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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the "Grade III Level A hospital-community hospital family" -based management model.A total of 164 rural patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group according to the random number table. By comparing the two groups of patients' dependence, cardiovascular risk factors control, improvement of bad habits, and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), the management mode was evaluated. χ

Graphene quantum dot (GQD) and carbon quantum dot (CQD) nanoparticles were employed to fabricate the crab-like GQD/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and semicrab-like CQD/P3HT short chain, pellet-like GQD/P3HT and CQD/P3HT long chain, GQD/P3HT nanofiber and CQD/P3HT nanofiber supramolecules. The P3HT crystals were composed of face-on ((1 0 0) and (0 0 2) prisms) and edge-on ((0 2 0) and (0 0 2) growth planes) oriented chains. The lowest d-spacing values were acquired for the QD decorated P3HT nanofibers (d(1 0 0) = 13.41–13.46 Ǻ and d(0 2 0) = 3.39–3.43 Ǻ). To investigate the function of designed supramolecules in roles of morphology modifier, donor, and acceptor, the ternary and binary photovoltaics of P3HT: ( Meissner and Wohrle, 1991 , Meissner and Wohrle, 1991 )-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM):supramolecule, P3HT:supramolecule, and PC71BM:supramolecule were prepared. The GQD-based nanostructures acted better than the CQD-based ones, originated from their thinner and disk-like nature, and the highest photovoltaic characteristics were detected in P3HT:PC71BM:GQD/P3HT nanofiber systems (14.06 mA cm−2, 0.70 V, 66.11%), leading to a performance of 6.50%. Thin films modified by crab-like GQD/P3HT short chain (5.47%), CQD/P3HT nanofiber (4.56%), and semicrab-like CQD/P3HT short chain (3.46%) nanostructures also reflected the high-quality devices. The systems manipulated by the crab/semicrab-like (668 and 462 Ω.cm2) and decorated fibrillar (553 and 395 Ω.cm2) nanostructures demonstrated the faster electron transport and, thereby the lower carrier recombination. Even the well-designed supramolecules of GQD/P3HT nanofiber and crab-like GQD/P3HT short chain led to the low-quality binary photovoltaics (3.68% and 2.29%) with respect to corresponding ternary systems. When the QDs and their associated nano-hybrids were employed as the electron donors, the weakest cells were fabricated and the highest efficacy was 2.01% for PC71BM:GQD/P3HT.

This paper presents the performance analysis of the process consisting of the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), parabolic dish collector (PDC), linear Fresnel reflector (LFR), Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and the gas turbine, with the carbon dioxide separation process. In proposed novel process, the MCFC waste heat is used to generate additional electricity in the ORC. In addition, a gas turbine embedded in the process also generates electricity. This hybrid system also uses two concentrating solar collectors, i.e. LFR and PDC. The former raises the water temperature b7efore mixing with fuel and the latter raises the temperature of the mixture (water and fuel) before entering the reformer. Furthermore, in present study the performance of parabolic trough collector is investigated, assuming it provides the required duty of evaporator of ORC. Finally, the present study examines the process of carbon dioxide separation. The results revealed that, overall, electrical and exergy efficiency of the hybrid cycle is 58.02 %, 44.2 % and 74.9 %, respectively. Furthermore, the total exergy destruction rate and removal efficiency of the system are 13.67 MW and 78.9 %, respectively. In addition, about 35 collectors of LFR and 55 collectors of PDC are needed to supply the required duty of solar thermal collectors.

Purpose Restoration of blood supply to infarction area plays an extremely important role in the prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Consequently, the effects of various fragments of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) on the peri-infarction neovascularization and cardiac function after MI were studied.Methods Wild-type mice were used to construct a MI model. Together with the sham operation group (sham group), the mice were divided into four groups with 11 animals in each group. Four groups of mice were injected with saline (sham group and MI group), PTHrP (1-84) and PTHrP (87-139) subcutaneously into the abdomen at a dose of 80ug/kg, once a day for 28 days. After 4 weeks, cardiac color Doppler ultrasound examination was performed to evaluate the cardiac function, and the heart tissues of mice in each group were taken for immunohistochemical experiments.Results Compared with the sham group, the heart function of the MI group mice was significantly decreased. After treatment with PTHrP (87-139) , the heart function was significantly improved, while PTHrP (1-84) further reduced the heart function. Masson staining results showed that PTHrP (87-139) significantly reduced the peri-infarction myocardial fibrosis after MI, while PTHrP (1-84) aggravated the degree of myocardial fibrosis. In addition, PTHrP (87-139) significantly increased the peri-infarction microvessel density (MVD) after MI, and the expressions of various relevant vascular factors, while PTHrP (1-84) exerted the opposite effect. Conclusion PTHrP (87-139) promoted angiogenesis in the peripheral area of MI and improved cardiac function, while PTHrP (1-84) exerted the opposite effect.

