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Accumulation of moisture in the building envelopes may corrode the building structures or deteriorate the indoor environment. In this paper, a hybrid method for moisture transport analysis for solar structures was developed. This hybrid method first adopts state space method to calculate the joint surface temperature between the solar collector and building structure, and then simulate the moisture transport of the building structure by Delphin. The hybrid method was validated by experiments. The moisture transport of an integrated structure of solar collector with a wall, i.e. solar wall, in Shanghai under dry and wet conditions were studied and compared with an ordinary wall by the hybrid method. The results indicated that the solar wall had lower moisture content than ordinary walls in dry conditions. However, if there was wet layer of 10 mm in the wall, the solar wall took much more days to turn dry than the ordinary wall. Therefore, the sealing and waterproof measures should be carefully taken when integrating solar collectors with buildings to prevent water from entering into the solar wall.

A building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal (BIPVT) system integrates building envelope and photovoltaic-thermal collectors to produce electricity and heat. In this paper, the electrical and thermal performance of roof-based BIPVT systems developed in the recent two decades and their effects on heating and cooling load of the building are reviewed. According to the use of thermal energy from the photovoltaic (PV) panels, the roof-based BIPVT are classified into three classes: cooling of PV, air heating, and water heating. Each class is further divided into several types according to the designs of the integrated PV roofs. Compared with BIPV systems, the total efficiency of most BIPVT systems is significantly improved. However, the decrease in electricity output and adverse impact on the indoor environment is also found for some designs of BIPVT systems in some climates. The advantages and disadvantages of various designs are discussed. Issues to be further studied in the future are also provided in this review.

Increasing demand for DRAM scaling and high-bandwidth has driven DRAM technology to 3D/2.5D integration. With the innovative Hybrid Bonding technology, a new Stacked Embedded DRAM (SEDRAM) architecture was developed on LPDDR4/4X product. In this SEDRAM, a DRAM array wafer and logic wafer were fabricated separately and then face-to-face fusion connected through ultra-high-density, low-resistance Hybrid Bonding. By separating the control, I/O, DFT and periphery circuits to a logic die, SEDRAM offers a novel approach to DRAM product development and accomplishes an extremely high-bandwidth logic-to-memory interface speed of 34GBps per 1Gb with low power consumption as low as 0.88pJ/bit.

Building-integrated solar thermal system is a new tendency in the building sector. An active solar wall is studied in this paper, which integrates flat plate solar thermal collector and building wall. The performance of an active solar wall is predicted by the state space model and measured by experimental testing respectively. The calculated results by state space model agree well with the measured data from experimental testing, which indicates that state space model is valid. Thermal analysis for a particular solar wall is conducted in clear and cloudy days either in summer or winter respectively by state space model under Shanghai meteorological conditions and compared with the separate wall. The results indicate that: (1) Integration has a little effect on the useful heat gains by solar collector. In clear summer days, the useful heat gains are less than the separate solar collector by about 2–3%; In clear winter days, the useful heat gain is greater than the separate solar collector by about 5–8%; (2) Integration has great effect on the heat flow through walls. In clear summer, heat flow into the room through solar wall is significantly reduced by 55–63% than the separate wall. It is favorable to reduce cooling load. In winter, heat loss through solar wall is heavily reduced by about 80–88% than the separate wall. It is favorable to reduce the space heating load in winter.

The evolution of mechanical parameters, a factor affecting the mechanical reliability, has gathered more attention nowadays. However, studies on time varying uncertainty can hardly be found. A new method based on evolution-based uncertainty design (EBUD) is applied to the design of gear in this paper. Considering the wear evolution over the lifetime, a tooth wear’s time-varying uncertainty model based on the continuous-time model and Ito lemma is established. Drift and volatility functions dependent on the drift rate and volatility rate of rotational speed and torque are used to express the time-varying uncertainty of tooth thickness. The method can predict the reliability and provide an instruction in reliability improving, maintenance and repair of the gear system.

