Search

The accuracy of machine-learned turbulence models often diminishes when applied to flow cases outside the training data set. In an effort to improve the predictive accuracy of data-driven models for an expanded set of cases, an extension of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-driven training framework consisting of three key steps is proposed. Firstly, a list of candidate flow-related parameters is selected to supplement Pope’s general tensor basis hypothesis. Secondly, modeling an additional production term may benefit the overall predictions in certain situations. Finally, the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) evaluations of candidate models are performed on several different flows simultaneously during the model training iterations. Five free-shear and five wall-bounded flow cases are chosen to train or test data-driven turbulence models. It is shown that the machine-learned models from the present multicase CFD-driven framework can significantly improve the predictive accuracy for the test cases where the baseline RANS results showed significant error from the ground truth. Meanwhile, for cases in which the baseline produced good results, the new models do not perform worse. Further analysis shows that the new models can adapt to opposite trends of turbulent diffusion required for the different cases with a common correction. Moreover, the trained models can be simplified and still achieve similar improvement as the whole expressions.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Emerging evidence has shown that various failures in cancer therapy, such as drug resistance, metastasis, and cancer relapse are attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Also, growing attention has been paid to the regulation of non-coding RNAs in cancer stemness. Here, we aimed to investigate the contribution of LINC01296 in the modulation of oral CSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The phenotypic assays including migration, invasion, and colony-forming abilities were carried out in CSCs of two types of oral cancer cells (SAS and GNM) following the knockdown of LINC01296. In addition, the percentage of cells expressing stemness marker, ALDH1, and drug resistance marker, ABCG2, was examined as well as the self-renewal capacity after silencing of LINC01296. Moreover, a luciferase reporter was used to validate the direct interaction between LINC01296 and miR-143. RESULTS: Our results showed that LINC01296 was significantly overexpressed in oral cancer tissues and positively correlated with stemness markers. The phenotypic and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that suppression of LINC01296 reduced the aggressiveness, cancer stemness features, and colony-forming and self-renewal abilities in oral CSCs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LINC01296 may enhance cancer stemness features through suppression of the effect of miR-143. CONCLUSION: Silencing of LINC01296 may be a promising direction for oral cancer therapy by reducing cancer stemness via regulation of miR-143.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a porcine enteric coronavirus globally, causing serious economic losses to the global pig industry since 2010. Here, a PEDV CH/Yinchuan/2021 strain was isolated in a CV777-vaccinated sow farm which experienced a large-scale PEDV invasion in Yinchuan, China, in 2021. Our results demonstrated that the CH/Yinchuan/2021 isolate could efficiently propagate in Vero cells, and its proliferation ability was weaker than that of CV777 at 10 passages (P10). Phylogenetic analysis of the S gene revealed that CH/Yinchuan/2021 was clustered into subgroup GIIa, forming an independent branch with 2020-2021 isolates in China. Moreover, GII was obviously allocated into four clades, showing regional and temporal differences in PEDV global isolates. Notably, CH/Yinchuan/2021 was analyzed as a recombinant originated from an American isolate and a Chinese isolate, with a big recombinant region spanning ORF1a and S1. Importantly, we found that CH/Yinchuan/2021 harbored multiple mutations relative to CV777 in neutralizing epitopes (S10, S1A, COE, and SS6). Homology modelling showed that these amino acid differences in S protein occur on the surface of its structure, especially the insertion and deletion of multiple consecutive residues at the S10 epitope. In addition, cross-neutralization analysis confirmed that the differences in the S protein of CH/Yinchuan/2021 changed its antigenicity compared with the CV777 strain, resulting in a different neutralization profile. Animal pathogenicity test showed that CH/Yinchuan/2021 caused PEDV-typified symptoms and 100% mortality in 3-day-old piglets. These data will provide valuable information to understand the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, evolution, and antigenicity of PEDV circulating in China.

Tn5 transposon tagments double-stranded DNA and RNA/DNA hybrids to generate nucleic acids that are ready to be amplified for high-throughput sequencing. The nucleic acid substrates for the Tn5 transposon must be explored to increase the applications of Tn5. Here, we found that the Tn5 transposon can transpose oligos into the 5′ end of single-stranded DNA longer than 140 nucleotides. Based on this property of Tn5, we developed a tagmentation-based and ligation-enabled single-stranded DNA sequencing method called TABLE-seq. Through a series of reaction temperature, time, and enzyme concentration tests, we applied TABLE-seq to strand-specific RNA sequencing, starting with as little as 30 pg of total RNA. Moreover, compared with traditional dUTP-based strand-specific RNA sequencing, this method detects more genes, has a higher strand specificity, and shows more evenly distributed reads across genes. Together, our results provide insights into the properties of Tn5 transposons and expand the applications of Tn5 in cutting-edge sequencing techniques.