Background This study was to explore the influencing factors of atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques, so as to identify the vulnerable plaques at early stage, and then find high-risk group of cardio-cerebrovascular events for early clinical intervention to reduce related mortality and disability. Methods A total of 302 enrolled patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques were divided into 3 groups based on the results of carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound: atherosclerotic unstable plaque (UP) group, atherosclerotic stable plaque (SP) group, and control group without plaques. Serum markers were measured by ELISA. χ2 test, t test, Pearson correlation analysis, and Logistic multivariate regression analysis were used in the analysis, and P Results It revealed that high MMP-9, LOX-1and YKL-40 were independent risk factors for unstable plaque formation. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum markers combined with MMP-9, LOX-1 and YKL-40 was 0.850, with sensitivity 87.67%, specificity 81.13%, and diagnostic accuracy 84.92%, which was significantly better than the individual diagnostic efficacy of other three factors. The accuracy rate of Crouse Plaque Score (CPS) in the diagnosis of vulnerable plaques was 61.90%, the 10-year ICVD diagnosis accuracy rate was 56.75%, and the diagnostic accuracy of serum markers was significantly better than CPS and 10-year ICVD. Conclusion Noninvasive cervical color Doppler ultrasound combined with serum markers MMP-9, LOX-1 and YKL-40 have significant early recognition effect on asymptomatic carotid vulnerable plaque patients.

Hyperthyroidism is a common condition that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. A number of meta-analyses (MAs) have assessed the therapeutic measures for hyperthyroidism, including antithyroid drugs, surgery, and radioiodine, however, the methodological quality has not been evaluated. This study evaluated the methodological quality and summarized the evidence obtained from MAs of hyperthyroidism treatments for radioiodine, antithyroid drugs, and surgery. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database databases. Two investigators independently assessed the meta-analyses titles and abstracts for inclusion. Methodological quality was assessed using the validated AMSTAR (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews) tool. A total of 26 MAs fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Based on the AMSTAR scores, the average methodological quality was 8.31, with large variability ranging from 4 to 11. The methodological quality of English meta-analyses was better than that of Chinese meta-analyses. Cochrane reviews had better methodological quality than non-Cochrane reviews due to better study selection and data extraction, the inclusion of unpublished studies, and better reporting of study characteristics. The authors did not report conflicts of interest in 53.8% meta-analyses, and 19.2% did not report the harmful effects of treatment. Publication bias was not assessed in 38.5% of meta-analyses, and 19.2% did not report the follow-up time. Large-scale assessment of methodological quality of meta-analyses of hyperthyroidism treatment highlighted methodological strengths and weaknesses. Consideration of scientific quality when formulating conclusions should be made explicit. Future meta-analyses should improve on reporting conflict of interest.

