Search

These Identity design has been an important subject of human concern since ancient times. In ancient feudal society, the same group of people formed a pyramid structure. Taking the Qing Empire as an example, the emperor's robe is yellow with a dragon emblem embroidered on it, symbolizing the emperor's majesty, while the official robes are divided into bird patterns and animal patterns, forming a strict hierarchy. In addition to the level identification between the same groups, the power information and other information of different groups can also be clearly distinguished from each other. For example, the Japanese family crest shows the family information to which the individual belongs, while the European family crest is more of a multi-level presentation, which may include family, class, status and other information. In addition, both of them have a long history and culture and a well-structured and systematic emblem pattern. When later generations studied the totem emblem patterns in other regions, they invariably used the two as a reference for comparison. What are these coats of arms and coats of arms used as a basis for judging status and class? This is the goal of this study, and it is hoped that the final findings will serve as a reference for other researchers.

In this study, an associated AR English learning system (AES) was developed for elementary children. Different from a general AR English learning system, when learners scan the AR target object, AES will provide associated virtual learning materials with the target object, including vocabulary, phrase and example sentences. At the same time, all the operational processes of the learner will be recorded in database within coding scheme by the system. The aim of this research is exploring learners’ behavior differences through analyzed their behavior log considering the human factors with gender and prior knowledge. One thing worth noting is, according to the result of the analysis, we found that learners can get a better performance in class when they are learning with an associated AR English learning system than a general AR English learning system. In addition, through observe the behavior pattern associated graphs, we found that female learners lost the scan directions of AR learning target more often than male learners. However, the female learners learning with an AR target more carefully and detailed than male learners. According to the results of this study, it is shown that when learning English through AR technology, the gender difference is an important impact factor. Therefore, when teachers and AR developers want to use AR to assist English learning in the future, they must pay special attention to this. &nbsp

It has been demonstrated that the WS2 monolayer is an excellent template for AlN epitaxy at 400 °C low temperature. Low-temperature AlN thin films exhibit much superior crystalline quality than those grown directly on sapphire substrates. In addition to the small lattice mismatch between AlN and WS2 monolayer, we proposed a growth mechanism to explain the excellent van der Waal epitaxy by looking at the initial growth. This growth model reveals that transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising buffer layers for the deposition of III-nitrides but also suggests the novel combination of AlN and TMDCs in the research of future 2D field-effect transistors due to the extremely low leakage current of high-quality AlN films.

We report the demonstration of growing two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal-AlN ( h-AlN) on transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers (MoS2, WS2, and WSe2) via van der Waals epitaxy by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Having atomically thin thickness and high theoretical carrier mobility, TMDs are attractive semiconductors for future dense and high-performance 3D IC, and 2D hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN) as a gate dielectric is known to significantly improve TMD device performance. However, h-BN growth requires 1000 °C temperature that is not compatible with CMOS fabrication, and ALD deposition of any high-k 2D insulator on TMD continues to be an elusive goal. The epitaxial 2D layered h-AlN by low-temperature ALD is characterized by synchrotron-based grazing-incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility of using layered h-AlN as an interfacial layer between WS2 and ALD HfO2. The significantly better uniformity and smoothness of HfO2 than that directly deposited on TMD are desirable characteristics for TMD transistor applications.

For the participants of the exercise, the improvement of physiological benefits is the highest degree of recognition, followed by social benefits, and psychological benefits again. In other words, the participants believe that the biggest benefit after the activity is the improvement of self-health fitness. Consumer demand for sports functionality will change with different environments. Because when exercising outdoors, it will cause changes in body muscle load and cardio-respiratory function due to the difference in road surface gradient. Therefore, in the design of sports training, in addition to the structure of the product itself must be in line with human factors engineering, and should also take into account the measurement values of various parts of the body related to riding. The average user tends to challenge the self and ignores the prevention of sports injuries, causing damage to the neck, lower back, knee or wrist. Therefore, how to build a machine that can provide better exercise through machine learning must be emphasized. How can you not create sports injuries as a basis for a product. Therefore, this study will provide a data source for future sports products in machine learning by using three different lower limb tread frequencies at a fixed intensity to observe the correlation between heart rate changes, muscle fatigue, and pedaling strength.

