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Realizing conical spin order and magnetoelectric coupling by Jahn–Teller Cu2+ in SrFe12O19 ceramics.

Regulating the abundance of oxygen vacancies over α-MnO2 nanocatalysts achieves the oriented generation of 1O2 for efficient degradation of pharmaceuticals.

Background: Paeonol (Pae), the main active compound of the root of Paeonia albiflora, is efficacious in treating atherosclerosis (AS). Endothelial dysfunction is throughout the pathological progression of AS. It is expected that inhibition of Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) will be a key target for AS treatment. Objective: In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the regulatory effect of Pae on EndMT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: Cell cytotoxicity, proliferation, and migration were detected by CCK-8, the wound healing assay, and EdU staining, respectively. The protein expressions were measured by Western blot or immunofluorescence staining. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to indicate endothelial cells undergoing EndMT in ApoE-/- mice. In vitro TGF-β1-induced EndMT assays were performed in HUVECs and the effect of Pae was explored. Results: We demonstrated that Pae could improve induced TGF-β1-EndMT in vivo and in vitro. Mechanism study revealed that Pae directly bonds to the activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5, also known as TGFβ type I receptor), inhibited downstream Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and thus alleviated EndMT. Notably, overexpression of ALK5 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of Pae on EndMT in HUVECs. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ALK5 is a promising druggable target for AS, and pharmacological regulation of ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling pathway with small-molecule holds great potential to benefit AS patients.

Coal samples from the Shanxi Shaping coal mine were selected to investigate the occurrence of H2S in low sulfur coal seams. The adsorption mechanism of coal to H2S was explored, and an occurrence equation for H2S in coal seams was fitted through adsorption experiment results. The results showed that under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, the H2S adsorbed by coal reached equilibrium within 24 h. The increase in H2S concentrations and the moisture content of coal samples resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity of H2S. Chemical adsorption of H2S by the coal also occurred. The total sulfur content in the coal increased, and water promoted the conversion from H2S to sulfur in coal. After adsorption, most of the H2S remains in the coal structure in the form of inorganic sulfur, such as sulfur hydride, iron sulfide sulfur, and monomeric sulfur, and a small proportion of H2S is bonded in the structure of the coal in the form of organic sulfur such as thiophene, C-S-C, and C-SH. Therefore, the higher the total sulfur content in coal, the greater the occurrence of H2S. The total amount of H2S increased exponentially with the concentration of free H2S and the moisture content of coal at equilibrium. This meant that the total amount of H2S in the coal seam could be estimated by fitting an equation according to the concentration of free H2S and the moisture content of coal seams. The concentration of free H2S decreased linearly with the increase in moisture content of the coal, therefore, the concentration of H2S in space could be reduced by injecting water into coal seams.

The impact of domestic waste separation in each province needs to be arranged taking into account the actual situation of carbon emission control, so that the situation of carbon emission control of domestic waste separation is more reasonable. This paper establishes an entropy weighting model to analyze all the factors influencing the development of carbon emission control of domestic waste separation, so that we can get the weights of carbon emission control caused by the carbon emission control index of domestic waste separation. A comprehensive evaluation model is established to score the relevant indicators using the previous weights, so as to be able to derive the amount of influence and compare the influence caused by carbon emission control, so as to complete the classification and get the correlation between municipal domestic waste classification and carbon peak carbon neutrality. For its future development path to be analyzed, suggestions are given and the study is completed.

