Search

Background: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019.Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. Findings: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6–4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4–499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4–225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9–3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1–309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and low-middle SDI countries had the highest age-standardised death and DALYs rates while the high SDI quintile had the highest prevalence rate of CRDs. The highest deaths and DALYs from CRDs were attributed to smoking globally, followed by air pollution and occupational risks. Non-optimal temperature and high body-mass index were additional risk factors for COPD and asthma, respectively.Interpretation: Albeit the age-standardised prevalence, death, and DALYs rates of CRDs have decreased, they still cause a substantial burden and deaths worldwide. The high death and DALYs rates in low and low-middle SDI countries highlights the urgent need for improved preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures. Global strategies for tobacco control, enhancing air quality, reducing occupational hazards, and fostering clean cooking fuels are crucial steps in reducing the burden of CRDs, especially in low- and lower-middle income countries. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Single quantum emitters embedded in solid-state hosts are an ideal platform for realizing quantum information processors and quantum network nodes. Among the currently-investigated candidates, Er$^{3+}$ ions are particularly appealing due to their 1.5 $\mu$m optical transition in the telecom band as well as their long spin coherence times. However, the long lifetimes of the excited state -- generally in excess of 1 ms -- along with the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transition result in significant challenges. Photon emission rates are prohibitively small, and different emitters generally create photons with distinct spectra, thereby preventing multi-photon interference -- a requirement for building large-scale, multi-node quantum networks. Here we solve this challenge by demonstrating for the first time linear Stark tuning of the emission frequency of a single Er$^{3+}$ ion. Our ions are embedded in a lithium niobate crystal and couple evanescently to a silicon nano-photonic crystal cavity that provides an up to 143 increase of the measured decay rate. By applying an electric field along the crystal c-axis, we achieve a Stark tuning greater than the ion's linewidth without changing the single-photon emission statistics of the ion. These results are a key step towards rare earth ion-based quantum networks.

With the development of the online education system, personalized education recommendation has played an essential role. In this paper, we focus on developing path recommendation systems that aim to generating and recommending an entire learning path to the given user in each session. Noticing that existing approaches fail to consider the correlations of concepts in the path, we propose a novel framework named Set-to-Sequence Ranking-based Concept-aware Learning Path Recommendation (SRC), which formulates the recommendation task under a set-to-sequence paradigm. Specifically, we first design a concept-aware encoder module which can capture the correlations among the input learning concepts. The outputs are then fed into a decoder module that sequentially generates a path through an attention mechanism that handles correlations between the learning and target concepts. Our recommendation policy is optimized by policy gradient. In addition, we also introduce an auxiliary module based on knowledge tracing to enhance the model's stability by evaluating students' learning effects on learning concepts. We conduct extensive experiments on two real-world public datasets and one industrial dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of SRC. Code will be available at https://gitee.com/mindspore/models/tree/master/research/recommend/SRC.

Random functional-linked types of neural networks (RFLNNs), e.g., the extreme learning machine (ELM) and broad learning system (BLS), which avoid suffering from a time-consuming training process, offer an alternative way of learning in deep structure. The RFLNNs have achieved excellent performance in various classification and regression tasks, however, the properties and explanations of these networks are ignored in previous research. This paper gives some insights into the properties of RFLNNs from the viewpoints of frequency domain, and discovers the presence of frequency principle in these networks, that is, they preferentially capture low-frequencies quickly and then fit the high frequency components during the training process. These findings are valuable for understanding the RFLNNs and expanding their applications. Guided by the frequency principle, we propose a method to generate a BLS network with better performance, and design an efficient algorithm for solving Poison's equation in view of the different frequency principle presenting in the Jacobi iterative method and BLS network., Comment: 9 pages,14 figures

