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Flowering transition is tightly coordinated by complex gene regulatory networks, in which AGAMOUS-LIKE 16 (AGL16) plays important roles. Here, we identified the molecular function and binding properties of AGL16 and demonstrated its partial dependency on the SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) function in regulating flowering. AGL16 bound to promoters of more than 2,000 genes via CArG-box motifs with high similarity to that of SOC1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Approximately 70 flowering genes involved in multiple pathways were potential targets of AGL16. AGL16 formed a protein complex with SOC1 and shared a common set of targets. Intriguingly, only a limited number of genes were differentially expressed in the agl16-1 loss-of-function mutant. However, in the soc1-2 knockout background, AGL16 repressed and activated the expression of 375 and 182 genes, respectively, with more than a quarter bound by AGL16. Corroborating these findings, AGL16 repressed the flowering time more strongly in soc1-2 than in the Col-0 background. These data identify a partial inter-dependency between AGL16 and SOC1 in regulating genome-wide gene expression and flowering time, while AGL16 provides a feedback regulation on SOC1 expression. Our study sheds light on the complex background dependency of AGL16 in flowering regulation, thus providing additional insights into the molecular coordination of development and environmental adaptation.

We demonstrate reconfigurable tanh- and ReLU-like nonlinear activation functions for incoherent neuromorphic photonics using a balanced photodiode assembled with a programmable electronic TIA chip. Experimental results up to 10 Gb/s line-rates are presented.

Brachyceran flies constitute a large radiation of the order Diptera, but the phylogenetic relationships among them have remained controversial. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing to determine mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) for six brachyceran flies. Two of these species represent Milichiidae (Aldrichiomyza flaviventris and Phyllomyza obliqua); two representing Chloropidae (Pachylophus sp.) and Sphaeroceridae (Leptocera erythrocera) are the first sequenced members of these groups; and two species from Lauxaniidae (Homoneura sp.) and Syrphidae (Paragus quadrifasciatus) were newly sequenced. Together with the published mitogenomes, we included a total of 187 species representing 40 dipteran families to investigate the phylogeny of Brachycera. The results strongly supported Brachycera as a monophyletic group. The infra-orders Stratiomyomorpha, Tabanomorpha and Xylophagomorpha were retrieved as the earliest brachyceran lineages, but the clade (Stratiomyomorpha + (Xylophagomorpha + Tabanomorpha)) was not supported. In most analyses, Platypezoidea were recovered as the sister-group to Cyclorrhapha. Syrphoidea were non-monophyletic with respect to Pipunculus. Milichiidae were non-monophyletic because of Pachylophus. Sphaeroceroidea were, in most cases, placed as the sister-group to Ephydroidea. Within Calyptratae, Hippoboscoidea were sister to an assemblage of lineages composed of a muscoid grade and Oestroidea, the latter being monophyletic in the Bayesian analyses using the PhyloBayes site-heterogeneous mixture model.

Additional file 2. Borg scale before and after 6MWT.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Nanopore, Illumina, Hi-C, sequencing data for M. paniculata. Table S2. Chromosome length statistics. Table S3. Summary of transposable elements in the genomes of M. paniculate, P. trifoliata, C. maxima, C. sinensis. Table S4. Functional annotations of genes in M. paniculata. Table S5. miRNA statistics. Table S6. Genome BUSCO results of the M. paniculate genome assembly. Table S7. Protein BUSCO results of the M. paniculate genome assembly. Table S8. Repeat sequence statistics among different genome regions. Table S9. Repeat sequence statistics in intron. Table S10. The optimised PAAS gene sequences according to the E. coli codon. Table S11. Summary of PAAS steady-state kinetic data with L-Phe as substrate. Table S12. The primers for pET28a vector construction.