In order to study the effect of flexural stiffness on the mechanical properties of single conductor under wind load, a configuration function of the conductor considering stiffness is established in this paper. Based on the configuration function, the finite element model is established, and the effects of suspension point angle, span on the mechanical properties of down lead conductor under wind load are studied. The results show that, compared with the catenary model, the model in this paper is more consistent with the experimental fitting formula. The angle of the suspension point has obvious influence on the tension of down lead conductor. With the increase of the angle of the suspension point from 0°to 80°, the tension decreases by nearly one third. The bending moment is affected by the alignment, and the reverse sign appears with the increase of suspension point angle. When the redundancy rate is the same, the span increases from 2 m to 4 m, and the tension of the conductor decreases by 18%.

A model of the relative compression ratio for single-particle crushed products, based on the distinct element method (DEM) and numerical analysis, was established to describe precisely the crushed products of granular particles during laminated crushing. The relative compression ratio model was used to describe the functional relationship between the total compression ratio and the single-particle compression ratio, which can be described by lognormal distribution. The single-particle crushed products model was used to describe the functional relationship between the single-particle compression ratio and the distribution of single-particle crushed products. The distribution of single-particle crushed products was described by a three-parameter beta distribution. On the basis of the above model, the function of laminated crushed products of granular particles was established. According to the simulation results of EDEM under confining pressure, a functional relationship between total compression ratio, particle size, and height of the granular particles for laminated crushed products of granular particles was built. It was proved that the function of the theoretical particle size distribution coefficient of laminated crushed products of granular particles was not too different from the actual value determined by simulation. The function is universal and can be used to provide a theoretical basis and a design reference for the design of cone crushers, high-pressure roller mills, and other crushing equipment.

Using RS (Remote Sensing) and GIS (Geographic Information System) technology, the upper part of the Miyun reservoir area was studied to evaluate landslide risk. Adopting the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process), six evaluation element including slope, elevation, land use, vegetation cover, soil type, rainfall were selected as the evaluation factors. The research area was divided into five regions as follows, landslide hardly ever happening, landslide difficultly happening, landslide possibly happening, landslide easily happening and landslide extremely easily happening by researching the weighted superposition by spatial analysis in the ArcGIS environment.

To avoid the computational complexity and the mismatching between the results and qualitative analysis by using regression analysis, the method of grey relational analysis is selected after methods comparing to analyze the relation between piezometer water level and its influencing factors and estimate the height of the saturation line for a sluice in the Lower Yellow River. The concepts of degrees of grey incidence are discussed in detail to show how to determine which factors are the most important for the dependent variable and their orders. An example given in the paper indicate that the grey relational analysis is effective to extract the important factors for piezometer water level, and the results show that the grey incidence orders which show that the water level of downstream of that very day is critical for the piezometer water level of the sluice.

Miyun City's eco-environment is studied in this paper by using GIS and RS technology according to the two terms of high-resolution satellite imagery in 1999 and 2006. Land use, normalized difference vegetation index, population, temperature, GDP, rainfall and other data are selected as the factors. By combining AHP method to determine the weight factor for each of the grid map, ecological and environmental quality assessments are analyzed.

With business and institution managers as the research subjects, 170 questionnaires were collected through mail and on‐the‐spot investigation. The results were: Forming time management effectiveness scale (TMES) including 11 inner factors; female manager is lower than male in total time management effectiveness; the total amount of male manager’s working time per week adds up to 52.489 hours and female manager’s 46.438 hours. Differences are seen in the amount and structure of working time as well as non‐working time. Finally, there is no significant difference between male and female managers in the serious degree of each wasting time factor but difference in sequence. The results here can serve as a reference for further studying and developing time management theory, for probing into the gender differences in time management, and will improve managers’ management practice.

