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The research and development (R&D) of industrial generic technologies (IGTs) is a collaborative innovation involving many stakeholders. The key to ensure the R&D success of IGT is how to effectively mobilize various stakeholders to take a more active approach to increase the degree of joint efforts and cooperation. Considering that the degree of effort and cooperation among the stakeholders, and the commonality of IGT and the difficulty of subsequent commercialization have an important impact on its success, in this article, we exploit the thought and methods of gray-target decision model, group negotiations, and game theory to design a government-subsidies incentive mechanism. Besides, considering the government's special role in the R&D, we introduce the stakeholders’ risk preferences of IGTs and discuss the decision-making behaviors of different stakeholders under the circumstances of either cooperation or noncooperation. At the end, we confirm the rationality and validity of our model by using a real case.

“Good rural season” is a brand of “Season · Solar Term” rural tourism, which is based on popular culture and local culture. The theme of “good rural season” with the regional characteristics of Shandong province is full of wonderful activities, which promote the cultural and ecological revitalization of the countryside, enabling the revitalization of the countryside. The theme of “good rural season” is an integral part of the popular culture, which fully embodies the physical conditions of the historical geography, folk customs and aesthetic standards of Shandong province. It embodies the rich and colorful beauty of life and the best way of life and the good wishes of welcoming Xiang naifu and the basic moral norms of “dedication and friendliness”. This accords with people’s positive psychological demands and refracts the positive value orientation.

Based on the in situ observations, reanalysis, and model simulation, the variations in glaze dipole pattern in China and its underlying physical mechanism have been explored. The glaze dipole pattern features an out-of-phase relationship between winter glaze in the south of the Yangtze River valley (YRV) and northern China, accompanied by pronounced interdecadal variation around the late 1970s. The results from synoptic analyses suggest that cold air brought by the northerly winds and warm moist air by the southwesterly winds, as well as the occurrence of inversion layer are vital to the glaze weather in the south of YRV. Further analyses indicate that the interdecadal shift of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) contributes largely to variations in glaze dipole pattern. Specifically, the warm PDO provides a beneficial environment for the occurrence of glaze dipole pattern by stimulating the tropical–extratropical circulation configuration with the deepened East Asian trough, strengthened East Asian westerly jet, anomalous anticyclone over the tropical western Pacific Ocean, and cyclone over the southern Tibetan Plateau at the decadal time scale. Consequently, the enhanced moisture transport brought by southwesterly and cold air intrusion induced by the deepened East Asian trough benefit the glaze weather in the south of YRV, while the decreased precipitation and a much lower temperature in northern China depress the generation of glaze. Moreover, the results from the CAM4 model simulation indicate the atmospheric circulation anomalies forced by PDO-like SST can roughly reproduce the extratropical configuration related to the glaze, but it has difficulties in capturing the tropical circulation anomalies. Significance Statement The purpose of this study is to better understand how the glaze dipole pattern in China responds to climate anomalies, which focuses on the spatial–temporal evolution of glaze days and its underlying physical mechanism. This study highlights the important role of Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies in the interdecadal variations in glaze dipole pattern, and it gives a clear clarification to demonstrate the impacts of Pacific decadal oscillation on the climatological background for the occurrence of glaze. Our results provide a guide on what drives the interdecadal variation in the glaze dipole pattern and help to understand the climate dynamic mechanism of variations in freezing events in China.

The teacher education curriculum should guide the future teachers to master the necessary educational knowledge and ability. The teaching reform is the core link of the teacher education curriculum reform. Based on constructivism and communicative approach, the BOPPPS teaching model is a closed-loop teaching process model which emphasizes students’ participation and feedback. The BOPPPS teaching model is helpful to realize effective teaching of teacher education courses. The application of the BOPPPS teaching method in the teacher education curriculum is helpful to deepen the theoretical teaching and consolidate the theoretical knowledge of education and teaching.

Self-efficacy is an important factor that affects the realization of students’ potential. Self-efficacy affects students’ behavior choice and persistence, students’ effort and attitude in face of difficulties and students’ mode of thinking and emotional response. Self-efficacy is one of the predictive factors that affect whether students can achieve the corresponding expected results or not. It affects the final result by affecting students’ motivation, emotion, thinking and behavior. This paper mainly discusses the role of students’ self-efficacy and its influencing factors in the process of education and teaching, as well as effective strategies to enhance students’ self-efficacy in the process of teaching.