The China Space Station Telescope (CSST) will enter a low Earth orbit around 2024 and operate for 10 years, with seven of those years devoted to surveying the area of the median-to-high Galactic latitude and median-to-high Ecliptic latitude of the sky. To maximize the scientific output of CSST, it is important to optimize the survey schedule. We aim to evaluate the astrometric capability of CSST for a given survey schedule and to provide independent suggestions for the optimization of the survey strategy. For this purpose, we first construct the astrometric model and then conduct simulated observations based on the given survey schedule. The astrometric solution is obtained by analyzing the simulated observation data. And then we evaluate the astrometric capability of CSST by analyzing the properties of the astrometric solution. We find that the accuracy of parallax and proper motion of CSST is better than 1 mas( yr1) for the sources of 18-22 mag in g band, and about 1-10 mas( yr1) for the sources of 22-26 mag in g band, respectively. The results from real survey could be worse since the assumptions are optimistic and simple. We find that optimizing the survey schedule can improve the astrometric accuracy of CSST. In the future, we will improve the astrometric capability of CSST by continuously iterating and optimizing the survey schedule., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures

Recommender systems (RS) play important roles to match users' information needs for Internet applications. In natural language processing (NLP) domains, large language model (LLM) has shown astonishing emergent abilities (e.g., instruction following, reasoning), thus giving rise to the promising research direction of adapting LLM to RS for performance enhancements and user experience improvements. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey on this research direction from an application-oriented view. We first summarize existing research works from two orthogonal perspectives: where and how to adapt LLM to RS. For the "WHERE" question, we discuss the roles that LLM could play in different stages of the recommendation pipeline, i.e., feature engineering, feature encoder, scoring/ranking function, and pipeline controller. For the "HOW" question, we investigate the training and inference strategies, resulting in two fine-grained taxonomy criteria, i.e., whether to tune LLMs or not, and whether to involve conventional recommendation model (CRM) for inference. Detailed analysis and general development trajectories are provided for both questions, respectively. Then, we highlight key challenges in adapting LLM to RS from three aspects, i.e., efficiency, effectiveness, and ethics. Finally, we summarize the survey and discuss the future prospects. We also actively maintain a GitHub repository for papers and other related resources in this rising direction: https://github.com/CHIANGEL/Awesome-LLM-for-RecSys., Comment: 15 pages; 3 figures; summarization table in appendix

Diffusion model (DM), as a powerful generative model, recently achieved huge success in various scenarios including offline reinforcement learning, where the policy learns to conduct planning by generating trajectory in the online evaluation. However, despite the effectiveness shown for single-agent learning, it remains unclear how DMs can operate in multi-agent problems, where agents can hardly complete teamwork without good coordination by independently modeling each agent's trajectories. In this paper, we propose MADiff, a novel generative multi-agent learning framework to tackle this problem. MADiff is realized with an attention-based diffusion model to model the complex coordination among behaviors of multiple diffusion agents. To the best of our knowledge, MADiff is the first diffusion-based multi-agent offline RL framework, which behaves as both a decentralized policy and a centralized controller, which includes opponent modeling and can be used for multi-agent trajectory prediction. MADiff takes advantage of the powerful generative ability of diffusion while well-suited in modeling complex multi-agent interactions. Our experiments show the superior performance of MADiff compared to baseline algorithms in a range of multi-agent learning tasks., Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables

Unfavorable geological phenomena such as fault development and weak surrounding rocks are the common challenges encountered in tunnel excavation. However, the conventional rock mass classification method is complex, and the data obtained through disturbed rock samples cannot be used to dynamically and accurately class the surrounding rock in real time. In this study, discrete element method (DEM) is applied to simulate the rock-breaking process by pneumatic rock drill, and the drilling parameters of the surrounding rocks with different classes including drilling rate, vibration acceleration, and vibration frequency, are acquired during the excavation. The simulation results are verified through the data obtained by field tests in Luoping tunnel and Zilinshan tunnel of the Sandu Expressway in Guizhou province, China. Furthermore, a standard database for the dynamic classification of surrounding rocks is established. The numerical simulations reveal a good correlation between the average drilling rate, vibration acceleration, and vibration frequency of drill bit and the class of surrounding rock, and these factors can be used as dynamic evaluation indices for advanced geological prediction during tunnel construction. Overall, the results can serve as a useful reference for advanced geological prediction and dynamic classification of surrounding rocks during the construction of tunnels.

