84 results on '"Yih-Jyh Lin"'
Search Results
2. The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training reduces postoperative pulmonary complications rate and increased respiratory muscle function in patients with upper abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
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Yu-Ting, Huang, Yih-Jyh, Lin, Ching-Hsia, Hung, Hui-Ching, Cheng, Hsin-Lun, Yang, Yi-Liang, Kuo, Pei-Ming, Chu, Yi-Fang, Tsai, and Kun-Ling, Tsai
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Postoperative Complications ,Humans ,Muscle Strength ,General Medicine ,Breathing Exercises ,Lung ,Respiratory Muscles - Abstract
Upper abdominal surgical treatment may reduce respiratory muscle function and mucociliary clearance, which might be a cause of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Threshold inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may serve as an effective modality to improve respiratory muscle strength and endurance in patients. However, whether this training could help patients with upper abdominal surgery remains to be determined. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of a fully engaged IMT on PPCs and respiratory function in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. We hypothesized that the fully engaged IMT could reduce PPCs and improve respiratory muscle function in patients with upper abdominal surgery. This is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 28 patients who underwent upper abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to the control (CLT) group or the IMT group. The CTL group received regular health care. The IMT group received 3 weeks of IMT with 50% of MIP as the initial intensity before the operation. The intensity of MIP increased by 5–10% per week. The IMT was continued for 4 weeks after the operation. The study investigated the outcomes including PPCs, respiratory muscle strength, diaphragmatic function, cardiopulmonary function, and quality of life (QoL). We found that IMT improved respiratory muscle strength and diaphragmatic excursion. IMT also had a beneficial effect on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) compared to CLT care. The results from this study revealed that IMT provided positive effects on parameters associated with the respiratory muscle function and reduced the incidence of PPCs. We propose that fully engaged IMT should be a part of clinical management in patients with upper abdominal surgery.KEY MESSAGESThe fully engaged inspiratory muscle training reduces postoperative pulmonary complications rate in patients with upper abdominal surgery.The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases maximal inspiratory pressure in patients with upper abdominal surgery.The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases diaphragm function in patients with upper abdominal surgery.The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases the quality of life in patients with upper abdominal surgery. The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training reduces postoperative pulmonary complications rate in patients with upper abdominal surgery. The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases maximal inspiratory pressure in patients with upper abdominal surgery. The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases diaphragm function in patients with upper abdominal surgery. The fully engaged inspiratory muscle training increases the quality of life in patients with upper abdominal surgery.
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- 2022
3. Prevention and management of tuberculosis in solid organ transplantation: A consensus statement of the transplantation society of Taiwan
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Chen-Yuan Chiang, Cheng-Hsu Chen, Jia-Yih Feng, Yang-Jen Chiang, Wei-Chang Huang, Yih-Jyh Lin, Yi-Wen Huang, Hsin-Hsu Wu, Pin-Hui Lee, Ming-Che Lee, Chin-Chung Shu, Hsu-Han Wang, Jann-Yuan Wang, Mei-Yi Wu, Chih-Yuan Lee, and Mai-Szu Wu
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General Medicine - Published
- 2023
4. Pleural Effusion With Gastric Ulcer
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Yih-Jyh Lin, Shih-Chieh Chien, and Hsueh-Chien Chiang
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Liver Cirrhosis ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Pleural effusion ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Liver transplantation ,Gastroenterology ,Tacrolimus ,Lymphoma, Primary Effusion ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Stomach Ulcer ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Liver Transplantation ,Pleural Effusion ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Primary effusion lymphoma ,business ,Immunosuppressive Agents - Published
- 2022
5. Urine DNA biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma screening
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Amy K. Kim, James P. Hamilton, Selena Y. Lin, Ting-Tsung Chang, Hie-Won Hann, Chi-Tan Hu, Yue Lou, Yih-Jyh Lin, Terence P. Gade, Grace Park, Harry Luu, Tai-Jung Lee, Jeremy Wang, Dion Chen, Michael G. Goggins, Surbhi Jain, Wei Song, and Ying-Hsiu Su
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Cancer Research ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Oncology ,Liver Neoplasms ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,alpha-Fetoproteins ,Article ,Circulating Tumor DNA - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs in a well-defined high-risk patient population, but better screening tests are needed to improve sensitivity and efficacy. Therefore, we investigated the use of urine circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) as a screening test. METHODS: Candidate markers in urine were selected from HCC and controls. We then enrolled 609 patients from five medical centres to test the selected urine panel. A two-stage model was developed to combine AFP and urine panel as a screening test. RESULTS: Mutated TP53, and methylated RASSF1a, and GSTP1 were selected as the urine panel markers. Serum AFP outperformed the urine panel among all cases of HCC, but the urine panel identified 49% of HCC cases with low AFP
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- 2022
6. Underdiagnosis of High-Risk Liver Diseases Leads to Inadequate Ultrasound Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Shih-Chiang Edward Kuo, Yih-Jyh Lin, and Jung-Der Wang
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Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,General Medicine - Published
- 2022
7. Real-World Comparative Effectiveness of Nivolumab versus Pembrolizumab in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Hsin-Yu Kuo, Meng-Zhi Han, Chih-Hsiang Liao, Yih-Jyh Lin, Chung-Teng Wang, Shang-Hung Chen, Ting-Tsung Chang, Po-Jun Chen, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Chiung-Yu Chen, Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, I-Chin Wu, Juei-Seng Wu, Tzu-Chun Hong, Ming-Tsung Hsieh, Yang-Cheng Lee, Hung-Tsung Wu, and Hong-Ming Tsai
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hepatocellular carcinoma ,immune checkpoint inhibitors ,immunotherapy ,nivolumab ,pembrolizumab ,programmed cell death protein-1 ,Pharmaceutical Science - Abstract
Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, comparisons of the clinical efficacy and safety profile for these drugs are still scarce. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the differences in efficacy and safety between nivolumab and pembrolizumab in unresectable HCC patients in a real-world setting. Patients and methods: A total of 115 patients who received treatment with nivolumab (n = 73) or pembrolizumab (n = 42) in combination with or without tyrosine kinase inhibitors was enrolled. Therapeutic response, survival outcomes, and safety profiles were compared among these groups. Multivariate analysis of survival response was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Patients treated with pembrolizumab demonstrated a significantly higher objective response rate than those with nivolumab (38.1% vs. 15.1%; odds ratio 4.18, p = 0.005) regardless of the combination strategies. In addition, pembrolizumab performed a better overall survival (OS) than nivolumab, (34.9 vs. 9.5 months; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.39, p = 0.004). In subgroup analysis, pembrolizumab exhibited favorable OS than nivolumab for monotherapy (HR = 0.16, p = 0.001) or combination therapy (HR = 0.33, p = 0.006) as second-line or later-line (HR = 0.19, p = 0.001) therapy and those with (HR = 0.31, p = 0.006) or without (HR = 0.15, p = 0.004) well-compensated liver disease. The incidence of adverse events was comparable for both treatments. Conclusion: Both pembrolizumab and nivolumab had significant effects for HCC therapy, and pembrolizumab had a significant survival benefit as compared with nivolumab.
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- 2022
8. Graft Inflow Modulation in Living-Donor Liver Transplantation: Hepatic Hemodynamic Changes in Splenic Artery Ligation and Splenectomy
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Che-Min, Su, Tsung-Ching, Chou, Tsung-Han, Yang, and Yih-Jyh, Lin
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Adult ,Transplantation ,Hepatic Artery ,Liver ,Portal Vein ,Hemodynamics ,Living Donors ,Splenectomy ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Splenic Artery ,Liver Transplantation - Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive portal flow to an allograft was a key mechanism for small-for-size syndrome in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Good outcomes in LDLT by graft inflow modulation (GIM) using a small graft were reported, but the effect on hepatic hemodynamics is undefined. This report summarizes our experience with GIM and compares the effects of splenic artery ligation (SAL) and splenectomy on hepatic hemodynamic changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-nine patients who underwent adult-to-adult LDLT from June 2014 to December 2020 were included in this study. GIM was performed in 36 patients (17 patients with SAL and 19 with splenectomy). RESULTS The GIM group had lower graft-to-recipient weight compared to the no-modulation group (median, 0.91% versus 1.04%, P=0.022). Initial portal venous flow (PVF) was higher in the GIM group (median, 311 versus 156 ml/min/100 g, P0.001). After GIM, PVF decreased to 224 ml/min/100 g. One-year graft survival with GIM was 89.9%, and for the no-modulation group it was 86.6% (P=0.945). In the subgroup analysis, the efficacy of decompressing PVF was higher in the splenectomy subgroup (median, 14.3% versus 41.8%, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS GIM was useful for grafts with high PVF. Splenectomy modulated excessive PVF more effectively than did SAL. Perioperative hepatic hemodynamic changes could assist surgeons in selecting different GIM strategies.
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- 2022
9. Efficacy of local‐regional treatment plus sorafenib in intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients refractory to transarterial chemoembolization
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Tzu‐Chun Hong, Hong‐Ming Tsai, Yih‐Jyh Lin, Chiung‐Yu Chen, Chiao‐Hsiung Chuang, I‐Chin Wu, Ting‐Tsung Chang, Meng‐Zhi Han, Sheng‐Hsiang Lin, Shang‐Hung Chen, Hao‐Chen Wang, Po‐Jun Chen, Ming‐Tsung Hsieh, Hsueh‐Chien Chiang, Chieh‐Yen Liu, and Hsin‐Yu Kuo
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General Medicine - Published
- 2022
10. Real-world outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular tumor thrombosis
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Shih-Chieh Chien, Chiung Yu Chen, Hong Ming Tsai, I-Chin Wu, Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, Yih Jyh Lin, Hsin-Yu Kuo, Hung-Chih Chiu, Pin-Nan Cheng, Po-Jun Chen, Ting-Tsung Chang, Meng-Zhi Han, Jui-Wen Kang, and Yen-Cheng Chiu
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Male ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Inferior vena cava ,Macrovascular invasion ,Metastasis ,Immune checkpoint inhibitors ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Adverse effect ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Response rate (survey) ,Portal Vein ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Thrombosis ,Immunotherapy ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Survival Rate ,medicine.vein ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Original Article ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,Tyrosine kinase ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have shown promising results for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical utility of such inhibitors in HCC patients with vascular tumor thrombosis remains unclear. This study investigated PD-1 inhibitor efficacy in advanced HCC with macrovascular invasion in a clinical setting. Among the 110 patients with unresectable HCC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, 34 patients with vascular metastases in the portal vein and inferior vena cava were retrospectively compared with 34 patients without tumor thrombi. The vascular response and its effect on survival were assessed. Predictors of survival were identified using multivariate analysis. Among patients achieving objective response, those with and without thrombi exhibited similar response to immunotherapy and comparable survival. Among the 34 patients with tumor thrombi, including 13 receiving PD-1 inhibitors alone and 21 receiving it in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the median overall survival was 8.9 months (95% confidence interval 3.2–12.6). The objective response rate of vascular metastasis was 52.9%, and vascular responders had a significantly longer survival than did non-responders (11.1 vs 3.9 months). Failure to obtain a vascular response correlated significantly with increased post-treatment Child–Pugh score or class. Multivariate analysis showed that vascular response was a significant positive factor for longer overall survival. Treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 3 (8.8%) of the patients with tumor thrombi. Immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors may be a feasible treatment option for HCC with tumor thrombi owing to the high response rate of tumor thrombi and favorable survival outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00262-020-02845-9.
