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BACKGROUND: Epidemiological surveys on heart failure (HF) in Chinese community are relatively lacking. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HF among community residents in southern China. METHODS: Baseline data of this prospective study was collected from 2015 to 2017 among 12,013 permanent residents aged ≥ 35 years in Guangzhou, China. The same survey process was carried out for individuals aged ≥ 65 years after a three-year follow-up. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HF in community residents aged ≥ 35 years was 1.06%. Male had significantly higher risk of HF prevalence [odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, P = 0.027]. The gender-adjusted risk of HF was 1.48 times higher per 10 years aging. HF prevalence was statistically associated with atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after adjusting for age and gender (OR = 8.30, 5.17, 1.11, 2.28, respectively; all P < 0.05). HF incidence in individuals aged ≥ 65 years were 847 per 100,000 person-years. Baseline atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, and diabetes mellitus were risk factors for HF incidence for individuals aged ≥ 65 years adjusting for age and gender (OR = 5.05, 3.99, 2.11, respectively; all P < 0.05). Besides, residents with new-onset atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction were at significantly higher risk of progression to HF (OR = 14.41, 8.54, respectively; all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both pre-existing and new-onset cardiovascular diseases were associated with HF incidence in southern China. Management of related cardiovascular diseases may be helpful to reduce the incidence of HF.

We developed a catalytic system-controlled tunable strategy for the divergent synthesis of cinnolines and pyrazolo[1,2-a]cinnolines via the rhodium-catalyzed [4 + 2] cyclization of easily available pyrazolidinones and iodonium ylides.

The merger of strain-release of 1,2-oxazetidines with carboxylic acid directed C-H activation in catalytic synthesis of isoindolinones is reported for the first time. This reaction opens a new and sustainable avenue to prepare a range of structurally diverse isoindolinone skeletons from readily available benzoic acids. The success of late-stage functionalization of some bioactive acids, and concise synthesis of biologically important skeletons demonstrated its great synthetic potential in drug discovery. Mechanistic studies indicated a plausible C-H activation/β-carbon elimination/intramolecular cyclization cascade pathway.

A convenient DMAP-catalysed decarboxylative amination of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids is developed under transition-metal-free conditions. This reaction allows the sustainable synthesis of a wide range of aryl and alkyl amines in useful to good yields, avoiding the use of any activating reagent, transition-metal catalyst and external oxidant. The late-stage modification of bioactive acids and concise synthesis of carbamate and ureas demonstrated the synthetic potential of this methodology.

A facile ruthenium-catalysed C–H/C–N bond activation and the subsequent annulation of readily available benzoic acids with in situ generated formaldimines are reported. The choice of solvent and base is critical for this reaction. This protocol allows the efficient synthesis of a wide range of biologically important isoindolinones in useful to excellent yields without the use of any external oxidants. The late-stage modification of bioactive acids such as adapalene, bexarotene and flufenamic acid demonstrated the synthetic utility of this methodology.

A purification system was constructed with the N-segment of the Npu DnaE split intein as an affinity ligand immobilized onto an epoxy-activated medium and the C-segment used as the cleavable tag fusing target protein. The affinity properties of C-tagged proteins adsorbed on IN affinity chromatography medium were studied with GFP as a model target protein. The saturated adsorption capacity and dynamic adsorption capacity reached 51.9–21.0 mg mL−1, respectively. With this system, two model proteins, GFP and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), has been successfully taglessly purified with regulation of Zn2+ and DTT. The yield, purification factor and purity of purified tagless GFP reached 39, 11.7 and 97%, respectively; while these values for purified tagless ADH were 38.2, 6.8 and 91%, respectively. These results showed that the system for Npu DnaE split intein-mediated affinity adsorption and in situ cleavage is a potential platform for recombinant protein production.

Siniperca chuatsi feeds on live fry throughout their life. The sustainable development of its farming industry has urgently necessitated the development of artificial diets to substitute live baits. It has been demonstrated that gut microbiota assists in feed adaptation and improves the feed conversion rate in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the potential role of intestinal microorganisms in the domestication of S. chuatsi with a compound diet. Accordingly, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbial communities in S. chuatsi groups that were fed a compound diet (including large and small individuals) and live baits. A total of 2,471 OTUs were identified, and the large individual group possessed the highest number of unique OTUs. The α-diversity index of the gut microbiota in groups that were fed a compound diet was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the live bait group. There were no significant differences in the α-diversity between the large and small individual groups. However, relatively higher numbers of Lactococcus, Klebsiella, and Woeseia were observed in the intestines of the large individual group. Prediction of the metabolic function of the microbiota among these three fish groups by Tax4Fun revealed that most metabolic pathways, such as glycan metabolism and amino acid metabolism, were typically more enriched for the larger individuals. The results indicated that certain taxa mentioned above exist in large individuals and may be closely related to the digestion and absorption of compound diets. The present study provides a basis for understanding the utilization mechanism of artificial feed by S. chuatsi.