The main purpose of this research is to develop a visual programming game with a Qualifying Rank strategy (QRVPG), allowing learners to use this system to conduct a STEAM-oriented mathematics course, the content of which is permutation. In the QRVPG system, learners can perform learning tasks with lower cognitive levels in their personal game copies to understand and construct knowledge, as the level of the game role increases, levels with higher cognitive levels will also appear. Then, learners are necessary to analyze and apply the knowledge they learned to complete more difficult learning tasks. In addition, learners can compete in the QRVPG system. This research hopes to introduce the qualifying rank strategy to allow learners with similar abilities to compete with each other, through this way, enhance learners’ learning motivation and engagement. In general, this research hopes to improve learners’ core competence in all aspects of STEAM through the cooperation of game formation and the gradual development of cognitive level.

From the future social trends, economic trends and technological trends, it can be clearly found that the advent of the Internet of Things and the development of communication technologies have jointly subverted the definition of action. In the past, traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving and unsafe driving behavior will begin to decline due to advances in technology. Therefore, the impact on the future automobile industry is particularly significant, forcing the auto industry to carry out reforms again and again. In the near future, people's transportation will move toward fully-automobile driving, and will soon become the normal state of human life in the future. The development of 5G will also make human life more successful in the transformation. In view of this, the research will use the case study method to conduct an inductive analysis of the technology required for driverless driving and 5G technology. Through analysis, it will provide a reference for the future unmanned system service planning. It is expected that the fully-automated driving vehicles will be shared in the future. Excellent quality of interconnection and green environmental protection.

The importance of ocean shipping for international trade forecasting is growing due to the specialization and evolution of industrial sectors around the world. Classic approaches for cargo volume f...

This study investigates spatial contagion on trading markets when an industrialized country is stricken by a natural disaster. We present a test for contagion effects on the cargo trading among the major trading partners. The test is based on a comparison of the correlation coefficients of transnational trade linkages in industrial cargo volumes before and after a disaster. Using the Japanese 311 earthquake in 2011 as a case study, the results show that spatial contagion is observed for neighboring countries exporting to Taiwan. It also found that the occurrence of contagion effect depends on the industrial market share of the linkages, and the contagion effect disperses over time.

Internet popularity makes it easier for consumers to access all kinds of product information, so many consumers are now used to doing two things before they make consumer decisions: the first is to search online or search online forums and social media. The relevant information of the product is even price comparison. The second is to decide which product channel to purchase after searching. This is the so-called "multiple pipeline consumer group". These two shopping habits will become the mainstream of future consumption patterns. However, consumers' habits will also be transformed by the advancement of network technology. In order to cope with the 5G era, this research will conduct a research analysis through consumer behavior and different online consumption platforms, and then through the functions of 5G. In particular, we will find out the technical direction of the future development of the network consumption platform to provide a reference for future network platform enterprises.

Obesity issue in United States has become a common health problem. Not only is obesity an issue to adults, but also children age from 6 to 19 have now also been facing the same problem. The purpose of this study is to enlighten the children about the concept of healthy eating behavior by using the interface design of digital image, it could improve the cognitive performance of children for healthy diet. The process of digital image can be divided into algorithms with image processing, image display, and deconstruction of images. In order to provide an image with appropriate quality and deliver the correct information, the image semantics and its formation will be changed by different background and environment. The principal aim of this study is conducting multi-level surveys to identify the children’s cognitive gap in image of food, and provides a useful reference for digital image designers by combining the physical and virtual interactions in the future.

In recent years, art museums have appeared in the phenomenon of popularization and entertainment. Many works that were thought to be impossible to appear in art museums have gradually appeared in digital exhibition halls or virtual museums. There are a lot of fashion, design, boutique, digital, animation and so on exhibitions in the field have entered the halls of digital art museums. This kind of exhibition is close to the public’s social and experience background, and it is easy to generate identity and resonance. Because it is convenient and can be obtained through digital devices at any time, it breaks the formerly impression that only art appreciation viewers can visit traditional art museums. The popular cultural exhibition oriented to the needs of real audiences, as the exhibition strategy of the art museum, also began to carry out the ways of presenting of another new type of digital virtual art museum. The purpose of this research is how to effectively display the cognitive images of the entities through the digital image display design method to attract the audience, while avoiding the loss of the educational significance of the entity art museum, and also driving the populace to recognize and recognize the cultural aesthetics of the virtual digital display.