Biomass pyrolysis to produce bio-char is one of the scientific and effective means of utilizing biomass resources. Differ from previous studies, this paper explored the effect of pyrolysis temperature (400–1000 °C) on the adsorption capacity of hazelnut shell bio-char from two perspectives, including physical macroscopic structure and functional group microscopic adsorption, and the practical adsorption application tests on common 7 kinds of heavy metals in polluted water were further carried out. The results showed that the yield and adsorption of bio-char prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures varied significantly, as the temperature increased, bio-char yield and surface acid functional group content decreased, the adsorption rate on most of heavy metals increased firstly and then decreased (except for Cr6+), the adsorption capacity of bio-char prepared at above 600 °C was mainly affected by physical macroscopic structure, and at 800 °C, bio-char had a large number of pore structures, and pore structure has been fully developed, iodine adsorption value and BET specific surface area were 595.36 mg/g and 197.32 mg/m2, respectively, the adsorption effect of bio-char on Cr6+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ were best, and the adsorption rates were 45.23%, 44.14%, 60.11%, 61.28% and 65.07% respectively. It revealed that although the absorption effect of bio-chars prepared at different temperatures on different heavy metals had a great variation, large specific surface area and developed pore structure still played important role in the adsorption capacity of bio-char. These provided a reference for the application of hazelnut shell bio-char based on adsorption properties, especially absorbing heavy metals in polluted water.

Background In Wilson’s disease (WD) patients, network connections across the brain are disrupted, affecting multidomain function. While the details of this neuropathophysiological mechanism remain unclear due to the rarity of WD. In this study, we aimed to investigate alterations in brain network connectivity at the whole-brain level (both intra- and inter-network) in WD patients through independent component analysis (ICA) and the relationship between alterations in these brain network functional connections (FCs) and clinical neuropsychiatric features to understand the underlying pathophysiological and central compensatory mechanisms.Methods 85 patients with WD and age- and sex-matched 85 healthy control (HC) were recruited for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning. We extracted the resting-state networks (RSNs) using the ICA method, analyzed the changes of FC in these networks and the correlation between alterations in FCs and clinical neuropsychiatric features.Results Compared with HC, WD showed widespread lower connectivity within RSNs, involving default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), somatomotor network (SMN), dorsal attention network (DAN). Furthermore, the decreased FCs in the left medial prefrontal cortex (L_ MPFC), left anterior cingulate gyrus (L_ACC), precuneus (PCUN)within DMN were negatively correlated with the Unified Wilson’s Disease Rating Scale-neurological characteristic examination (UWDRS-N), and the decreased FCs in the L_MPFC, PCUN within DMN were negatively correlated with the Unified Wilson’s Disease Rating Scale-psychiatric symptoms examination (UWDRS-P). We additionally discovered that the patients with WD exhibited significantly stronger FC between the FPN and DMN, between the DAN and DMN, and between the FPN and DAN compared to HC.Conclusions we have provided evidence that WD is a disease with widespread dysfunctional connectivity in resting networks in brain, leading to neurological features and psychiatric symptoms (e.g. higher-order cognitive control and motor control impairments). The altered intra- and inter-network in the brain may be the neural underpinnings for the neuropathological symptoms and the process of injury compensation in WD patients.

Realizing enhanced energy storage performance by introducing SrTiO3 (ST) to Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT).

The Yuanjiang marble-hosted ruby deposit lies in the central segment of the Ailao Shan metamorphic massif of the Ailao Shan-Red River metamorphic belt. The mineralizing fluid and age were characterized by detailed petrography, Raman spectroscopy, microthermometry, and in situ titanite laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry dating. Some fluid inclusions in the corundum show an interesting morphology with a diaspore crystal fully separating the whole inclusion into two smaller inclusions. This morphological feature can be explained by morphological ripening and subsequent reactions between the trapped H2O and the host corundum during the cooling of the inclusion. Fluid inclusions in the ruby belong to the system CO2–H2S–COS–S8–H2S2–CH4–AlO(OH) with various daughter minerals, including diaspore, gibbsite, and native sulfur (S8). The observed seven-component fluid inclusion composition can be explained by two steps: (1) original fluid inclusion capture during deposit formation with compositions including CO2, H2S, COS, CH4, S8, and H2S2, and (2) post-entrapment fluid inclusion modification, such as diaspore and gibbsite. The presence of hydrous minerals in fluid inclusions strongly supports the idea that water was once present in the initial fluids. In the Yuanjiang deposit, petrographic evidence shows that titanite formed simultaneously with ruby, and U-Pb dating of titanite allows us to conclude that the ruby mineralization formed at 23.4 ± 0.3 Ma, in other words during the Himalayan orogeny.

