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When a firm introduces a new improved eco-friendly product into the market of the congeneric non-green product with the same baseline attribute, consumers are uncertain about the true valuation of this green product. Thus, when choosing between the green product and non-green product, consumers will anticipate the potential regret in the future and try to minimize it, and their purchasing decisions will be affected. This paper investigates the impact of consumers’ anticipated regret on the manufacturer’s and retailer’s optimal pricing and greening level decisions of these two kinds of products. By a game theoretic model in which the manufacturer is the leader, we derive the optimal wholesale price, greening level and retail price. Our analysis shows that the manufacturer and retailer can benefit or loss from consumers’ two types of anticipated regret in equilibrium. Furthermore, the green product’ optimal wholesale price and retail price, and greening level all decrease with green product-purchase regret but increase with non-green product-purchase regret in equilibrium. Interestingly, we also find that the non-green product’s optimal wholesale price and retail price are not affected by the consumers’ anticipated regret and the green product. This study provides retailers and manufacturers with new marketing management insights from the perspective of consumers’ anticipated regret behavior, and outlines the guidelines for them on invoking or mitigating consumers’ regret to increase profit or demand at the right time.

Background The increasing incidence of osteoporosis in recent years has aroused widespread public concern; however, existing effective treatments are limited. Therefore, new osteoporosis treatment methods, including stem cell transplantation and exosome therapy, have been proposed and are gaining momentum. Exosomes are considered to have greater potential for clinical application owing to their immunocompatibility. This study summarises the latest evidence demonstrating the efficacy of exosomes in improving bone loss in the treatment of osteoporosis. Main text This systematic review and meta-analyses searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to 26 March 2022 for osteoporosis treatment studies using stem cell-derived exosomes. Six endpoints were selected to determine efficacy: bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume/tissue volume fraction, trabecular number, trabecular separation, trabecular thickness, and cortical thickness. The search generated 366 citations. Eventually, 11 articles that included 15 controlled preclinical trials and 242 experimental animals (rats and mice) were included in the meta-analysis. Conclusion The results were relatively robust and reliable despite some publication biases, suggesting that exosome treatment increased bone mass, improved bone microarchitecture, and enhanced bone strength compared with placebo treatments. Moreover, stem cell-derived exosomes may favour anabolism over catabolism, shifting the dynamic balance towards bone regeneration.

Objective To observe the change of bone turnover markers in the male patients with osteoporosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records including their original reports of bone mineral density , 25OHD, P1NP and β-CTXin the male patients with osteoporosis treated with bisphosphonates in our hospital between 2013and 2020. Serum 25OHD, P1NP and β-CTX were measured by radioimmunoassay. To study the impact of age on 25OHD, P1NP and β-CTX , the patients were divided into subgroups according to age: Results There were 230 patients. 32 patients were aged Conclusion High bone turnover was common in male patients with primary osteoporosis.

Background In this retrospective study, we studied the impact of educational osteoporosis program on the rates of bone mineral density (BMD) assessment and bone turnover markers (BTM) and drug medications in the patients with hip fracture. Methods This retrospective research enrolled 651 patients aged ≥50 years who experienced hip fractures from January 2013 to December 2015. We recorded whether patients had received BMD assessment, BTM measurement, and anti-osteoporosis therapy during the period of hospitalization. Orthopedic surgeons were classified into the trained group and the untrained group. The rates of BMD assessment, BTM measurement, and anti-osteoporosis medications in the patients with hip fracture were compared between the trained group and the untrained group. Results BMD assessment was performed in 109/220 patients in the trained group and 142/431 patients in the untrained group. BTM measurements were performed in 130 patients in the trained group and 124 patients in the untrained group. Forty eight patients in the trained group and 63 patients in the untrained group received bisphosphonate medications. Conclusions Although the rates of BMD assessment, BTM measurement, and bisphosphonate use in the patients after hip fractures are still insufficient, education programs help to improve the situation.