Images in the real world and the virtual VR world have a large gap, and because different image presentation methods and combinations will change the user’s cognitive behavior, “what is attracting consumers to make choices and lead to purchases? Although people always think that they are intuitive, there are many elements that really affect intuition, advertising, furnishings, and atmosphere. This study will re-visualize the clothing store and give it a reorganization and investigation through “ QFD quality function.” The “Expanding Method” questionnaire, with reference to the concept of cognitive psychology, makes the research concept and direction more correct, removes the consumer ‘s demand in the virtual space, and then uses the QFD quality function to calculate the fast fashion store. The display and display of the display brings consumers’ attention and attraction, and provides reference design for the future digital clothing store display configuration line design.

In today’s era of global shopping networks and online shopping virtual reality, people’s desire for “clothing” in basic needs seems to never decrease, but the knowledge gained through big data should provide more new consumer perceptions of changes in internet shopping. How the traditional garment manufacturing industry can generate a new cognition through the deconstruction of the symbol by consumers, endow the network apparel industry with a new life, through the rapid and efficient overall marketing model, created a large number of styles to drive the global fashion trend, sustained economic growth, is the core spirit of this study. This study uses the Quality Function Deployment(QFD), through the consumer to the fast fashion dress line composition symbol semantics to give the decomposition deconstruction, lets the dress symbol image helps the consumer in the network to focus on the fast fashion dress silhouette produces the visual symbol change, the real grasp to the customer’s feeling, in order to understand the fast fashion for the design level and the customer demand. By converting the customer demand factor into the analysis pointer and finding out the most suitable design decision evaluation after screening and evaluation, this method accurately provides the design pattern that conforms to the designer’s and customer’s needs and provides a reference basis for the design of the network virtual reality store in the future.

The subject of this study is the industrial design which requires physical operation exercises mainly targeted at the drawing techniques for product design courses to introduce virtual reality and to further explore the differences and learning outcomes compared to existing traditional sketch drawing courses. In this study, we constructed the object with the actual size in 3D virtual space according to the requirements of the course. Since virtual reality sketching has a sense of presence and is different from the images on a paper or in the computer, it will not only strengthen the space concept of the students but also make the observation of the interaction between relevant components and people more accurate. However, it is inevitable that there will be differences and requires adaptations in learning due to the differences in operating interface and learning methods. This study adopted Delphi Method to find out the requirements for the drawing for product design of the enterprises through interviews with experts, at the same time, cooperated with the analysis of actual course operations and experiments to find out the result of the expected learning outcomes. We hope to provide suggestions and methods for improvement in the application of virtual reality drawing for product design in industrial education.

Most studies have shown that when memories are declining year by year, images of past past memories, or images that patients often encounter in the past, are often one of the clinical methods to slow down memory decline, but according to people. The growth process and social changes, many past images will have varying degrees of change and evolution, how to identify and correlate some of the patterns in the past, is the core spirit of this research, this study will be from semiotics Under the theoretical basis, it is hoped that it can provide a basis for future image psychocognitive research or rehabilitation medicine for different cognition studies on the auspicious patterns often seen in the Chinese nation during festivals.

The transformation of graphics comes from the recognition of symbolic semantics, related cognition will affect human cognition, different countries, cultures, years, age, gender, etc. For the people will have different cognitive differences. How to provide better images to satisfy users, making it easier to learn and cognize, and reduce factors such as misjudgment or misunderstanding, will come to be an important issue. Whether in normal healthy users or in dementia due to advanced age, the relationship between image and cognition must be taken seriously. This study will make a change design for image and symbol semantics to study the responses and cognition of different subjects and provide a reference for future rehabilitation learning or cognitive learning.

21st century is an era in which the internet and transportation are intensively linked. Through this tendency, local culture can develop toward globalization. Globalization is the focus of contemporary culture, and cultural practice is the core of globalization [1]. Based on the globalization tendency and social and cultural theories, cultural products have been one of the main product development. To carry out the designing form of cultural products, we must first discuss the cultural definitions and the cultural characteristics. This study utilize festival as the structure, based on the semiotics of message communication and introduce the six types of Chinese character development background and its classification principles then select the feature of Mid-Autumn Festival to create a series of product design methods, in order to trace back each culture meaning in the Instructional design. Finally, the established design methods were used to verify the six types of Chinese character proposed in this study, which are the feasibility Pictograms, Self-explanatory, Determinative-phonetics, Associative compounds, Mutually interpretative symbols and Phonetic loans. It is expected to provide some contribution to future design related practitioners some instructional design and design process applications.