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- 2021
11. Real-World Effectiveness of Sorafenib versus Lenvatinib Combined with PD-1 Inhibitors in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Hsueh-Chien Chiang, Yang-Cheng Lee, Ting-Tsung Chang, Yih-Jyh Lin, Hung-Tsung Wu, Chung-Teng Wang, Chiung-Yu Chen, Po-Jun Chen, Ming-Tsung Hsieh, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Shang-Hung Chen, Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, I-Chin Wu, Tzu-Chun Hong, Juei-Seng Wu, Meng-Zhi Han, Wei-Ting Chen, Chien-Ming Chiang, Kuan-Kai Hung, and Hsin-Yu Kuo
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Cancer Research ,Oncology ,immune checkpoint inhibitor ,sorafenib ,lenvatinib ,hepatocellular carcinoma - Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MTKIs) exert a synergistic effect and are effective in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, precise data regarding the real-world clinical applications of these combination therapies in uHCC are lacking. This study compared the treatment efficacy of sorafenib versus lenvatinib in combination with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors in patients with uHCC in a clinical setting. Among 208 patients with uHCC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, 88 were administered with ICIs in combination with sorafenib or lenvatinib. The treatment response and survival outcomes were evaluated. Predictors of survival were assessed by multivariate analysis. A total of 49 patients were treated with PD-1 inhibitors combined with sorafenib, and 39 patients were treated with PD-1 inhibitors combined with lenvatinib. The lenvatinib group exhibited a stronger objective response rate (ORR) (20.51% vs. 16.33%) and had a higher disease control rate (41.03% vs. 28.57%) than did the sorafenib group. The median overall survival was longer in the lenvatinib group than the sorafenib group (13.1 vs. 7.8 months; hazard ratio = 0.39, p = 0.017). The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was similar. PD-1 inhibitors combined with lenvatinib can be a feasible treatment strategy for HCC patients receiving MTKI-based combination therapy. PD-1 inhibitors combined with lenvatinib resulted in more favorable survival outcomes without increased toxic effects compared with PD-1 inhibitors with sorafenib. Additional larger-scale and prospective studies should be conducted to verify the study results.
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- 2023
12. The immune microenvironment features and response to immunotherapy in EBV-associated lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma
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Chiang Nai-Jung, Ya-Chin Hou, Kien Thiam Tan, Hung-Wen Tsai, Yih-Jyh Lin, Yi-Chen Yeh, Li-Tzong Chen, Ya-Fu Hou, Ming-Huang Chen, and Yan-Shen Shan
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Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ,Herpesvirus 4, Human ,Hepatology ,NF-kappa B ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Mixed Function Oxygenases ,Cholangiocarcinoma ,Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ,Bile Duct Neoplasms ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Humans ,Immunotherapy ,Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2 ,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - Abstract
Background & Aims Limited data are available for tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma (EBV-LELCC), a rare subtype of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). We aimed to investigate TIME features in EBV-LELCC and the correlation between the components of TIME and the clinical outcomes. Methods Tumor tissues from Five EBV-LELCC cases confirmed through EBER in situ hybridization and five stage-matched conventional IHCC (non-EBV IHCC) cases were collected. These samples were used to evaluate genetic alterations, TIME composition, and PD-L1 expression through ion AmpliSeq comprehensive cancer panel, PanCancer immune profiling panel, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. The correlation between clinical outcomes and TIME components was analyzed in the two EBV-LELCC cases receiving anti-PD-1 treatment.Results The genetic mutations identified in EBV-LELCC were BARD1, CD19, CD79B, EPHA5, KDM5A, MUC6, MUC16, PTEN, RECQL4, TET1, and TNFAIP3. PD-L1 was highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially the T cells and macrophages. The TIME of EBV-LELCC displayed abundant immune cell infiltration with a stronger adaptive immune response. Increased Th1 cells, NK CD56dim cells, and M1 macrophages, decreased M2 macrophages, exhausted CD8 T cell infiltration, and increased T cell activation signatures in TIME were associated with longer survival. Two patients with metastatic EBV-LELCC had good disease control after anti-PD-1 antibody treatment. A significantly larger TIME component made EBV-LELCCs more sensitive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Conclusion A better understanding of the composition of TIME in EBV-LELCC is critical for predicting the clinical outcomes of ICB treatment.
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- 2022
13. Cancer-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β Modulates Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Ampullary Cancer
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Ying Jui Chao, Yih Jyh Lin, Yan Shen Shan, Nam Nhut Phan, Li Chin Cheng, Chih-Yang Wang, Yi Ling Chen, Hui Ping Hsu, Tzu Wen Wang, and Ming Derg Lai
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0301 basic medicine ,Cluster of differentiation ,CD68 ,Cancer ,Transforming growth factor beta ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Immunosurveillance ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Immunohistochemistry ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Transforming growth factor - Abstract
Purpose Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) originate from monocytes and differentiate into mature macrophages. The interaction between cancer cells and TAMs promotes tumor growth and suppresses immunosurveillance. However, this phenomenon has seldom been observed in ampullary cancer. Patients and methods TAMs in ampullary cancer were investigated using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of cancer tissues. Bioinformatic analysis of data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database revealed transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling in ampullary cancer. The complementary DNA microarray of cancer was compared with adjacent normal duodenum and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum was used to verify TGF-β signaling in patients. The THP-1 cell line was activated in vitro to imitate M2 TAMs. ClueGo and CluePedia software were operated to simulate TGF-β-related networks in ampullary cancer. Results The IHC study revealed that the majority of TAMs inside ampullary cancer were cluster of differentiation (CD)163+ cells and that the expression of mature CD68+ macrophages was correlated with advanced cancer stage. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TGF-β and its downstream signaling were significantly upregulated. To verify our bioinformatics-derived predictions, we performed several experiments and demonstrated that increased TGF-β expression was detected in the cDNA microarray. Higher serum levels of TGF-β were correlated with fewer CD68+ and more inducible nitric oxide synthase macrophages in ampullary cancer. Treatment with TGF-β induced modulation of THP-1-derived macrophages. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that TGF-β modulates macrophage activity in ampullary cancer. Targeting TGF-β could be an approach to activating immunosurveillance.
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- 2020
14. Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with or without a Combination of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Organ-Specific Efficacy and Macrovascular Invasion in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Nai-Jung Chiang, Chiung Yu Chen, Hong Ming Tsai, Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, Ting-Tsung Chang, I-Chin Wu, Yih Jyh Lin, and Hsin-Yu Kuo
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Male ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ,ECOG Performance Status ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Tumor Microenvironment ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Response rate (survey) ,Tumor microenvironment ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Cell Cycle Checkpoints ,Hematology ,Immunotherapy ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Progression-Free Survival ,Treatment Outcome ,Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Female ,business ,Tyrosine kinase - Abstract
Introduction: The tumor microenvironments of different organs often differ and thus may affect the immunotherapy response. Objective: This study elucidated that the efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors varies across different metastatic sites among individuals with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed treatment outcomes in advanced HCC patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors with or without a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Both the overall response rate (ORR) and organ-specific response rate (OSRR) were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria. A survival analysis and its predictors were determined using a multivariate analysis. Results: We analyzed 42 advanced HCC patients (median age: 58.0 years; 78.6% males). Thirty (71.4%) patients were sorafenib-experienced and 27 (64.3%) were administered a combination of TKIs. The ORR was 14.3% and the disease control rate was 33.3%. The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 12.0 and 2.9 months, respectively. The OSRRs were 14.7, 23.8, 28.6, and 50.0% for the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and vascular response, respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that the vascular response was significantly associated with PFS. ECOG performance status was a significant independent predictor of OS. Conclusions: PD-1 inhibitors improved OS and PFS in advanced HCC patients. Their efficacies varied among the metastatic locations regardless of the combination of TKIs; in particular, a higher response in vascular metastases was correlated with a longer PFS. PD-1 inhibitors may deliver a synergistic benefit in patients undergoing traditional therapy and progression in other organs in vascular responders.
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- 2020
15. CPAP enhances and maintains chronic inflammation in hepatocytes to promote hepatocarcinogenesis
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Hung Wen Tsai, Yao-Wen Liu, Chia Jui Yen, Yih Jyh Lin, Liang Yi Hung, Ruo-Yu Chen, Ting-Fen Tasi, Ju Ming Wang, Yu-Chuan Huang, and Ming-Hao Lee
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Cancer Research ,Chemokine ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Transgene ,Immunology ,Inflammation ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Mice ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Gene expression ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,STAT3 ,QH573-671 ,biology ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Cell Biology ,digestive system diseases ,respiratory tract diseases ,Cytokine ,Chronic Disease ,Hepatocytes ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Tumour immunology ,medicine.symptom ,Cytology ,business ,Carcinogenesis ,Microtubule-Associated Proteins ,Liver cancer - Abstract
Chronic and persistent inflammation is a well-known carcinogenesis promoter. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common inflammation-associated cancers; most HCCs arise in the setting of chronic inflammation and hepatic injury. Both NF-κB and STAT3 are important regulators of inflammation. Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP), a centrosomal protein that participates primarily in centrosome functions, is overexpressed in HCC and can increase TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-6-induced STAT3 activation. A transgenic (Tg) mouse model with hepatocyte-specific CPAP expression was established to investigate the physiological role of CPAP in hepatocarcinogenesis. Obvious inflammatory cell accumulation and fatty change were observed in the livers of CPAP Tg mice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and the expression levels of inflammatory genes, such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, were higher in CPAP Tg mice than in wild type (WT) mice. High-dose/short-term treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) increased the ALT level, proinflammatory gene expression levels, and STAT3 and NF-κB activation in CPAP Tg mice; low-dose/long-term DEN treatment induced more severe liver tumor formation in CPAP Tg mice than in WT mice. CPAP can increase the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16 (CCL-16), an important chemotactic cytokine, in human hepatocytes. CCL-16 expression is positively correlated with CPAP and TNF-α mRNA expression in the peritumoral part of HCC. In summary, these results suggest that CPAP may promote hepatocarcinogenesis through enhancing the inflammation pathway via increasing the expression of CCL-16.
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- 2021
16. Detection of
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Selena Y, Lin, Ting-Tsung, Chang, Jamin D, Steffen, Sitong, Chen, Surbhi, Jain, Wei, Song, Yih-Jyh, Lin, and Ying-Hsiu, Su
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cell-free DNA ,recurrence ,beta-catenin ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,mutation ,digestive system diseases ,Article ,urine - Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The beta-catenin gene, CTNNB1, is among the most frequently mutated in HCC tissues. However, mutational analysis of HCC tumors is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining tissue samples using traditional biopsy. Here, we explored the feasibility of detecting tumor-derived CTNNB1 mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from the urine of HCC patients. Using a short amplicon qPCR assay targeting HCC mutational hotspot CTNNB1 codons 32–37 (exon 3), we detected CTNNB1 mutations in 25% (18/73) of HCC tissues and 24% (15/62) of pre-operative HCC urine samples in two independent cohorts. Among the CTNNB1-mutation-positive patients with available matched pre- and post-operative urine (n = 13), nine showed apparent elimination (n = 7) or severalfold reduction (n = 2) of the mutation in urine following tumor resection. Four of the seven patients with no detectable mutations in postoperative urine remained recurrence-free within five years after surgery. In contrast, all six patients with mutation-positive in post-operative urine recurred, including the two with reduced mutation levels. This is the first report of association between the presence of CTNNB1 mutations in pre- and post-operative urine cfDNA and HCC recurrence with implications for minimum residual disease detection.