Study Design Meta-analysis . Objectives This study aimed to summarize the clinical efficacy and safety of the various annular defect repair methods that have emerged in recent years. Methods A meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials was conducted. Articles from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) on Lumbar disc herniation treatment with annular repair published from inception to April 2, 2022 were included. We summarized the clinical efficacy and safety of annular repair techniques based on a random-effects model meta-analysis. Results 7 randomized controlled studies and 8 observational studies with a total of 2161 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled data analysis showed that adding the annular repair technique reduced postoperative recurrence rate, reoperation rate, and loss of intervertebral height compared with lumbar discectomy alone. Subgroup analysis based on different annular repair techniques showed that the Barricaid Annular Closure Device (ACD) was effective in preventing re-protrusion and reducing reoperation rates, while there was no significant difference between the other subgroups. The annulus fibrosus suture (AFS) did not improve the postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the annular repair and control groups. Conclusions Lumbar discectomy combined with ACD can effectively reduce postoperative recurrence and reoperation rates in patients with LDH. AFS alone was less effective in reducing recurrence and reoperation rates and did not improve postoperative pain and function.

Background To compare the efficacy of small-incision clamp-assisted reduction with open reduction for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures by anterograde intramedullary nailing. Methods The data of 63 patients with femoral shaft fractures, treated between January 2016 and June 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received anterograde intramedullary nail fixation, and the OA/OTA classification of fractures was 32-C. The average follow-up period was 13 months (range: 11–14 months). According to the method of fracture reduction, patients were divided into a small-incision clamp-reduction group (referred to as the clamp-reduction group) and an open-reduction group. The reduction time, operative time, the number of fluoroscopy, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative VAS score, postoperative time to discharge, and the rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results There were statistically significant differences in reduction time, operative time, the number of fluoroscopy, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative VAS score, postoperative time to discharge (t = 6.718, − 11.679, 18.963, − 11.609, − 22.432, − 7.187; P Conclusions Both groups had good functional recovery after operation. However, compared with open reduction, clamp reduction is a safer reduction method with shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and fewer postoperative complications.

A magnesium-based metal-organic framework (Mg-MOF-74) exhibits excellent CO

Industrial phosphate rock (PR) treatment has introduced lead (Pb) contamination into phosphate mining wasteland, causing serious contamination. Although bioremediation is considered an effective method and studies have investigated the bioimmobilization of Pb contamination in phosphate mining wasteland by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), the bioimmobilization mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a strain Citrobacter farmeri CFI-01 with phosphate-solubilizing and Pb-tolerant abilities was isolated from a phosphate mining wasteland. Liquid culture experiments showed that the maximum content of soluble phosphate and the percentage amount of Pb immobilized after 14 days were 351.5 mg/L and 98.18%, respectively, with a decrease in pH. Soil experiments showed that CFI-01 had reasonable bioimmobilization ability, and the percentage amount of Pb immobilized was increased by 7.790% and 22.18% in the groups inoculated with CFI-01, respectively, compared with that of the groups not inoculated with CFI-01. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed that the immobilization of Pb was also ascribed to changes in the functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) and the formation of lead phosphate sediments. Finally, the results of the metagenomic analysis indicated that changes in the microbial community structure, enrichment of related functional abundances (e.g., metal metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism functions), and activation of functional genes (e.g., zntA, smtB, cadC, ATOX1, smtA, and ATX1) could help immobilize soil Pb contamination and explore the mechanism of bacterial bioimmobilization in Pb-contaminated soil. This study provides insights for exploring the immobilization mechanism of Pb contamination in phosphate mining wasteland using PSB, which has significance for further research.

Objectives: To compare the effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating Kummell's disease (KD) patients.Methods: This prospective cohort study involved 19 KD patients (20 involved vertebrae). The surgical selection was dependent on clinical stages and postural correction status. The status of vertebral reduction, amount of cement injection, and amount of cement leakage during the surgery were recorded. The anterior vertebral height and kyphotic angle were measured by X-ray scan. The degree of low back pain and the quality of life were assessed by the visual analog scale and Oswestry disability index, respectively.Results: On the third-day post-operation and the last follow-up, anterior vertebral height was increased, kyphosis angle was reduced, low back pain was relieved, and life quality was improved in both groups compared with pre-operation. There was no significant difference between the two groups in cement amount, cement leakage rate, vertebral height correction, and kyphotic correction angle. The nerve function of stage III patients with spinal cord injury was improved from a Frankel grade D to E.Expert Opinion: PVP and PKP could be used in treating KD patients, and the surgical selection could be dependent on the clinical stages and status of postural correction.Conclusion: PVP and PKP could be used in treating KD patients, and the surgical selection could be dependent on the clinical stages and status of postural correction.