To discuss different course teaching in the field of existing product design is to replace theoretical courses with some practical operations. Failure to fully understand the theoretical basis will often result in continuous revision and failure to satisfy the effectiveness of the course. Modularization in the green design course is usually designed based on functional and structural considerations to extend the main life span. If major parts can last longer, other parts can be modularized according to their average life span. Design planning, however, the plan must be able to do a survey from the user's needs at the same time. This modular design can also be combined with other compatible modules to expand product functionality, so as not to be outdated and unrealistic. Needs, but also can complement each other. This study will provide a teaching case for the modular design of this green design law and provide a reference case for future green design teaching or practical design.

Designers use parametric software to make design changes to parts with multiple similarities but different sizes, they need to enter and leave individual units from time to time for numerical adjustments, and repeated adjustments often take a lot of time. There will also be many mistakes due to user negligence. In this study, parametric drawing software was used to draw the model. Using the general basic view method and the parametric drawing software itself to refer to each other, a set of drawing methods was designed and a sleeve was used as an object-oriented paradigm. This study allows the tester to use parametric drawing software to construct the model indicated on the drawing surface. Then, the model drawn by the tester and the model drawn by this study are subjected to five design changes in accordance with the item size indicated on the design change chart. To discuss the time and error rate that the two need to spend when making design changes. This study found that the mapping methods designed in the study had significant differences in the number of errors and the time taken for design changes in each group of experiments. It is hoped that this study will explore the modelling method that considers subsequent design changes as a starting point when constructing the model. It hopes to provide the campus as a teaching tool to achieve the student's future connection with the industry, and to provide for the design of relevant industries. In terms of design modeling thinking, it is another way of thinking and creating designs.

The development and teaching of innovative design courses has always been a topic that many schools are currently concerned about. Many of the innovative teachings are mostly inspired concepts of innovation. After actual commercialization, specific outputs are obtained. How to find a good topic through patents The analysis, and then use the actual model of production, do product verification, complete creativity and innovation. In this study, creative creativity was adopted as the core of curriculum creative innovation in commercial design of industrial design. Through a process of market research, patent analysis, concept design and sample production, a design case was used as an example of a creative innovation course. A reference material for future innovation to commercialization.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of different high school and vocational students in their educational learning and to further explore the differences in the development results of students in the college of industrial design at the present stage in the wooden bamboo craft course, and to present conclusions and suggestions for different educational backgrounds. Therefore, this study is divided into two parts. The first part is through the literature, to understand the existing high school education development profile, including the subject introduction, educational goals, curriculum planning, future development and so on. The second part analyzes students' actual learning outcomes through interviews with experts through the development achievements of students in the Department of Industrial Design to understand the differences between students at the university level and the background of high school and vocational education. The results of this study found that students in higher vocational backgrounds had a professional foundational technology in the college-side wooden bamboo craft course, and students in the high school background had a positive learning potential in the college-side wooden bamboo craft course.

The aim of this research is to explore learners’ learning behavior differences in a customized augmented reality (AR) English learning system (CARELS) by analyzing the learners’ behavioral history. The results show that male learners lost the scan directions of AR learning targets more often than female learners, while female learners learning in one AR target was more careful and detailed compared to male learners. One implication of these results is that researchers should consider the gender difference, and give adaptive feedback or teaching materials when designing this type of AR English learning system.