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- 2021
17. Adjuvant versus Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical and Immunologic Perspectives
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Chia Chen Li, Chiun Hsu, Yung Yeh Su, and Yih Jyh Lin
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Liver Neoplasms ,Cancer ,Immunotherapy ,medicine.disease ,Systemic therapy ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Neoadjuvant Therapy ,Review article ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Internal medicine ,Adjuvant therapy ,Medicine ,Humans ,business ,Adjuvant ,Neoadjuvant therapy - Abstract
Advancement in systemic therapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination regimens, has transformed the treatment landscape for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The advancement in systemic therapy also provides new opportunities of reducing recurrence after curative therapy through adjuvant therapy or improving resectability through neoadjuvant therapy. Improved recurrence-free survival by adjuvant or neoadjuvant ICI-based therapy has been reported in other cancer types. In this article, developments of systemic therapy in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings for HCC were reviewed. The design of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy using ICI-based regimens and potential challenges of trial conduct and result analysis was discussed. Results from these trials may extend the therapeutic benefit of ICI-based systemic therapy beyond the advanced-stage disease and lead to a new era of multidisciplinary management for HCC.
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- 2021
18. CPAP promotes angiogenesis and metastasis by enhancing STAT3 activity
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Yih Jyh Lin, Chieh Yu Weng, Yao Wen Liu, Ruo Yu Chen, Chien Hsien Lai, Liang Yi Hung, Chia Jui Yen, Chun Guo Guo, and Ju Ming Wang
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0301 basic medicine ,Angiogenesis ,Mice, SCID ,Metastasis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,Mice, Inbred NOD ,Medicine ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,STAT3 ,Neovascularization, Pathologic ,biology ,Liver Neoplasms ,Cell migration ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Hyaluronan Receptors ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Microtubule-Associated Proteins ,therapeutics ,circulatory and respiratory physiology ,Signal Transduction ,STAT3 Transcription Factor ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Angiogenesis Pathway ,Article ,src Homology Domains ,03 medical and health sciences ,In vivo ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Proliferation ,Interleukin-6 ,business.industry ,Interleukin-8 ,CD44 ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,nervous system diseases ,respiratory tract diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,business ,Tumour angiogenesis ,Ex vivo - Abstract
Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and positively correlated with recurrence and vascular invasion. Here, we found that CPAP plays an important role in HCC malignancies. Functional characterization indicated that CPAP overexpression increases tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis ex vivo and in vivo. In addition, overexpressed CPAP contributes to sorafenib resistance. Mechanical investigation showed that the expression level of CPAP is positively correlated with activated STAT3 in HCC. CPAP acts as a transcriptional coactivator of STAT3 by directly binding with STAT3. Interrupting the interaction between CPAP and STAT3 attenuates STAT3-mediated tumor growth and angiogenesis. Overexpression of CPAP upregulates several STAT3 target genes such as IL-8 and CD44 that are involved in angiogenesis, and CPAP mRNA expression is positively correlated with the levels of both mRNAs in HCC. Knocked-down expression of CPAP impairs IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation, target gene expression, cell migration, and invasion abilities. IL-6/STAT3-mediated angiogenesis is significantly increased by CPAP overexpression and can be blocked by decreased expression of IL-8. Our findings not only shed light on the importance of CPAP in HCC malignancies, but also provide potential therapeutic strategies for inhibiting the angiogenesis pathway and treating metastatic HCC.
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- 2019
19. Urine biomarker: novel approach to hepatocellular carcinoma screening
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Michael Goggins, Chi Tan Hu, Selena Y. Lin, Tai Jung Lee, Ying Hsiu Su, Harry Luu, Jeremy Wang, James P. Hamilton, Terence P. Gade, Yih Jyh Lin, Grace Park, Surbhi Jain, Hie-Won Hann, Dion Chen, Wei Song, Ting-Tsung Chang, Amy K. Kim, and Yue Lou
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Hepatitis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cirrhosis ,business.industry ,Biomarker panel ,Urine ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,digestive system diseases ,GSTP1 ,Internal medicine ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Cancer screening ,medicine ,Biomarker (medicine) ,business ,neoplasms - Abstract
Background & AimsContinued limitations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening have led to late diagnosis with poor survival, despite well-defined high-risk patient populations. Our aim is to develop a non-invasive urine circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) biomarker panel for HCC screening to aid in early detection.MethodsCandidate ctDNA biomarkers was prescreened in urine samples obtained from HCC, cirrhosis, and hepatitis patients. Then, 609 patient urine samples with HCC, cirrhosis, or chronic hepatitis B were collected from five academic medical centers and evaluated by serum alpha feto-protein (AFP) and urine ctDNA panel using logistic regression, a Two-Step machine learning algorithm, and iterated 10-fold cross-validation.ResultsMutated TP53, and methylated RASSF1a and GSTP1, were selected for the urine ctDNA panel. The sensitivity of AFP-alone (9.8 ng/mL cut-off) to detect HCC was 71% by Two-Step. The combination of ctDNA and AFP increased the sensitivity to 81% at a specificity of 90%. The AUROC for the combination of ctDNA and AFP vs. AFP-alone were 0.925 (95% CI, 0.924-0.925) and 0.877 (95% CI, 0.876-0.877), respectively. Notably, among the patients with AFP ConclusionsThe combination of urine ctDNA and serum AFP can increase HCC detection rates including in those patients with low-AFP. Given the ease of collection, a urine ctDNA panel could be a potential non-invasive HCC screening test.
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- 2020
20. Contemporary real-world evidence in unresectable HCC (uHCC) patients treated with regorafenib in Taiwan: Interim results from the observational REFINE study
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Shi-Ming Lin, Chih-Hung Hsu, Long-Bin Jeng, Yih-Jyh Lin, Ming-Yang Lee, Teng-Yu Lee, and Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
402 Background: The phase 3 RESORCE trial showed that regorafenib improved overall survival compared to placebo in uHCC patients (pts) who progressed on sorafenib. The characteristics of real-world pts are more diverse than those included in clinical trials. The global observational REFINE study was designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of regorafenib in pts with uHCC in a real-world setting. Methods: REFINE is an ongoing observational study of pts with uHCC who were treated with regorafenib in routine practice. The primary end point includes to assess treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; NCI-CTCAE v4.03). Secondary endpoints include overall survival, progression-free survival, and tumor response. Tumor response and progression are assessed per investigator according to local standard. A planned interim analysis of 1008 pts in the global cohort has been reported (Lim, ILCA 2021). We describe interim results in pts from Taiwan. Results: A total of 137 pts were enrolled and 136 were valid for safety analysis (80% male). At study entry, median age was 65.5 years (Q1-Q3, 60-72); 51.5% pts had an ECOG PS 0 and 24.3% and 12.5% had an ECOG PS of 1 and, respectively (missing 11.8%); proportion of pts classified as Child–Pugh A/B/C were 46.3%/10.3%/0.7% (missing/not evaluable: 40.4%/2.2%). The initial daily regorafenib dose was 160 mg in 8% of pts and 120 mg/80 mg in 9%/78%; 5.1% started at 40 mg. 83.1% pts received regorafenib as a second line agent and 15.4% pts as third line or beyond. 132 pts had prior sorafenib treatment with last daily dose being 400mg in 53.8% of patients; 9 patients (6.6%) had received an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The most frequent TEAEs are shown (Table). Effectiveness results will be presented. Conclusions: The characteristics of real-world pts from Taiwan not only differ from those in the RESORCE trial but also from the global REFINE cohort, reflecting variation across countries. A higher proportion of patients from Taiwan initiated regorafenib at a lower dose. Clinical trial information: NCT03289273. [Table: see text]
- Published
- 2022
21. Comparison of anatomic and non-anatomic resections for very early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: The importance of surgical resection margin width in non-anatomic resection
- Author
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Tsung Han Yang, Yih Jyh Lin, Che Min Su, and Chung Ching Chou
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Surgical margin ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,medicine.medical_treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Margin (machine learning) ,medicine ,Hepatectomy ,Humans ,Stage (cooking) ,Anatomic resection ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Margins of Excision ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Survival Rate ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Surgery ,Female ,Radiology ,Liver function ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background The superiority of anatomic resection (AR) over non-anatomic resection (NAR) for very early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has remained a topic of debate. Thus, this study aimed to compare the prognosis after AR and NAR for single HCC less than 2 cm in diameter. Methods Consecutive patients with single HCC of diameter less than 2 cm who underwent curative hepatectomy between 1997 and 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Results In total, 159 patients were included in this study. Of these, 52 patients underwent AR (AR group) and 107 patients underwent NAR (NAR group). No significant differences were noted in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between the AR and NAR groups (P = 0.236 and P = 0.363, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that low preoperative platelet count and presence of satellite nodules were independent prognostic factors of RFS and OS. Wide surgical resection margin did not affect RFS (P = 0.692) in the AR group; however, in the NAR group, RFS was found to be higher with surgical resection margin widths ≥1 cm than with surgical resection margin widths Conclusions Prognosis was comparable between the NAR and AR groups for very early-stage HCC with well-preserved liver function. For better oncologic outcomes, surgeons should endeavor in keeping the surgical resection margin widths during NAR ≥1 cm.
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- 2020
22. Treatment patterns and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States and Taiwan
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Yih Jyh Lin, Sylvia H. Hsu, Cary P. Gross, Jung-Der Wang, Chia-Ni Lin, Tannaz Sedghi, and Shi-Yi Wang
- Subjects
Male ,Cirrhosis ,Cancer Treatment ,Social Sciences ,Gastroenterology ,Cohort Studies ,Geographical Locations ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Stage (cooking) ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,Liver Diseases ,Liver Neoplasms ,Survival Rate ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Female ,Cohort study ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Asia ,Science ,Political Science ,Taiwan ,Public Policy ,Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,Stage ii ,Medicare ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Internal medicine ,Gastrointestinal Tumors ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Cancer Detection and Diagnosis ,Humans ,Survival rate ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,business.industry ,Cancers and Neoplasms ,Hepatocellular Carcinoma ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,United States ,People and Places ,business - Abstract
BackgroundSurvival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is lower in the USA than in Taiwan. Little is known about the extent to which differences in stage at diagnosis and treatment contribute to this difference. We examined treatment patterns and survival in HCC and analyzed factors driving the difference.MethodsUsing a uniform methodology, we identified patients aged 66 years and older with newly diagnosed HCC between 2004 and 2011 in the USA and Taiwan. We compared treatment within 6 months after HCC diagnosis and 2-year stage-specific survival between the two countries.ResultsCompared with patients in Taiwan (n = 32,987), patients in the USA (n = 7,003) were less likely to be diagnosed as stage IA (4% vs 8%) and II (13% vs 22%), or receive cancer-directed treatments (41% vs 58%; all p < .001). Stage-specific 2-year survival rates were lower in the USA than in Taiwan (stage IA: 57% vs 77%; stage IB: 38% vs 63%; stage II: 40% vs 57%, stage III: 14% vs 18%; stage IV: 4% vs 5%, respectively; all p < .001 except p = .018 for stage IV). Differences in age and sex (combined), stage, and receipt of treatment accounted for 3.8%, 17.0%, and 16.8% of the survival difference, respectively, leaving 62.5% unexplained.ConclusionsDifferential stage at diagnosis and treatment were substantially associated with the survival difference, but approximately two-thirds of the difference remained unexplained. Identifying the main drivers of the difference could help improve HCC survival in the USA.