Objective To study the effect of anti‐osteoporosis therapies on mortality after hip fracture. Methods This retrospective study was carried out in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and enrolled 690 patients 50 years of age and older who were admitted with hip fractures between 2010 and 2015. The patients were followed in 2017: 690 patients aged was from 50 to 103 years. There were 456 women and 234 men. There were 335 patients with fractures of the femoral neck and 355 patients with intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. There were 444 (64.35%) patients who also had internal diseases. The Charlson comorbidity index was 0–6. The anti‐osteoporosis medications were classified into no anti‐osteoporosis medication, calcium + vitamin D supplementations, non‐bisphosphonate medication, and bisphosphonate medication. The physicians followed the patients or family members by personal visit and telephone. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were done with known risk factors for mortality of hip fracture, such as gender, age, number of combined internal diseases, fracture type, place of residence, and Charlson comorbidity index, to show which anti‐osteoporosis medications had significant effects on mortality after adjustment for these variables. Results Out of 690 patients with hip fractures, 149 patients received no anti‐osteoporosis medication, 63 patients received calcium +vitamin D supplementations, 398 patients received non‐bisphosphonate medication, and 80 patients received bisphosphonate medication. The patients were followed between 7 months and 52 months, with the average of 28.53 ± 9.75 months. A total of 166 patients died during the follow‐up period. Of 166 deaths, 43 occurred within 3 months, 65 within 6 months, and 99 within 1 year after the hip fracture. In this study, fracture type, place of residence, and Charlson comorbidity index were not associated with the mortality, and the male gender, age > 75 years, and ≥ 2 combined internal diseases were the independent factors for deaths post‐hip fracture. The cumulative mortality was 36.24% in the patients receiving no anti‐osteoporosis medication. The hazard ratio for mortality after hip fracture with bisphosphonate medication, non‐bisphosphonate medication, and calcium/vitamin D supplementation was 0.355 (95% CI, 0.194–0.648), 0.492 (95% CI, 0.347–0.699) and 0.616 (95% CI, 0.341–1.114), respectively, as compared with no anti‐osteoporosis group. Bisphosphonate and non‐bisphosphonate medications for osteoporosis were significantly associated with the reduction of cumulative mortality post‐hip fracture (P

Osteoporosis is diagnosed based on the results of BMD assessment and/or fragility fractures. Vertebral fracture is the most common fragility fracture. Many vertebral fractures are asymptomatic and are not clinically recognized. Early detection of vertebral fracture may increase diagnosis of osteoporosis. In this study, we performed BMD measurement combined with vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) by DXA for the postmenopausal women receiving the first bone densitometry and studied the impact of VFA on the diagnosis of osteoporosis. A total of 502 postmenopausal women were enrolled in our study. Patients’ age was 66.7 ± 9.5 years. All patients had BMD assessment and VFA by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Genant’s semiquantitative assessment was used. The impact of VFA on the diagnosis of osteoporosis was studied. All parameters of groups were compared using the Chi-squared test. There were 257 patients with T-score ≤−2.5, 202 patients with a T-score between −1 and − 2.5, and 43 patients with BMD within the normal range. There were 162 patients with 345 fractured vertebrae identified by VFA, among which 84% of patients were previously unknown. Osteoporosis or severe osteoporosis was presented in 51.2% patients diagnosed by BMD alone, in 55.2% patients diagnosed by BMD plus fracture history, and in 62.4% of patients diagnosed by BMD plus fracture history and VFA. Severe osteoporosis significantly increased by 17.2% in patients receiving VFA. VFA combined with BMD can detect previously unknown vertebral fractures and increase clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. It is plausible to speculate that this method should be considered in postmenopausal women for the first BMD assessment.

