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Shanshan Hou,1,2 Xiaokang Wang,3 Fang Wang,4 Zhongliang Li,5 Hui Wang,6 Jiahui Li,7 Jing Wang,8 Haiying He,9 Liping Deng,10 Yushu Feng,11 Xiufang Fan,12 Wen Li,13 Qinghua Lu,14 Yanying Ma,15 Guoying Zhao,16 Simmy Reddy,17 Yanqiu Wu,2,&ast; Yonghui Yu1,3,&ast; 1Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Neonatology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Neonatology, W.F. Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, 261011, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Neonatology, Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang, 065000, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Neonatology, Women and Children’s Healthcare Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, 276000, People’s Republic of China; 9Department of Neonatology, Baogang Third Hospital of Hongci Group, Baotou, 014010, People’s Republic of China; 10Department of Neonatology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274031, People’s Republic of China; 11Department of Neonatology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, 276000, People’s Republic of China; 12Department of Neonatology, Jinan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, 250001, People’s Republic of China; 13Department of Neonatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China; 14Department of Neonatology, Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China; 15Department of Neonatology, Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, 271100, People’s Republic of China; 16Department of Neonatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, People’s Republic of China; 17Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yonghui Yu, Department of Neonatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 234, Jingwu, Road, Huai Yin District, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0531-66953201, Email alice20402@126.com; yuyonghui6888@126.com Yanqiu Wu, Department of Pediatric, the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 20, Yuhuangding East Road, Zhi fu District, Yantai, 264000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0535-6691999, Email yqwu76@126.comPurpose: Significant antibiotic overuse due to prolonged antibiotic duration has not draw enough attention in developing countries with high antibiotic consumption. We aimed to describe the current status of prolonged early antibiotic duration in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants in a large regional multicenter cohort in China.Patients and Methods: Institution-based prospective cohort study was conducted in all VLBW infants admitted to 16 Grade A tertiary hospitals between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Early antibiotic use was defined as antibiotic initiation within the first 3 days of life. Prolonged early antibiotic course was defined as early antibiotic initiation for more than 7 days in infants with early-onset sepsis (EOS) or more than 3 days in infants with unlikely EOS. Antibiotic use was described as days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient days (PD).Results: Among 1684 eligible VLBW infants, 1544 (91.7%) infants were prescribed with prolonged early antibiotic course, including 618 infants with EOS and 926 infants with unlikely EOS. The median duration of early antibiotic course was 13 (IQR 8;20) days, with 78.0% of courses > 7 days and 43.6% of courses > 14 days. Total early antibiotic use was 408.3DOT/1000Pd, of which prolonged antibiotic courses accounted for 98.2% of all antibiotic use days. More than three antibiotics used, escalation antibiotic therapy, antibiotics for special use and the use of third generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were significantly common in prolonged courses compared to short courses in both infants with EOS and unlikely EOS group (P< 0.05).Conclusion: A large proportion of VLBW infants had excessively prolonged early antibiotic durations in the regional multicenter in China. Timely discontinuation of antibiotics in VLBW infants according to standardized guidelines and limit on the use of third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems may be key drivers in reducing the antibiotic overuse in developing countries like ours.Keywords: very-low-birth-weight infants, early antibiotic use, prolonged antibiotic course, days of therapy

Chlamydia psittaci is the causative agent of psittacosis, a worldwide zoonotic disease. A rapid, specific, and sensitive diagnostic assay would be benefit for C. psittaci infection control. In this study, an assay combining recombinase-aided amplification and a lateral flow strip (RAA-LF) for the detection of active C. psittaci infection was developed. The RAA-LF assay targeted the CPSIT_RS02830 gene of C. psittaci and could be accomplished in 15 min at a single temperature (39°C). The analytical sensitivity of the assay was as low as 1 × 100 copies/μl and no cross-reaction with some other intracellular pathogens was observed. Moreover, all feces samples from mice infected with C. psittaci at day-1 post-infection were positive in the RAA-LF assay. In conclusion, the RAA-LF assay provides a convenient, rapid, specific and sensitive method for detection of active C. psittaci infection and it is also suitable for C. psittaci detection in field.

Additional file 1. Antimicrobial Resistance of Common EOS and HALOS Causing Pathogens at 25 NICUs, January 2017 - December 2019.

Severe thermal trauma covering more than 30% of the total body surface area (TBSA) triggers a sustained pathophysiological response, which includes, but is not limited to, hypermetabolism, chronic inflammation, and severe skeletal muscle wasting. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an important class of pervasive genes involved in a variety of biological functions. However, the functions of lncRNAs in the regulation of responses of skeletal muscle wasting after severe burn have remained untested.Presently examined were the expression profiles of lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in skeletal muscle tissues of 3 pairs of burned rats at the early flow phase, compared with sham rats, using microarray. Each potential lncRNA-mRNA pair identified is a strong candidate in the definitive confirmation of the presence of specific lncRNA-mRNA interactions, thus providing a detailed picture of the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle wasting in burned rats.LncRNA expression levels were compared among 3 injured tissues and matched normal tissues from microarray data. An average of 117 significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs (1.5-fold) were identified. Only 202 mRNAs were significantly upregulated or downregulated, an average of 92 mRNAs were upregulated in injured, compared to matched normal, tissues, while an average of 110 mRNAs) were downregulated.Presently identified were lncRNAs differentially expressed in skeletal muscles of burned rats, compared to normal tissues. Regulatory pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle wasting. Each lncRNA-mRNA pair identified is a strong candidate for a future study to definitively confirm the presence of specific lncRNA-mRNA interactions, thus providing a more detailed picture of the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle wasting in burned rats.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of the Lixujieyu recipe combined with Five Elements music therapy on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) identified as the symptom patterns of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods Patients with CFS were randomly divided into treatment group 1 (Lixujieyu recipe combined with Gong-Tune, n = 15); treatment group 2 (Lixujieyu recipe combined with Jiao-Tune, n = 15); treatment group 3 (Lixujieyu recipe combined with Yu-Tune, n = 15); treatment group 4 (Lixujieyu recipe combined with Shang-Tune, n = 15); treatment group 5 (Lixujieyu recipe combined with Zhi-Tune, n = 15); and the control group (Lixujieyu recipe alone, n = 15). Chinese medicine was given twice daily, and music was listened to for 45 minutes daily, 5 days a week. All patients were treated for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed via the Fatigue Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale before and after treatment. Results Treatment groups 1 and 2 had better effects on relieving the symptoms of physical fatigue related to anxiety and depression than the control group (P Conclusion Lixujieyu recipe combined with Gong-Tune or Jiao-Tune significantly relieved the symptoms of CFS.

Yu Yonghui, Qiu Haixiong, and Cui Qiang tell the story of one typical Guangdong industrial cluster and the role of a government-initiated and -funded Innovation Center in balancing central policy. Local officials, the local merchant association, and local universities helped to give Guangdong private firms the information, knowledge, and ability to buy modern equipment that they needed in order to be able to manufacture products for the world market.

BACKGROUND Severe burn injuries are associated with a persistent hypermetabolic response, which causes long-term loss of muscle mass that results in a clinical negative balance of nitrogen and muscle wasting. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, which negatively regulates gene expression by promoting degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting their translation. However, the mechanisms of skeletal muscle wasting after severe burn involved in miRNAs still remain unclear. METHODS In this study, the alterations of miRNAs expression profile in skeletal muscles of thermal rats were detected at an early stage by microarray. All data were presented as mean±SD. Statistical analysis was determined by independent Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. The significance was all set at p