- Published
- 2020
23. Cancer-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β Modulates Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Ampullary Cancer
- Author
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Li-Chin, Cheng, Ying-Jui, Chao, Chih-Yang, Wang, Nam Nhut, Phan, Yi-Ling, Chen, Tzu-Wen, Wang, Hui-Ping, Hsu, Yih-Jyh, Lin, Yan-Shen, Shan, and Ming-Derg, Lai
- Subjects
tumor-associated macrophages ,transforming growth factor-beta ,ampullary cancer ,bioinformatics ,Original Research - Abstract
Purpose Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) originate from monocytes and differentiate into mature macrophages. The interaction between cancer cells and TAMs promotes tumor growth and suppresses immunosurveillance. However, this phenomenon has seldom been observed in ampullary cancer. Patients and Methods TAMs in ampullary cancer were investigated using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of cancer tissues. Bioinformatic analysis of data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database revealed transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling in ampullary cancer. The complementary DNA microarray of cancer was compared with adjacent normal duodenum and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum was used to verify TGF-β signaling in patients. The THP-1 cell line was activated in vitro to imitate M2 TAMs. ClueGo and CluePedia software were operated to simulate TGF-β-related networks in ampullary cancer. Results The IHC study revealed that the majority of TAMs inside ampullary cancer were cluster of differentiation (CD)163+ cells and that the expression of mature CD68+ macrophages was correlated with advanced cancer stage. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TGF-β and its downstream signaling were significantly upregulated. To verify our bioinformatics-derived predictions, we performed several experiments and demonstrated that increased TGF-β expression was detected in the cDNA microarray. Higher serum levels of TGF-β were correlated with fewer CD68+ and more inducible nitric oxide synthase macrophages in ampullary cancer. Treatment with TGF-β induced modulation of THP-1-derived macrophages. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that TGF-β modulates macrophage activity in ampullary cancer. Targeting TGF-β could be an approach to activating immunosurveillance.
- Published
- 2020
24. Combined Transarterial Embolization/Chemoembolization-Based Locoregional Treatment with Sorafenib Prolongs the Survival in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Preserved Liver Function: A Propensity Score Matching Study
- Author
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Hong Chi Chiu, Yih Jyh Lin, Shih Chieh Chien, Yi Shan Liu, Chiung Yu Chen, Yen-Cheng Chiu, Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, Ting-Tsung Chang, Hsiu Chi Cheng, and Pin-Nan Cheng
- Subjects
Sorafenib ,Original Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Standard treatment ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,digestive system diseases ,BCLC Stage ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Internal medicine ,Adjunctive treatment ,medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Liver function ,Stage (cooking) ,Liver cancer ,business ,neoplasms ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Sorafenib is the standard treatment for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the treatment outcome is not satisfactory. We retrospectively analyzed whether adding transarterial embolization/chemoembolization (TA(C)E)-based locoregional therapy to sorafenib can further improve treatment efficacy. Patients and Methods: We included 147 BCLC stage C HCC patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A liver function and treated with sorafenib for analysis. Through propensity score matching, we divided patients into the combined treatment group (n = 63; patients received TA(C)E-based locoregional treatment and sorafenib) and the sorafenib monotherapy group (n = 63). We analyzed the effects of patients’ clinical and tumor-related factors on their overall survival (OS) and time to tumor progression. Results: The OS was better in the combined treatment group than in the sorafenib monotherapy group (419 vs. 223 days, p = 0.028). In the Cox regression model, combined treatment, a lower baseline α-fetoprotein (AFP) level < 400 ng/mL, tumors without main portal venous tumorous thrombosis, and age ≥60 years were identified as independent factors for OS. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with a higher baseline AFP level > 400 ng/mL, age < 60 years, tumors with branched portal venous tumorous thrombosis only or without extrahepatic metastasis benefited the most from combined treatment. Conclusion: Combining TA(C)E-based locoregional treatment with sorafenib resulted in better OS in patients with BCLC stage C HCC compared with sorafenib alone. TA(C)E-based locoregional treatment can be an adjunctive treatment to sorafenib for patients with advanced HCC and a satisfactory liver functional reserve.
- Published
- 2018
25. Liver regeneration accelerates hepatitis B virus‐related tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
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Chiao Fang Teng, Wen Chuan Hsieh, Hong Yi Chang, Yih Jyh Lin, Yu Hao Kuo, Ih-Jen Su, and Hung Wen Tsai
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Hepatitis B virus ,Cancer Research ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Carcinogenesis ,Mice, Transgenic ,Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ,SMAD ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Models, Biological ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Hepatectomy ,STAT3 ,Research Articles ,Liver Neoplasms ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,General Medicine ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Liver regeneration ,partial hepatectomy ,Liver Regeneration ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,HBx ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Disease Progression ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Hepatocyte growth factor ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction ,Transcription Factors ,Transforming growth factor ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Although partial hepatectomy (PH) to remove tumors provides a potential cure of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), long‐term survival of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC patients after PH remains a big challenge. Early recurrence within 2 years post‐PH is associated with the dissemination of primary HCC. However, late recurrence after 2 years post‐PH is supposed due to the de novo or a secondary tumor. Since PH initiates liver regeneration (LR), we hypothesize that LR may accelerate tumorigenesis through activation of pre‐existing precancerous lesions in the remaining liver. In this study, we explored the potential role of several LR‐related factors in the de novo recurrence in a HBV X protein (HBx) transgenic mouse model receiving PH to mimic human HCC development. Following PH, we observed that tumor development was significantly accelerated from 16.9 to 10.4 months in HBx transgenic mice. The expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family proteins was remarkably suppressed in livers of HBx transgenic relative to non‐transgenic mice from early to late stages after PH as compared with non‐PH mice. The expression of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad pathway, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Myc, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and β‐Catenin also showed a significant difference between livers of HBx transgenic and non‐transgenic mice at variable time points after PH in comparison with non‐PH mice. Taken together, our results provide an explanation for the high de novo recurrence of HBV‐related HCC after PH, probably through induction of the sequential changes of LR‐related SOCS family proteins, growth factors, and transcription factors, which may promote growth on the precancerous remnant liver.
- Published
- 2018
26. Mutant KRAS promotes liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, in part, by upregulating the MEK-Sp1-DNMT1-miR-137-YB-1-IGF-IR signaling pathway
- Author
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Po-Chen Chu, Jeng Chang Lee, Yih Jyh Lin, Kuen Tyng Lin, Chen Ching-Shih, Peng Chan Lin, Christina Wu, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Chung Ta Lee, and Hsing Yu Wu
- Subjects
DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 ,0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Sp1 Transcription Factor ,Colorectal cancer ,MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ,Mice, Nude ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Metastasis ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Proliferation ,Regulation of gene expression ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Gene knockdown ,MEK inhibitor ,Liver Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,digestive system diseases ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,MicroRNAs ,mir-137 ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Mutation ,Cancer research ,Female ,Y-Box-Binding Protein 1 ,KRAS ,Signal transduction ,Colorectal Neoplasms - Abstract
Although the role of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) in promoting colorectal liver metastasis is known, the mechanism by which IGF-IR is upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not defined. In this study, we obtained evidence that mutant KRAS transcriptionally activates IGF-IR gene expression through Y-box-binding protein (YB)-1 upregulation via a novel MEK-Sp1-DNMT1-miR-137 pathway in CRC cells. The mechanistic link between the tumor suppressive miR-137 and the translational regulation of YB-1 is intriguing because epigenetic silencing of miR-137 represents an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis due to promoter hypermethylation. This proposed signaling axis was further verified by the immunohistochemical evaluations of liver metastases from a cohort of 46 KRAS mutant CRC patients, which showed a significant correlation in the expression levels among Sp1, miR-137, YB-1, and IGF-1R. Moreover, suppression of the expression of YB-1 and IGF-IR via genetic knockdown or the pharmacological inhibition of MEK hampers KRAS-driven colorectal liver metastasis in our animal model studies. From a translational perspective, the identification of this KRAS-driven pathway might provide a mechanistic rationale for the use of a MEK inhibitor as an adjuvant, in combination with standard of care, to prevent the recurrence of colorectal liver metastasis in KRAS mutant CRC patients after receiving liver resection, which warrants further investigation.
- Published
- 2018
27. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 as a potential prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
- Author
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Nan Haw Chow, Ting-Tsung Chang, Pin-Nan Cheng, Chou Cheng Chen, Jou Chun Lin, Yih Jyh Lin, Hung Wen Tsai, Cheng-Hsun Ho, Chia Jui Yen, Shu Wen Cheng, Yi Wen Wang, Po Min Chiang, Chung Liang Ho, Shu Hui Chen, and Shih Huang Chan
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Proliferation ,Down-Regulation ,Clinical Practice Study ,Disease-Free Survival ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,Progesterone receptor ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Prognostic biomarker ,Cell Proliferation ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Gastroenterology ,Membrane Proteins ,Cell Differentiation ,Hep G2 Cells ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,030104 developmental biology ,Membrane ,Liver ,Receptors, Estrogen ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Female ,Hormonal receptor ,Receptors, Progesterone ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinicopathological significance of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) and PGRMC2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We performed immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), PGRMC1, and PGRMC2 in a clinical cohort consisting of 89 paired HCC and non-tumor liver samples. We also analyzed HCC data (n = 373) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We correlated the expression status of PGRMC1 and PGRMC2 with clinicopathological indicators and the clinical outcomes of the HCC patients. We knocked down or overexpressed PGRMC1 in HCC cell lines to evaluate its biological significance in HCC cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion. RESULTS We found that few HCC cases expressed ER (5.6%) and PR (4.5%). In contrast, most HCC cases expressed PGRMC1 (89.9%) and PGRMC2 (100%). PGRMC1 and PGRMC2 exhibited significantly lower expression in tumor tissue than in non-tumor tissue (P < 0.001). Lower PGRMC1 expression in HCC was significantly associated with higher serum alpha-fetoprotein expression (P = 0.004), poorer tumor differentiation (P = 0.045) and liver capsule penetration (P = 0.038). Low PGRMC1 expression was an independent predictor for worse disease-free survival (P = 0.002, HR = 2.384, CI: 1.377-4.128) in our cases, as well as in the TCGA cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 2.857, CI: 1.781-4.584). The expression of PGRMC2 did not relate to patient outcome. PGRMC1 knockdown promoted a poorly differentiated phenotype and proliferation of HCC cells in vitro, while PGRMC1 overexpression caused the opposite effects. CONCLUSION PGRMC1 is a non-classical hormonal receptor that negatively regulates hepatocarcinogenesis. PGRMC1 down-regulation is associated with progression of HCC and is a poor prognostic indicator.