BackgroundThis study aimed to observe the mortality of patients with fragile hip fractures and assess the death-associated risk factors.MethodsSix hundred and ninety patients with osteoporotic hip fractures(aged 50-103-years-old) that were treated from January 2010 to December 2015 were enrolled in this study and followed-up and the clinical data were retrospectively examined. Three months, one year, and the total mortality during the follow-up time were measured. Mortality-related risk factors were assessed including age, gender, surgery, the duration from injury to operation, pulmonary infection, and the number and type of complications.ResultsThe 286 patients were followed up between 6 months and 42 months, with an average of 21.42±9.88 months. The three-month mortality was 7.69%, the number of patients who were followed up over one year was 231, the one-year mortality was 16.02%, and the total mortality of the follow-up time was 17.48%. The higher mortality was related to age over 75 years, associated cardio-respiratory diseases, male gender, non-operative treatment, surgery delayed over 5 days. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors affecting mortality included age (OR=5.385, P=0.003), surgery (OR=21.217, P=0.000), the number of complications (OR=9.038, P=0.000), and pre-injury cardiovascular disease (OR=3.201, P=0.041).ConclusionThe early mortality of fragile hip fractures was high and was also related to many risk factors. Age, surgery, the number of complications, and pre-injury cardiovascular disease were the independent risk factors affecting the mortality of patients with fragile hip fractures. Effective treatment without complications and early surgery can lower early mortality in patients with fragile hip fractures.

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is commonly used to treat severe COVID-19, although the clinical outcomes remain unclear. This study evaluated the effectiveness of IVIG treatment for severe COVID-19.Methods: This retrospective multi-center study evaluated 28-day mortality and time for SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance in severe COVID-19 patients with or without IVIG treatment. Propensity score matching was used to control confounding factors. Logistic regression and competing risk analyses were performed.Results: The study included 850 patients (421 patients received IVIG). No significant differences in 28-day mortality or time for SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance were observed (p=0.357 and p=0.123, respectively). High-dose of IVIG treatment (>10 g/day) (n=27) was associated with decreased 28-day mortality (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77; p=0.011). The IVIG group had prolonged median hospitalization, less shock, and higher incidences of acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial injury. Furthermore, IVIG-treated patients were more likely to require non-invasive mechanical ventilation and less likely to require invasive mechanical ventilation.Conclusions: IVIG treatment for severe COVID-19 patients was not associated with significant improvements in 28-day mortality or time for SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance. However, some improvements in 28-day survival were observed for high-dose IVIG treatment (>10 g/day).

Background Fragility fracture significantly increases risk of future fracture. The fragility fracture cycle should be disrupted. The secondary fracture prevention is important for the patients with fragility hip fracture. The pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis is important for prevention of new fracture. However, many patients with hip fracture do not receive osteoporosis treatment. This retrospective study investigates the influence of bone mineral density (BMD) assessment on the initiation of anti-osteoporosis medications in the hospitalized patients with fragility hip fracture. Methods This retrospective research enrolled 1211 patients with fragility hip fracture 50 years of age and older. Among 1211 patients aged from 50 to 103 years with the average age of 77.83 ± 9.95 years, there were 807 females and 404 males. There were 634 fractures of femoral neck and 577 intertrochanteric fractures of femur. We examined whether patients had received bone mineral density assessment and received anti-osteoporosis therapy during the period of hospitalization. The patients were divided into BMD assessment group and no BMD assessment group. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and compared with t test. All parameters of groups were compared with Chi-square test. Results Of 1211 patients, 331 (27.33%) had received BMD assessment and 925 (76.38%) had received anti-osteoporosis drugs during the period of hospitalization. The rate of bisphosphonate use was lower and only 11.31% in the total patients. The anti-osteoporosis treatment rate was 93.66% in the patients receiving BMD assessment and 69.89% in the patients without BMD assessment (p