Jia Yang,1,2 Qing Yang,1,2,* Yuan Fang,3,* Fang Liu1– 3 1Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Center of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fang Liu, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-28-18980601214, Fax +86-28-85422335, Email liufangfh@163.comAim: To investigate the clinicopathologic features and the related risk factors for rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in Chinese obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) patients.Methods: A total of 63 ORG patients, who underwent a renal biopsy and received follow-up for at least 12 months, were recruited in our study. These patients were classified as rapid decliners and slow decliners based on the eGFR slope value (− 5.0 mL/min/1.73 m2/year). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for rapid eGFR decline.Results: Of the 63 ORG patients, 48 (76.2%) were male, the mean age was 38.7 ± 9.0 years, the median of urinary protein excretion was 1.62 g/24 h, 27.0% of them had nephrotic-range proteinuria, while hypoalbuminemia was observed in 7.9% of them. The incidence of obvious hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, glucose dysmetabolism and hyperuricemia were 71.4%, 60.3%, 36.5% and 27.0%, respectively. 13 (20.6%) patients became rapid decliners during the median 45 months of follow-up. Their mean BMI was 31.8 ± 3.6 kg/m2, the median of baseline eGFR and urinary protein excretion were 71.8 (range of 30.5– 118.2) mL/min/1.73 m2/year and 3.57 g/24 h, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (OR 9.205, 95% CI 1.704– 49.740, P = 0.01), hyperuricemia (OR 5.541, 95% CI 1.079– 28.460, P = 0.04) and nephrotic-range proteinuria (OR 6.128, 95% CI 1.311– 28.637, P = 0.021) were the independent risk factors for rapid eGFR decline.Conclusion: Chinese ORG patients were more likely to have clinical characteristics with hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and hyperuricemia, and mild to severe degrees of urinary protein excretion at diagnosis, while patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria lacked hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Smoking, hyperuricemia and nephrotic-range proteinuria were independent risk factors for rapid eGFR decline in ORG patients.Keywords: obesity-related glomerulopathy, clinical features, rapid eGFR decline, risk factors

Recommendation systems are popular in many domains. Researchers usually focus on the effectiveness of recommendation (e.g., precision) but neglect the popularity bias that may affect the fairness of the recommendation, which is also an important consideration that could influence the benefits of users and item providers. A few studies have been proposed to deal with the popularity bias, but they often face two limitations. Firstly, most studies only consider fairness for one side—either users or items, without achieving fairness jointly for both. Secondly, existing methods are not sufficiently tailored to each individual user or item to cope with the varying extent and nature of popularity bias. To alleviate these limitations, in this paper, we propose FAiR , a f airness-centric model that a dapt i vely mitigates the popularity bias in both users and items for r ecommendation. Concretely, we design explicit fairness discriminators to mitigate the popularity bias for each user and item locally, and an implicit discriminator to preserve fairness globally. Moreover, we dynamically adapt the model to different input users and items to handle the differences in their popularity bias. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in fairness metrics, while remaining competitive in effectiveness.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most prevalent cancers, has complex etiology. The dysbiosis of intestinal bacteria has been highlighted as an important contributor to CRC. Fusobacterium nucleatum, an oral anaerobic opportunistic pathogen, is enriched in both stools and tumor tissues of patients with CRC. Therefore, F. nucleatum is considered to be a risk factor for CRC. This review summarizes the biological characteristics and the mechanisms underlying the regulatory behavior of F. nucleatum in the tumorigenesis and progression of CRC. F. nucleatum as a marker for the early warning and prognostic prediction of CRC, and as a target for prevention and treatment, is also described.

In this study, a new method for the point-of-care testing of thiodiglycol (TDG) using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated electrospun nanofiber membranes is reported.

Cascade catalytic therapy, a promising cancer treatment strategy, is due in part to the induced tumor apoptosis when converting intratumoral hydrogen peroxide into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals based on the Fenton or Fenton-like reactions.

The mechanism of how porosity affects EM wave absorption was investigated with a quantitative random network model.

An interfacial water structure in a Au(111)(3 × 5)–2PNBA frame was revealed by combining surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and the as-developed computational method for electrochemical infrared spectroscopy.

How to avoid biased predictions is an important and active research question in scene graph generation (SGG). Current state-of-the-art methods employ debiasing techniques such as resampling and causality analysis. However, the role of intrinsic cues in the features causing biased training has remained under-explored. In this paper, for the first time, we make the surprising observation that object identity information, in the form of object label embeddings (e.g. GLOVE), is principally responsible for biased predictions. We empirically observe that, even without any visual features, a number of recent SGG models can produce comparable or even better results solely from object label embeddings. Motivated by this insight, we propose to leverage a conditional variational auto-encoder to decouple the entangled visual features into two meaningful components: the object's intrinsic identity features and the extrinsic, relation-dependent state feature. We further develop two compositional learning strategies on the relation and object levels to mitigate the data scarcity issue of rare relations. On the two benchmark datasets Visual Genome and GQA, we conduct extensive experiments on the three scenarios, i.e., conventional, few-shot and zero-shot SGG. Results consistently demonstrate that our proposed Decomposition and Composition (DeC) method effectively alleviates the biases in the relation prediction. Moreover, DeC is model-free, and it significantly improves the performance of recent SGG models, establishing new state-of-the-art performance.

MOF-derived carbon materials with unique structures are prepared by salt-assisted pyrolysis and exhibit excellent microwave absorbing performance with an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.23 GHz at lower fill ratios of 7%.

NMR-techniques coupled with morphological and electrochemical analysis revealed the chemical and physical interactions within polymer-based hybrid electrolytes.

Adsorption–desorption dynamics and local chemical composition of a physisorbed co-assembly can be characterized and controlled by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).

AuCuB-400 exhibited superior FECO. Operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed that incorporating B could tune the electronic structure of AuCu to promote the adsorption of CO intermediates, thus facilitating the conversion of CO2 to CO.

Understanding the structural transformation of photocatalysts under illumination provides detailed insights to solve the poisoning of photocatalysts.

Evidence has indicated that lysine methyltransferase 2B (KMT2B), a major H3K4 tri-methyltransferase (H3K4me3), contributes to the development of various cancers; however, its role in cervical cancer (CC) is unclear. In this study, increased KMT2B expression was observed in human CC specimens and significantly associated with poor prognosis. The condition medium of KMT2B-overexpressing cells facilitated angiogenesis