Ceramic nanofiber membrane (CNM) based on attapulgite (APT) without any intermediate layer neither any cracks was fabricated by a one-step dip-coating method. The effects of sintering temperature and dip-coating time on the physicochemical properties and performances of prepared CNMs were investigated. The increase of the sintering temperature up to 700 °C reduced the bending strength, porosity and chemical stability of APT-based CNMs. Meanwhile, with the dip-coating time increased, the membrane thickness increased thereafter reduced. The APT-based CNM fabricated at a sintering temperature of 600 °C and with a dip-coating time of 15 s had an average pore size of 20.4 nm, high porosity (above 60 %), good permeability of 118 L/m2 h bar and a rejection of 96.6 % polymers with a molecule weight of 600 kDa. All these properties clearly suggest the practicability of the one-step dip-coating method to prepare ceramic nanofiber membranes.

BackgroundConventionally, serum ceruloplasmin levels below the lower reference limit (0. 20 g/L) is considered a diagnostic cutoff point for Wilson's disease (WD). However, the lower reference limit varies with assay methodologies and the individuals in the included studies. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal cutoff value of serum ceruloplasmin levels for the diagnosis of WD in a large Chinese cohort and to identify factors associated with serum ceruloplasmin.MethodsThe cutoff value of ceruloplasmin levels was developed based on a retrospective derivation cohort of 3,548 subjects (1,278 patients with WD and 2,270 controls) and was validated in a separate validation cohort of 313 subjects (203 patients with WD and 110 controls). The performance of immunoassay was tested by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and differences among the groups were analyzed by using the Mann–Whitney U-test and the Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsThe conventional cutoff of serum ceruloplasmin levels of ConclusionOur work determined the optimal cutoff value of serum ceruloplasmin levels for the diagnosis of WD and identified differences in serum ceruloplasmin levels with respect to the age of symptom onset and ATP7B mutations, which may provide some valuable insights into the diagnosis and counsel of patients with WD.

This paper proposed a 5.6 kW 11.7 kW/kg four-phase interleaved buck converter (FPIBC) for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-voltage power system. The UAV mainly concerns the lightweight strategy and the power density of the DC-DC converter. We proposed a comprehensive lightweight strategy with the characteristics of reduced inductor current ripples, small size of filter inductors and capacitors, and high output power. The output current ripples are reduced by using interleaved modulation strategy and integrated CLC filters cascaded to the input side and output side respectively. In addition, the aluminum based printed circuit board (PCB) is used with SMD power transistors to obtain better heat dissipation capability without fans. With abovementioned methods, the designed DC-DC converter has a power of 5.6 kW @ 0.48 kg, the power-to-weight ratio is improved to be 11.7 kW/kg, and the power density is 3 W/cm3. The efficiency of this DC-DC converter is up to 95.8%.

To solve the contradiction between particle size and color performance, an ultrafine V-ZrSiO4 pigment was successfully synthesized by sol–gel-microemulsion-hydrothermal (S-G-M-H) method in this paper. Meanwhile, the effects of hydrothermal time on the chromatic parameter, particle size distribution, phase composition, valence bond species and microstructure of the precursor and pigment were systematically investigated. Moreover, the color deterioration mechanism of V-ZrSiO4 nano-grain pigment was also revealed. The results demonstrate that the median diameter (D50) of the obtained V-ZrSiO4 pigment is only 0.972 μm. Besides, the synthesized pigment has vivid blue hue and superior tinting strength. As the increase of hydrothermal time, the particle size of V-ZrSiO4 pigment decreases, while the color performance of the pigment deteriorates. The color deterioration mechanism is attributed to the dual effects of the reduction of vanadium content in the outer layers of pigment particles and the enhancement of visible light reflection intensity.