Objective To investigate the effect of grip strength on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Low BMD is related to risk of fracture and falling is the strongest factor for fragility fractures. Handgrip strength is a reliable indicator of muscle strength and muscle strength is associated with falling. Methods For the present study 120 women were divided into two groups: those ≤65 years and those >65 years. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), BMD, and handgrip strength were measured to observe the effect of age on 25OHD, grip strength, and BMD, as well as the effect of 25OHD on grip strength and BMD. The correlation between grip strength and BMD was investigated. Results In the 120 patients, 25OHD was 24.31 ± 8.29 ng/mL. There were 37 cases with 25OHD 65 years had lower 25OHD, lower maximum grip strength, and lower BMD. The osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal women with a maximum grip strength 65 years was significantly elevated. Conclusion Handgrip strength and 25OHD decrease with aging in postmenopausal women. The patients with lower 25OHD level had significantly lower BMD of femoral neck. The patients with lower handgrip strength had significantly lower BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Grip strength measurement is the simplest muscle strength measurement method. Our study confirmed that low grip strength was correlated with low BMD and was a strong risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Background/Aims: Increasing evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in cancers, including osteosarcoma. A previous study showed that Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase-antisense RNA1 (NNT-AS1) was aberrantly expressed in several types of cancer. However, the potential biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of NNT-AS1 in osteosarcoma progression remain unknown. Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to examine the expression of NNT-AS1 in human tissues and cells. The biological functions of NNT-AS1 were determined by CCK-8, colony formation, Flow cytometry and Transwell assays in vitro. A mouse xenograft model was performed to investigate the effect of NNT-AS1 on tumor growth in vivo. Results: In this study, we found the expression of NNT-AS1 was significantly increased in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, upregulated NNT-AS1 expression predicted poor prognosis and was an independent and significant risk factor for osteosarcoma patient survival. Further experiments revealed that NNT-AS1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, NNT-AS1 silencing suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro. In a tumor xenograft model, knockdown of NNT-AS1 suppressed tumor growth of OS-732 cells in vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings indicate that NNT-AS1 functions as an oncogene in osteosarcoma and could be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.

Inappropriate mining strategies have led to the development of an increasing number of phosphate mining wastelands containing a large amount of rock phosphate (RP) contaminated with hexavalent chromium (Cr (Ⅵ)). Although bioremediation has been investigated as an effective strategy for Cr (Ⅵ) removal, few studies have focused on microbial remediation coupled with RP. In this study, a strain of Bacillus megatherium named PMW-03 isolated from a phosphate mining wasteland was used to remediate Cr (Ⅵ) contamination. The liquid medium experiment showed that strain PMW-03 exhibited significant insoluble phosphate solubilization and Cr (Ⅵ) resistance. The maximum release of soluble phosphate and removal rate of Cr (Ⅵ) reached 319.941 mg/L and 94.8%, respectively. The activities of antioxidation enzymes and chromate reductase reached 145.08, 153.71 and 40.07 U/min/gm, which indicated that the bioreduction process participated in the Cr (Ⅵ) removal of strain PMW-03. Furthermore, FTIR and XRD studies showed that Cr (Ⅵ) removal in RP coupled with PMW-03 was also attributed to the biosorption of functional groups on the surface of the strain and the formation of Cr-phosphate precipitates. Finally, the evolution of microbial community structures and functional gene abundance were analyzed to reveal the reduction of Cr (Ⅵ) by microbial remediation. These findings provide some reference and new insights for microbial remediation of Cr (Ⅵ) contamination in phosphate mining wastelands.

A series of new chiral 2(5H)-furanone derivatives containing bis-1,2,3-triazole moiety were designed and synthesized from (5S)-5-alkoxy-3,4-dihalo-2(5H)-furanones 1, dicarboxyl amino acids 2, propargyl bromide, and organic azides 5 under mild conditions via the sequential three steps, including asymmetric Michael addition-elimination, substitution and no-ligand click reaction. Twelve new intermediates, including N-[5-alkoxy-2(5H)-furanonyl] dicarboxyl amino acids 3 and their corresponding propargyl esters 4, and twelve target molecules 6 were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The influences of different synthetic conditions and substrates in each step were investigated. The research provides a new method and idea for the synthesis of 2(5H)-furanone compounds with polyheterocyclic structure due to the diversities of four basic unit molecules.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of bone mineral density and hip geometry on the fragility fracture of femoral neck and trochanteric region. There were 95 menopausal females of age ≥ 50 years with fragility fracture of hip, including 55 cases of femoral neck fracture and 40 cases of trochanteric fracture. Another 63 non-fractured females with normal bone mineral density (BMD) were chosen as control. BMD, hip axis length, neck-shaft angle and structural parameters including cross surface area, cortical thickness and buckling ratio were detected and compared. Compared with control group, the patients with femoral neck fracture or trochanteric fractures had significantly lower BMD of femoral neck, as well as lower cross surface area and cortical thickness and higher buckling ratio in femoral neck and trochanteric region. There were no significant differences of BMD and structural parameters in the femoral neck fracture group and intertrochanteric fracture group. Hip axis length and neck-shaft angle were not significantly different among three groups. The significant changes of BMD and proximal femur geometry were present in the fragility fracture of femoral neck and trochanteric region. The different types of hip fractures cannot be explained by these changes.

