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A remote sensing satellite, FORMOSAT-5, developed by National Space Organization (NSPO) carried a piggyback science payload, Advanced Ionospheric Payload (AIP), for space weather and seismo-ionospheric precursor study. To meet the science requirements, AIP could be operated in different measurement modes to obtain various plasma parameters. The first AIP measurement was performed on 7 September 2017 to obtain the first-orbit data and started routine operation in November the same year. Global ion density and ion velocity/temperature distributions were available every two days and four days, respectively. AIP was regularly operated in a sampling rate 1,024 Hz to maximize useful science data. In this poster, global occurrence rates of pre-midnight low-latitude ionospheric plasma density irregularities will be shown from AIP science data collected since winter 2017. The results indicate that seasonal variations of the occurrence rates during the solar minimum (2017/11-2019/12) are distributed very similar to but have lower magnitudes than those observations by ROCSAT-1/Ionospheric Plasma and Electrodynamics Instrument dataset (1999-2004) during solar maximum.

In this study, a combined whole-cell biotransformation process was used for efficient synthesis of optically pure (1 R, 2 S )-norephedrine [(1 R, 2 S )-NE]. The genes encoding R -selective acetohydroxyacid synthase I (AHAS I) from Escherichia coli and S -selective ω-transaminase (ω-TA) from Chromobacterium violaceum BCRC10636 were cloned and over-expressed in E. coli NovaBlue cells. In the first biosynthetic step, l -phenylacetylcarbinol ( l -PAC) was produced from benzaldehyde and pyruvate by using recombinant E. coli (pQE- AHAS I) cells, with almost 100% conversion yield and 71.8% purification yield. The purified l -PAC was coupled to l -alanine by using recombinant E. coli (pQE- CvTA ) cells to produce (1 R, 2 S )-NE. This biocatalytic process was optimal at pH 6.5 to 8.0 and 37 °C, with a 1:10 ratio of l -PAC to l -alanine. Under the optimal conditions, the highest conversion yield of (1 R, 2 S )-NE was 62.2% and the enantiomeric excess value of (1 R, 2 S )-NE was more than 99%. The recombinant E. coli (pQE- CvTA ) cells could be reused for at least 20 cycles, with only a modest reduction in the conversion yield to 76.3% relative to the first cycle. Our results indicate that the combination of AHAS I- and ω-TA-expressing E. coli cells might be a potential biocatalyst for (1 R, 2 S )-NE production.

To promote developing more usable and accessed, daily-used products that could meet the rigorous requirements from diverse consumers at the present time, this research proposed an innovative product design process by synergizing both universal design (UD) principles and TRIZ tools. This newly developed process started with stating the design problems via a UD evaluation, followed by PDMT analysis to develop the preliminary design directions. The directions were then analyzed by using Su-Field models in order to locate the potential resolutions from TRIZ’s 76 Standard Solutions. Finally, a case study was conducted to demonstrate how this innovative design process works. Study result shows that this approach can help identify the core of the problem and locate the improved product concepts effectively, resulting in generating more creative and usable product design.