The mechanism of ferrite nucleation induced by different oxide particles was studied in this article. The inclusion insertion experiment as a simulated experiment was carried out using different oxide powders on a thermal simulator under certain heat treatment conditions. The main results showed that the chemical influences of oxide particles on ferrite nucleation are difficult to occur under solid-phase transformation conditions. The change of microstructure near the oxide particles may be related to the effect of thermal properties of oxide particles. Heat conduction performance of oxide particles may cause slower heat dissipation around the oxide particles, resulting in the variation of temperature gradient near the oxide particles. This temperature gradient may lead to the increasing diffusion of carbon atoms, which increases the driving force of ferrite nucleation and growth. The effect of thermal properties of oxide particles on ferrite phase transformation seems to provide a new insight for the study of the mechanism of acicular ferrite nucleation induced by inclusions in low carbon steels.

An equigenerated monomial ideal [Formula: see text] in the polynomial ring [Formula: see text] is a Freiman ideal if [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the analytic spread of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the least number of monomial generators of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we classify certain classes of Borel-type ideals, including Borel ideals with multiple Borel generators and principal [Formula: see text]-Borel ideals, which are Freiman.

Over the past several decades, Arps decline curve analysis (DCA) has proved to be effective and efficient for production forecasts and EUR estimates due to its simplicity and applicability. However, as multi-stage hydraulically-fractured horizontal wells have unlocked the economic potential of unconventional reservoirs, forecasting future production accurately using Arps decline models becomes more challenging because of the complicated fluid flow mechanisms characterizing stimulated multi-layered ultra-low permeability porous media. Many field studies indicate unreliable forecasts and limitations in multi-layered field applications in particular. This paper presents a Mittag-Leffler (ML) function decline model which enhances the reliability of forecasts for multi-layered unconventional oil reservoirs by honoring anomalous diffusion physics for each layer. Many traditional decline curve models fail to honor the sub- or super-diffusion phenomenon under the paradigm of anomalous diffusion. The general form of our proposed two-factor ML function consolidates anomalous diffusion and classical diffusion into a single model, specifically including Arps hyperbolic, harmonic, exponential decline models and the stretched exponential decline model (SEPD) as special cases. Comparisons show that the ML model falls between the predictions of Arps and SEPD models in which the estimates are consistently either "overly optimistic" or "too conservative." For a multi-fractured horizontal well, the fracture height partially penetrating different layers leads to a layer-wise flow pattern which is reflected and captured in the production profile by curve-fitting the corresponding ML function parameters. We provide a workflow to guarantee consistency when applying the approach to each layer in field cases. We applied the workflow to one synthetic case using embedded discrete fracture modeling (EDFM) and to two field cases. We used hindcasting to demonstrate efficacy of the model by matching early-to-middle time production histories, forecasting future production, and comparing forecasted performance to hidden histories as well as to the corresponding EURs. The comparisons demonstrate the validity and reliability of the proposed ML function decline curve model for multi-layered unconventional oil reservoirs. Overall, this study shows that the novel ML-function DCA model is a robust alternative to forecast production and EUR in multi-layered unconventional oil reservoirs. The workflow presented was validated using one synthetic case and two actual field cases. This method further provides unique insight into multi-fractured horizontal well production profile characterization and facilitates well-spacing optimization, thereby improving reservoir development in layered unconventional reservoirs.

Introduction: Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux (OPBR) causes chronic inflammation of the gallbladder and associated mucosal malignant changes, but its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic mechanism in OPBR through untargeted metabolomic analysis of bile collected during surgery. Methods Patients undergoing surgery for gallstones between December 2020 and May 2021 were eligible for inclusion. There were 30 OPBR patients and 338 non-OPBR patients, and 30 non-OPBR patients were randomly selected as normal controls. Metabolomics analysis was performed based on bile samples from patients in the OPBR group. Results The principal component analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that 30 metabolites were significantly different between patients with OPBR compared to controls. Among these characteristic metabolites, palmitic acid and arachidonic acid are known to be involved in gallstone formation, methionine and lysophosphatidylcholine are known to be associated with carcinogenesis. Conclusions The present study suggested that an LC/MS-based metabolomic studies provide an efficient and promising method for identifying potential biomarkers of OPBR. The identified characteristic metabolites in the OPBR group were significantly different to the control group.