As the RD and, the other, to analyze the variances and correlation between age, genders and physiological responses to each of these exercise modes. The subjects of test were 80 healthy grown-ups of ages between 20 and 65, each received tests of the two modes of exercise in random order. The test involved two phases; the first gathered the subjects' basic data. The second conducted the submaximal exercise test to understand the differences between the exercise modes of elliptical trainer and bicycle, both of the same intensity, in the physiological responses for different ages and genders. The results also aim to provide as reference for product R&D persons in the development of different product attributes and formulating exercise prescriptions.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in learning has always been an important issue.. However, collapse or lesion on functions of the cerebrum cell is a common phenomenon upon aging for the elderly. Senile Dementia is even more one of common problems. Thus, how to facilitate the activation of the cerebrum cell for deferring aging of the cerebrum through an excellent learning training is the issue of discussion that many scientists and educationalists have been endeavoring to explore for a long time. The study attempt to develop a curriculum of green natural learning(combine landscape therapy with learning therapy) in order to intensify the cerebrum function, alleviate brain collapse, promote mental function and reinforce learning effect by means of horticultural and learning methods on five sense stimulation, experience in person and the application of learning theory. Further reduce the traditional drug treatment have a negative impact (including falls, poisoning, etc.) According to the integrated result of the research, it is verified that the training of green natural learning can improve cognitive function and facilitate the promotion on cognition and learning competency of the elderly. The results of this study hope for the future of the elderly in the wisdom of learning to provide a reference basis and direction.

A novel antenna for UHF radio-frequency identification (RFID) readers with circular polarization (CP) operation is proposed in this paper. The antenna consists of a 50 Ω microstrip feed line, two resonant paths on the upper surface of the substrate, and a system ground on the lower surface of the substrate. By adjusting the parameters of the two resonant paths, a circularly polarized reader antenna with good impedance matching can be obtained. Experimental results show that the proposed design exhibits good performance in term of circularly polarized radiation, and both the impedance bandwidth (931 MHz to 960 MHz) and the 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidth (948 MHz to 954 MHz) meet the Japanese RFID requirement (950 MHz to 954 MHz). Furthermore, the proposed antenna offers the following advantages: compact size (60 mm × 60 mm × 0.8 mm), simple structure, ease of fabrication, and low cost.

This paper reports the design and implementation of a two-axis capacitive-type accelerometer using well-known two poly-Si processes. The accelerometer design consists of a pendulum proof-mass (bulk Si), a gimbal-spring (poly-Si film), and vertical-comb sensing electrodes. This design has three merits: 1) pendulum proof-mass to produce torque by in-plane acceleration; 2) high-aspect-ratio-micromachined (HARM) gimbal-springs enable the detection of two-axis accelerations; and 3) vertical-combs of different vertical positions enable the differential sensing electrodes design to detect the angular motion. In short, this paper exploits the vertical-comb electrodes for differential capacitive sensing to detect the two-axis in-plane accelerations. Measurement results show that the sensitivities (nonlinearity) of etch direction are 17.87 mV/G (2.65%) of X-axis, and 16.54 mV/G (2.71%) of Y-axis in the excitation range of 0.6~2 G. Due to the HARM gimbal-spring design, the cross axis sensitivity introduced by the Z-axis excitation is less than 0.3% for both X-axis and Y-axis sensing. However, the cross-axis error between the X-axis and the Y-axis sensing elements still need to be improved.

This study describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a novel electromagnetic membrane actuator (EMMA) for pumping applications. Related technologies for realizing membrane micropump are first reviewed. A conceptual design and batch process for fabricating thin PDMS membrane embedded with a planar coil, which is the essential part of EMMA, is then proposed. This study investigates some important issues relating to the utilization of PDMS in pneumatic pumping. An advanced EMMA with improved fabrication yield and reliability is also presented. To demonstrate the feasibility, different types of EMMA are fabricated and tested. The EMMA with membrane diameter of 7 mm was tested, and a deflection exceeding 50 μm can be achieved with an applied current of less than 500 mA. Stability and reliability tests also showed promising results. To summarize, the proposed EMMA can fulfill the requirements of large flexibility, good controllability, system compactness and batch-process capability, and can be used to establish a simple and effective pumping system.

Thermal management becomes exceptionally critical to both the reliability and operation performance of electronic packages, particularly for multichip modules (MCMs), as packaging and power densities continue increase while packaging dimension continues decrease. The underlying goal of the study is to pursue the minimum system temperature design of MCMs containing a number of chips of equal and/or unequal power through the optimal chip placement design. To deal with the thermal design problems, an effective indirect optimization approach that integrates a modified force-directed (FD) thermal model, a finite-element (FE) technique and an exterior penalty method (EPM) is proposed. In the modified FD thermal model, a novel representation of the repulsive and attractive forces is proposed, and the sum of these forces in the design system, representing the total system chip junction temperature, constructs the objective of the optimization problems. Together with some geometry constraints, the constrained optimization problems are formed, and furthermore, transformed into unconstrained optimization problems using an EPM. The solution of the optimization problems is sought through a direct, iterative search scheme with two proposed placement strategies. The alternative goal of the study is to address the feature and feasibility of these two proposed placement strategies for the current problems. The applicability of the proposed optimization approach is demonstrated through several design applications, and their results are extensively compared against the published data. It turns out that the current optimization approach can be very effective and robust in providing thermal optimal design of MCMs with a minimal total chip junction temperature through optimal chip placement