Energetic cluster impact (ECI) deposition was applied to grow titanium nitride films on silicon (100) substrate at room temperature. Proton elastic scattering (PES), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to characterize the composition, structure and morphology of TiNx films, respectively. The PES results reveal that the films are N-deficient and there exists a certain amount of oxygen impurity in the films. It is found from the XRD results that the structure of TiNx films is sensitive to experimental conditions such as nitrogen gas partial pressure, sputtering current and substrate bias voltage and that TiNx films are (220) preferred orientation within some range of experimental conditions. The AFM observation indicates that the films become more uniform and compact with increasing substrate bias voltage. The root mean square roughness also decreases with increasing bias voltage. Some interpretation for the above results are also given in this paper.

Titanium nitride (TiN) films were formed on silicon (100) substrates at room temperature by energetic cluster impact deposition (ECID). The films show a gold-like color. The influence of deposition conditions, such as nitrogen partial pressure (PN2) and sputter current (Is), on the properties of the films, was investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), proton elastic scattering (PES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The RBS results show the film thickness is typically 360 nm. It is found using PES spectra that the relative content of nitrogen in the films increases first fast then slowly with the increase of nitrogen gas partial pressure (PN2). XRD results show the films appear to be (220) preferential orientation. Additionally, a certain amount of oxygen impurity was incorporated into the films. Some explanations for the above results are also given in this paper.

A novel cluster beam deposition method of energetic cluster impact (ECI) is applied in the preparation of metallic films and compound films. A quartz crystal oscillator is used to measure the deposit rate of the films. It is found that it can reach up to 10 nm/min. The influence of deposition parameters on the properties of the films has been investigated preliminarily using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS). The AFM results show that the morphology of the films is very sensitive to the sputter current and the cluster energy. The RBS spectra reveal that the impurity level in the films is very low and the film thickness is varied with the cluster impact energy, the pressure in the sputter chamber, etc. The experimental results indicate that smooth, compact and uniform films with strong adhesion have been successfully prepared.

Basing on groundwater quality data collected in Beijing and groundwater chemical characteristic, the paper studies the hydrogeochemistry law of groundwater total hardness of Beijing suburb in some methods such as groundwater solute transportation simulation and the geological statistics. Set up hydrogeology conception model, mathematic model and the three-dimensional groundwater total hardness transportation model. At last, the paper forecasts evolution trend of total hardness, which provides the scientific evidence for groundwater management.

This paper describes the wireless communication module NRF905 in the bank application of queuing systems. Describes the system's overall design, a brief introduction NRF905 module hardware features and software programming. Focuses on the realization of wireless communication methods and the development of communication protocols. Also introduced the system hardware design and workflow of each module. The system performed well in actuall use.

In this paper, we propose a new method for solving the Shipborn Weapon System Optimal Configuration (SWSOC) problem. This method mainly divides establishment of the outranking between schemes into two steps. Firstly, local preference indexes are calculated by comparing the sub-attributes of one scheme with another one, and then these index subsets are integrated into binary relation of two schemes. Though this method could add to the computing quantity of decision making, it makes the decision-maker much more clearly about the system, and increases the feasibility of ranking results.

The heat transfer performance of carbon dioxide in a horizontal tube with water in counter flow was experimentally investigated in this paper. The results indicate that the changes of inlet pressure, mass flow rate and cooling water flow rate have major effects on heat transfer performance. The coefficient and heat transfer capacity can be improved by increasing inlet pressure, mass flow rate and cooling water flow rate. The variation of inlet temperature has none effects on heat transfer coefficient. And the heat transfer coefficient of carbon dioxide inside the tube is further greater than that of water outside the tube. Enhancement heat transfer should be adopted in outside

This article introduces a type of embedded single chip network measure and control system based on Ethernet, which adopts high speed single chip with kernel of 8052. Through controlling the special chip for Ethernet, the system realized the function of TCP/IP protocol. Since the system can be used as an independent system, any computer on the net can control the system or transmit order and data to the system through standard TCP/IP protocol. Equipped the system by digital temperature sensor, it can be used to measure industry field temperature and transmit the results to computer through network, and then get temperature curve. And its measure and control range are all -10~+125degC, the accuracy is plusmn1degC, the resolution reaches 0.1degC. This system have many advantages such as simple structure, better universal, communicating through network, flexible usage, low cost etc. It can be adapted by various intelligent sensors and has better expanding ability. It can be used in the fields of powder object temperature measurement remote data acquisition, remote measurement and control and so on.