Room temperature grown Fe monolayer (ML) on the Ir(111) single crystal substrate has attracted great research interests as nano-skyrmion lattice can form under proper growth conditions. The formation of the nanoscale skyrmion, however, appears to be greatly affected by the diffusion length of the Fe adatoms on the Ir(111) surface. We made this observation by employing spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy to study skyrmion formation upon systematically changing the impurity density on the substrate surface prior to Fe deposition. Since the substrate surface impurities serve as pinning centers for Fe adatoms, the eventual size and shape of the Fe islands exhibit a direct correlation with the impurity density, which in turn determines whether skyrmion can be formed. Our observation indicates that skyrmion only forms when the impurity density is below 0.006/nm2, i.e., 12 nm averaged spacing between the neighboring defects. We verify the significance of Fe diffusion length by growing Fe on clean Ir(111) substrate at low temperature of 30 K, where no skyrmion was observed to form. Our findings signify the importance of diffusion of Fe atoms on the Ir(111) substrate, which affects the size, shape and lattice perfection of the Fe islands and thus the formation of skyrmion lattice.

Background: Neuroimaging studies in Wilson’s disease (WD) have identified various alterations in white matter (WM) microstructural organization. However, it remains unclear whether these alterations are localized to specific regions of fiber tracts, and what diagnostic value they might have. The purpose of this study is to explore the spatial profile of WM abnormalities along defined fiber tracts in WD and its clinical relevance. Methods: Ninety-nine patients with WD (62 men and 37 women) and 91 age- and sex-matched controls (59 men and 32 women) were recruited to take part in experiments of diffusion-weighted imaging with 64 gradient vectors. The data were calculated by FMRIB Software Library (FSL) software and Automated Fiber Quantification (AFQ) software. After registration, patient groups and normal groups were compared by Mann–Whitney U test analysis. Results: Compared with the controls, the patients with WD showed widespread fractional anisotropy reduction and mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity elevation of identified fiber tracts. Significant correlations between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters and the neurological Unified Wilson’s Disease Rating Scale (UWDRS-N), serum ceruloplasmin, and 24-h urinary copper excretion were found. Conclusions: The present study has provided evidence that the metrics of DTI could be utilized as a potential biomarker of neuropathological symptoms in WD. Damage to the microstructure of callosum forceps and corticospinal tract may be involved in the pathophysiological process of neurological symptoms in WD patients, such as gait and balance disturbances, involuntary movements, dysphagia, and autonomic dysfunction.

Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) and magnetic exchange force microscopy (MExFM) are powerful tools to characterize spin structure at the atomic scale. For low temperature measurements, liquid helium cooling is commonly used, which has the advantage of generating low noise but has the disadvantage of having difficulties in carrying out measurements with long durations at low temperatures and measurements with a wide temperature range. The situation is just reversed for cryogen-free STM, where the mechanical vibration of the refrigerator becomes a major challenge. In this work, we have successfully built a cryogen-free system with both SP-STM and MExFM capabilities, which can be operated under a 9 T magnetic field provided by a cryogen-free superconducting magnet and in a wide temperature range between 1.4 and 300 K. With the help of our specially designed vibration isolation system, the noise is reduced to an extremely low level of 0.7 pm. The Fe/Ir(111) magnetic skyrmion lattice is used to demonstrate the technical novelties of our cryogen-free system.