Additional file 1. Operational definitions of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a well-known application of quantum information theory that guarantees information-theoretically secure key exchange. As QKD becomes more and more commercially viable, challenges such as scalability, network integration, and high production costs need to be addressed. Photonic and electronic integrated circuits that can be produced in large volumes at low cost hold the key to large-scale deployment of next-generation QKD systems. Here, we present a continuous-variable (CV) QKD system using an integrated photonic-electronic receiver that combines a silicon photonic integrated circuit implementing a phase-diverse receiver with custom-designed GaAs pHEMT transimpedance amplifiers. The QKD system operates at a classical telecom symbol rate of 10 GBaud, generating high secret key rates exceeding 0.7 Gb/s over a distance of 5 km and 0.3 Gb/s over a distance of 10 km. The secret keys are secure against collective attacks with finite-size effects taken into account. Well-designed digital signal processing enabled the high-speed operation. Our experiment sets a new record for secure quantum communication and paves the way for the next generation of CV-QKD systems.

Supplemental document

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Morphology of M. paniculata tree and flowers at different developmental stages. Fig. S2. The 21-mer distribution generated by M. paniculata whole genome NGS reads. Fig. S3. Hi-C contact heatmap of M. paniculata. Fig. S4. Comparison of Ks distributions of inter- and intra-species homologous gene pairs for M. paniculata and C. sinensis. Fig. S5. Collinearity analysis between M. paniculata genome and those of C. sinensis, C. maxima, and P. trifoliata. Fig. S6. Repeat lengths in different regions of the genomes. Fig. S7. Numbers and percentages of different TE types in genomes of four Rutaceae species. Fig. S8. Gene percentages with different types of TEs inserting in 10-kb upstream and downstream regions in four Rutaceae genomes. Fig. S9. Phylogenetic trees of Copia and Gypsy transposase in four Rutaceae genomes. Fig. S10. Collinearity among PAAS gene regions in P. trifoliata, M. paniculata, C. maxima, and C. sinensis. Fig. S11. Detailed schematic diagram of the structure of the PAAS gene regions in C. sinensis. Fig. S12. Enzymatic characterization of PAASs.

Additional file 3. ROC curve characteristics of 6MWD and e $$\dot{V}$$ V ˙ O2max on the 2nd, 4th, and 7th day.

Supplemental Material, sj-pptx-4-gsj-10.1177_21925682211027833 for Effect of Zoledronic Acid on the Vertebral Body Bone Mineral Density After Instrumented Intervertebral Fusion in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis by Junjun Fan, Tao Liu, Xin Dong, Siguo Sun, Hongtao Zhang, Chunbao Yang, Xin Yin, Bo Liao and Xiaoxiang Li in Global Spine Journal

Today's data centres, which underpin software such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning, rely on optical transceivers to move information between servers. Hundreds of thousands of such transceivers are installed yearly. Despite this being a mass market, assembly of electronics and optics into a transceiver is still a step-by-step process, which makes it difficult to increase throughput and drive down cost. The EU-funded Caladan project is harnessing micro-transfer printing technology to move from sequential assembly to a manufacturing process in which thousands of transceivers are assembled in one parallel step. At the transmit side, a Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) driver IC is designed to be compatible with the micro transfer printing process by limiting its footprint to a mere 200µm by 300µm. Such a small footprint allows for dense integration with the long (typically a couple of mm) MZMs implemented in imec’s silicon photonics platform (iSiPP). However, innovation at the device level only is not sufficient to support the increasing demands for more bandwidth. System level developments towards coherent communication links are hampered by the need for power hungry DSP to correct the phase error between the received signal and the LO at the receiver. One way to completely mitigate this problem is by detecting the phase difference between subsequent symbols (by way of a delay line interferometer), instead of detecting the phase with respect to a fixed reference laser (LO). Analysis shows that optical systems using Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) offer a viable alternative to LO-based coherent systems.

C38H34N2O4, triclinic, P 1 ‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 11.1158(19) Å, b = 11.302(2) Å, c = 12.634(2) Å, α = 72.109(2)°, β = 77.410(2)°, γ = 82.648(3)°, V = 1362.4(5) Å3, Z = 2, R gt (F) = 0.0473, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1738, T = 296 K.

The theoretical modeling of a functionally graded (FG) graphene nanoplatelet (GPL)-reinforced assembled beam–plate structure resting on elastic supports is presented for the first time, and its free vibration analysis is performed. Herein, the assembled structure is modeled according to the Kirchhoff plate theory and the Rayleigh beam theory. The graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) gradiently distribute in the beam’s radial direction and in the plate’s thickness direction, respectively. By adopting the rule of mixture and the Halpin–Tsai model, the effective material properties can be obtained. By employing the Lagrange’s equation and considering the effects of Coriolis force and centrifugal force, the coupled governing equations of the assembled structure are determined. Furthermore, the assumed modes method and substructure modal synthesis method are applied to obtain the frequencies of the assembled beam–plate structure. A comprehensive numerical investigation is carried out to discuss the influence of the structural and material parameters on the vibration behavior of the beam–plate structure.

