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Tan, Zhi Wan, Toh, Elysia X. P., Cai, Yixiong, Tan, Heok Hui, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2023): Discovery of Encheloclarias (Teleostei: Clariidae) from Singapore, with notes on morphology and distribution. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71: 196-206, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2023-0015

Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 70, 572-579

Nature in Singapore, 15, 1-2

Ng, Peter K. L., Mar, Win, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): On the taxonomy of the endemic Inle Lake crab, Inlethelphusa acanthica (Kemp, 1918) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) of Myanmar. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 453-463, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0063

Inlethelphusa Yeo & Ng, 2007 Type species. Potamon (Potamon) acanthicum Kemp, 1918, by monotypy. Diagnosis. Carapace broader than long, relatively low; dorsal surface gently convex; epigastric cristae low, distinct, not sharp, anterior to postorbital cristae, distinctly separated from postorbital cristae by groove; postorbital cristae low, blunt, not confluent with epibranchial teeth; external orbital angle well developed, separate from rest of anterolateral margin by deep cleft; epibranchial tooth well developed, spiniform; anterolateral margins prominently serrated, with anterior serrations larger; antennular fossae subrectangular, broad; epistome posterior margin with low but distinct median tooth; endostomial ridge absent. Third maxilliped with long exopod, with long flagellum. Ambulatory legs short; merus without subdistal spine on dorsal margin. Suture between male thoracic sternites 2 and 3 distinct; thoracic sternite 8 completely separated by a longitudinal medial line; sternopleonal cavity almost reaching imaginary line joining anterior edges of cheliped bases; male pleon triangular. G1 subterminal segment with distal third bent outward, appears neck-like, being distinctly tapered or constricted; G1 terminal segment slender, elongate, tubular to tapering, tip truncate or sharp, upcurved, dorsal flap absent. G2 longer than G1, distal segment distinctly less than half length of basal segment., Published as part of Ng, Peter K. L., Mar, Win & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, On the taxonomy of the endemic Inle Lake crab, Inlethelphusa acanthica (Kemp, 1918) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) of Myanmar, pp. 453-463 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 454, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0063, http://zenodo.org/record/4576914, {"references":["Yeo DCJ & Ng PKL (2007) On the genus \" Potamon \" and allies in Indochina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 16: 273 - 308.","Kemp S (1918) Crustacea Decapoda of the Inle Lake Basin. Records of the Indian Museum, 14: 81 - 102, pls. 24, 25."]}

Inlethelphusa Yeo & Ng, 2007 Type species. Potamon (Potamon) acanthicum Kemp, 1918, by monotypy. Diagnosis. Carapace broader than long, relatively low; dorsal surface gently convex; epigastric cristae low, distinct, not sharp, anterior to postorbital cristae, distinctly separated from postorbital cristae by groove; postorbital cristae low, blunt, not confluent with epibranchial teeth; external orbital angle well developed, separate from rest of anterolateral margin by deep cleft; epibranchial tooth well developed, spiniform; anterolateral margins prominently serrated, with anterior serrations larger; antennular fossae subrectangular, broad; epistome posterior margin with low but distinct median tooth; endostomial ridge absent. Third maxilliped with long exopod, with long flagellum. Ambulatory legs short; merus without subdistal spine on dorsal margin. Suture between male thoracic sternites 2 and 3 distinct; thoracic sternite 8 completely separated by a longitudinal medial line; sternopleonal cavity almost reaching imaginary line joining anterior edges of cheliped bases; male pleon triangular. G1 subterminal segment with distal third bent outward, appears neck-like, being distinctly tapered or constricted; G1 terminal segment slender, elongate, tubular to tapering, tip truncate or sharp, upcurved, dorsal flap absent. G2 longer than G1, distal segment distinctly less than half length of basal segment.

Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther) (Fig. 71, CA[SPC]) Remarks. Fernando & Phang (1994) stated that this species had been very likely introduced as an escaped pet fish in the 1940s, and they easily hybridise with P. latipinna. This species is commonly sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 172, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Fernando AA & Phang VPE (1994) Freshwater Ornamental Fish Aquaculture in Singapore. Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore, 123 pp."]}

Thorichthys meeki Brind (Fig. 102, CA) References. Ng et al., 1993 (as Cichlasoma meeki); Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b. Distribution. Cluny Road drain (Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b). Remarks. This species is not established, and it is regarded as an escapee., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 181, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265."]}

Clarias macrocephalus Günther (SEA) References. Tan HTW et al., 2010. Distribution. Not known. Remarks. Hybrids between C. macrocephalus and C. gariepinus have been used for aquaculture (Tan HTW et al., 2010)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 167, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Tan HTW, Chou LM, Yeo DCJ & Ng PKL (2010) The Natural Heritage of Singapore. Third edition. Prentice Hall, Singapore, ix + 323 pp."]}