- Published
- 2018
28. CPAP promotes angiogenesis via interacting with and enhancing the activity of STAT3 in HCC
- Author
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Chia Jui Yen, Yao-Wen Liu, Yih Jyh Lin, Liang Yi Hung, and Ruo-Yu Chen
- Subjects
biology ,business.industry ,Angiogenesis ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,STAT3 ,business - Published
- 2018
29. Detection of CTNNB1 Hotspot Mutations in Cell-Free DNA from the Urine of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
- Author
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Ying-Hsiu Su, Surbhi Jain, Yih Jyh Lin, Jamin D. Steffen, Wei Song, Sitong Chen, Ting-Tsung Chang, and Selena Y. Lin
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,recurrence ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Urine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gastroenterology ,cell-free DNA ,Exon ,R5-920 ,Internal medicine ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Gene ,Mutation ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,beta-catenin ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,Amplicon ,medicine.disease ,urine ,digestive system diseases ,Cell-free fetal DNA ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,mutation ,business - Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The beta-catenin gene, CTNNB1, is among the most frequently mutated in HCC tissues. However, mutational analysis of HCC tumors is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining tissue samples using traditional biopsy. Here, we explored the feasibility of detecting tumor-derived CTNNB1 mutations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from the urine of HCC patients. Using a short amplicon qPCR assay targeting HCC mutational hotspot CTNNB1 codons 32–37 (exon 3), we detected CTNNB1 mutations in 25% (18/73) of HCC tissues and 24% (15/62) of pre-operative HCC urine samples in two independent cohorts. Among the CTNNB1-mutation-positive patients with available matched pre- and post-operative urine (n = 13), nine showed apparent elimination (n = 7) or severalfold reduction (n = 2) of the mutation in urine following tumor resection. Four of the seven patients with no detectable mutations in postoperative urine remained recurrence-free within five years after surgery. In contrast, all six patients with mutation-positive in post-operative urine recurred, including the two with reduced mutation levels. This is the first report of association between the presence of CTNNB1 mutations in pre- and post-operative urine cfDNA and HCC recurrence with implications for minimum residual disease detection.
- Published
- 2021
30. Abstract 545: Detection of liver-derived hepatitis B virus-host junction sequences in urine of hepatitis B infected patients for noninvasive disease monitoring
- Author
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Grace Park, Yu-Lan Kao, Hie-Won Hann, Selena Y. Lin, Ying-Hsiu Su, Yih Jyh Lin, Yixiao Cui, Robin Su, Wei Song, and Ting-Tsung Chang
- Subjects
Hepatitis ,Hepatitis B virus ,Cancer Research ,Cirrhosis ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,Cancer ,Urine ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,digestive system diseases ,Oncology ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Medicine ,Liquid biopsy ,business - Abstract
Integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA detected in more than 85% of HBV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) can cause insertional mutagenesis, chromosomal instability, sustained viral protein expression, and/or immune-mediated inflammation leading to HCC carcinogenesis. An opportunistic outcome of HBV DNA integration events, which occur randomly into the host genome, is the creation of a unique HBV-host junction sequence (HBV-JS) in individually infected hepatocytes representing a specific molecular signature of that cell. A noninvasive approach to detect HBV-JS's will enable frequent monitoring and aid in assessing HBV treatment efficacy and HCC disease progression. Here, we assessed the feasibility of detecting HBV-JS's in urine of HBV-infected patients as a proof-of-concept for utilizing urine as a noninvasive HBV-JS liquid biopsy for HBV-related disease monitoring. Utilizing an in-house developed HBV primer extension capture (PEC) NGS assay, we assessed early-stage HBV-patient tumor tissue and matched urine (n=8). Five of 8 urine samples contained detectable HCC tissue-derived HBV-JS's, including a TERT junction sequence. Next, we assessed 32 urine specimens collected from 28 HBV-infected patients including hepatitis (n=5), cirrhosis (n=11), HCC (n=4), and post-HCC (n=8). Interestingly, all urine samples contained HBV-JS sequences with 30 of 32 urines containing integrations in gene-coding regions. Of 351 unique HBV-JS in gene-coding regions identified in urine, 11 HBV-JS's have also been previously reported in tissue of HCC patients, including TERT. All eleven HBV-JS's were identified in cirrhosis or HCC patient cohorts. Furthermore, the distribution of urinary integrated HBV DNA in the HBV genome in all disease categories was found predominantly clustered in HBV DR1-2 (>70%), an integration hotspot, consistent with findings in tissue. Altogether this support the potential of urine as a noninvasive HBV-JS liquid biopsy to monitor HBV-infected patients for disease progression and treatment efficacy. Citation Format: Selena Lin, Yu-lan Kao, Robin Su, Ting-Tsung Chang, Yih-Jyh Lin, Yixiao Cui, Hie-Won Hann, Grace Park, Wei Song, Ying-Hsiu Su. Detection of liver-derived hepatitis B virus-host junction sequences in urine of hepatitis B infected patients for noninvasive disease monitoring [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 545.
- Published
- 2021
31. Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated single-nucleotide variants and deletions identified by the use of genome-wide high-throughput analysis of hepatitis B virus
- Author
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Yen-Chien Lee, Jui-Chu Yang, Yih Jyh Lin, Cheng-Hsun Ho, Chih-Peng Lin, Wen-Chun Liu, Pin-Nan Cheng, Chia Jui Yen, Koun-Tem Sun, Pei-Fu Li, Yi-Ting Cheng, Shu-Ling Yan, Ji-Hong Cheng, Ting-Tsung Chang, Jaw Ching Wu, I-Chin Wu, Jia-Jhen Lin, Bill C.H. Chang, Vincent S. Tseng, Kung Chao Chang, and Pei-Wen Cheng
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Genetics ,Hepatitis B virus ,Microarray ,Odds ratio ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Genome ,digestive system diseases ,DNA sequencing ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Genotype ,medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,neoplasms ,Polymerase chain reaction - Abstract
This study investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and deletion mutations linked with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ninety-three HCC patients and 108 non-HCC patients were enrolled for HBV genome-wide next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. A systematic literature review and a meta-analysis were performed to validate NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs and deletions. The experimental results identified 60 NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs, including 41 novel SNVs, and their pathogenic frequencies. Each SNV was specific for either genotype B (n = 24) or genotype C (n = 34), except for nt53C, which was present in both genotypes. The pathogenic frequencies of these HCC-associated SNVs showed a distinct U-shaped distribution pattern. According to the meta-analysis and literature review, 167 HBV variants from 109 publications were categorized into four levels (A-D) of supporting evidence that they are associated with HCC. The proportion of NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs among these HBV variants declined significantly from 75% of 12 HCC-associated variants by meta-analysis (Level A) to 0% of 10 HCC-unassociated variants by meta-analysis (Level D) (P < 0.0001). PreS deletions were significantly associated with HCC, in terms of deletion index, for both genotypes B (P = 0.030) and C (P = 0.049). For genotype C, preS deletions involving a specific fragment (nt2977-3013) were significantly associated with HCC (HCC versus non-HCC, 6/34 versus 0/32, P = 0.025). Meta-analysis of preS deletions showed significant association with HCC (summary odds ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 2.3-3.9). Transfection of Huh7 cells showed that all of the five novel NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs in the small surface region influenced hepatocarcinogenesis pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum-stress and DNA repair systems, as shown by microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Their carcinogenic mechanisms are worthy of further research. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2017
32. Radiotherapy for inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
- Author
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Yih Jyh Lin, Wei Ting Hsueh, Wei Lun Chang, Nai Jung Chiang, Yi Sheng Liu, Forn Chia Lin, and Tzu Hui Pao
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surgical oncology ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,Aged, 80 and over ,Venous Thrombosis ,Liver Neoplasms ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Radiation therapy ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,medicine.vein ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,Radiology ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Combination therapy ,Vena Cava, Inferior ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Inferior vena cava ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Thrombus ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Inferior vena cava thrombus ,Lung ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,030104 developmental biology ,Multivariate Analysis ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Rare disease - Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with inferior vena cava (IVC) involvement is a rare disease with poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of HCC patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) to IVC tumor thrombus. Methods A total of 42 consecutive HCC patients treated with RT to IVC tumor thrombus between September 2007 and October 2018 were enrolled. Overall survival (OS), the response of IVC thrombus, prognostic factors and failure pattern were assessed. Results The median follow-up time was 4.4 months. The median RT equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions was 48.75 Gy (range, 3.25–67.10). The objective response rate of IVC thrombus was 47.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.3–64.3%). The OS rate at 1 year was 30.0%, with a median OS of 6.6 months (95% CI, 3.7–9.5) from the start of RT. On multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh class, lymph node metastasis, lung metastasis and objective response of IVC thrombus were independent predictors for OS. Lung was the most common site of first progression in 14 (33.3%) patients. For 32 patients without lung metastasis before RT, use of systemic treatment concurrent with and/or after RT was associated with a significantly longer lung metastasis-free survival (5.9 vs. 1.5 months, p = 0.0033). Conclusions RT is effective for IVC tumor thrombus of HCC with acceptable adverse effects. RT might be a treatment option incorporated into combination therapy for HCC involving IVC.