Trichome is a specialized structure found on the surface of the plant with important function in survival against abiotic and biotic stress. It is also an important economic trait in crop breeding. Extensive research has investigated the foliar trichome in model plants (Arabidopsis and tomato). However, the developmental mechanism of tepal trichome remains elusive. Lilium pumilum is an edible ornamental bulb and a good breeding parent possessing cold and salt-alkali resistance. Here, we found a natural mutant of Lilium pumilum grown on a highland whose tepals are covered by trichomes. Our data indicate that trichomes of this mutant are multicellular and branchless. Notably, stomata are also developed on the tepal of the mutant as well, suggesting there may be a correlated between trichome and stomata regulation. Furthermore, we isolated 27 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing the transcriptome profiling between the natural mutant and the wild type. These twenty-seven genes belong to four groups: epidermal cell cycle and division, trichome morphogenesis, stress response, and transcription factors. Quantitative real-time PCR in Lilium pumilum (natural mutant and the wild type) and other lily species (Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii/ trichome; Lilium davidii var. willmottiael, trichomeless) confirmed the validation of RNA-seq data and identified several trichome-related genes.

Partial absence of face information challenges the robustness of face recognition algorithms. In order to reduce the effect of partial information loss on face recognition, a Face Recognition Metho...

Studies on environmental-friendly surfactants are essential to potentially replace those highly toxic and non-biodegradable commercially available surfactants. Two biocompatible polymeric anionic (AS1) and nonionic (NS1) surfactants were successfully synthesised from palm oil derivatives via polyesterification. The cytotoxicity of surfactants was measured by in vitro succinate dehydrogenase activity (MTT assay). Results revealed that both surfactants achieved cell viability above 80% against human keratinocytes (HaCaT), mouse fibroblasts (3T3), mouse hepatocytes (H2.35) and canine kidney cells (MDCK) in both dose- and time-dependent manners. Antimicrobial potential of both surfactants was evaluated using minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay. Results indicated that AS1 had a significant antimicrobial activity against most of the tested Gram-positive bacteria. Meanwhile, only one of the Gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii) was successfully reduced by NS1. Both surfactants were subsequently compounded into natural rubber latex (NRL). From rheological study, AS1 exhibited better viscosity behaviour with longer linear viscoelastic region (LVR) towards high ammonia (HA) NRL, signifying its potential in providing stability in the latex environment.

Kongsfjorden is a typical glacier fjord in the European Arctic. In order to know the distribution and diversity of planktonic prokaryotes in the fjord subjected to strong physical gradient related with local glacier dynamics, prokaryote communities along a transect extending from the outer to the inner fjord was investigated in the summer of 2015 using 454 pyrosequencing of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Higher diversity and species richness were detected in Bacteria than in Archaea in each sample. Archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences were not detected in the outer area of the fjord. Nitrososphaeria within the phylum Crenarchaeota and Poseidoniia within the Thermoplasmatota were two dominant archaeal groups in the fjord. At the genus level, Nitrosopumilus, Nitrosopelagicus, MGIIa-L1, and MGIIb–O2 dominated seawater archaeal communities. Higher abundances of Poseidoniale-related archaea were observed in the deep water than in the surface water. The Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota dominated the planktonic bacterial communities, with Verrucomicrobiota (represented by Verrucomicrobiae) dominating the middle area of the fjord. At the class level, Bacteroidia, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria dominated the bacterial communities within Kongsfjorden. Sequences affiliated with genera Polaribacter and Yoonia were frequently detected in the fjord. Results suggest that planktonic archaeal and bacterial community compositions in Kongsfjorden can be driven by different major environmental factors.