This paper proposes a mem-computing model of memristive network-based genetic algorithm (MNGA) by building up the relationship between the memristive network (MN) and the genetic algorithm (GA), and a new edge detection algorithm where image pixels are defined as individuals of population. First, the computing model of MNGA is designed to perform mem-computing, which brings new possibility of the hardware implementation of GA. Secondly, MNGA-based edge detection integrating image filter and GA operator deployed by MN is proposed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the figure of merit (FoM) of our model is better than the latest memris-tor-based swarm intelligence. In summary, a new way is found to build proper matching of memristor to GA and aid image edge detection.

This supplementary material contains five parts. The directory named "COR_RAYLEIGH" contains the ambient noise cross-correlation waveforms of the Rayleigh wave. The directory named "COR_LOVE" contains the ambient noise cross-correlation waveforms of theLovewave. The directory named "DISP_RAYLEIGH" contains the surface wave dispersion curves measured from the cross-correlation waveform of the Rayleigh wave. The directory named "DISP_LOVE" contains the surface wave dispersion curves measured from the cross-correlation waveform of the LOVEwave. The directory named "3DRadialAnisotropyVelocityModel" is the final three-dimensional radial anisotropic shear wavevelocity model in northeastern Tibet and its surrounding area.

Spininola yongdingensis Huang, Yu & Hu, 2021 (Figs 7–9) Spininola yongdingensis Huang, Yu & Hu, 2021: 485. Type-locality: Yongding, Hunan Prov., China. Specimens examined. 1 male, Dongkou county, 587 m, Shaoyang, Hunan Prov., 21.vii.2021, coll. Yan-Qing Hu & Yong Yu; 1 male, Yuqing county, 777 m, Zunyi, Guizhou Prov., 28.vii.2021, coll. Yan-Qing Hu & Yong Yu; 1 male, Yuqing county, Zunyi, Guizhou Prov., 31.vii.2021, coll. Yan-Qing Hu & Yong Yu. Distribution. China (Guizhou, Hunan). Remark. This is a new record from Prov. Guizhou., Published as part of Huang, Zhen-Fu, Yu, Yong & Hu, Yan-Qing, 2022, Description of a new species of Spininola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae), with new records of Spininola in China, pp. 598-600 in Zootaxa 5195 (6) on page 600, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7223992, {"references":["Huang, Z. F., Yu, Y. & Hu, Y. Q. (2021) Two new species and a new record of the genus Spininola Laszlo, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 from China (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae). Zootaxa, 5047 (4), 484 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5047.4.8"]}