Learning whole-body robot motion is a challenging task because balance control should be taken into consideration. An intuitive way to teach motion to a humanoid robot is to apply human demonstration data to the robot. Since balance control was usually done by presetting the zero-moment-point (ZMP) trajectory of a robot, the challenge became the conversion problem from human motion to robot motion, making the ZMP trajectory satisfy the stability. In this paper, we use kinesthetic teaching to teach whole-body robot motion by directly pulling the limbs of a robot without any conversion from human to robot motion. To keep the robot balanced, we propose a trade-off function by considering motion similarity and balance simultaneously and adopt the genetic algorithm (GA) to find the solution for adapting the taught motion. We validated the proposed method on an Aldebaran NAO robot and the results showed that the robot was taught to perform side and back kicks via kinesthetic teaching.

This research will deal with the analysis and design of an anti-theft bicycle. At the first, the structure of the bicycle lock device will be focused. Therefore, all related academic journals, dissertations, and patent were collected, ordered, classified, and analysis in order to understand the phase of the developing tendency towards the bicycle lock apparatus presently. Nowadays, a wave of riding bicycles all over the world is quite prevailing. Also, the bicycles incline to be high-price sporting and recreational equipment. Due to this, the rate of stolen bicycles has increased as well. Even though there are many different types of bicycle locks sold on the market, they are unable to work out effectively to prevent from being stolen because they are easy to be broken. In this case, the target design in this research will be mainly put on the simple structure and facile use enabling users feeling secure to park their bicycles. The design also includes a lock that works together with the bicycle frame to provide a new option of anti-theft design for bicycles. We defined the functional requirements by the process of an innovative mechanical design, before designing the fundamental bicycle structure of the present anti-theft bicycle and finally integrate all the requirements of design. The SolidWorks software was used to draw a 3D model of the anti-theft bicycle; the ANSYS software was also used to do CAE analysis, to understand the distribution of stress, so that the design and the requirements of use are met.

This study demonstrates a novel design and fabrication process to realize micromachined inductor integrated with the patterned soft magnetic film. Highly resistive (CoFeB)(SiO2) films as soft magnetic films were patterned and deposited by lift-off process and sputtering technique, respectively. In order to enhance inductor's inductance and find out the major design parameters, three types of the inductors integrated with the patterned soft magnetic films were designed, fabricated and tested. The spiral type inductor was fabricated by copper electroplating. This novel approach integrates inductors with soft magnetic thin films by evaporating the nitride film as dielectric and protection layer. As a result, the influence of the soft magnetic film contributes 10 % increase in the inductance on “magnetic film aligned” inductor at 2 GHz.

This study presents a novel design and fabrication process to realize an on-chip micro ball bearing. The ball bearing consists of a polymer-Si-polymer outer-race (stator), and a suspended polymer-Si-polymer inner-disk (rotor) supported by polymer micro-balls. The outer-race and inner-disk are demolded from silicon mold, which is patterned by wet isotropic etching on double-polished 525 μm-thick silicon wafer. The liquid phase photocurable polymer balls are dispensed by commercial dispenser with a hundred micrometer diameter tip and in-situ self-assembled in buffer liquid. After photocurable polymer solidified by UV-curing, the polymer balls are confined between the outer race and inner disk. Note the ball bearing is fabricated on a single wafer with no assembly required.

This study extends the concept of capillary valve to realize a micro time-delay switch for safety and arming application. The presented device consists of working fluid (Glycerol), micro capillary valve with required time-delay mechanism design, and sensing electrodes. Thus, the delay time could be easily changed by (1) varying the geometry design of valve angle β and the neck-width w, and (2) selecting the working fluid. The design could also be easily changed for applications of different inertia force. Simulation shows the time-delay of m-second to few seconds can be easily achieved and adjusted by the presented design. This study has successfully fabricated the proposed time-delay switch. Measurements show the switch with Glycerol working fluid have 4.1 to 10.9 seconds delay time by varying the design parameters from β = 30° and w = 1000 μm to β = 60° and w = 500 μm.