Members of the genus Devosia are known for their abilities to degrade deoxynivalenol (DON). The type strain Devosia beringensis S02

Snow in Antarctica is a vast terrestrial ecosystem and plays a key role that has likely been underestimated. Algae are the key primary producers on the coloured snow surface, and they support a microbial community that includes bacteria, fungi and/or invertebrates. We analysed microbial communities that co-exist in green and red snow samples from the Fildes Peninsula by Illumina sequencing, Antarctica, as well as the influence of snow physicochemical properties. We detected several species of green algae from Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta as well as fungi and cercozoans. The three red snow samples (RS1, RS2 and RS3) were represented by mixed eukaryotic microalgae from Sanguina, Chloromonas and Trebouxiophyceae. The green snow sample GS5 exhibited lake-to-snow colonisation composed of Trebouxiophyceae, Ulvophyceae and Chrysophyta representatives. The red snow RS4, predominantly by Chlainomonas sp. from slush layers, which presented a different microbial community from the other red snow samples, was sampled close to green snow sample GS5 near Lake Changhu. The environmental parameters were involved into descriptive differences among these coloured snow samples. The two snow algae Chlainomonas and Sanguina were firstly reported from Antarctica, which indicates distinguished snow algae colonisation that is closely connected with the melting snow at the lake ice-cover. Meanwhile, consistent with previous bacterial community profiles, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were mostly represented in all the coloured snow samples. Polaromonas (Betaproteobacteria) was the most abundant genus, and its presence was reportedly essential for the sustained growth of snow algae. Flavobacterium from Bacteroidetes was the most frequently detected genera in GS5, but the Sphingobacteriia with only a few reads were an interestingly minority in GS5. The snow-algae-associated bacteria were closely related to psychrophilic strains or sequences from low-temperature environments. Many possible factors influence on the coloured snow microbial communities would require attentions, to help understand their occurrence mechanisms, their biogeographic distributions in polar regions.

There is a high demand for high detection accuracy and resolution with respect to anomalous bodies due to the increased development of underground spaces. This study focused on the weighted inversion of observed data from individual array type electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and developed an improved method of applying a data weighing function to the geoelectrical inversion procedure. In this method, the weighting factor as an observed data weighting term was introduced into the objective function. For individual arrays, the sensitivity decreases with increasing electrode interval. Therefore, the Jacobian matrices were computed for the observed data of individual arrays to determine the value of the weighting factor, and the weighting factor was calculated automatically during inversion. In this work, 2D combined inversion of ERT data from four-electrode Alfa-type arrays is examined. The effectiveness of the weighted inversion method was demonstrated using various synthetic and real data examples. The results indicated that the inversion method based on observed data weighted function could improve the contribution of observed data with depth information to the objective function. It has been proven that the combined weighted inversion method could be a feasible tool for improving the accuracies of positioning and resolution while imaging deep anomalous bodies in the subsurface.

Activated carbon fiber has excellent structural characteristics and adsorption performance. It can effectively adsorb various inorganic and organic compounds and has good regeneration performance. Therefore, it is widely used in the market. To study the advantages of activated carbon fiber in purifying water resources, this research use application of activated carbon fiber material in purification and filtration of water filter, and the test of adsorption and filtration effect of different host materials are described. The main body and influencing factors of filtering effect are obtained. In this research, the viscose-based activated carbon fiber mats and acrylic-based activated carbon fabrics are the main research subjects, and other materials were added for coating composite research. Through a comparative study of the two materials, it has been found that carbon fiber has many advantages, such as is more economical, practical, convenient, low cost, and cost-effective, and is worthy of promotion in industry and daily life using.

Solid tumour tissues are composed of tumour and non-tumour cells, such as stromal cells and immune cells. These non-tumour cells constitute an essential part of the tumour microenvironment (TME), which decrease the tumour purity and play an important role in carcinogenesis, malignancy progression, treatment resistance and prognostic assessment. However, the implications of various purity levels in gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used an in-silico approach to infer the tumour purity of 2,259 GC samples obtained from our hospital and 12 public datasets based on the transcriptomic data. We systematically evaluated the association of tumour purity with clinical outcomes, biological features, TME characteristics and treatment response in GC. We found that tumour purity might be a patient-specific intrinsic characteristic of GC. Low tumour purity was independently correlated with shorter survival time and faster recurrence and significantly associated with mesenchymal, invasive and metastatic phenotypes. Integrating GC purity into a clinical prognostic nomogram significantly improved predictive validity and reliability. In addition, low tumour purity was strongly associated with immune and stromal cell functions. Fibroblasts, endothelial cells and monocytes were markedly enriched in low-purity tumours, serving as robust indicators of a poor prognosis. Moreover, patients with low GC purity may not benefit more from adjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings highlight that tumour purity confers important clinical, biological, microenvironmental and treatment implications for patients with GC. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of tumour purity in individual tumours can provide more insights into the molecular mechanisms of GC, facilitate precise classification and clinical prediction and help to develop more effective individualised treatment strategies.