Spininola yuqingensis sp. n. (Figs 1–3) Type material. Holotype. male, Yuqing county, 876 m, Zunyi, Guizhou Prov., 23–24.vii.2021, coll. Yan-Qing Hu & Yong Yu. Paratypes. 3 males, with the same data as the holotype; 2 males, Yuqing county, 777 m, Zunyi, Guizhou Prov., 31.vii.2021, coll. Yan-Qing Hu & Yong Yu; 4 males, Yuqing county, 876 m, Zunyi, Guizhou Prov., 29.vii.2021, coll. YanQing Hu & Yong Yu. Diagnosis. The new species resembles Spininola nepali László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2014 by the forewing patterns, but the two species can be easily distinguished by the configurations of the male genitalia. Compared with S. nepali, the new species has a slender uncus, a wide distally and long dorsal lobe of valva and a slightly sclerotized ventral lobe of valva. Spininola nepali has a short and pointed uncus, a short dorsal lobe of valva with a parallel margin distally and a short ventral lobe of valva with a strongly sclerotized and curved margin. Description. Adult (Fig. 1). Wingspan 14–17 mm. Head grayish white; antenna brown, bipectinate in male; labial palpus short, stretched forward, mostly covered with grayish scales. Thorax brown, collar gray. Abdomen brown. Forewing ground color grayish brown, costal margin brown from medial line to wing base, vein Sc black from antemedial line to wing base, terminal area pale brown; basal line undistinguished; antemedial line blackish brown; medial line poorly visible; postmedial line wavy, formed with black dots; subterminal line wavy, formed with black and short lines; terminal line blackish brown; cilia reddish brown. Hindwing unicolorous, grayish brown; discal spot gray. Male genitalia (Figs 2 & 3). Uncus slender, pointed at apex, almost as long as the spines located at top of ventral lobe of valva; tegumen thin, about 3x as long as uncus; valva divided at base; dorsal lobe broad distally, slender at base, two thirds sclerotized at costal margin; ventral lobe slightly sclerotized with parallel margin, a spine located at apex; harpe slender, S-shaped, sclerotized; sacculus 1/3x as long as the ventral lobe of valva; saccus small and V-shaped. Aedeagus long, slightly twisted; vesica without cornuti; coecum almost 1/5 × as long as aedeagus. Female. Unknown. Distribution. China (Guizhou). Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of the type-locality., Published as part of Huang, Zhen-Fu, Yu, Yong & Hu, Yan-Qing, 2022, Description of a new species of Spininola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae), with new records of Spininola in China, pp. 598-600 in Zootaxa 5195 (6) on page 598, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7223992, {"references":["Laszlo, G. M., Ronkay, G. & Ronkay, L. (2014) Review of the genus Spininola Laszlo, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Nolidae, Nolini) with description of seven new species. Fibigeriana Supplement, 2, 119 - 125."]}

Spininola subvesiculalis Hu, Wang & Han, 2012 (Figs 4–6) Spininola subvesiculalis Hu, Wang & Han, 2012: 85. Type-locality: Donglashan, Sichuan Prov., China. Specimens examined. 3 males, Nayong county, 1731 m, Bijie, Guizhou Prov., 2.viii.2021, coll. Yan-Qing Hu & Yong Yu. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Guangdong, Guizhou). Remark. This is a new record from Prov. Guizhou., Published as part of Huang, Zhen-Fu, Yu, Yong & Hu, Yan-Qing, 2022, Description of a new species of Spininola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae), with new records of Spininola in China, pp. 598-600 in Zootaxa 5195 (6) on page 600, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7223992

Huang, Zhen-Fu, Yu, Yong, Hu, Yan-Qing (2022): Description of a new species of Spininola László, Ronkay & Witt, 2010 (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae), with new records of Spininola in China. Zootaxa 5195 (6): 598-600, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.8