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- 2019
33. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) enhances centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) expression to promote hepatocarcinogenesis
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Shiang Jie Yang, Kazuaki Chayama, Yih Jyh Lin, Ruo Yu Chen, Shu Ting Yang, Ju Ming Wang, Hong Sheng Lai, Wenya Huang, Liang Yi Hung, Ming Hao Lee, Chia Jui Yen, Hsin Yi Yen, and Yu Wei Hsiao
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Carcinogenesis ,viruses ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,lcsh:Medicine ,Mice, SCID ,NF-κB ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mice, Inbred NOD ,Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins ,Pharmacology (medical) ,biology ,Liver Neoplasms ,General Medicine ,HBx ,Cytokine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Microtubule-Associated Proteins ,therapeutics ,Hepatocarcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Immunoprecipitation ,CREB ,03 medical and health sciences ,CPAP ,medicine ,Animals ,Clonogenic assay ,Molecular Biology ,Inflammation ,Reporter gene ,Cell growth ,Research ,lcsh:R ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Cell Biology ,digestive system diseases ,nervous system diseases ,respiratory tract diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Trans-Activators ,Cancer research ,biology.protein - Abstract
Background Our previous report suggested that centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) is required for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encoded non-structure protein X (HBx)-mediated nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation. CPAP is overexpressed in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the interaction between CPAP and HBx in HBV-HCC remains unclear. Methods The mRNA expression of CPAP and HBx was analyzed by quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR). NF-κB transcriptional activity and CPAP promoter activity were determined using a reporter assay in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. Immunoprecipitation (IP) and in situ proximal ligation assay (PLA) were performed to detect the interaction between CPAP and HBx. Chromatin-IP was used to detect the association of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and HBx with the CPAP promoter. Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit CCK-8, Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine, BrdU) incorporation, and clonogenic assays. The tumorigenic effects of CPAP were determined using xenograft animal models. Results HBx can transcriptionally up-regulate CPAP via interacting with CREB. Overexpressed CPAP directly interacted with HBx to promote HBx-mediated cell proliferation and migration; SUMO modification of CPAP was involved in interacting with HBx. Knocked-down expression of CPAP decreased the HBx-mediated tumorigenic effects, including cytokines secretion. Interestingly, overexpressed CPAP maintained the HBx protein stability in an NF-κB-dependent manner; and the expression levels of CPAP and HBx were positively correlated with the activation status of NF-κB in HCC. Increased expression of CPAP and CREB mRNAs existed in the high-risk group with a lower survival rate in HBV-HCC. Conclusion The interaction between CPAP and HBx can provide a microenvironment to facilitate HCC development via enhancing NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokine production, and cancer malignancies. This study not only sheds light on the role of CPAP in HBV-associated HCC, but also provides CPAP as a potential target for blocking the hyper-activated NF-κB in HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-019-0534-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2019
34. Additional file 2: of Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) enhances centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) expression to promote hepatocarcinogenesis
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Chia-Jui Yen, Yang, Shu-Ting, Chen, Ruo-Yu, Wenya Huang, Chayama, Kazuaki, Lee, Ming-Hao, Shiang-Jie Yang, Lai, Hong-Sheng, Hsin-Yi Yen, Hsiao, Yu-Wei, Ju-Ming Wang, Yih-Jyh Lin, and Liang-Yi Hung
- Subjects
therapeutics ,digestive system diseases ,circulatory and respiratory physiology ,nervous system diseases ,respiratory tract diseases - Abstract
Figure S1. HBx increases CPAP promoter activity in HCC cell lines. Figure S2. Expression of CPAP is increased in HBV genome-expressing HCC cells. Figure S3. The CREB binding site is crucial for CPAP promoter activity. Figure S4. CREB is essential for HBx-mediated CPAP promoter activity. Figure S5. Evaluation of CPAP promoter activity in shCREB transfected Hep3B cells. Figure S6. CPAP is involved in HBx-induced transcriptional activation of NF-κB. Figure S7. The interaction between CPAP and HBx is increased upon TNF-α treatment. Figure S8. CPAP promotes proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity of HCC. Figure S9. NF-κB/p65 is essential for CPAP-mediated colony formation of HCC cells. Figure S10. Overexpression of CPAP/WT significantly increased tumor growth in a xenograft animal model. Figure S11. CPAP increases TNF-α-mediated HBx protein stabilization. Figure S12. The clinical outcome of overexpressed CPAP, HBx and activated NF-κB (p65) in HCC. Figure S13. Co-overexpression of CPAP and CREB is positively correlated with a poor disease-free survival rate in HBx-positive HCC. (PDF 1009 kb)
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- 2019
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35. Cost effectiveness of cancer treatment in Taiwan
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Jung-Der Wang, M.C. Hung, Wu Chou Su, Ya Min Cheng, Helen H.W. Chen, Jenn Ren Hsiao, Yan Shen Shan, Jenq Chang Lee, Wu Wei Lai, and Yih Jyh Lin
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Adult ,Male ,lifetime survival function ,Cost effectiveness ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Taiwan ,Disease ,Gross domestic product ,semiparametric method ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,healthcare expenditure ,Quality of life ,Neoplasms ,Health care ,Per capita ,Medicine ,Humans ,cancer ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Registries ,health care economics and organizations ,Aged ,Mechanical ventilation ,Aged, 80 and over ,cost per quality-adjusted life year ,Medicine(all) ,lcsh:R5-920 ,cost effectiveness ,business.industry ,Cancer ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Respiration, Artificial ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Quality of Life ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,Medical emergency ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,Health Expenditures ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Demography - Abstract
Background/Purpose This study aims to examine the cost effectiveness of treating major cancers compared with other major illnesses in Taiwan. Methods We collected data on 395,330 patients with cancer, 125,277 patients with end-stage renal disease, and 50,481 patients under prolonged mechanical ventilation during 1998–2007. They were followed for 10–13 years to estimate lifetime survival functions using a semiparametric method. EuroQol five-dimension was used to measure the quality of life for 6189 cancer patients and 1401 patients with other illnesses. The mean utility values and healthcare costs reimbursed by the National Health Insurance were multiplied with the corresponding survival probabilities to estimate quality-adjusted life expectancies and lifetime costs, respectively. Data of 22,344 cancer patients under hospice care (considered as a comparison group) were used to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by assuming patients without treatment survived for 2 years with a quality of life value of 0.5. Results The costs of care for patients under prolonged mechanical ventilation and those with end-stage renal disease were US$41,780–53,708 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and US$18,222–18,465 per QALY, respectively, which are equivalent to 2.17–2.79 gross domestic product (GDP) per capita per QALY and 1.18–1.25 GDP per capita per QALY. The costs of care for the nine different cancers were less than 1 GDP per capita per QALY, with those of lung, esophagus, and liver cancers being the highest. Sensitivity analysis showed the same conclusion. Lifetime risks of six out of nine cancer sites show an increased trend. Conclusion Cancer care in Taiwan seemed cost effective compared with that of other illnesses, but prevention is necessary to make the National Health Insurance more sustainable.
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- 2016
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36. Resistance of ground glass hepatocytes to oral antivirals in chronic hepatitis B patients and implication for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
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Yih Jyh Lin, Hung Wen Tsai, I-Chin Wu, Ih-Jen Su, Pin-Nan Cheng, Ting-Tsung Chang, Chia Jui Yen, Han Chieh Wu, Shih Huang Chan, and Wenya Huang
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,Necrosis ,Biopsy ,Administration, Oral ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gastroenterology ,0302 clinical medicine ,ground glass hepatocytes ,Medicine ,Sequence Deletion ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Liver Neoplasms ,Fatty liver ,Lamivudine ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,cccDNA ,Middle Aged ,Viral Load ,Liver ,Oncology ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,DNA, Circular ,medicine.symptom ,Viral load ,Research Paper ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,Hepatitis B virus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Guanine ,Adolescent ,Organophosphonates ,Antiviral Agents ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hepatitis B, Chronic ,Internal medicine ,Drug Resistance, Viral ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Protein Precursors ,Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ,anti-viral therapy ,business.industry ,Adenine ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Fatty Liver ,030104 developmental biology ,Hepatocytes ,pre-S mutation ,business - Abstract
Ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs) have been shown to predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Type I GGH and type II GGH harbor hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S1 and pre-S2 deletion mutants, respectively. Whether anti-HBV therapy can inhibit the expression of GGHs and potentially reduce HCC development is explored in this study. Two sets of liver specimens were included: the first contained 31 paired biopsy specimens obtained from chronic HBV patients receiving oral nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment; the second contained 186 resected liver tissues obtained from HBV-related HCC patients receiving surgery: 82 received NA before surgery and 104 did not. Compared with the baseline biopsy specimens, type I (P=0.527) and type II GGH (P=0.077) were not significantly decreased after 48 weeks of NA treatment in the first set of patients. In the second set, despite suppression of viral load (P
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- 2016
37. Therapeutics targeting CD90-integrin-AMPK-CD133 signal axis in liver cancer
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Tzu Yang Weng, Ching-Shih Chen, Hau Lun Huang, Yih Jyh Lin, Chih Yang Wang, Chien Yu Cho, Ming Derg Lai, Po-Ting Lai, Hui Ping Hsu, Wei Ching Chen, Yung Sheng Chang, and Meng-Chi Yen
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AMPK ,Male ,Integrins ,Carcinogenesis ,Mice, SCID ,AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ,medicine.disease_cause ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,OSU-CG5 ,Mice ,Mice, Inbred NOD ,AC133 Antigen ,Molecular Targeted Therapy ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Liver Neoplasms ,Flow Cytometry ,Oncology ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,embryonic structures ,mTOR ,Liver cancer ,Research Paper ,Signal Transduction ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,integrin ,Blotting, Western ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Transfection ,Antigens, CD ,Cancer stem cell ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,cancer stem cell marker ,Cell Proliferation ,Glycoproteins ,business.industry ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Molecular biology ,Tumor progression ,Cancer research ,Thy-1 Antigens ,Thiazolidinediones ,Ectopic expression ,Peptides ,business - Abstract
CD90 is used as a marker for cancer stem cell in liver cancer. We aimed to study the mechanism by which CD90 promoted liver cancer progression and identify the new therapeutic targets on CD90 signal pathway. Ectopic expression of CD90 in liver cancer cell lines enhanced anchorage-independent growth and tumor progression. Furthermore, CD90 promoted sphere formation in vitro and upregulated the expression of the cancer stem cell marker CD133. The CD133 expression was higher in CD45-CD90+ cells in liver cancer specimen. The natural carcinogenic molecules TGF-β-1, HGF, and hepatitis B surface antigen increased the expression of CD90 and CD133. Inhibition of CD90 by either shRNA or antibody attenuated the induction of CD133 and anchorage-independent growth. Lentiviral delivery of CD133 shRNA abolished the tumorigenicity induced by CD90. Ectopic expression of CD90 induced mTOR phosphorylation and AMPK dephosphorylation. Mutation of integrin binding-RLD domain in CD90 attenuated the induction of CD133 and anchorage-independent growth. Similar results were observed after silencing β3 integrin. Signaling analyses revealed that AMPK/mTOR and β3 integrin were required for the induction of CD133 and tumor formation by CD90. Importantly, the energy restriction mimetic agent OSU-CG5 reduced the CD90 population in fresh liver tumor sample and repressed the tumor growth. In contrast, sorafenib did not decrease the CD90+ population. In conclusion, the signal axis of CD90-integrin-mTOR/AMPK-CD133 is critical for promoting liver carcinogenesis. Molecules inhibiting the signal axis, including OSU-CG5 and other inhibitors, may serve as potential novel cancer therapeutic targets in liver cancer.
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- 2015
38. HBx enhances CPAP expression via interacting with CREB to promote hepatocarcinogenesis in HBV-associated HCC
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Ming-Hao Lee, Yih Jyh Lin, Wenya Huang, Kazuaki Chayama, Liang Yi Hung, Chia Jui Yen, Shiang-Jie Yang, Ju Ming Wang, Shu-Ting Yang, Yu-Wei Hsiao, and Ruo-Yu Chen
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Hepatitis B virus ,biology ,Cell growth ,viruses ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cancer ,CREB ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,nervous system diseases ,respiratory tract diseases ,HBx ,Cytokine ,Gene expression ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,therapeutics ,Transcription factor - Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encoded non-structure protein X (HBx) can promote cell proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis via activating several transcription factors and increasing their downstream gene expression in HBV-infected liver cells. Our previous report suggested that centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) is required for HBx-mediated NF-κB activation. Here, we found that, upon HBV infection, overexpressed HBx can transcriptionally up-regulateCPAPvia interacting with CREB. CPAP can directly interact with HBx to promote HBx-mediated cell proliferation and migration; and SUMO modification of CPAP is involved in interacting with HBx. Interestingly, CPAP can increase the HBx protein stability in an NF-κB-dependent manner; and overexpressed CPAP and HBx is positively correlated with the activation status of NF-κB in HCC. Increased expression ofCREBandCPAPmRNAs exists in the high-risk group with a lower survival rate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These results suggest that the reciprocal regulation between CPAP and HBx may provide a microenvironment to facilitate HCC development via enhancing NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokine production, and cancer maligancies. The findings of this study not only shed light on the role of CPAP in HBV-associated HCC, but also provide CPAP as a potential target for HBV-related HCC therapy.Author SummaryIn this study, we address a novel molecular mechanism for the collaboration between overexpressed HBx and CPAP in promoting hepatocarcinogenesis in HBV-associated HCC. Upon HBV infection, HBx is overexpressed and interacts with CREB to transcriptionally activate CPAP; the HBx/CPAP interaction promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. Clinical analysis found that co-overexpressed CPAP and CREB exist in the high-risk group with a lower survival rate in HCC. Additionally, overexpressed CPAP contributes to HBx protein stability in a NF-κB-dependent pathway. Our study provides a potential translational application in targeting CREB-CPAP axis in HBV-associated HCC.