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Flow diagram of inclusion and exclusion.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Literature search strategy.

Additional file 4: Table S1. Summarized data of clinical and pathological parameters from the eligible studies.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jbm-10.1177_17246008211032689 for The prognostic significance of microRNA-221 in hepatocellular carcinoma: An updated meta-analysis by Wenfeng Liu, Keshu Hu, Feng Zhang, Shenxin Lu, Rongxin Chen, Zhenggang Ren and Xin Yin in The International Journal of Biological Markers

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. Kaplan–Meier analysis of the association of circGRP137B high or low expression with overall survival in advanced stage cases. Supplementary Figure S2. TCGA analysis of the expression levels of GPR137B and its correlation with miR-4739 expression in HCC tissue samples. Supplementary Figure S3. Kaplan–Meier analysis of the association of miR-4739 high or low expression with (A) overall survival and (B) tumor recurrence in HCC and early/late stage cases. Supplementary Figure S4. qPCR analysis of the effects of miR-4739 mimics on the expression of circGPR137B in HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines. Supplementary Figure S5. MeRIP analysis of the effects of FTO on the m6A levels of GPR137B and RIP analysis of the binding between FTO and GPR137B in HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines. Supplementary Figure S6. Comparison of the body weight between circGPR137B and control groups in liver tumor peritoneal metastasis models.

Additional file 5: Table S5. Top 10 significantly enriched KEGG pathways of Candida albicans (according to P value).

Additional file 1: Table S1. Significant enrichment of GO terms for Candida albicans (top 5 according to P value).

Additional file 9: Figure S1. Construction of the PPI network from four groups of Candida. Candida albicans (A), Candida glabrata (B), Candida parapsilosis (C) and Candida tropicalis (D).

There is a pressing need for host-directed therapeutics that elicit broad-spectrum antiviral activities to potentially address current and future viral pandemics. Apratoxin S4 (Apra S4) is a potent Sec61 inhibitor that prevents cotranslational translocation of secretory proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to anticancer and antiangiogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo. Since Sec61 has been shown to be an essential host factor for viral proteostasis, we tested Apra S4 in cellular models of viral infection, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, and flaviviruses (Zika, West Nile, and Dengue virus). Apra S4 inhibited viral replication in a concentration-dependent manner and had high potency particularly against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus, with subnanomolar activity in human cells. Characterization studies focused on SARS-CoV-2 revealed that Apra S4 impacted a post-entry stage of the viral life-cycle. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Apra S4 blocked formation of stacked double-membrane vesicles, the sites of viral replication. Apra S4 reduced dsRNA formation and prevented viral protein production and trafficking of secretory proteins, especially the spike protein. Given the potent and broad-spectrum activity of Apra S4, further preclinical evaluation of Apra S4 and other Sec61 inhibitors as antivirals is warranted.

Additional file 9: Figure S1. Construction of the PPI network from four groups of Candida. Candida albicans (A), Candida glabrata (B), Candida parapsilosis (C) and Candida tropicalis (D).

Additional file 2: Table S2. Significant enrichment of GO terms for Candida glabrata (top 5 according to P value).

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Forest plot for different clinicopathological parameters.

Additional file 1: Supplementary file 1. Baseline characteristics of the patients in HMU-GC cohort. Supplementary file 2. The expression of AADAC in TCGA-STAD dataset. Supplementary file 3. Baseline characteristics of the patients. Supplementary file 4. The full length original Western blot (WB) images.

Additional file 6: Table S6. Top 10 significantly enriched KEGG pathways of Candida glabrata (according to P value).