Spininola yuqingensis sp. n. (Figs 1–3) Type material. Holotype. male, Yuqing county, 876 m, Zunyi, Guizhou Prov., 23–24.vii.2021, coll. Yan-Qing Hu & Yong Yu. Paratypes. 3 males, with the same data as the holotype; 2 males, Yuqing county, 777 m, Zunyi, Guizhou Prov., 31.vii.2021, coll. Yan-Qing Hu & Yong Yu; 4 males, Yuqing county, 876 m, Zunyi, Guizhou Prov., 29.vii.2021, coll. YanQing Hu & Yong Yu. Diagnosis. The new species resembles Spininola nepali László, Ronkay & Ronkay, 2014 by the forewing patterns, but the two species can be easily distinguished by the configurations of the male genitalia. Compared with S. nepali, the new species has a slender uncus, a wide distally and long dorsal lobe of valva and a slightly sclerotized ventral lobe of valva. Spininola nepali has a short and pointed uncus, a short dorsal lobe of valva with a parallel margin distally and a short ventral lobe of valva with a strongly sclerotized and curved margin. Description. Adult (Fig. 1). Wingspan 14–17 mm. Head grayish white; antenna brown, bipectinate in male; labial palpus short, stretched forward, mostly covered with grayish scales. Thorax brown, collar gray. Abdomen brown. Forewing ground color grayish brown, costal margin brown from medial line to wing base, vein Sc black from antemedial line to wing base, terminal area pale brown; basal line undistinguished; antemedial line blackish brown; medial line poorly visible; postmedial line wavy, formed with black dots; subterminal line wavy, formed with black and short lines; terminal line blackish brown; cilia reddish brown. Hindwing unicolorous, grayish brown; discal spot gray. Male genitalia (Figs 2 & 3). Uncus slender, pointed at apex, almost as long as the spines located at top of ventral lobe of valva; tegumen thin, about 3x as long as uncus; valva divided at base; dorsal lobe broad distally, slender at base, two thirds sclerotized at costal margin; ventral lobe slightly sclerotized with parallel margin, a spine located at apex; harpe slender, S-shaped, sclerotized; sacculus 1/3x as long as the ventral lobe of valva; saccus small and V-shaped. Aedeagus long, slightly twisted; vesica without cornuti; coecum almost 1/5 × as long as aedeagus. Female. Unknown. Distribution. China (Guizhou). Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of the type-locality.

Occult breast cancer is an uncommon type of breast cancer. Metastases of occult breast cancer to other tissues are rather rare. We present a rare case of thyroid metastases in a 46-year-old woman who underwent occult breast cancer. The first ultrasound (US) examination of the thyroid showed that the left lobe was enlarged but had normal thyroid function. At first, this case was misdiagnosed as thyroiditis based on the thyroid US features. However, the cytological and histological results showed that nests of the neoplastic cells were found. Further immunohistochemistry results confirmed that these neoplasms were derived from breast tissue. Analysis using the successive US scans revealed that the sizes and echo of the thyroid repeatedly changed after the radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of occult breast carcinoma presenting with thyroid metastases. This case can easily be misdiagnosed as thyroiditis due to the metastasis area not manifesting as regular suspicious nodules or diffused punctate calcifications.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been demonstrated as a renewable energy strategy to efficiently recover chemical energy stored in wastewater into clean electricity, yet the limited power density limits their practical application. Here, Fe-doped carbon and nitrogen (Fe@CN) nanoparticles were synthesized by a direct pyrolysis process, which was further decorated to fabricate Fe@CN carbon paper anode. The modified Fe@CN anode with a higher electrochemically active surface area was not only benefit for the adhesion of electrochemically active microorganisms (EAMs) and extracellular electron transfer (EET) between the anode and EAMs but also selectively enriched Geobacter, a typical EAMs species. Accordingly, the MFCs with Fe@CN anode successfully achieved a highest voltage output of 792.76 mV and a prolonged stable voltage output of 300 h based on the mixed culture feeding with acetate. Most importantly, the electroactive biofilms on Fe@CN anode achieved more content ratio of proteins to polysaccharides (1.40) in extracellular polymeric substances for the balance between EET and cell protection under a harsh environment. This work demonstrated the feasibility of development on anode catalysts for the elaboration of the catalytic principle about interface modification, which may contribute to the practical application of MFC in energy generation and wastewater treatment.

This chapter presents the existing techniques for data acquisition and data preprocessing in general; while the adoption of selected artificial intelligence models for solving the problems in different industries, such as thin‐film‐transistor liquid‐crystal display, solar cell, semiconductor, automotive, aerospace, chemical, and bottle industries. The analog‐to‐digital converter connects to various sensors installed on the equipment side to convert analog sensing signals into digital signals via its analog input/output ports. The chapter presents various sensing techniques and the issues of sensor selection and installation. The goal of data preprocessing is to eliminate the noise imbedded in the signal and extract key‐feature related information. Data preprocessing consists of three steps: segmentation, cleaning, and feature extraction. The chapter demonstrates four practical examples using real‐world data to validate techniques of data acquisition and data preprocessing. These include: detrending of the thermal effect in strain gauge data, automated segmentation of signal data, tool state diagnosis, and tool diagnosis using loading data.

