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In September 2020, typical anthracnose symptoms were observed on cotton (Gossypium indicum Lam.) leaves growing in Hahoe village, Andong, Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The leaves of the infected plant...

본 연구의 목적은 타인의 수학 수업을 평가할 때와 자신의 수업을 성찰할 때 나타나는 예비 중등 수학교사의 주목하기 특징을 분석하여, 예비 교사 교육에 대한 시사점을 도출하고자 하는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 예비 중등 교사 20명을 대상으로 타인의 수업을 평가하면서 작성한 우수수업동영상 평가지와 자신의 수업을 성찰하면서 작성한 자기수업성찰문을 수집하였고, 주체, 주제, 견지, 근거차원으로 분석하여 예비 교사들의 주목하기 특징을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 예비교사들은 교사의 ‘교수활동’에 가장 많이 주목하였으며, 주목한 대상에 대해 ‘평가’하는 진술이 가장 많이 나타났다. 또한 예비교사들은 주목한 대상에 대해 판단하는 근거로 교육과정, 수업의 연결성, 학생의 수학적 사고 그리고 흥미 또는 참여와 같이 다양한 요소를 제시하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 예비교사 교육 프로그램에서 수업평가, 수업성찰의 기회를 제공하는 것이 예비교사들이 타인 뿐 아니라 자신을 주목할 수 있는 기회를 제공하여 예비 교사들의 수업전문성 신장에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사한다.

Severe disease with leaf spots and necrotic symptoms were observed in Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (Regel) Hara (A. triphylla) during the survey in July 2020 on a field in Andong, Gyeongbuk province, Korea. It is a highly valued medicinal plant used to treat various diseases, including cough, cancer, and obesity. The infected plants initially showed spots with halo lesions, at later stages, enlarged and spread to the leaves, which the lesions becoming yellowing and chlorotic (Fig. 1). In some areas, disease incidence was up to 15% of the plants. The symptomatic samples were collected from A. triphylla and cut into 4 to 5 mm squares, surface-sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, rinsed three times, and macerated in sterile distilled water (SDW). They were spread onto nutrient agar (NA) plates and incubated at 28°C for 3 days. The representative bacterial strains selected for identification showed fluorescent colonies on King's medium B (KB). Fifteen isolates from independent samples were subjected to biochemical and pathogenicity tests. The isolates induced a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco leaves, gave a reaction in the anaerobe respiratory test, and were negative for levan, oxidase, arginine dihydrolase, gelatin hydrolysis, aesculin hydrolysis, and starch hydrolysis. The isolated strains presented the following LOPAT profile: - - + - +. The Biolog GN2 microplate and the Release 4.20 system putatively found the isolate to exhibit 93% similarity with the bacterium, Pseudomonas viridiflava. Likewise, analysis of FAME profiles using the Microbial identification system (Sherlock version 3.1) also characterized the representative bacterial strain as P. viridiflava with 87% similarity. The genomic DNA of the isolate was extracted, and the 16S rDNA sequence was amplified with a universal bacterial primer set (27F and 1492R). The sequence was submitted to GenBank under the accession number MT975233. BLASTn analysis yielded 99.79% identity with P. viridiflava strain RT228.1b (accession no. AY604846.1) and 99.72% similarity with P. viridiflava KNOX249.1b strain (accession no. AY604848.1). Phylogenetic dendrogram constructed from the comparative analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequences showing the relationship between P. viridiflava GYUN274 and related Pseudomonas species (Fig. 2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted three times on seedling of A. triphylla by spraying 50 ml of bacterial suspensions of a 24-h culture in KB medium (108 CFU/ml). The leaves inoculated with SDW alone did not develop symptoms; however, the plants treated with isolated bacterial suspensions developed halo and blight symptoms similar to those observed in the field 7 days post-inoculation. Finally, Koch's postulates were verified by re-isolating P. viridiflava from all symptomatic tissues and determined to be morphologically identical to the original isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight disease of A. triphylla caused by P. viridiflava in Korea. Based on the observed symptoms, and identification by morphological characteristics, molecular data, and pathogenicity against the host plant, the proper control measures can be identified in future studies.

This qualitative study examined Korean immigrant women's experience of marital abuse and post-divorce adjustment. This study aimed to explore the lives of Korean immigrant women who are underrepresented among minorities, to examine cultural and institutional factors which play key roles in Korean immigrant women's decision to leave abusive relationships, and to move beyond the general question of “Why do they stay?” to “How do they survive?” Korean immigrant women went through several stages from abused wives to self-reliant divorced women: premature marriage, marital dynamics and abuse, marital dissolution, and post-divorce adjustment.