This study presents a structure design and process method for lens type LED package. Dome type or side-emitting-enhancement silicone lens without molding process are achieved. The ceramic ring is adopted as the confine for the encapsulant. The surface intension along the sidewall of ceramic ring and silicone surface, the cohesion force and the gravity of silicone determine the shape of dome type silicone lens. The cone shape tooling coated with a releasing material is immersed into the dome type silicone lens before the silicone fully hardening. After curing simultaneously, to remove the tooling from package, the package with side-emitting-enhancement silicone lens is finished. With the mentioned architecture and process, this LED package herein has three merits, (1) to improve light extraction efficiency: reduce the chance of total internal reflection by the geometry of dome type silicone lens. (2)To enhance the flexibility of LED package design, the die placement location would be constrained by the mold in the traditional package process. (3) Mold-less side-emitting-enhancement silicone lens. Furthermore, two types of cone shape tooling are implemented and compared for side-emitting-enhancement silicone lens. Measurement results show the ratio between the lens high and lens radius could achieve 0.9:1. The view angles of dome type and side-emitting-enhancement LED packaged devices can reach 153° and 180 °, respectively. As using the same brightness grade of LED chip, the luminous flux is increasing 15% as compared the dome type package with the commercial PLCC (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) type package. The luminous flux of side-emitting-enhancement LED package decreases 8% as compared with the dome type one.

Small intestinal villi are projective microstructures from the mucosa that provide a large surface area for digestion and absorption. On the mucosa, intestinal epithelial cells undergo terminal differentiation in space — along the crypt-villus axis — until they slough off into the lumen. Despite this unique physiological feature, to date in vitro cultivation of the intestinal epithelial cells is routinely done at the planar tissue-culture surface. In this research, we fabricated a projective, 3-dimensional (3-D) tissue-culture environment to provide a physiologically relevant condition for establishing the enterocyte cell culture in vitro. We used the mouse small intestinal epithelium as the model and applied a microfabrication process, UV-LIGA, to generate an array of microneedles with a similar projective structure and size (height: 400µm, base: 135µm in diameter) as those of the duodenal villi. In addition, we shaped the LIGA-derived poly (lactic acid) microneedles by acetone/ethanol erosion to create a smooth tip structure for the engraftment of human Caco-2 enterocytes. The engineered villus array had a total surface area of 4.81 cm2 per sq.cm of planar surface, which led to a 2.48-fold increase in the cell number of enterocytes on the 3-D construct relative to that on the planar control surface. Our work presents an initial step toward constituting a physiological gut in vitro by using an engineering approach for large-scale preparation of the biomimetic small intestine.

The concept of “Flip Glass Substrate” LED package design for white light has been reported in [1]. For emitting-intensity improvement or view-angle adjustment of the packaged LED, this study further presents the designs, such as surface-patterning and surface-trenching, on flip-glass. Measurements on the package LED demonstrate: (1) the surface-patterning of flip-glass reduce refraction at the surface, causing an increase of light emission intensity. It leads 3.8% emitting-intensity improvement in blue-light and 6.8% in white-light at chromaticity x=0.29, (2) the edge-trench of flip-glass (Fig.1e) provides tilt sidewalls to reduce internal refraction. It leads 5.5% emitting-intensity improvement in blue-light and 7.3% in white-light at chromaticity x=0.29, and (3) the central-trench of flip-glass (Fig.1f) can improve the view-angle of LED. Measurements indicate the view-angle is increased from 120° to 160° in blue-light and from 120° to 150° in white-light, however, the emitting-intensity decreases 2.7% for blue-light and 8.2% for white-light at chromaticity x=0.29. In summary, this study reports simple flip-glass surface machining approach to adjust the performances of LED for different applications.

This study presents a “Flip Glass Substrate” LED package design. The transparent glass is employed as the substrate. This LED package architecture and process has two merits, (1) Large view angle: Light is allowed to emit in all directions for the LED packaged in a flip glass-substrate. (2) Color bin yield enhancement: CIE (The International Commission on Illumination) chromaticity coordinate distribution (CCx, CCy) of glass-substrate coated with phosphor could be evaluated before LED chip package. Thus glass-substrate with wrong chromaticity coordinates could be reworked in early stage (like the concept of known-good-die). Moreover, the advantage of remote phosphor is also achieved for this package architecture. In application, the glass substrate for packaging is implemented and tested. Measurements show the chromaticity relation between unpackaged-LED and packaged-LED is determined as 0.017 in CCx. The view angle of packaged device can reach 142°.