Dawkinsia filamentosa (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes) (Fig. 25, SAs[SPC]) References. Herre & Myers, 1937; Alfred, 1966a; Ng & Lim, 1997b; Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan HTW et al., 2010; Yeo & Lim, 2010. Distribution. Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Singapore Botanic Gardens (Yeo & Lim, 2010). References. Kwik, 2013; Kwik et al., 2013. Distribution. Woodlands Town Park pond (Kwik, 2013; Kwik et al., 2013)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 160, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Herre AWCT & Myers GSM (1937) A contribution to the ichthyology of the Malay Peninsula. Part II. Fresh-water fishes. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 13: 53 - 76, pls. 1 - 4.","Alfred ER (1966 a) The fresh-water fishes of Singapore. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 78: 3 - 67, 8 pls.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. First Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Tan HTW, Chou LM, Yeo DCJ & Ng PKL (2010) The Natural Heritage of Singapore. Third edition. Prentice Hall, Singapore, ix + 323 pp.","Yeo DCJ & Lim KKP (2010) Aplocheilus lineatus, a non-native killifish (Actinopterygii: Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae) in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 3: 327 - 332.","Kwik JTB, Kho ZY, Quek BS, Tan HH & Yeo DCJ (2013) Urban stormwater ponds in Singapore: potential pathways for spread of alien freshwater fishes. BioInvasions Records, 2 (3): 239 - 245."]}

Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik, Yeo, Darren C. J. (2020): The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 150-195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016

Labeo rohita (Hamilton) (Fig. 29, SAs) References. Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010. Distribution. MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010). Remarks. This fish species is sometimes sold in wet markets and supermarkets in Singapore (Tan HH, pers. obs.)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 161, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116."]}

Scleropages jardini (Saville-Kent) (Fig. 9, AU) References. None. This is a new record for Singapore. Distribution. Singapore Botanic Gardens, Swan Lake (Lim KKP, pers. obs., October 2010)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 156, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987

Brachygobius sabanus Inger (Fig. 107, SEA[SPC]) References. Baker & Lim, 2012; Lim & Tan, 2012; Tan et al., 2014; Kwik & Yeo, 2015 (as Brachygobius doriae); Ho et al., 2016; Larson et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2016. Distribution. Poyan Reservoir (Lim & Tan, 2012); Tengah Reservoir (Lim & Tan, 2012); Kranji Reservoir (Lim & Tan, 2012); Kranji Marsh (Lim & Tan, 2012; Tan et al., 2016); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (Lim & Tan, 2012); Banir (Lim & Tan, 2012); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Tan et al., 2014); Sungei Seletar (Ho et al., 2016). Remarks. This species is well-established in Singapore (Larson et al., 2016)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 182, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Lim KKP & Tan HH (2012) Additions of fish species to the established alien fauna of Singapore: Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae and Brachygobius sabanus. Nature in Singapore, 5: 69 - 72.","Kwik JTB & Yeo DCJ (2015) Difference in fish assemblages in protected and non-protected freshwater streams in a tropical urbanized country. Hydrobiologia, 762: 143 - 156.","Ho JKI, Ramchunder SJ, Memory A, Theng M, Li T, Clews E, Cai Y, Tan HH & Yeo DCJ (2016) A Guide to the Freshwater Fauna of Nee Soon Swamp Forest. Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 139 pp.","Larson HK, Jaafar Z & Lim KKP (2016) An updated checklist of the gobioid fishes of Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Singapore, Supplement 34: 744 - 757.","Tan HH, Yeo DCJ, Ng TH, Tan SK & Low BW (2016) Fishes, shrimps and aquatic snails observed at Kranji Marsh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016: 186 - 190."]}

Barbonymus gonionotus (Bleeker) (Fig. 14, SEA) References. Alfred, 1966a (as Puntius gonionotus); Anonymous, 1989a (as Puntius gonionotus); Lim & Ng, 1990 (as Barbodes gonionotus); Ng et al., 1993 (as Barbodes gonionotus); Ng & Lim, 1997a (as Barbodes gonionotus); Ng & Lim, 1997b (as Barbodes gonionotus). Distribution. Woodlands Town Garden (Anonymous, 1989a). Remarks. This species was introduced as a food fish during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore (1942–1945) (Alfred, 1966a; Mohsin & Ambak, 1983; Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997a), but failed to gain popularity. There have not been any recent records (i.e., post-1990)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on pages 157-158, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Alfred ER (1966 a) The fresh-water fishes of Singapore. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 78: 3 - 67, 8 pls.","Anonymous (1989 a) Recent reports. The Pangolin, Malayan Nature Society (Singapore Branch), 2 (1): 1 - 5.","Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Mohsin AKM & Ambak MA (1983) Freshwater fishes of Peninsular Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Selangor, 284 pp."]}

Cichla temensis Humboldt, in Humboldt & Valenciennes (Fig. 86, SA[SPC]), Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 176, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987

Tor tambroides (Bleeker) (Fig. 44, SEA) References. Herre & Myers, 1937; Alfred, 1966a. Distribution. Not known. Remarks. Herre & Myers’ (1937) record came from an unnamed stream in Singapore, and no further details were available. No records of this taxon recently. Species from the genus Tor are unlikely to be native to Singapore, due to lack of suitable habitat. Tor species are found typically in large river habitats, which geologically never existed in Singapore., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 164, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Herre AWCT & Myers GSM (1937) A contribution to the ichthyology of the Malay Peninsula. Part II. Fresh-water fishes. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 13: 53 - 76, pls. 1 - 4.","Alfred ER (1966 a) The fresh-water fishes of Singapore. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 78: 3 - 67, 8 pls."]}