The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) facilitates the assembly of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). To investigate the effects of carbohydrate (CHO)-induced hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) on the hepatic expression of the MTP gene, Golden Syrian hamsters were fed fructose (FR) and sucrose (SUC) enriched diets. Changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), TG, VLDL-TG and VLDL-protein were determined. Abundance of hepatic MTP-mRNA was compared to those of albumin (ALB)-mRNA and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-mRNA. Hepatic secretion rates (SR) of VLDL-TG and VLDL-PR were assessed after intravenous Triton WR-1339 injection. Lipoprotein lipase (LpL) activity of the epididymal fat pads was determined. As compared to the control and SUC, FR increased plasma insulin (FR = 238+24, SUC = 115±17, control = 82±16 μU/ml, p < 0.0001), FFA (FR = 1.93±0.24, SUC = 1.35±0.1, control = 1.47±0.13 mEq/L, p < 0.03) and TG (FR = 215±47, SUC = 93±7, control = 71±16 mg/dl, p < 0.01), without affecting FPG. There was no change in LpL activity. Fructose-feeding increased VLDL-TG-SR (FR = 2.95±0.26, SUC = 1.28±0.34, control = 2.18±0.26 mg/kg.wt/h−1, p < 0.004), but not VLDL-protein-SR. MTP-mRNA abundance did not change when compared to albumin mRNA, however FR-fed hamsters had lower MTP mRNA abundance when compared to GAPDH mRNA (FR = 0.96±0.13, SUC = 1.15±0.14, control = 1.49±0.14 MTPGAPDH-mRNA, p < 0.05). The finding that FR-feeding increased VLDL-TG secretion without any increase in MTP mRNA proves that CHO-induced HTG can occur without an increase in hepatic MTP gene expression.

Femoral prosthesis before total hip arthroplasty (THA) predicted by Proximal Femoral CT scanning. Prior to THA, 61 hip bones in 52 cases were scanned by CT to measure the minimum inner diameter of cavum medullare in femur isthmus. The corresponding type of femoral prosthesis was selected according to the size of the cavum medullares. The conventional template measuring method was used as a contrast. The minimum inner diameter of cavum medullare in femur isthmus and the medial diameter of cavum medullare of resected femur had strong correlation with the type of femoral prosthesis (r = 0.97–0.99, P

We present a theoretical study of a double microcavity resonators system with absorption or gain. The output intensity and the power intensity inside the microresonator are derived. Some interesting features and their possible application are discussed. The results may be useful for modulator, amplifier, laser and sensor.

Objective The aim of this research is to study the effect of time factors on the mortality of brittle hip fracture. Methods The data of 705 patients of hip fracture hospitalized at our department from 2010 to 2012 were reviewed. Among them, 499 cases undergoing surgical operation over the age of 50 were followed up, and 250 cases had valid follow-up records. The effects of the time from injury to operation, the time from injury to hospitalization and the time from hospitalization to operation on the mortality were analyzed. Results The average duration of follow-up was 21.37 ± 9.77 months. There were 198 cases which were followed up for over 12 months. Nine patients died within 3 months after the hip fracture surgery, and 13 patients died within 1 year. A total of 25 patients died during the follow-up. The survival rate of patients with the interval from injury to surgery longer than 5 days was lower than that of patients with the interval less than or equal to 5 days (p = 0.014). The survival rate of patients with the interval from injury to hospitalization longer than 2 days was lower than that of patients with the interval from injury to hospitalization less than or equal to 2 days (p = 0.003). There was no statistical significance in the survival rate between patients with the interval from hospitalization to surgery longer than 3 days and that of patients with the interval from hospitalization to surgery less than or equal to 3 days (p = 0.973). Conclusion The operational delay, especially the delay of time from injury to hospitalization, is an important factor affecting the early mortality of hip fracture. The delay of time from hospitalization to operation is mainly due to the consideration of the patients' situation and has no effect on early mortality.