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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jdr-10.1177_00220345221118013 for Masticatory Behavior Change with a Wearable Chewing Counter: A Randomized Controlled Trial by S. Hori, K. Hori, S. Yoshimura, F. Uehara, N. Sato, Y. Hasegawa, K. Akazawa and T. Ono in Journal of Dental Research

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jdr-10.1177_00220345221118013 for Masticatory Behavior Change with a Wearable Chewing Counter: A Randomized Controlled Trial by S. Hori, K. Hori, S. Yoshimura, F. Uehara, N. Sato, Y. Hasegawa, K. Akazawa and T. Ono in Journal of Dental Research

Background Large clinical trials are lack of data on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for acute stroke patients. Aim To evaluate the choice of oral anticoagulants at acute hospital discharge in stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and clarify the underlying characteristics potentially affecting that choice using the multicenter Stroke Acute Management with Urgent Risk-factor Assessment and Improvement-NVAF registry (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01581502). Method The study included 1192 acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (527 women, 77·7 ± 9·9 years old) between September 2011 and March 2014, during which three nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant oral anticoagulants were approved for clinical use. Oral anticoagulant choice at hospital discharge (median 23-day stay) was assessed. Results Warfarin was chosen for 650 patients, dabigatran for 203, rivaroxaban for 238, and apixaban for 25. Over the three 10-month observation periods, patients taking warfarin gradually decreased to 46·5% and those taking nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants increased to 48·0%. As compared with warfarin users, patients taking nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants included more men, were younger, more frequently had small infarcts, and had lower scores for poststroke CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HAS-BLED, admission National Institutes of Health stroke scale, and discharge modified Rankin Scale. Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants were started at a median of four-days after stroke onset without early intracranial hemorrhage. Patients starting nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants earlier had smaller infarcts and lower scores for the admission National Institutes of Health stroke scale and the discharge modified Rankin Scale than those starting later. Choice of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants was independently associated with 20-day or shorter hospitalization (OR 2·46, 95% CI 1·87–3·24). Conclusions Warfarin use at acute hospital discharge was still common in the initial years after approval of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, although nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant users increased gradually. The index stroke was milder and ischemia-risk indices were lower in nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant users than in warfarin users. Early initiation of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants seemed safe.

Bilateral breast mass was found in a 71-year-old male who had been placed on estrogen therapy for stage D2 prostatic adenocarcinoma. Microscopically the mass contained adenocarcinoma morphologically similar to that of the prostate, but the differential diagnosis was impossible between metastatic prostatic carcinoma and primary breast carcinoma. Formalin-paraffin sections of both tumors were stained positively by PSA (prostatic specific antigen) and PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase) using B-SA (biotin-streptavidin) system technique and prostatic origin of the breast mass was confirmed. Prostatic origin for metastatic carcinoma in the breast is are with only 30 reported cases in the literature including 5 Japanese cases. In most of them the diagnosis of the breast lesion as prostatic carcinoma has been made on morphologic and clinical grounds only. Accurate diagnosis is important for the prognosis of the patient, and immunohistochemical method is useful for he diagnosis of breast carcinoma metastasized from prostatic origin.

The proportions of fatty acids in lipids of subcutaneous adipose tissue was compared in closely age-matched, urban men from two populations with a great difference in mortality from arteriosclerosis, namely in 50 Americans and 56 Japanese aged 15-65 yr who had died suddenly and unexpectedly. Specimens from both groups were analyzed side by side for fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography. Compared with Japanese, Americans had significantly (P

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Japan. Seventeen Japanese institutions are participating in the Antihypertensive Treatment for Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage (ATACH) II Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01176565; UMIN 000006526). This phase III trial is designed to determine the therapeutic benefit of early intensive systolic blood pressure (BP) lowering for acute hypertension in ICH patients. This report explains the long run-up to reach the start of patient registration in ATACH II in Japan, including our preliminary study, a nationwide survey on antihypertensive treatment for acute ICH patients, a multicenter study for hyperacute BP lowering (the SAMURAI-ICH study), revision of the official Japanese label for intravenous nicardipine, and construction of the infrastructure for the trial.

The progress of physical understanding as well as parameter improvement of net-current-free helical plasma is reported for the Large Helical Device since the last Fusion Energy Conference in Daejeon in 2010. The second low-energy neutral beam line was installed, and the central ion temperature has exceeded 7 keV, which was obtained by carbon pellet injection. Transport analysis of the high-T-i plasmas shows that the ion-thermal conductivity and viscosity decreased after the pellet injection although the improvement does not last long. The effort has been focused on the optimization of plasma edge conditions to extend the operation regime towards higher ion temperature and more stable high density and high beta. For this purpose a portion of the open helical divertors are being modified to the baffle-structured closed ones aimed at active control of the edge plasma. It is compared with the open case that the neutral pressure in the closed helical divertor increased by ten times as predicted by modelling. Studies of physics in a three-dimensional geometry are highlighted in the topics related to the response to a resonant magnetic perturbation at the plasma periphery such as edge-localized-mode mitigation and divertor detachment. Novel approaches of non-local and non-diffusive transport have also been advanced.

There is increasing evidence that NF-kappaB is a major, if not the major transcription factor regulating inflammation and immunity. While this implies that blocking NF-kappaB might be therapeutically beneficial, it raises clear questions regarding the balance between efficacy and safety. In this brief review we discuss the effects of NF-kappaB blockade in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation and immunity, and consider possible therapeutic targets within the NF-kappaB family.

We clinically evaluated the usefulness of a new oral antimicrobial agent, TFLX, in the field of urology. The dose administered was 150 mg t.i.d and the duration of administration was 3 days. The clinical effect was evaluated according to the criteria of the Japanese UTI committee. The clinical response obtained on 164 female patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 118, moderate in 44 and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 98.78%. The clinical response obtained on 4 male patients with acute simple cystitis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on 3 female patients with simple pyelonephritis was excellent in 2 and moderate in 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 100%. The clinical response obtained on one patient with non-gonococcal urethritis was excellent by doctor's evaluation. The clinical response obtained on 7 patients with complicated UTI was excellent in 3 and moderate in 4 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. Three patients complained of stomach distress or malaise and 2 patients developed rash. No abnormal laboratory data were observed. Thus, TFLX appears to be safe and suitable for use in the field of urology.

The purpose of this study is to assess the changes in the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in the cellular component of the blood from preeclamptic patients. Blood samples were obtained from the preeclampsia (PE) and control participants. Cellular RNA was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify any angiogenesis-related genes and thereby assess the mRNA expression among women with PE and controls during weeks 35 to 41 of gestation. Significant differences were observed between PE and controls in all of the angiogenesis-related genes examined. In PE, for the increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), endoglin and fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (Flt-1); and the reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF). fms-Like tyrosine kinase-1 and endoglin significantly correlated with the systolic pressure, while VEGF, Flt-1, and endoglin all correlated with proteinuria. An altered expression of angiogenesis-related genes was demonstrated in the cellular component of blood from preeclamptic patients. These findings indicate that this approach may offer an alternative way for evaluating the pathogenesis of PE.