Parachromis managuensis (Günther) (Fig. 99, CA[SPC]) References. Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan HTW et al., 2010; Kwik et al., 2013. Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan canal (Tan HH, pers. obs., 2010); Pangsua pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Yishun pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Bishan Park (unpublished data), Pandan Reservoir (unpublished data). Remarks. This species is common in the ornamental fish trade., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 180, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Baker N & Lim KKP (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. First Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Tan HTW, Chou LM, Yeo DCJ & Ng PKL (2010) The Natural Heritage of Singapore. Third edition. Prentice Hall, Singapore, ix + 323 pp.","Kwik JTB, Kho ZY, Quek BS, Tan HH & Yeo DCJ (2013) Urban stormwater ponds in Singapore: potential pathways for spread of alien freshwater fishes. BioInvasions Records, 2 (3): 239 - 245."]}

Barbonymus altus (Günther) (Fig. 13, SEA[SPC]) References. Ng & Lim, 1997a (as Barbodes altus); Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010. Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 157, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116."]}

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes) (EAs) References. Le Mare, 1949; Tham, 1973; Mohsin & Ambak, 1983; Yang, 1984; Munro, 1990; Ng et al., 1993; Ng & Lim, 1997b. Distribution. Upper Seletar Reservoir (previously known as Seletar Reservoir; Yang, 1984). Remarks. This species is cultivated in ponds for food, and the fry stock is imported from China (Le Mare, 1949; Tham, 1973; Munro, 1990; Ng et al., 1993). This species was reared in experimental floating cages in reservoirs as early as 1972 (Yang, 1984). References. Anonymous, 1988a; Lim & Ng, 1990; Munro, 1990; Ng et al., 1993; Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b; Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012. Distribution. Sungei Sembawang — Senoko (Anonymous, 1988a; Ng & Lim, 1997a); Mandai Road area (Anonymous, 1998a; Ng & Lim, 1997a); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Tan HH, pers. obs., early 1990s)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 160, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Le Mare DW (1949) Annual report to the Fisheries Department, Federation of Malaya and Singapore, 1948, 206 pp.","Tham AK (1973) Fish and prawn ponds. In: Chuang SH (ed.) Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore. Pp. 260 - 268.","Mohsin AKM & Ambak MA (1983) Freshwater fishes of Peninsular Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Selangor, 284 pp.","Yang SL (1984) Fishes in our reservoirs. In: PUB Digest 97 / 5 / 84. Public Utilities Board, Singapore. Pp. 10 - 17.","Munro AD (1990) Singapore freshwater fishes. In: Chou LM & Ng PKL (eds.) Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Pp. 97 - 125.","Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Anonymous (1988 a) Recent reports. The Pangolin, Malayan Nature Society (Singapore Branch), 1 (1): 2 - 10.","Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. First Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp."]}

Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith (Fig. 63, SEA) References. Tan & Yusfiandi, 2015. Distribution. Marina Reservoir (Tan & Yusfiandi, 2015)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 170, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Tan HH & Yusfiandi bin Yatiman (2015) Chaophraya giant catfish at Marina Reservoir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015: 149."]}

Rasbora trilineata Steindachner (Fig. 42, SEA[SPC]) References. Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b; Lim & Tan, 2011; Baker & Lim, 2012; Tan & Zeng, 2014. Distribution. Old Mandai Road area (Ng & Lim, 1997a); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve — Catchment Pond (Lim & Tan, 2011; Tan & Zeng, 2014). Remarks. This species appears to be established at one location although many individuals from this population appear to be inbred and deformed (see Tan & Zeng, 2014)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 164, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Tan HH & Lim KKP (2011) Rediscovery of the Bigmouth stream goby, Pseudogobiopsis oligactis (Actinopterygii: Gobiiformes: Gobinellidae) in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 4: 363 - 367.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Tan HH & Zeng Y (2014) Scissors-tail rasbora at Bukit Timah. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014: 276 - 277."]}

Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae Vidthayanon & Kottelat (Fig. 10, SEA[SPC]) References. Ng et al., 1993; Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b; Baker & Lim, 2012; Lim & Tan, 2012; Lim et al., 2013; Tan et al., 2016. Distribution. Choa Chu Kang pond (Ng & Lim, 1997a; Lim & Tan, 2012); Kranji Marsh (Lim & Tan, 2012; Lim et al., 2013; Tan et al., 2016). Remarks. Both juveniles and adults have been obtained from Kranji Marsh, suggesting an established breeding population there., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on pages 156-157, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Lim KKP & Tan HH (2012) Additions of fish species to the established alien fauna of Singapore: Amblypharyngodon chulabhornae and Brachygobius sabanus. Nature in Singapore, 5: 69 - 72.","Lim KKP, Baker N & Yeo SH (2013) Fishes of Kranji Marsh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013: 60 - 61.","Tan HH, Yeo DCJ, Ng TH, Tan SK & Low BW (2016) Fishes, shrimps and aquatic snails observed at Kranji Marsh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016: 186 - 190."]}

Channa micropeltes (Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes) (Fig. 119A, B, SEA[SPC]), Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 185, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987