The computational efficiency of the traditional serial spherical discontinuous deformation analysis (SDDA) program has limited its application in geotechnical engineering problems that need a large number of spheres. The cloud computing technology is used to parallel the SDDA program for the first time in this research. The most computationally intensive portions of the SDDA program, i.e., contact detection and matrix solution, are parallelized with proposed algorithms. The accuracy of the cloud-based parallel SDDA program (CB-PSDDA) is verified first. Further efficiency tests show that significant speedup can be obtained with an 8-server configuration and the computing scale can be up to several tens of thousands of particles. The cloud-based parallelized SDDA program increases its potential in applications of deformation and failure analysis of large-scale and realistic geotechnical engineering problems.

Introduction Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) swept rapidly throughout the world. So far, no therapeutics have yet proven to be effective. Ribavirin was recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in China because of its in vitro activity. However, evidence supporting its clinical use with good efficacy is still lacking. Methods A total of 208 confirmed severe COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Wuhan Union West Campus between 1 February 2020 and 10 March 2020 were enrolled in the retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of ribavirin. The primary endpoint was the time to clinical improvement. The secondary endpoints included mortality, survival time, time to throat swab SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negative conversion, and the length of hospital stay. Results 68 patients were treated with ribavirin while 140 not. There were no significant between-group differences in demographic characteristics, baseline laboratory test results, treatment, and distribution of ordinal scale scores at enrollment, except for coexisting diseases especially cancer (ribavirin group vs no ribavirin group, P = 0.01). Treatment with ribavirin was not associated with a difference in the time to clinical improvement (P = 0.48, HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.63–1.25). There were also no significant differences between-group in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negative conversion, mortality, survival time, and the length of hospital stay. Conclusions In hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19, no significant benefit was observed with ribavirin treatment.

Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer are classified by the WHO (2019) into low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), and eminence lesions are adenomas. Gastric adenoma is a benign tumor of the stomach, which is more commonly located in the gastric antrum and gastric body. Usually, there is no obvious clinical manifestation. A 48-year-old man with intermittent abdominal bloating for four months to our hospital. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a 1.2 cm superficial elevated lesion in the anterior wall of the upper gastric body. The lesion had a whitish color and coarse surface. Biopsy revealed a low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy revealed a clear demarcation line with an irregular microsurface pattern. Detection of Helicobacter by the 13C-urea breath test was positive. The patient underwent an endoscopic resection. Histological results revealed gastric adenoma with mixed fundic and pyloric mucosa type, with HGIN. The lesion contained three types of cells: pyloric gland, fundus gland and foveolar epithelium. Helicobacter pylori detection was negative in the lesion. The present case demonstrates a new histological subtype of gastric adenoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of gastric adenoma with mixed fundic and pyloric mucosa cell types.

Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is associated with serious complication and high risk of mortality. The relationship between hemostatic system and the prognosis of patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative serum fibrinogen level and risk of postoperative AKI in patients with ATAAD. Methods A total of 172 consecutive patients undergoing urgent aortic arch surgery for ATAAD between April 2020 and December 2021 were identified from Beijing Anzhen Hospital aortic surgery database. The primary outcome was postoperative AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were done to assess the independent predictors of risk for postoperative AKI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the predictive probabilities of risk factors for AKI. Results In our study, 51.2% (88/172) patients developed postoperative AKI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified low preoperative serum fibrinogen level (OR, 1.492; 95% CI, 1.023 to 2.476; p = 0.021) and increased body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.153; 95% CI, 1.003 to 1.327; p = 0.046) as independent predictors of postoperative AKI in patients with ATAAD. A mixed effect analysis of variance modeling revealed that obese patients with low preoperative serum fibrinogen level had higher incidence of postoperative AKI (p = 0.04). The ROC curve indicated that low preoperative serum fibrinogen level was a significant predictor of AKI [area under the curve (AUC), 0.771; p Conclusions Low preoperative serum fibrinogen level and obesity were associated with the risk of postoperative AKI in patients with ATAAD. These data suggested that low preoperative serum fibrinogen level was preferred marker for predicting the postoperative AKI, especially in obese patients with ATAAD.