Injecting power plant flue gas into a goaf stores CO2 in the flue gas and effectively prevents the spontaneous combustion of the coal remaining in the goaf. Here, we investigated the adsorption behavior of three types of coal at normal temperature and pressure using a self-developed adsorption experimental device. We used a specific surface area and porosity analyzer to study the effects of pore structure, mineral content, and moisture content on CO2 adsorption in coal. Based on the experimental data, we designed a multifactor CO2 adsorption prediction model based on a backpropagation (BP) neural network. The results indicated that the pore size of most micropores in coal was in the range of 0.5–0.7 and 0.8–0.9 nm. The specific surface area and pore volume were positively correlated with the CO2-saturated adsorption capacity, whereas the mean pore diameter, mineral content, and moisture content were inversely associated with the CO2-saturated adsorption amount. The accuracy of the multifactor BP neural network prediction model was satisfactory: the determination coefficients (R2) of the training and test sets were both above 0.98, the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the test set were both less than 0.1, and the prediction results satisfied the requirements. To optimize the prediction performance of the model, we used the random forest algorithm to calculate the importance of each factor. The sum of the importance weights of the specific surface area, moisture content, and pore volume was 91.6%, which was much higher than that of the other two factors. Therefore, we constructed an optimization model with specific surface area, moisture content, and pore volume as input variables. The R2 values of the training and test sets in the simplified model were improved compared with those of the multifactor model, the RMSE and MAE were reduced, and the fitting effect was ideal. The prediction model of CO2 adsorption in coal based on the BP neural network can predict the CO2 adsorption capacity of coal under different physical and chemical conditions, thereby providing theoretical support for the application of CO2 storage technology in goafs.

We systematically investigate the plugging performance and oil-displacement efficiency of the novel bilayer-coating microspheres (BCMS) designed for in-depth conformance control within heterogeneous hydrocarbon reservoirs. Visualization experiments on various glass models, as well as one- and two-phase core floods have been carried out at reservoir temperature and fluid salinity. Our results demonstrate that the rigid outer layer of BCMS can successfully protect its adhesive inner coating, enabling BCMS to transport deeply into porous media. Increasing particle concentration yields higher collision probability, leading to the formation of particle assembly that could effectively block pore throats in high-permeability channels and achieve more oil recovery in the low-permeability zones. It is also shown that as the BCMS slug size increases, the oil recovery asymptotically reaches a maximum value. A larger slug size cannot highly enhance the plugging performance yet significantly increase the resistance factor. A smaller permeability ratio of parallel cores leads to a narrower difference between the fractional flow rates. When the permeability ratio is two or lower, the fractional flow rates of parallel cores are both around 50%, yielding the best oil-displacement efficiency. BCMS exhibits promising application potential in production enhancement under reservoir conditions.

A composite manganese-based catalytic ceramic membrane (Mn-CCM) was developed by a solid-state sintering method, and its effectiveness toward activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of 11 pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) mixture was tested. The optimized Mn-CCMs/PMS system showed remarkable degradation efficiencies for PPCPs mixture with total removal90% in ultrapure water, river water and natural organic matter (NOM) solution. The Mn-CCMs/PMS system showed the contribution of different phenomena in PPCPs removal in the order of catalytic oxidation (54.7%, Mn-CCMs/PMS)noncatalytic oxidation (42.3%, PMS oxidation)adsorption (3.0%, by Mn-CCMs). The singlet oxygen (

Background:Cerebrovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in China, and the China is undergoing rapid change.However, trends in cerebrovascular disease mortality remains unclear in urban-rural China.Methods:Mortality of cerebrovascular disease (2005-2019) were collected for quinquennial age group stratified by area(urban/rural) from China Statistical Yearbook.The annual changes(APC) and the average annual percent changes(AAPC) of cerebrovascular disease mortality were analyzed by joinpoint regression analysis;age,period,cohort effects on mortality were estimated by age-period-cohort model.Results:Though 2005-2019,standardized mortality significantly rose in rural areas(AAPC=3.3%,95%CI:1%,5.6%) and moderately increased in urban areas(AAPC=1.5%,95%CI:0.6%,2.4%).The age-period-cohort model indicated that there was an obviously age effect and cohort effect..The trend of age effect showed an increase with advancing age.There is a favourable throughout in cohort effects with significantly decrease of both rural and urban areas in China.Conclusions:Both urban areas and rural areas of China,the trend of cerebrovascular disease mortality substantially increased with advance of age.Cerebrovascular disease mortality trend may continue to rise in China.Respectively intervention should be conducted, especially for rural areas.Moreover,paying attention to the physical and mental health of the elderly is also unavoidable.