Betta splendens Regan (Fig. 110, SEA[SPC]) References. Cantor, 1849 (as Macropodus pugnax); Herre, 1940; Tweedie, 1952; Johnson, 1964; Johnson, 1973a; Lim & Ng, 1990; Munro, 1990; Ng et al., 1993 (as B. imbellis); Lever, 1996; Ng & Lim, 1997b; National Parks Board, 2003; Tan HH et al., 2010; Tan, 2016b. Distribution. This species had been sighted by Cantor (1849) and subsequently obtained by Herre in 1940 from Mandai area; Sembawang-Nee Soon area (Johnson, 1964, 1973a); Jurong Lake (Johnson, 1973a); Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (National Parks Board, 2003); Kallang River (now part of Marina Reservoir; Munro, 1990; Tan HH et al., 2010); Kent Ridge Park ponds (Tan, 2016b); Bukit Batok (Ng DJJ, pers. obs., 2018). Remarks. This is a very popular ornamental fish species ubiquitous in aquarium shops, thus its presence in Singapore’s water bodies is not surprising. Recently, this species is commonly sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade, the culled fish being a by-product from selective breeding (Tan HH, pers. obs.)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 183, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Cantor T (1849) Catalogue of Malayan fishes. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 18 (2): i - xii, 983 - 1426, pls. 1 - 14.","Herre AWCT (1940) Additions to the fish fauna of Malaya and notes on rare or little known Malayan and Bornean fishes. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 16: 27 - 61.","Tweedie MWF (1952) Notes on Malayan fresh-water fishes. No. 3 - 5. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 24: 63 - 95, figs. 1 - 4.","Johnson DS (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Kuala Lumpur, x + 106 pp.","Johnson DS (1973 a) Freshwater life. In: Chuang SH (ed.) Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore. Pp. 103 - 127.","Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Munro AD (1990) Singapore freshwater fishes. In: Chou LM & Ng PKL (eds.) Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Pp. 97 - 125.","Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Lever C (1996) Naturalized Fishes of the World. Academic Press, San Diego, xxiv + 408 pp.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","National Parks Board (2003) Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve: A Decade of Wetland Conservation. National Parks Board, Singapore, 98 pp.","Tan HH, Low MEY & Lim KKP (2010) Fishes of the Marina basin, Singapore, before the erection of the Marina Barrage. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 58 (1): 137 - 144.","Tan HH (2016 b) Aquatic vertebrates observed at Kent Ridge Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016: 122 - 125."]}

Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède) (Fig. 2, NA[SPC]) References. Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Kwik et al., 2013; Yeo, 2013. Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Yishun Pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Bishan Park (Yeo, 2013); Marina Reservoir (Anonymous, pers. comm., 2014)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 151, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Kwik JTB, Kho ZY, Quek BS, Tan HH & Yeo DCJ (2013) Urban stormwater ponds in Singapore: potential pathways for spread of alien freshwater fishes. BioInvasions Records, 2 (3): 239 - 245.","Yeo RKH (2013) Alien fishes at Bishan Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013: 27 - 28."]}

Chrysichthys auratus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire) (Fig. 124, AF[SPC]) References. Tan, 2019. Distribution. Kallang River (Tan, 2019); Bishan Park (unpublished record). Remarks. This is based on observations (Tan, 2019; Tan & Tay, 2019) and actual specimens. The source of introduction of the specimens is a mystery (Tan, 2019)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987

Synodontis eupterus Boulenger (Fig. 61, AF[SPC]) References. Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010. Distribution. Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010). Remarks. This individual appears to be a discarded pet., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 169, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116."]}

Heros severus Heckel (Fig. 91, SA[SPC]) References. Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010. Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010). Remarks. Not established as this is regarded as a discarded aquarium fish., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 177, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116."]}

Puntigrus partipentazona (Fowler) (Fig. 37, SEA[SPC]) References. Boeseman, 1957 (as Puntius partipentazona); Anonymous, 1990 (as Puntius partipentazona); Lim & Ng, 1990 (as Puntius partipentazona); Munro, 1990 (as Puntius partipentazona); Ng, 1991 (as Puntius partipentazona); Ng et al., 1993 (as Puntius partipentazona); Lim, 1995 (as Puntius partipentazona); Lim et al., 1995 (as Puntius partipentazona); Subaraj et al., 1995 (as Puntius partipentazona); Ng & Lim, 1997a (as Puntius partipentazona); Ng & Lim, 1997b (as Puntius partipentazona); Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012 (as Systomus partipentazona). Distribution. MacRitchie Reservoir (Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997b); Central Catchment Nature Reserve — Nee Soon Swamp Forest (Munro, 1990); MacRitchie Reservoir (Subaraj et al., 1995); Sime Road forest (Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b); Bukit Timah Nature Reserve — eastern boundary, Catchment Pond (Lim, 1995; Ng & Lim, 1997b); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Munro, 1990); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Anonymous, 1990; Lim et al., 1995; Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b); Sungei Seletar (Banir confluence; Tan HH, pers. obs?, March 2017). Remarks. This species is occasionally sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 163, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Boeseman M (1957) On a collection of East Asian fishes. Zoologische Mededelingen, 35 (7): 69 - 78.","Anonymous (1990) Singapore records for the year. The Pangolin, Malayan Nature Society (Singapore Branch), 3 (1 - 4): 3 - 15.","Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Munro AD (1990) Singapore freshwater fishes. In: Chou LM & Ng PKL (eds.) Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Pp. 97 - 125.","Ng PKL (ed.) (1991) Freshwater life in Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 162 pp.","Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Lim KKP, Subaraj R & Teo R (1995) [issued 2000] Records for 1995. The Pangolin, The Nature Society (Singapore), 8 (1 - 4): 10 - 30.","Subaraj R, Lim KKP & Teo R (1995) [issued 2000] Late records (1993 - 1994). The Pangolin, The Nature Society (Singapore), 8 (1 - 4): 1 - 9.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. First Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp."]}

