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The important first stage in the life cycle of a program is gathering and analysing requirements for creating or developing a system. The classification of program needs is a crucial step that will be used later in the design and implementation phases. The classification process may be done manually, which takes a lot of time, effort, and money, or it can be done automatically using intelligent approaches, which takes a lot less time, effort, and money. Building a system that supports the needs classification process automatically is a crucial part of software development. The goal of this research is to look into the many automatic classification approaches that are currently available. To assist researchers and software developers in selecting the suitable requirement categorization approach, those requirements were divided into functional and non-functional requirements. since natural language is full of ambiguity and is not well defined, and has no regular structure, it is considered somewhat variable. This paper presents machine requirement classification where system development requirements are categorized into functional and non-functional requirements by using two machine learning approaches. During this research paper, MATLAB 2020a was used, as well as the study's results indicate When applying Multinomial Naive Bayes technology, the model achieves the highest accuracy of 95.55 %,93.09 % sensitivity, and 96.48 % precision, However, when using Logist Regression, the suggested model has a classification accuracy of 91.23 %,91.54 % sensitivity, and 94.32 % precision.

Worldwide, one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity is ischemic strokes. There is considerable memory deficits and cognitive learning among the impairments indicated in the survivors. After ischemia event, the neuroprotective strategies were examined for minimizing these deficits. This study is investigating the protective effect and toxicity of M. oleifera extract on potential oxidative stress in animal model related to ischemia-reperfusion. Also, there are thirty-six male Wistar rats (350–430 g) have been divided into 3 groups, in treatment group, the M. oleifera leaves extracts at 400 mg/kg doses has been orally and daily given 3 times a day in two weeks prior to the occlusion regarding cerebral 2 arteries for 25 mins. Later, blood was drawn from the heart for biochemical analyses regarding potential oxidative stress effects. Ischemia–reperfusion impaired showing M.oleifera extracts supplementation the capability to protect from the oxidative effect; Show the extract have the ability of maintaining the functional levels related to antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px, SOD as well as the vital signs glutathione MDA and GSH.

Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) can be defined as one of the plants which great medicinal and nutritional value. This plant is considered to be native to India, also it has been currently majorly distributed in sub-tropical and tropical world regions. The plant has various parts which are protein sources, minerals, vitamin, also presenting biotechnological and pharmacological possibilities. With this regard, the presented work is gathering information on the discussed plant and showing its pharmacological and nutritional potential, in addition to their chemical constituents. Due to the great nutritive values of the plant, each tree part is adequate for commercial or nutritional uses. The plant’s leaves have a lot of vitamins, minerals, also other significant phytochemicals. The leaves’ extracts are utilized for treating malnutrition, it has been applied as possible antioxidant.

The main forces acting on minerals in conventional size reduction units are compression, impact, attrition, and/or abrasion. Usually a combination of these forces shares the breakage action of the minerals with one or more of these forces dominating the breaking action, depending on the machine used. The present work concentrates on the behavior of quartz when stressed with compression force in a confined piston die. Several size fractions within the size range minus 10 mm to plus 0.85 mm were compressed in the piston die. The measured parameters are compression load, bed thickness, displacement as a result of compression, rate of displacement, and the size distribution of the products. It was found that the size distributions are, to some extent, different from those produced by the ball mill or the high-pressure roll mill. This is mainly because of the differences in the type of the acting forces in each case. It was also found that the cumulative weight of the distributions is reasonably normalizable with respect to the median particle size of the product. The specific energy expended is inversely proportional to the median size of the products, and the reduction ratios, xf/xp, are directly proportional to the applied compression force, and hence, to the specific energy expended. A simple model is suggested for predicting the particle size distribution as a function of the expended energy. The calculated values of the size distributions match fairly well with the experimental values, except at the very low energy levels, where most of the energy expended is consumed in the rearrangement and packing of the particles in the confined space with little or no breakage.

Putrefaction and decay of preserved cadaver and body parts is one of the major issues that the faculties of medicines in various third world countries are facing. In this study we focus on the meaning of body preservation, causes of putrefaction and we highlight our personal experiences at the Faculty of Medicine in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in KSA, in preserving the body cadavers. We studied different physical and chemical methods of preservation of cadavers and body parts at the faculty and their efficiency in preventing bacteria and fungi that cause putrefaction and decay.

Wet age-related macular degeneration wARMD is the leading cause of central visual loss in elderly patients in the developed countries. Overexpression of vascular endothelial grown factor (VEGF) is known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization. Aflibercept is a fully human, recombinant fusion protein that inhibits VEGF. It has a higher tendency to combine with VEGF-A and it blocks other factors such as VEGF-B and placental growth.

Importance: Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. There are two phenotypes of AMD as defined by the United Kingdom Department of Health: neovascular AMD (nAMD) and geographic atrophy (GA). GA can develop after nAMD as well. There is recent evidence of the development of GA after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment. Our study aims to assess the percentage, risk factors and characteristics of patients developing GA after the different anti-VEGF medications for nAMD. Observations: We retrospectively reviewed case records of 1415 eyes diagnosed with nAMD treated with anti-VEGF for a period of 60 months. Pre and post anti-VEGF treatment characteristics were recorded. Main outcome measures were the number of patients that developed GA after treated for nAMD with aflibercept, ranibizumab and bevaciumab. Secondary outcome measures included the following: number of injections per type, mean change in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), area of GA, central macular thickness (CMT), and the proportion of patients showing change in intra- retinal fluid (IRF), sub-retinal fluid (SRF) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED). 109 eyes (7.7%) developed GA after the last assessment. The number of injections was significantly related to the development of GA, R2=0.000246358, P

Study has been made of the contribution of the pair production process in calculation of detector efficiency. Particular attention has been paid to positron annihilation in flight and subsequent scattering of the annihilation quanta in the detector material. A mathematical formula has been derived to directly calculate the liner attenuation coefficient of the full-energy peak ( μ p ) for a Ge (Li) detector using an axial point source. The calculated values of the photopeak efficiency are found to be in a good agreement with published experimental data.