This study reports the design and implementation of a 2-axis capacitive-type accelerometer design consists of a pendulum-proofmass (bulk Si), a gimbal-spring (poly-Si film), and vertical-comb sensing electrodes. This design has three merits, (1) pendulum-proofmass to produce torque by in-plane acceleration (offset-axis inertial force), (2) gimbal-springs enable the detection of 2-axis accelerations, and (3) high-aspect-ratio-micromachined (HARM) vertical-combs as the differential sensing electrodes to detect angular motion. In short, this study implements the HARM vertical-comb electrodes for differential capacitive sensing to detect the 2-axis in-plane accelerations. Measurement results show that sensitivities (non-linearity) of etch direction are 20.3mV/G (10.36%) of X-axis, and 17.67mV/G (4.25%) of Y-axis (measurement range: 0.05G∼3G). The resolution is 50mG for both axes. The cross-axis errors range from 0.75% to 19.18%.

This study demonstrates a novel tunable quality factor, self-assembly inductor and packaging using an alternating magnetic flux. The merit of the design is to tilt the inductor from the lossy substrate and localize welding for assembly simultaneously using the magnetic film. A localized induction heating approach by an embedded heater was presented to prevent thermal problems during bonding. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept, the 8-turn of meander strip inductor was fabricated using MEMS technology. The radio frequency (RF) performance of the inductor at various tilting angles away from the substrate (0° and 90°) was characterized by using a two-port vector network analyzer. Typical measurement results indicate that the inductor is bonded with a good strength (403 g) and the quality factor (Q) can be controlled within 2.9 ∼ 5.2 by assembly.

This study implements a novel Drosophila (fruit fly) behavior chip by Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) technology. This behavior chip has three merits: (1) The array structure enables multi-positions detection and arbitrary definition of stimulation area. Thus provide more flexibility on experiment design. (2) Position detection and electric shock could be performed without the need of extra-sensing/stimulating unit or light source. (3) This behavior chip could be batch fabricated by MEMS technology. In-vivo experiments were performed to demonstrate the sensing and stimulating ability the behavior chip. The fabricated position sensor could successfully sense the position of Drosophila. Moreover, the fabricated punisher could deliver electric shock to control the Drosophila distribution on chip.

A novel antenna designed for the RFID reader with circular polarization (CP) operation is proposed in this paper. The antenna contains a 50-Ω microstrip feed line, two resonant paths on the top substrate, and a system ground on the bottom substrate. Experimental results show that good CP radiation performances of the proposed design are obtained, and both the impedance bandwidth and 3-dB axialratio bandwidth are also met the Japanese RFID requirement. The proposed antenna also has advantages of compact, simple structure, ease fabrication, and low cost.

This study demonstrated a novel tunable quality factor and self-assembly inductor using an alternating magnetic flux. The merit of the design was to tilt the inductor from the lossy substrate and localize welding for assembly simultaneously using the magnetic film. The 8-turn of meander strip inductor with a thickness of 10 µm was fabricated using MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. The RF performance of the inductor at various tilting angles away from the substrate (0°, 45°, and 90°) was characterized by using a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA). The measurement results indicated that the quality factor (Q) and the self-resonant frequency (f res ) can be enhanced about 107% and 1.08%, respectively.

A microfluidic device for generating monodisperse chitosan microparticles and separating the desired particle from smaller particles created as a byproduct of this process was described. The purpose of this study is to separate the satellite droplets from their parent droplets to enhance the size uniformity of the desired microparticles. A double T-junction design was first employed to control the emulsification and the separation, respectively. The results show that the size and gap of the parent droplets are tunable by adjusting the water and oil flow rates. A separation ratio of the satellite droplets of more than 99% was observed. The proposed microfluidic chip is capable of generating relatively uniform micro-droplets with well controllable diameter, and it has the added advantages of being a simple, low cost, and high throughput process. In the future this apparatus can be used to fabricate size-controlled monodisperse microparticles to act as drug carriers for biotechnology and biomedicine applications.