Macropodus opercularis (Linnaeus) (Fig. 111, EAs[SPC]) References. Tan et al., 2013. Distribution. Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013). Remarks. This species is sometimes sold as live feed in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 183, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Tan JYH, Tan LHC, Quek G, Lim VSF & Tan HH (2013) The fish fauna of Bukit Brown, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 6: 229 - 237."]}

Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) (AF) References. Welcomme, 1988; Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng et al., 1993; Lever, 1996; Ng & Lim, 1997b; Jaafar et al., 2012. Distribution. Not known. Remarks. This species is regarded as an escapee from aquaculture (Ng & Lim, 1997b)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 179, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Welcomme RL (1988) International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 294. FAO Fisheries Department, Rome, 318 pp.","Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Lever C (1996) Naturalized Fishes of the World. Academic Press, San Diego, xxiv + 408 pp.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Jaafar Z, Yeo DCJ, Tan HH & O'Riordan RM (2012) Status of marine non-indigenous species in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 25: 79 - 92."]}

Rasbora cf. notura Kottelat (Fig. 41, SEA[SPC]) References. Kwik, 2014; Kwik & Yeo, 2015. Distribution. Banir (Kwik, 2014; Kwik & Yeo, 2015). Remarks. Originally thought to be a non-native species, it could potentially represent a new taxon or hybrid (Tan HH, in prep.)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 164, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Kwik JTB (2014) Rasbora notura at Lorong Banir stream. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014: 152.","Kwik JTB & Yeo DCJ (2015) Difference in fish assemblages in protected and non-protected freshwater streams in a tropical urbanized country. Hydrobiologia, 762: 143 - 156."]}

Macrognathus zebrinus (Blyth) (Fig. 74, SEA[SPC]) References. Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012; Ng, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Baker & Leong, 2014; Ho et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2016; Tan & Teo, 2018. Distribution. Kranji Reservoir (Ng, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Tengah Reservoir (Ng, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Banir (Baker & Leong, 2014; Ho et al., 2016); Kranji Marsh (Tan et al., 2016); Marina Reservoir (Tan & Teo, 2018). Distribution. Originally found in the northern half of Singapore, recent records show it is now at Marina Reservoir (see Tan & Teo, 2018). The mode of transfer or spread is unknown., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 173, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Baker N & Lim KKP (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. First Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Baker N & Leong TM (2014) Zebra spiny-eel and slender walking catfish in Lorong Banir stream. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014: 28 - 29.","Ho JKI, Ramchunder SJ, Memory A, Theng M, Li T, Clews E, Cai Y, Tan HH & Yeo DCJ (2016) A Guide to the Freshwater Fauna of Nee Soon Swamp Forest. Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 139 pp.","Tan HH, Yeo DCJ, Ng TH, Tan SK & Low BW (2016) Fishes, shrimps and aquatic snails observed at Kranji Marsh. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016: 186 - 190."]}

Cirrhinus molitorella (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes) (Fig. 17, SEA) References. Herre & Myers, 1937; Le Mare, 1949 (as Cirrhina molitorella); Tham, 1973 (as Cirrhina molitorella); Munro, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b. References. Alfred, 1966a (as Puntius schwanenfeldii, first recorded in 1937); Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010. Distribution. Jurong area (Alfred, 1966a); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Marina Reservoir (unpublished data); Jurong Lake (unpublished data). Remarks. Recorded as extinct in Singapore (Alfred, 1966a); recent records probably represent non-native introductions (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 158, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Herre AWCT & Myers GSM (1937) A contribution to the ichthyology of the Malay Peninsula. Part II. Fresh-water fishes. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 13: 53 - 76, pls. 1 - 4.","Le Mare DW (1949) Annual report to the Fisheries Department, Federation of Malaya and Singapore, 1948, 206 pp.","Tham AK (1973) Fish and prawn ponds. In: Chuang SH (ed.) Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore. Pp. 260 - 268.","Munro AD (1990) Singapore freshwater fishes. In: Chou LM & Ng PKL (eds.) Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Pp. 97 - 125.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Alfred ER (1966 a) The fresh-water fishes of Singapore. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 78: 3 - 67, 8 pls.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. First Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116."]}

Leptobarbus rubripinna (Fowler) (Fig. 30, SEA[SPC]) References. Lim & Ng, 1990 (as L. hoeveni); Ng et al., 1993 (as L. hoeveni); Ng & Lim, 1997a (as L. hoeveni); Ng & Lim, 1997b (as L. hoeveni); Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan, 2016b. Remarks. This species is not established in Singapore as no breeding populations are known (Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997a)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 161, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Tan HH (2016 b) Aquatic vertebrates observed at Kent Ridge Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2016: 122 - 125."]}