A new type of photon detector, log-conical, is proposed. The average path length traveled by an incident photon of arbitrary energy as well as the geometrical solid angle are calculated in a mathematical expression to determine the efficiencies of this detector for an arbitrarily positioned isotropic radiating point source. The off-axis effect of the source position was analyzed to demonstrate the powerful capability of the proposed method. The results are compared with those obtained using a standard 3″×3″ cylindrical detector of the same volume in order to show the enhanced efficiency of the log-conical detector.

A mathematical expression to calculate the full-energy peak efficiency of HPGe well-type detectors has been derived in an integral form. The attenuation of photons by the source itself (self-absorption), the source container and the detector end cap materials is also included. The calculated values of the efficiency are found to be in good agreement with the published experimental data.

A statistical integral formulation of the total efficiency for the general wide coaxial circular disk source–cylindrical NaI(Tl) detector arrangement (source radius S>detector radius R) is presented. Simple programming is possible and short computer time is needed.

Total efficiencies of clad right cylindrical NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors exposed to photons emitted by circular disk sources have been calculated by using rigid mathematical expressions. Results are tabulated for various gamma energies.

By the use of spherical coordinates, direct expressions for the total efficiency of a cylindrical NaI(Tl) detector arising from a non-axial point (ϱ > R) and coaxial-circular disk (S > R) of isotropic radiating sources, are deduced. Results are compared with previous treatments.

The actual neutron energy and spatial distributions in a medium arising from unidirectional normally incident monoenergetic neutrons has been theoretically calculated using statistical techniques. The present medium of interest is an infinite plane slab of material. The nutron beam is incident isotropically on one face and the differential flux at different locations along the slab's thickness has been calculated. Effects of inelastic scattering have been also considered. Comparison with other calculations is given.

By the use of simple analytical spherical-trigonometry a mathematical expression of a solid angle subtended by a point to a plane triangle is deduced. Generalizing, solid angles subtended by a non-axial point source to a circular disk detector and a circular disk source to a circular disk detector are deduced into rigid mathematical expressions very easily computed, for the first time. Results were compared with previous tabulations. By this method, with some mathematical manipulations, solid angles could be deduced for detectors of different geometrical shapes, e.g. rectangular, elliptical, spherical and cylindrical.

Total and full-energy peak efficiencies, coincidence correction factors and the source self-absorption of a p-type coaxial HPGe detector for cylindrical sources have been calculated using direct analytical expressions. In the experiments gamma aqueous sources containing several radionuclides covering the energy range from 60 to 1836 keV were used. By comparison, the theoretical and experimental full-energy peak efficiency values are in good agreement.

The calibration of cylindrical detectors using different types of radioactive sources is a matter of routine. The most accurate method, that of experiment, is limited by several factors when the energy interval is broad, requiring a relatively large number of primary standards, implying considerable investment of money and time. Several other techniques can be used instead, including Monte Carlo simulations and semi-empirical methods. Calculations based on the first technique require good definition of the geometry and materials, including the dead layer and window thickness together with an accurate set of cross-sections. The second technique requires two different types of experimental input, the first being from use of sources emitting cascade g rays and the second from use of sources emitting isolated g rays in order to cover the wide energy range and provide coincidence-summing corrections, respectively. Here, we introduce a new theoretical approach based on the Direct Statistical method proposed by Selim and Abbas to calculate the total and the full-energy peak (photopeak) efficiencies for both point and thin circular disk sources for scintillation and semiconductor detectors. The present method combines calculation of the average path length covered by the photon inside the detector active volume and the geometrical solid angle O, to obtain a simple formula for the different efficiencies. Results from the present model were tested against data sets obtained with previous treatments in order to underline how simple and fast our calculations are. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Activated carbons were prepared from rice husk by chemical activation using various alkali hydroxides (KOH, NaOH) as activating agent. The influences of activation parameters such as impregnation ratio, activation temperature and retention time on the final products were investigated, and the optimum preparation conditions were determined. The products were characterized by nitrogen gas adsorption isotherms at −196 °C and the surface areas and pore volume of the carbon were estimated by BET method. The specific surface area and pore volume were as high as 2960, 2450 m2/g and 2.159. 1.525 ml/g for activated carbons prepared using KOH, NaOH, respectively. Adsorption of Cr (VI) ions from solutions onto the resulting activated carbons have been studied. The effect of the solution pH on the adsorption was studied in the pH range 1-7 and 25±2 °C. The results show that the process was pH dependent. The experimental adsorption isotherm data were analyzed using three models, Freundlich, Langmuir and BET isotherm models and various adsorption parameters have been calculated. Equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model. The results indicated that the prepared activated carbons are suitable adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) from wastewaters effluents.

Summary 1. Penicillium egyptiacum isolated from soil in Egypt, differs from most species of the genus in producing perithecia with readiness on most common media. 2. Tests of its behaviour at various temperatures, on media of different p H, in conditions of different humidity and at reduced atmospheric pressure, show that special conditions of the environment have no particular effect on the formation of the perithecia. Of the conditions tested, humidity seems to exert most effect. 3. The archicarp is not coiled, but has the form of a short, stout septate hypha. 4. Asci develop rapidly, and not after a period of inactivity. 5. The species is homothallic.