In this paper, we propose a surveillance system using multi-person tracking in a WIPI based mobile system, which is the standard wireless internet platform. The proposed system consists of two subsystems: the person tracking system and the mobile information transmission system. The person tracking system tracks persons who invade security and the mobile information transmission system sends the tracking results from the person tracking system to the user`s mobile phone. In this paper, the person tracking system tracks persons who appear on many cameras with non-overlapping views in order to achieve a wider view. The mobile information transmission system saves automatically tracked data to the owner`s web server and transmits the saved data to the user`s WIPI mobile phone. Therefore, whenever the user wishes to view tracked data later, the mobile system can provide the user with the tracking results by either the user selecting particular cameras or the time on the owner`s mobile phone. The proposed system is a new surveillance system that transfers tracked data among cameras to the user`s mobile phone in order to overcome space limitations in tracking areas and monitoring areas and spatial limitations in monitoring hours.

Norovirus is one of the major causes of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze the amino acid variation of open reading frame 2 of GII.4 variants in South Korea during the period from November 2006 to December 2012. Sixty-nine complete nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 2 were obtained from 113 GII.4 strains. The GII.4 2006b variants were detected predominantly between 2006 and 2009; however, new GII.4 variants, which were termed the 2010 variant and the 2012 variant, emerged in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The number of GII.4 2006b variants steadily decreased until 2012, whereas the number of gastroenteritis cases caused by the new variants increased between 2010 and 2012. The amino acid sequence in the ORF2 region obtained in this study was compared with other GII.4 variants isolated in various countries. Amino acid variations were observed primarily at epitope sites and the surrounding regions. Amino acids 294, 359, 393, and 413 of the P2 subdomain were the most variable sites among the GII.4 variants. The information in this study can be useful in basic research to predict the emergence and determine the genetic functions of new GII.4 variants.

Dear Editor: Rower et al.1 defined progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation (PCZH) in 1978 as a disease that fulfils the following criteria: 1) cribriform pigmented macules that form a zosteriform distribution, 2) no history of skin disease or injury that would suggest postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, 3) an onset that arises well after birth, followed by gradual extension, 4) an onset that has no association with other skin diseases or internal abnormalities, and 5) characterized histologically by a mild increase in melanin pigment in the basal layer without nevus cells. In 1980, Simoes and Piva2 described the progressive zosteriform macular pigmented lesion (PZMPL) as a chronic pigmentary dermatosis with similar clinical findings to PCZH. Although PZMPL is not completely understood, it is thought to be a variant of PCZH. PZMPL is distinguishable from PCZH because it presents with pruritus as a prodromal symptom and is characterized clinically by its abrupt spreading and histologically by pigmentary incontinence. A 12-year-old boy presented with congenital brown pigmented skin lesions along Blaschko's lines on the right side of his trunk and upper extremities (Fig. 1). He complained of occasional mild itching. The lesions had recently extended to the left side across the midline. The histopathological findings showed increased levels of melanin pigment in the basal layer and focal pigmentary incontinence in the upper dermis (Fig. 2). Fig. 1 Linear macular pigmented lesion extending from right to left, across the midline of the trunk. Fig. 2 (A) Increased pigmentation in the basal layer and some melanophages in the upper dermis (H&E, ×400), (B) Immunohistochemical staining is positive for Fontana-Masson (×200). The etiology of PZMPL is unknown. It has been speculated that its pathogenesis might be the same as other diseases that develop along Blaschko's lines. Among the many inherited and some acquired skin conditions that develop along Blaschko's lines, sporadic cases like the present one are often explained as inherited mosaicism. Further studies of similar cases are necessary to determine the pathogenesis of the disease. PCZH arises after birth and follows the dermatomes. In terms of its hyperpigmentation and its asymptomatic nature, the case described in this report seems to align with the characteristics of PCZH, but the cribriform arrangement of small scattered macules is one particular characteristic of PCZH that differs from the extensive patches seen in the present case3. The similarities of PZMPL to the present case include the presence of extensive plaques along Blaschko's lines and macules that converged and became bigger. Simoes and Piva2 reported that PZMPL is accompanied by itching, and that the condition remains static for a certain period of time followed by an abrupt enlargement of the lesions, which is similar to the present case. The histological features, the extensive patches along Blaschko's lines, and the abrupt enlargement of the skin lesions suggested a diagnosis of PZMPL. Since the first case of PZMPL described by Simoes and Piva2 three more cases have been investigated, including the present one. Given that the diagnosis of PZMPL is not well established, we hope that this case report contributes towards elucidating a standard definition, the pathophysiology, and the progression of PZMPL. We recommend that dermatologists consider this disease when they encounter patients with chronic hyperpigmented dermatoses.