Metzia lineata (Pellegrin) [Extirpated] (Fig. 31. EAs[SPC]) References. Regan, 1913 (described as Rasborichthys altior); Weber & de Beaufort, 1916 (as Rasborichthys altior); Tweedie, 1936 (as Rasborichthys altior); Herre & Myers, 1937 (as Rasborichthys altior); Blythe, 1951 (as Rasborichthys altior); Johnson, 1964 (as Rasborichthys altior); Alfred, 1966a (as Rasborichthys altior); Bănărescu, 1971 (as Rasborinus lineatus); Johnson, 1973a (as Rasborichthys altior); Lim & Ng, 1990 (as Rasborinus lineatus, as early as late 1800s or early 1900s); Munro, 1990 (as Rasborinus lineatus); Ng et al., 1993 (as Rasborinus lineatus takakii); Ng & Lim, 1997a (as Rasborinus lineatus takakii); Ng & Lim, 1997b (as Rasborinus lineatus); Tan HH et al., 2010; Tan HTW et al., 2010 (as Rasborinus lineatus takakii); Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012. Distribution. Probably extirpated in Singapore as there have been no recent records (Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b); previously recorded from Singapore Botanic Gardens (Tweedie, 1936; Alfred, 1966a); Serangoon area (Tweedie, 1936; Alfred, 1966a); Mandai Road area (Herre & Myers, 1937); MacRitchie Reservoir (Alfred, 1966a); Sungei Seletar (Alfred, 1966a); Sungei Whampoe (Alfred, 1966a); Kallang River (Alfred, 1966a; Tan HTW et al., 2010); Bukit Timah campus (Alfred ER, pers. comm., 2007); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997a); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997a). Remarks. Regan (1913) described this fish species on the presumption that it was endemic to Singapore. Weber & de Beaufort (1916) followed suit in regarding the species as native and endemic, as did subsequent workers (Tweedie, 1936; Herre & Myers, 1937; Alfred, 1966a; Johnson, 1973a). The taxonomy was only resolved by Bănărescu in 1971, and its endemic/native status debunked. This species is now understood to be an accidental import, along with fingerlings of food fish species, imported from Hong Kong and southern China (Lim & Ng, 1990)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 161, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Regan CT (1913) Description of a new cyprinid fish from Singapore. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 11 (64): 394.","Weber M & de Beaufort LF (1916) The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Volume 3. Brill, Leiden, xv + 455 pp., 214 figs.","Tweedie MWF (1936) A list of the fishes in the collection of the Raffles Museum. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 12: 16 - 28.","Herre AWCT & Myers GSM (1937) A contribution to the ichthyology of the Malay Peninsula. Part II. Fresh-water fishes. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 13: 53 - 76, pls. 1 - 4.","Blythe WL (1951) Fauna and Flora. In: Colony of Singapore Annual Report, 1950. Pp. 177 - 185.","Johnson DS (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Kuala Lumpur, x + 106 pp.","Alfred ER (1966 a) The fresh-water fishes of Singapore. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 78: 3 - 67, 8 pls.","Banarescu PM (1971) Further studies on the systematics of Cultrinae with reidentification of 44 type specimens (Pisces, Cyprinidae). Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Serie de Zoologie, 16 (1): 9 - 20.","Johnson DS (1973 a) Freshwater life. In: Chuang SH (ed.) Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore. Pp. 103 - 127.","Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Munro AD (1990) Singapore freshwater fishes. In: Chou LM & Ng PKL (eds.) Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Pp. 97 - 125.","Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Tan HH, Low MEY & Lim KKP (2010) Fishes of the Marina basin, Singapore, before the erection of the Marina Barrage. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 58 (1): 137 - 144.","Tan HTW, Chou LM, Yeo DCJ & Ng PKL (2010) The Natural Heritage of Singapore. Third edition. Prentice Hall, Singapore, ix + 323 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. First Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp."]}

Horabagrus brachysoma (Günther) (Fig. 123, SAs) References. None. This is a new record for Singapore. Distribution. Kranji Reservoir. Remarks. This is an overlooked record which was brought to our attention recently (Raghavan R, pers. comm., February 2020). This species is common in the ornamental fish trade (Tan HH, pers. obs.)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987

Hampala macrolepidota Kuhl & van Hasselt, in van Hasselt (Fig. 27, SEA[SPC]) References. Tan et al., 2013. Distribution. Bukit Brown (Tan et al., 2013)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 160, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Tan JYH, Tan LHC, Quek G, Lim VSF & Tan HH (2013) The fish fauna of Bukit Brown, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 6: 229 - 237."]}