Sensor or transducers is a kind of important tool for completion of signal collection, and is a device which can feel the physical world of light, pressure, temperature, flow, level, acceleration, force, etc. Then convert this signal into usefulness output signal according to a certain law. The output of some sensors, such as piezoresistive sensor, strain sensor bridge sensor, thermocouple sensor, thermal resistance sensor, angle sensor, accelerometer sensor, humidity sensor, capacitive sensor, piezoelectric sensor etc., is very weak. Its temperature dependence and linearity are worse, and the SNR in the process of transference decrease significantly. For this disadvantage, the signals must be processed before post-processing. It can be realized by the digitally controlled potentiometers. In the fiber receiver, photodiode programmable transimpedance amplifier with digitally controlled potentiometers converts the current into voltage. Using the digitally controlled potentiometers, it can be linear that the characteristic of the platinum thermal resistance temperature sensor (including zero adjustment and full-range adjustment) and fault detect, and it can meet the request of accurate temperature measurement. The digitally controlled potentiometers also can be used in pressure measurement system to calibrate the offset voltage and full-range of the pressure sensor. Finally, the topology with feedback system constituted by digitally controlled potentiometers was provided.

The digitally controlled potentiometer is a kind of new style electronic device, which have good development foreground. It can replace the mechanical potentiometer in many fields. The MCU can program the digitally controlled potentiometer through interface circuit to compose programmable analogy device. The paper provides the principle of the test circuit of the digitally controlled potentiometer, and expatiates the test methods and test data and note items of the test technology. The test parameters include integral nonlinearity error, differential nonlinearity error, the wiper resistance and wiper capacitance. When using the key stroking digitally controlled potentiometer, the debouncing circuit has to be used to avoid the misoperation caused by the bounce. The misoperation will cause that the setup value of the potentiometer is not accordant with the times of key pressing. Analyzing the waveform of the bounce, we find out that the character of the waveform is a kind of high frequency noise. They are sharp pulse or wider pulse, and have some randomness. In the close process, the amplitude of the voltage of the pulses lower and lower, in the end the amplitude reached low level. In the open process the amplitude of the voltage of the pulses higher and higher, in the end the amplitude reached high level. The paper expatiates the debouncing circuit design of the key press digitally controlled potentiometer. The first project is using filter and time delay to avoid the bouncing time. The second project is using software and bouncing judge methods the two projects can be selected in need. The theory and the test methods are all verified and of practical value.

The structure and basic theory of automatic inclinometer system was presented, which take advanced quartz servo-accelerometer as sense organ. Quartz inclinometer can be used to measure the vertical vector of gravitation g in axes using probe sensor in order to confirm the incline angle of probe axes relatively horizontal. Therefore uprightness displacement of probe axes relatively horizontal can be calculated based on this measure principle .The paper presents the real-time measuring curve of quartz inclinometer. The result indicates that the system has many merits, such as high measure precision, better anti-jamming character, light mass, low power cost and it fits fieldwork for power supply by battery.

Hexagonal diamond nano-grains in irradiated surface of graphite produced by ion bombardment at high doses of 0.6keV Ar+ have been found,using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).The average diameter (D) of the grains was varied between ～2 and ～50nm,and the grain population decreases almost monotonic ally as grain size increases.It is of interest to note that they exhibit a distinctly bimodal structure.For diameters less than 10nm,the microstructure of grains are single crystals,but the polycrystal structure of nano-grains with larger diameter (>10nm) can be also observed.The characteristics of this bimodal structure are on the basis of hexagonal diamond nano-grain nucleation and growth mechanisms,which are restricted by the characteristics of ion bombardment processes.