BL: 4.3���4.8 mm), elytra shorter (EL: EW= 43.5: 47.0). Aedeagus as in Fig. 9 (in Tang & Li 2005), spermatheca as in Fig. 10 (in Tang & Li 2005). China: Anhui......... S. guniujiangensis Tang & Li - Body smaller (BL: 3.3���3.5 mm), elytra longer (EL: EW=38.0: 37.5). Aedeagus as in Fig. 5 (in Tang & Li 2005), spermatheca as in Fig. 6 (in Tang & Li 2005). China: Anhui ................... S. paradecens Tang & Li, Published as part of Tang, Liang & Yun-Long, Zhao, 2008, Three new Stenus species of the indubius group (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from China, pp. 51-58 in Zootaxa 1741 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181503, {"references":["Tang, L. & Li, L. - Z. (2005) Two new species of Stenus from Anhui Province, East China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). [In Chinese] In: Ren, G. D. (Ed.) Classification and Diversity of Insects in China. China Agriculture Science and Technology Press, Beijing, pp. 106 - 109."]}