Cichla orinocensis Humboldt, in Humboldt & Valenciennes (Fig. 84, SA[SPC]) References. Ng & Lim, 1997a (as Cichla cf. monoculus); Ng & Lim, 1997b (as Cichla ocellaris); Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Yeo & Chia, 2010; Kwik et al., 2013; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013; Tan, 2013b, 2014d, 2014g; Ho et al., 2016. Distribution. Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997a; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Tan, 2013b, 2014d); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Woodlands Town Park pond (Kwik et al., 2013); Punggol Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Serangoon Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013); Banir (Tan, 2014g; Ho et al., 2016); Marina Reservoir (near Marina Bay Sands; Wozniak S, pers. obs., October 2016); Bishan Park (unpublished data). Remarks. Juvenile individuals were recently obtained from a stream feeding into Lower Seletar Reservoir (Tan, 2014g), while adults were observed to be breeding in Upper Seletar Reservoir (Tan, 2013b); this is indicative that this species has established in Singapore., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 176, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. First Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Yeo DCJ & Chia CSW (2010) Introduced species in Singapore: an overview. COSMOS, 6: 23 - 37.","Kwik JTB, Kho ZY, Quek BS, Tan HH & Yeo DCJ (2013) Urban stormwater ponds in Singapore: potential pathways for spread of alien freshwater fishes. BioInvasions Records, 2 (3): 239 - 245.","Tan HH (2013 b) Peacock bass in Upper Seletar Reservoir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013: 97.","Tan HH (2014 d) Non-native fishes at inlet of Upper Seletar Reservoir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014: 91 - 92.","Tan HH (2014 g) Three non-native fishes in stream at Lorong Banir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014: 173 - 174.","Ho JKI, Ramchunder SJ, Memory A, Theng M, Li T, Clews E, Cai Y, Tan HH & Yeo DCJ (2016) A Guide to the Freshwater Fauna of Nee Soon Swamp Forest. Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 139 pp."]}

Barbonymus schwanefeldii (Bleeker) (Fig. 15, SEA[SPC]) Distribution. Bedok Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kallang River (now part of Marina Reservoir; Tan HH et al., 2010). Remarks. This species was most probably introduced from Java for aquaculture (Mohsin & Ambak, 1983). Present records are mainly from escapees or releases, as this species is a very popular ornamental fish and frequently used as feeder fish (Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng & Lim, 1997a)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 158, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Tan HH, Low MEY & Lim KKP (2010) Fishes of the Marina basin, Singapore, before the erection of the Marina Barrage. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 58 (1): 137 - 144.","Mohsin AKM & Ambak MA (1983) Freshwater fishes of Peninsular Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Selangor, 284 pp.","Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124."]}

Tor tambroides (Bleeker) (Fig. 44, SEA) References. Herre & Myers, 1937; Alfred, 1966a. Distribution. Not known. Remarks. Herre & Myers’ (1937) record came from an unnamed stream in Singapore, and no further details were available. No records of this taxon recently. Species from the genus Tor are unlikely to be native to Singapore, due to lack of suitable habitat. Tor species are found typically in large river habitats, which geologically never existed in Singapore.

Chitala ornata (Gray) (Fig. 5, SEA[SPC]) References. Ng & Lim, 1997b; Baker & Lim, 2008, 2012; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Tan HTW et al., 2010. Distribution. Jurong Lake (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Kranji Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ng & Lim, 1997b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Pandan Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); MacRitchie Reservoir (unpublished data); Punggol Reservoir (unpublished data)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 155, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2008) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. First Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Baker N & Lim KKP (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: a photographic guide to mammals, reptiles, amphibians and freshwater fishes. Second Edition. Nature Society (Singapore), Singapore, 180 pp.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Tan HTW, Chou LM, Yeo DCJ & Ng PKL (2010) The Natural Heritage of Singapore. Third edition. Prentice Hall, Singapore, ix + 323 pp."]}

Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz) (Fig. 82, SA) References. Lim & Ng, 1990; Ng et al., 1993; Ng & Lim, 1997b; Liew et al., 2012. Distribution. Singapore Botanic Gardens (Liew et al., 2012), Bishan Park (Tan HH, pers. obs., March 2017). Remarks. This is a popular species in the ornamental fish trade, available in several colour varieties., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 175, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Liew JH, Tan HH & Yeo DCJ (2012) Some cichlid fishes recorded in Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 5: 229 - 236."]}

Amphilophus trimaculatus (Günther) (Fig. 80, CA) References. Tan, 2014a (as Cichlasoma trimaculatum). Distribution. West Coast Park marsh pond (Tan, 2014a). Remarks. This is one of the parent species for the Louhan cichlid., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 175, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Tan HH (2014 a) Non-native fishes observed in marsh pond at West Coast Park. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014: 6 - 7."]}

Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes) (Fig. 19, EAs) References. Herre & Myers, 1937; Le Mare, 1949 (as C t e n o p h a r y n g o d o n i d e l l u s); Tham, 1973 (as Ctenopharyngodon idellus); Mohsin & Ambak, 1983; Yang, 1984; Lim & Ng, 1990; Munro, 1990; Public Utilities Board, 1991; Ng et al., 1993; Ng & Lim, 1997a, 1997b. Distribution. Upper Seletar Reservoir (previously known as Seletar Reservoir; Yang, 1984). Remarks. Herre & Myers’ (1937) record came from an experimental fish pond, and this may not have established in Singapore. Tham (1973) commented that it was the most popular fish cultured in fish ponds and the fry were imported from China. This species was reared in experimental floating cages in reservoirs as early as 1972, and subsequently used primarily for control of submerged macrophytes (Yang, 1984)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 159, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Herre AWCT & Myers GSM (1937) A contribution to the ichthyology of the Malay Peninsula. Part II. Fresh-water fishes. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 13: 53 - 76, pls. 1 - 4.","Le Mare DW (1949) Annual report to the Fisheries Department, Federation of Malaya and Singapore, 1948, 206 pp.","Tham AK (1973) Fish and prawn ponds. In: Chuang SH (ed.) Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore. Pp. 260 - 268.","Mohsin AKM & Ambak MA (1983) Freshwater fishes of Peninsular Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Selangor, 284 pp.","Yang SL (1984) Fishes in our reservoirs. In: PUB Digest 97 / 5 / 84. Public Utilities Board, Singapore. Pp. 10 - 17.","Lim KKP & Ng PKL (1990) A guide to the freshwater fishes of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp.","Munro AD (1990) Singapore freshwater fishes. In: Chou LM & Ng PKL (eds.) Essays in Zoology. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Pp. 97 - 125.","Public Utilities Board (1991) Nature in our Reservoir Parks. Public Relations Division, Public Utilities Board, Singapore, 20 pp.","Ng PKL, Chou LM & Lam TJ (1993) The status and impact of introduced freshwater animals in Singapore. Biological Conservation, 64: 19 - 24.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 a) The freshwater fishes of Singapore. Journal of the Singapore National Academy of Science, 22 - 24: 109 - 124.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265."]}