Till date, some works have reviewed different carbonic systems containing the graphene and its derivatives and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from the perspectives of synthesis and application. However, a wide gap was sensed to systematically categorize the polymer/carbon nanomaterials composed of conductive/dielectric polymers and graphene/graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/CNTs/fullerenes/quantum dots into supramolecular configurations, nanocomposites/networks, nano/microfibers and chemical nanostructures. In each four mentioned subsections, various parts such as kinetics and orientation, supercapacitors, sensors, catalysts, batteries, bioapplications, membranes, transistors, Janus materials, photovoltaics and stability, simulation and modeling, shape memories, water treatment, etc. were included and discussed. The applications of exotic nanostructures were also discussed in detail. In addition, some comparisons were made between different nanomaterials for further clarification.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Aristolochic acid nephropathy is a severe kidney disease caused by the administration of aristolochic acid, which is widely existed in plants of the Aristolochiaceae family. Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is the main toxic component in aristolochic acid. Aim of the study The roles of intestinal efflux drug transporters in the transport of AAI are unclear. This study investigates the interaction between AAI and main intestinal efflux transporters. Materials and Methods Firstly, bidirectional transport of AAI in Caco-2 cell monolayers was investigated. Then, MDCK-MDR1 (gene of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)), MDCK-MRP2 and LLC-PK1-BCRP cell lines were used for further investigation. Results In this study, we observed that the efflux ratio of AAI in Caco-2 cell monolayers was 5.8, which indicated that efflux transporters might be involved in the transport of AAI. AAI did not inhibit Rho123 efflux by P-gp and calcein efflux by MRP2, and intracellular accumulation of AAI in P-gp or MRP2 overexpressing cells was not different from their parental cells. These results indicated that AAI was not a substrate of P-gp or MRP2. In contrast, intracellular accumulation of AAI in LLC-PK1-BCRP cells was significantly lower than in their parental cells. The presence of GF120918, a BCRP inhibitor, significantly increased AAI accumulation in BCRP overexpressing cells but not in their parental cells. In addition, bidirectional transport assay of AAI in LLC-PK1-BCRP monolayers showed that the net efflux ratios of AAI were 13.8, 8.0 and 7.0 at 20, 40 and 80 µM AAI, respectively, and decreased to 3.0, 1.9 and 2.0 by the addition of 10 µM GF120918. Conclusions These results indicated that AAI was a substrate of BCRP but not P-gp or MRP2.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Rhubarb is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and has been used in China for thousands of years. Anthraquinone derivatives including rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and physcion are the important components in rhubarb. Materials and methods Here we studied the interaction of five anthraquinone derivatives with human renal organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) and hOAT3 stably expressed in cells, and interaction of rhein or rhubarb extract (RE) with furosemide (FS, substrate of OATs) in rats. Results Uptake of 6-carboxyl fluorescein via hOAT1 and fluorescein via hOAT3 were markedly inhibited by rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin, and slightly inhibited by chrysophanol and physcion. The estimated IC 50 values for rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin and probenecid (typical inhibitor of hOAT1 and hOAT3) were 0.23, 0.61, 2.29 and 18.34 μM for hOAT1, and 0.08, 1.22, 5.37 and 5.83 μM for hOAT3, respectively. Furthermore, the data from the cellular accumulation assay indicated that these five compounds were not substrates of hOAT1 or hOAT3. Pharmacokinetic interaction between rhein and FS in rats showed that area under the curve (AUC 0– t ) for FS was increased by 65% when coadministrated with rhein. RE was also used to interact with FS in rats and results showed that AUC 0– t of FS was increased by 32% and by 52% when coadministrated with single-dose or multiple-dose of RE, respectively. Conclusions These findings suggested that five anthraquinones inhibited hOAT1 and hOAT3, but these compounds were not transported by hOAT1 or hOAT3. Furthermore, rhein or RE, might cause drug–drug interaction when coadministrated with substrates of OAT1 or OAT3 in vivo.

We previously showed that anthraquinones (including rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) were inhibitors of human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) and hOAT3, causing transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions in rats. In this study, the time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of hOAT1 and hOAT3 by anthraquinones was investigated. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)-hOAT1, HEK293-hOAT3 and their parental cells were used. Preincubation with chrysophanol or physcion for 30 min significantly increased the inhibition of hOAT1, but preincubation with rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin or probenecid had no effect on hOAT1 activity. By contrast, preincubation of hOAT3 with emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol or physcion for 30 min significantly increased its inhibition, but preincubation with rhein or probenecid had no effect on activity. As the incubating time lengthened, from 0 to 60 min, both the inhibition of hOAT1 by chrysophanol and physcion and the inhibition of hOAT3 by emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were observed to increase in a time-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results suggest that some anthraquinones contribute to the TDI of hOAT1 and hOAT3. An inhibition study without the preincubation procedure may underestimate the inhibitory potential of anthraquinones against hOAT1 and hOAT3. The underlying mechanisms of TDI of hOAT1 and hOAT3 need to be further investigated.