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- 2018
39. IL-20 and IL-20R1 antibodies protect against liver fibrosis
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Chi Chen Wei, Ming-Shi Chang, Yu Hsiang Hsu, Yi Shu Chiu, and Yih Jyh Lin
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Liver injury ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Cirrhosis ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fibrosis ,Internal medicine ,Hepatocyte ,medicine ,Hepatic stellate cell ,Cancer research ,GDF15 ,business - Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-20 is a proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-10 family and involved in rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, stroke, and osteoporosis. However, the pathophysiological roles of IL-20 in liver injury have not been extensively studied. We explored the involvement of IL-20 in liver injury and the therapeutic potential of IL-20 antagonists for treating liver fibrosis. Compared with normal liver tissue from healthy individuals, the amount of IL-20 was much higher in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells in liver biopsies from patients with fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment induced IL-20 that further up-regulated the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 and p21 WAF1 and resulted in cell cycle arrest in the Clone-9 rat hepatocyte cell line. IL-20 activated quiescent rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and up-regulated TGF-b1 expression. IL-20 also increased TGF-b1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, and type I collagen (Col-I) expression, and promoted the proliferation and migration of activated HSCs. Serum IL-20 was significantly elevated in mice with short-term and long-term CCl4-induced liver injury. In mice with short-term liver injury, anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody (7E) and anti-IL-20 receptor (IL-20R1) monoclonal antibody (51D) attenuated hepatocyte damage caused by CCl4, TGF-b1, and chemokine production. In mice with long-term liver injury, 7E and 51D inhibited CCl4-induced cell damage, TGF-b1 production, liver fibrosis, HSC activation, and extracellular matrix accumulation, which was caused by the reduced expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as well as increased metalloproteinase expression and Col-I production. IL-20R1-deficient mice were protected from short-term and longterm liver injury. Conclusion: We identified a pivotal role of IL-20 in liver injury and showed that 7E and 51D may be therapeutic for liver fibrosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;00:000-000)
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- 2014
40. Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated single-nucleotide variants and deletions identified by the use of genome-wide high-throughput analysis of hepatitis B virus
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Wen-Chun, Liu, I-Chin, Wu, Yen-Chien, Lee, Chih-Peng, Lin, Ji-Hong, Cheng, Yih-Jyh, Lin, Chia-Jui, Yen, Pin-Nan, Cheng, Pei-Fu, Li, Yi-Ting, Cheng, Pei-Wen, Cheng, Koun-Tem, Sun, Shu-Ling, Yan, Jia-Jhen, Lin, Jui-Chu, Yang, Kung-Chao, Chang, Cheng-Hsun, Ho, Vincent S, Tseng, Bill Chia-Han, Chang, Jaw-Ching, Wu, and Ting-Tsung, Chang
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Hepatitis B virus ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Hepatitis B, Chronic ,DNA Repair ,Liver Neoplasms ,Humans ,Genome, Viral ,Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Gene Deletion ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
This study investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and deletion mutations linked with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ninety-three HCC patients and 108 non-HCC patients were enrolled for HBV genome-wide next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. A systematic literature review and a meta-analysis were performed to validate NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs and deletions. The experimental results identified 60 NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs, including 41 novel SNVs, and their pathogenic frequencies. Each SNV was specific for either genotype B (n = 24) or genotype C (n = 34), except for nt53C, which was present in both genotypes. The pathogenic frequencies of these HCC-associated SNVs showed a distinct U-shaped distribution pattern. According to the meta-analysis and literature review, 167 HBV variants from 109 publications were categorized into four levels (A-D) of supporting evidence that they are associated with HCC. The proportion of NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs among these HBV variants declined significantly from 75% of 12 HCC-associated variants by meta-analysis (Level A) to 0% of 10 HCC-unassociated variants by meta-analysis (Level D) (P0.0001). PreS deletions were significantly associated with HCC, in terms of deletion index, for both genotypes B (P = 0.030) and C (P = 0.049). For genotype C, preS deletions involving a specific fragment (nt2977-3013) were significantly associated with HCC (HCC versus non-HCC, 6/34 versus 0/32, P = 0.025). Meta-analysis of preS deletions showed significant association with HCC (summary odds ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 2.3-3.9). Transfection of Huh7 cells showed that all of the five novel NGS-defined HCC-associated SNVs in the small surface region influenced hepatocarcinogenesis pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum-stress and DNA repair systems, as shown by microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Their carcinogenic mechanisms are worthy of further research. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John WileySons, Ltd.
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- 2016
41. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the tumor environment is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients
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Yih Jyh Lin, Chung Ta Lee, Hsiao Sheng Liu, Jenq Chang Lee, and Peng Chan Lin
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Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Oncogene ,Colorectal cancer ,business.industry ,Cell ,Cancer ,colorectal cancer ,Articles ,COX-2 ,Cell cycle ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Molecular medicine ,tumorigenesis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,medicine ,Immunohistochemistry ,Carcinogenesis ,business - Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly accompanied by the overexpression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene, with high levels being most common in early colorectal lesions. In the present study, we hypothesized that the expression of COX-2 in normal mucosa affects the expression of COX-2 in adjacent tumors. COX-2 protein expression levels were determined in tumor tissues and the adjacent normal mucosa of 49 paired clinical CRC specimens using western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The majority of specimens exhibited an extremely low level of COX-2 expression in the tumor tissue and a markedly higher expression level in the adjacent normal tissue, however, high COX-2 expression in the tumor was shown to correlate with a high recurrence rate and poor overall survival. Of the nine CRC cell lines, HT29 showed consistently higher levels of COX-2 expression. Therefore, COX-2 expression in the normal tissue adjacent to the tumor may be involved in the tumorigenesis of CRC. These observations are likely to be useful in determining the significance of COX-2 expression in the tumorigenesis of CRC.
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- 2013
42. SUMOylated CPAP is required for IKK-mediated NF-κB activation and enhances HBx-induced NF-κB signaling in HCC
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Chien Hsien Lai, Tang K. Tang, Yao Wen Liu, Yih Jyh Lin, Jenq Chang Lee, Wen Chun Hung, Yi-Wen Liu, Liang Yi Hung, Lu Shin Hsu, Shu Ting Yang, Kung Chao Chang, Wen Chang Chang, Chia Jui Yen, and Pey Yi Chang-Liao
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Small interfering RNA ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,SUMO-1 Protein ,SUMO protein ,IκB kinase ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ,Western blot ,medicine ,Humans ,Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins ,Protein inhibitor of activated STAT ,Phosphorylation ,Hepatology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Liver Neoplasms ,NF-kappa B ,Sumoylation ,NF-κB ,digestive system diseases ,I-kappa B Kinase ,nervous system diseases ,respiratory tract diseases ,HBx ,IκBα ,chemistry ,Trans-Activators ,Cancer research ,I-kappa B Proteins ,Microtubule-Associated Proteins ,therapeutics ,Signal Transduction ,circulatory and respiratory physiology - Abstract
Background & Aims Constitutive activation of NF-κB is an important event involved in chronic inflammation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CPAP, which plays important roles in centrosomal functions, was previously identified as the transcriptional co-activator of NF-κB. However, the molecular mechanism is unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of CPAP in activating the NF-κB pathway in HCC. Methods SK-Hep1, HuH7, HepG2, HepG2X, Hep3B, and Hep3BX cells with CPAP overexpression or CPAP siRNA were used to evaluate activation of NF-κB under TNF-α stimulation by reporter assay, RT-PCR, Q-PCR, and Western blot analysis. In vivo SUMO modification of CPAP was demonstrated by an in situ PLA assay. Human HCC tissues were used to perform Q-PCR, Western blot, and IHC. Results CPAP siRNA abolished the interaction between IKKβ and NF-κB, whereas overexpression of CPAP enhanced this interaction and finally led to augmented NF-κB activation by increasing the phosphorylation of NF-κB. CPAP could enter nuclei by associating with NF-κB. Furthermore, CPAP was SUMO-1 modified upon TNF-α stimulus, and this is essential for its NF-κB co-activator activity. SUMO-1-deficient CPAP mutant lost its NF-κB co-activator activity and failed to enter nuclei. Importantly, SUMOylated CPAP could synergistically increase the HBx-induced NF-κB activity. Conclusions CPAP is essential for the recruitment of the IKK complex to inactivated NF-κB upon TNF-α treatment. Expression of CPAP was positively correlated with a poor prognosis in HBV-HCC. CPAP has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target for inflammation and inflammation-related diseases.
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- 2013
43. Randomised clinical trial: comparison of two everolimus dosing schedules in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
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Wu Chou Su, Jin Ding Huang, Pin-Wen Lin, Her-Shyong Shiah, Li-Tzong Chen, Jang Yang Chang, Jacqueline Whang-Peng, Chia-Yen Dai, Yih Jyh Lin, Chin-Fu Hsiao, and Chiung Yu Chen
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Adult ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Male ,Hepatitis B virus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,HBsAg ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,Maximum Tolerated Dose ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gastroenterology ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Everolimus ,Aged ,Sirolimus ,Hepatitis ,Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Hepatology ,biology ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Middle Aged ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Surgery ,Alanine transaminase ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,DNA, Viral ,biology.protein ,Female ,business ,Immunosuppressive Agents ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Background Deregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling is common in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aim To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus in advanced HCC patients. Methods Patients with locally advanced or metastatic HCC (Child-Pugh class A or B) were enrolled in an open-label phase 1 study and randomly assigned to daily (2.5–10 mg) or weekly (20–70 mg) everolimus in a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. MTD was based on the rate of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Secondary endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetics and tumour response. In a post hoc analysis, serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels were quantified. Results Thirty-nine patients were enrolled. DLTs occurred in five of 21 patients in the daily and two of 19 patients in the weekly cohort. Daily and weekly MTDs were 7.5 mg and 70 mg respectively. Grade 3/4 adverse events with a ≥10% incidence were thrombocytopenia, hypophosphataemia and alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation. In four hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-seropositive patients, grade 3/4 ALT elevations were accompanied by significant (>1 log) increases in serum HBV levels. The incidence of hepatitis flare (defined as ALT increase >100 IU/mL from baseline) in HBsAg-seropositive patients with and without detectable serum HBV DNA before treatment was 46.2% and 7.1% respectively (P
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- 2012
44. Treatment patterns and survival for hepatocellular carcinoma in USA and Taiwan
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Chia-Ni Lin, Sylvia H. Hsu, Yih Jyh Lin, Tannaz Sedghi, Cary P. Gross, Tsung-Ching Chou, Yen-Cheng Chiu, Jung-Der Wang, Shi-Yi Wang, and Hyun Soo Kim
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Cancer mortality ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,High prevalence ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,digestive system diseases ,Oncology ,Internal medicine ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,medicine ,business ,neoplasms - Abstract
e16120Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Due to the high prevalence of hepatitis B/C infection, HCC ranks second in can...