The mining of key nodes is an important topic in complex network research, which can help identify influencers. The study is necessary for blocking the spread of epidemics, controlling public opinion, and managing transportation. The techniques thus far suggested have a lot of drawbacks; they either depend on the regional distribution of nodes or the global character of the network. The gravity formula based on node information is a good mathematical model that can represent the magnitude of attraction between nodes. However, the gravity model requires less node information and has limitations. In this study, we propose a gravity model based on Shannon entropy to effectively address the aforementioned issues. The spreading probability method is employed to enhance the model’s functionality and applicability. Through testing, it has been determined that the suggested model is a good alternative to the gravity model for selecting influential nodes.

The realistic factors and the state’s high attention to the humanistic education of contemporary students have become a strong motive force for us to actively build the platform of humanistic education on the campus of contemporary colleges. The teachers have done some of the ability of college students humanistic literacy education. One of the main aims of higher education is to educate students’ humanistic quality, improving their cultural quality and cultivating their sound personality. In college education, we can tap the potential of rich cultural implication by language teaching, widening communication channels in the construction of home page of campus network and permeating humanistic literacy education with Chinese and foreign literary classics to cultivate the humanistic quality of college students. So that the college students have both scientific literacy and rich humanistic spirit. Through the university education, we make the beneficial attempt to carry on the humanities literacy education by the humanities literacy education platform construction and so on. Strengthening the cultural liberal education of university students is an important measure to deepen the teaching reform further and improve the quality of university education.

Mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis are integral to cardiovascular function and influence how vascular cells respond to stress. However, little is known regarding how mitochondrial redox control mechanisms and metabolic regulation interact in the developing lungs. Here we show that human Obg-like ATPase-1 (OLA1) couples redox signals to the metabolic response pathway by activating metabolic gene transcription in the nucleus. We observed that OLA1 phosphorylation at Ser232/Tyr236 triggers its translocation from the cytoplasm/mitochondria into the nucleus. Subsequent phosphorylation of OLA1 at Thr325 effectively changes its biochemical function from ATPase to GTPase, promoting the expression of genes involved in the mitochondrial bioenergetic function. This process is regulated by extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), which were restrained by protein phosphatases 1A (PP1A) when stress abated. Knockdowns of ERK1 or OLA1 mutated to a phosphoresistant T325A mutant blocked its nuclear translocation, compromised the expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, and as a consequence, led to cellular energy depletion. Moreover, the lungs of OLA1 knockout mice have fewer numbers of mitochondria, lower cellular ATP levels, and higher lactate levels. The ensuing mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction resulted in abnormal behaviors of pulmonary vascular cells and significant vascular remodeling. Our findings demonstrate that OLA1 is an important component of the mitochondrial retrograde communication pathways that couple stress signals with metabolic genes in the nucleus. Thus, phosphorylation-dependent nuclear OLA1 localization that governs cellular energy metabolism is critical to cardiovascular function.

Landslide is a common dynamic large-deformation disaster of mobilized soils, which poses a serious threat to the lives and economic properties of surrounding people. Both the strain-softening effect and spatial variability of soil are reported to have significant impacts on landslide behaviors. This study investigated the coupled effect of strain softening and spatial variability on the occurrence, evolution, and runout behavior of landslides induced by seismic loads, using three-dimensional (3D) large-deformation finite-element method. The results show that both the strain-softening behavior and spatial variability of soil dramatically affect the sliding velocity and runout distance. Their coupled effect further weakens the soil strength, resulting in a larger runout distance. Secondly, the runout distance in the 3D deterministic analysis is always smaller than the minimum value in the corresponding random analysis, which completely differs from the result from the two-dimensional (2D) analysis. This finding indicates that 2D analysis can result in a conservative estimation on the runout distance for spatially variable soils and highlights the advantages of 3D modeling on landslides. Thirdly, a linear formula was proposed to quantify the runout distance based on the horizontal peak acceleration, which can provide some guidelines for the safety design in practical slope engineering.