Family Potamotrygonidae Distribution. Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng et al., 2009; Chua G, 2010; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Ho et al., 2016); Lower Peirce Reservoir (Lai, 2015; Ho et al., 2016); Banir stream [direct link to Lower Seletar Reservoir] (Tan & Zeng, 2015); Lower Seletar Reservoir (Ho et al., 2016). Remarks. Recent observations indicate a breeding population at Lower Peirce Reservoir, where up to six juveniles were sighted at night in shallow water adjacent to a boardwalk (Zhou H, pers. obs., August 2016). This stingray’s diet includes fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates, including freshwater gastropods, crustaceans, and insect larvae (Tan & Tan, 2018; Kwik et al., in prep.)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 151, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng HH, Tan HH, Yeo DCJ & Ng PKL (2009) [issued 2010] Stingers in a strange land: South American freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae) in Singapore. Biological Invasions, 12 (8): 2385 - 2388.","Chua G (2010) Stingrays breeding in Upper Seletar. The Straits Times, 26 March 2010, p. C 5.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Ho JKI, Ramchunder SJ, Memory A, Theng M, Li T, Clews E, Cai Y, Tan HH & Yeo DCJ (2016) A Guide to the Freshwater Fauna of Nee Soon Swamp Forest. Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 139 pp.","Lai JCY (2015) Slender peacock bass and motoro stingray from Lower Peirce Reservoir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015: 75.","Tan HH & Zeng Y (2015) Motoro stingray in stream at Lorong Banir. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015: 141.","Tan HH & Tan SK (2018) Snail operculum in the faeces of a motoro stingray. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2018: 51 - 52."]}

Esomus metallicus Ahl (Fig. 26, SEA) Remarks. Alfred (1966a) considered this species extinct in Singapore. Recent populations are probably intentional releases or from Johor, Peninsular Malaysia, via raw water transfer (Ng & Lim, 1997b; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010)., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 160, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Alfred ER (1966 a) The fresh-water fishes of Singapore. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 78: 3 - 67, 8 pls.","Ng PKL & Lim KKP (1997 b) The diversity and conservation status of fishes in the Nature Reserves of Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 49 (2): 245 - 265.","Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116."]}

Veija × Mayaheros (?) hybrid (Fig. 126, [SPC]) References. None. This is a new record for Singapore. Distribution. Jurong Lake area (Tan HH, pers. obs.). Remarks. This is most likely a hybrid, as all Veija specimens lack the blue iridescent spots on the head., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 195, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987

Mystus wolffii (Bleeker) (Fig. 55, SEA[SPC]) References. Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010; Ng, 2012; Ng HH & Tan HH, 2013. Distribution. Lower Peirce Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010); Upper Seletar Reservoir (Ng HH & Tan HH, 2010). Remarks. Ng (2012) has clarified the status of Mystus wolffii in Singapore. The estuarine and dammed river-reservoir records probably represent native populations (i.e., Murai and Lower Seletar Reservoirs in Ng HH & Tan HH [2010]; Punggol and Serangoon Reservoirs in Ng PX & Tan HH [2013]), but the records from the inland reservoirs are probably non-native stock from raw water transferred from Johor, Peninsular Malaysia., Published as part of Hui, Tan Heok, Peng, Kelvin Lim Kok, Huan, Liew Jia, Wei, Low Bi, Hing, Rayson Lim Bock, Beng, Jeffrey Kwik Teik & Yeo, Darren C. J., 2020, The non-native freshwater fishes of Singapore: an annotated compilation, pp. 150-195 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 167, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0016, http://zenodo.org/record/5343987, {"references":["Ng HH & Tan HH (2010) An annotated checklist of the nonnative freshwater fish species in the reservoirs of Singapore. COSMOS, 6 (1): 95 - 116.","Ng HH (2012) The status of the catfish Mystus wolffii Bleeker, 1851 (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Bagridae) in Singapore, with notes on its taxonomy. Nature in Singapore, 5: 73 - 77.","Ng PX & Tan HH (2013) Fish diversity before and after construction of the Punggol and Serangoon Reservoirs, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 6: 19 - 24."]}