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- 2018
45. Transthyretin-driven oncolytic adenovirus suppresses tumor growth in orthotopic and ascites models of hepatocellular carcinoma
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Ai Li Shiau, Che-Hsin Lee, Yih Jyh Lin, Chao Liang Wu, Jeng Long Hsieh, Min Li Teo, and Yen Sung Huang
- Subjects
Oncolytic adenovirus ,Cancer Research ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,viruses ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Adenoviridae ,Mice ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Animals ,Humans ,Prealbumin ,Adenovirus E1B Proteins ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Oncolytic Virotherapy ,Cisplatin ,biology ,business.industry ,Liver Neoplasms ,Ascites ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Virology ,digestive system diseases ,Oncolytic virus ,Oncolytic Viruses ,Transthyretin ,Oncology ,Viral replication ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Female ,Adenovirus E1A Proteins ,Liver cancer ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Strategies to increase antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses are actively investigated. We have previously shown that E1B-55 kDa-deleted adenovirus, designated Ad5WS1, has therapeutic potential for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To achieve HCC-restricted replication of oncolytic adenovirus, we generated Ad5WS2, an E1B-55 kDa-deleted adenovirus with its E1A gene driven by the liver-specific transthyretin promoter. Our results showed that Ad5WS2 could replicate within tumor cells where the transthyretin gene was expressed. Mouse transthyretin promoter was active in murine and human HCC cells, but relatively quiescent in cells of non-liver origin. Ad5WS2 caused severe cytolytic effect on HCC cells, but was much attenuated in non-HCC cells. Peritoneal administration of Ad5WS2 into mice bearing liver tumors grown in ascites resulted in enhanced survival. In an orthotopic HCC model, Ad5WS2, when systemically administered, exerted higher antitumor effects than Ad5WS1. Lack of viral replication in normal organs and minimal hepatic toxicity was noted after Ad5WS2 treatment. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of Ad5WS2 could be enhanced when combined with chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin in the ascites tumor model. These results suggest that E1B-55 kDa-deleted adenovirus driven by the transthyretin promoter may be a safer and more efficacious oncolytic agent for the treatment of primary and metastatic HCC.
- Published
- 2009
46. Reappraisal of HLA Antibody Analysis and Crossmatching in Kidney Transplantation
- Author
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Chung-Jye Hung, Po-Chang Lee, Yih Jyh Lin, T C. Chou, J P. Chuang, and Shen-Shin Chang
- Subjects
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Human leukocyte antigen ,Antigen ,Antibody Specificity ,HLA Antigens ,Isoantibodies ,Preoperative Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Hla antibodies ,Elisa method ,False Negative Reactions ,Kidney transplantation ,Retrospective Studies ,HLA-D Antigens ,Transplantation ,biology ,business.industry ,Histocompatibility Testing ,Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ,Follow up studies ,medicine.disease ,Kidney Transplantation ,Disease control ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Surgery ,Antibody ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometric techniques have been introduced to overcome the limited sensitivity and specificity of the CDC assay. This retrospective study used lambda antigen tray-mixed screening and Luminex HLA class I and II specificity assays to re-examine: (1) the accuracy with which detection of HLA antibody and specificity by ELISA predicts pretransplantation National Institutes of Health (NIH)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) crossmatch; and (2) a comparison of Luminex and ELISA methods to detect HLA antibodies. Sera from 481 patients awaiting kidney transplantation were tested using the ELISA method lambda antigen tray-mixed and using NIH-CDC to determine how well HLA antibodies detected using ELISA predicted crossmatches using CDC. Pretransplantation sera from 48 patients with follow-up data were retested using both ELISA lambda antigen tray-mixed and Luminex to compare the efficacy of the 2 methods.
- Published
- 2009
47. Liver xenografts for the treatment of acute liver failure: Clinical and experimental experience and remaining immunologic barriers
- Author
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Yih Jyh Lin, Bruno Gridelli, Hidetaka Hara, David K. C. Cooper, and Amadeo Marcos
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Primates ,Swine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Xenotransplantation ,Transplantation, Heterologous ,Liver transplantation ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,In patient ,Transplantation ,Kidney ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Liver failure ,Liver Transplantation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Acute Disease ,Immunology ,Surgery ,business ,Pig liver ,Liver Failure ,Papio ,Large animal ,Allotransplantation - Abstract
A critical element restricting the application of liver transplantation is the shortage of human deceased donor organs. Xenotransplantation using pig organs might be a solution to this shortage. Although the problems that still require resolution include the immunologic barrier, the potential risk of transferring infectious agents with the transplanted organ, and uncertainty about whether the transplanted organ will function satisfactorily in the human environment, recent progress in the genetic manipulation of pigs has led to the prospect that clinical xenografting, at least as a bridge to allotransplantation, may be possible in the foreseeable future. Experience with clinical auxiliary and orthotopic liver xenotransplantation and experimental liver xenotransplantation in nonhuman primate and other large animal models is reviewed, and the remaining immunologic problems are discussed. Evidence suggests that, in patients with hepatic failure, the pig liver may be less susceptible to antibody-mediated injury than other pig organs, such as the heart or kidney. Pig Kupffer cells and other macrophages will recognize and phagocytose primate red blood cells, but this problem should be overcome by pretransplant depletion of macrophages from the organ-source pig. From the evidence currently available, it does not seem unduly optimistic to anticipate that a liver from an α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pig would survive at least long enough to function as a successful bridge to allotransplantation. Liver Transpl 14:425–434, 2008. © 2008 AASLD.
- Published
- 2008
48. Prediction of early hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence using germinal center kinase-like kinase
- Author
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Cheng-Hsun Ho, Yih Jyh Lin, Yen-Cheng Chiu, Wen-Chun Liu, Hung Wen Tsai, I-Chin Wu, Hung Yu Sun, Pin-Nan Cheng, Huai-Chia Chuang, Ting-Tsung Chang, Kung Chia Young, and Tse-Hua Tan
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Gerontology ,Oncology ,Male ,Autoimmunity ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Nuclear factor kappa b ,0302 clinical medicine ,Liver tissue ,Cell Cycle ,Liver Neoplasms ,Gene Transfer Techniques ,NF-kappa B ,hepatocellular carcinoma ,Middle Aged ,University hospital ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,Female ,Signal Transduction ,Research Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ,recurrence ,Genetic Vectors ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Resection ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,Protein Kinase C beta ,medicine ,Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma ,Humans ,Aged ,Cell Proliferation ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Retrospective Studies ,National health ,business.industry ,Lentivirus ,Germinal center ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Hepatocytes ,GLK ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,business ,NFκB - Abstract
// Cheng-Hsun Ho 1, 2, * , Huai-Chia Chuang 3, * , I-Chin Wu 2 , Hung-Wen Tsai 4, 5 , Yih-Jyh Lin 6 , Hung-Yu Sun 7 , Kung-Chia Young 7 , Yen-Cheng Chiu 2 , Pin-Nan Cheng 2 , Wen-Chun Liu 2, 5 , Tse-Hua Tan 3, 8 , Ting-Tsung Chang 2, 5, 9 1 Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 2 Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 3 Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan 4 Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 5 Infectious Disease and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 6 Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 7 Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 8 Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 9 Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Ting-Tsung Chang, email: ttchang@mail.ncku.edu.tw Tse-Hua Tan, email: ttan@nhri.org.tw Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, recurrence, GLK, NFκB Received: September 08, 2015 Accepted: June 04, 2016 Published: June 20, 2016 ABSTRACT Germinal center kinase-like kinase (GLK) is a key controller of autoimmunity. In this study, we assessed the clinical relevance and tumorigenic effects of GLK in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that the GLK proportion score increased in both cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous liver tissue from patients with HCC recurrence. A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with a wide distribution of GLK in non-cancerous liver tissue had a higher rate of HCC recurrence than those with very low or no GLK expression. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that a high GLK proportion score in non-cancerous liver tissue was an independent predictor of early HCC recurrence after resection. Lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of GLK activated the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling cascade and accelerated cell cycle progression in primary human hepatocytes, thereby promoting proliferation. An increase in GLK expression coincided with NFκB activation and enhanced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in HCC tissue. Our findings demonstrate a potential hepatocarcinogenic effect of GLK and the feasibility of using GLK to predict early HCC recurrence.
- Published
- 2015
49. Allosensitized humans are at no greater risk of humoral rejection of GT-KO pig organs than other humans
- Author
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Zuhaib Ibrahim, Xiaocheng Zhu, Michel Awwad, Yih Jyh Lin, Hidetaka Hara, David Ayares, Pleunie P. M. Rood, David K. C. Cooper, Mohamed Ezzelarab, Adriana Zeevi, Suyapa Ball, and Jamie Busch
- Subjects
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ,Graft Rejection ,Isoantigens ,Swine ,Xenotransplantation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Disaccharides ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Immunoglobulin G ,Antigen ,Transplantation Immunology ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Transplantation ,biology ,Immune Sera ,Panel reactive antibody ,Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic ,Molecular biology ,Immunoglobulin M ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,biology.protein ,Antibody - Abstract
Background: The availability of pigs homozygous for α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GT-KO) has enabled study of the incidence and cytotoxicity of primate antibodies directed to antigens other than Galα1,3Gal (Gal), termed non-Gal antigens. Methods: Sera from 27 healthy humans and 31 patients awaiting renal allotransplantation, who were either unsensitized [panel reactive antibodies (PRA) 70%), were tested by flow cytometry for binding of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both wild-type (WT) and GT-KO pigs. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity to WT and GT-KO PBMC was also measured. Results: IgM and IgG from all 27 (100%) healthy human sera bound to WT PBMC, while 78% and 63% of these sera had IgM and IgG that bound to GT-KO PBMC, respectively. Mean binding to WT PBMC was significantly greater than GT-KO PBMC. Whereas 100% of sera were cytotoxic to WT PBMC, only 61% were cytotoxic to GT-KO PBMC, and the extent of lysis was significantly less. Neither mean binding of IgM and IgG nor cytotoxicity of unsensitized and allosensitized sera to WT and GT-KO PBMC was significantly different to that of healthy sera. Conclusions: More than half of the healthy humans tested had cytotoxic antibodies to GT-KO PBMC, but allosensitized patients will be at no greater risk of rejecting a pig xenograft by a humoral mechanism.
- Published
- 2006
50. Co-expression of RON and MET is a prognostic indicator for patients with transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder
- Author
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Tzong Shin Tzai, Nan Haw Chow, Chung Liang Ho, Helen H.W. Chen, Hsiao Sheng Liu, T. Y. Chang, Yih Jyh Lin, P. Y. Hsu, and H. L. Cheng
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Proto-Oncogene Mas ,Receptor tyrosine kinase ,Cohort Studies ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Lung cancer ,Molecular Diagnostics ,Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ,Bladder cancer ,Oncogene ,biology ,Hepatocyte Growth Factor ,business.industry ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Macrophages ,MST1R ,Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,Cancer ,protein tyrosine kinases ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ,RON ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Survival Analysis ,co-expression ,Transitional cell carcinoma ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Oncology ,Cancer cell ,MET ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,bladder cancer ,business - Abstract
Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON) is a distinct receptor tyrosine kinase in the c-met proto-oncogene family. We examined the mutational and expression patterns of RON in eight human uroepithelial cell lines. Biological effects of RON overexpression on cancer cells were investigated in vitro, and the prognostic significance of RON and/or c-met protein (MET) expression was analysed in a bladder cancer cohort (n=183). There was no evidence of mutation in the kinase domain of RON. Overexpression of RON using an inducible Tet-off system induced increased cell proliferation, motility, and antiapoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that RON was overexpressed in 60 cases (32.8%) of primary tumours, with 14 (23.3%) showing a high level of expression. Recepteur d'Origine Nantais expression was positively associated with histological grading, larger size, nonpapillary contour, and tumour stage (all P
- Published
- 2005
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