C-aryl glycosides are popular basic skeletons in biochemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herein, ruthenium-catalyzed highly stereo- and site-selective ortho- and meta-C

In the mining process of deep coal mines with a thick and hard roof, it is easy to form a large overhanging roof and accumulate a lot of strain energy. The sudden breaking of the suspended roof may induce seisms, which seriously threaten the safety of underground miners and equipment. To reveal the mechanism of weakening the thick and hard roof by blasting in deep mining, the four times deep-hole blasting in 63upper06 panel of Dongtan coal mine are considered. First, the temporal and spatial distribution of seismicity events monitored before and after blasting is investigated. Second, the process of deep-hole blasting is simulated using finite element and discrete element methods. After blasting, the small-energy mining-induced seismicities within 20 m of the roof suddenly increase and gradually transfer to the mined-out area and the front of the working face. Meanwhile, the high rock stratum is broken and a large amount of strain energy is released, which causes the range of fall zone enlarge a lot, and the stress in the roof is decreased obviously. With the increase in the number of deep-hole blasting, the pressure relief effect becomes more obvious, and the newly developed fracture is mainly located in the low strata. Microseismic monitoring results agree with the calculated results. Moreover, the rock caving steps are easily formed after deep-hole blasting, and the collapse is more sufficient. Furthermore, blasting cracks are most restrained in the vertical direction of the maximum principal stress. Moreover, the delayed blasting method is more conducive to the expansion and penetration of blasting cracks. Results show that the deep-hole blasting technology has a significant effect on weakening the roof of coal seam and preventing and controlling large-energy mining-induced seismicities.

Efficient and practical methods for predicting the risk of malignancy in patients with pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs) are lacking.To establish a nomogram-based online calculator for predicting the risk of malignancy in patients with PCNs.In this study, the clinicopathological data of target patients in three medical centers were analyzed. The independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or chi-squared test were used as appropriate for statistical analysis. After univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, five independent factors were screened and incorporated to develop a calculator for predicting the risk of malignancy. Finally, the concordance index (C-index), calibration, area under the curve, decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves were used to evaluate the performance of the calculator.Enhanced mural nodules [odds ratio (OR): 4.314; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.618-11.503,The calculator demonstrates optimal predictive performance for identifying the risk of malignancy, potentially yielding a personalized method for patient selection and decision-making in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND A prostatic stromal tumor is deemed to be a rare oncology condition. Based on the retrospective analysis of clinical data and scientific literature review, a case of prostatic stromal tumor was reported in this article to explore the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this rare disease. CASE SUMMARY The present case involved an older male patient who was admitted to our department for a medical consultation of dysuria. Serum prostate-specific antigen was 8.30 ng/mL, Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging suggested evident enlargement of the prostate and multiple cystic developments internally. Considering that the patient was an elderly male with a poor health status, transurethral resection of the prostate was performed to improve the symptoms of urinary tract obstruction. Furthermore, based on histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining, the patient was pathologically diagnosed with prostatic stromal tumor. The patient did not receive any further adjuvant therapy following surgery leading to a clinical recommendation that the patient should be followed up on a long-term basis. However, during the recent follow-up assessment, the patient demonstrated recurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms and gross hematuria. CONCLUSION Referring to scientific literature review, we believe that the management of these lesions requires a thorough assessment of the patient. Furthermore, the treatment of prostate stromal tumors should be based on the imaging examination and pathological classification. Active surgical treatment is of great significance to the prognosis of patients, and subsequent surveillance after the treatment is warranted.