We report magnetotransport measurements in the NbN/ magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 (MBT)/ NbN junction at low temperature. At 10 mK, the nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of the junction shows a tunneling behavior, indicating the existence of interfacial potential barriers within the heterostructure. Under an out of plane perpendicular magnetic field, a transition from negative to positive magnetoresistance (MR) is found when increasing the bias voltage. A proximity-induced superconducting gap is estimated to be 0.1meV by a pair of differential resistance dips. Moreover, the induced gap is enhanced by gradually tuning the Fermi level toward the charge neutral point by a back gate voltage, which is ascribed to the increased transport contribution of the topological surface states in MBT. Intriguingly, the induced gap exhibits an anomalous magnetic field assisted enhancement, which may originate from the spin orbit coupling and magnetic order of MBT. Our results reveal the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in MBT, paving the way for further studies on topological superconductivity and chiral Majorana edge modes in quantum anomalous Hall insulator/superconductor hybrid systems., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures

Background Heterosis is widely used in many crops and is important for global food safety, and maize is one of the most successful crops to take advantage of heterosis. Gene expression patterns control the development of the maize ear, but the mechanisms by which heterosis affects transcriptional-level control are not fully understood. Results In this study, we sampled ear inflorescence meristems (IMs) from the single-segment substitution maize (Zea mays) line lx9801hlEW2b, which contains the heterotic locus hlEW2b associated with ear width, as well as the receptor parent lx9801, the test parent Zheng58, and their corresponding hybrids Zheng58 × lx9801hlEW2b (HY) and Zheng58 × lx9801 (CK). After RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis, 2531 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two hybrids (HY vs. CK). Our results showed that approximately 64% and 48% of DEGs exhibited additive expression in HY and CK, whereas the other genes displayed a non-additive expression pattern. The DEGs were significantly enriched in GO functional categories of multiple metabolic processes, plant organ morphogenesis, and hormone regulation. These essential processes are potentially associated with heterosis performance during the maize ear developmental stage. In particular, 125 and 100 DEGs from hybrids with allele-specific expression (ASE) were specifically identified in HY and CK, respectively. Comparison between the two hybrids suggested that ASE genes were involved in different development-related processes that may lead to the hybrid vigor phenotype during maize ear development. In addition, several critical genes involved in auxin metabolism and IM development were differentially expressed between the hybrids and showed various expression patterns (additive, non-additive, and ASE). Changes in the expression levels of these genes may lead to differences in auxin homeostasis in the IM, affecting the transcription of core genes such as WUS that control IM development. Conclusions Our research suggests that additive, non-additive, and allele-specific expression patterns may fine-tune the expression of crucial DEGs that modulate carbohydrate and protein metabolic processes, nitrogen assimilation, and auxin metabolism to optimal levels, and these transcriptional changes may play important roles in maize ear heterosis. The results provide new information that increases our understanding of the relationship between transcriptional variation and heterosis during maize ear development, which may be helpful for clarifying the genetic and molecular mechanisms of heterosis.

Alcohols and carboxylic acids have been established as versatile building blocks in the assembly of various carbon frameworks. The deoxygenative functionalisation is one of the most attractive approaches for the conversion of these abundant materials into high-value products. However, the direct deoxygenative transformation under mild conditions has long been a challenging task in organic synthesis due to the lack of efficient methods for the activation of strong C–O bonds (102 kcal mol−1). Recently, the strategy of visible light photocatalytic phosphoranyl radical fragmentation provides a novel and powerful platform for C–O, N–O and SO bond activation. This highlight mainly discusses recent breakthroughs in phosphoranyl radical-mediated deoxygenative functionalisations of alcohols, carboxylic acids, oximes and sulfoxides with a particular emphasis on reaction scopes and mechanism.

Extensive studies have been conducted to diagnose and predict students' academic performance by analyzing a large amount of data related to their learning behaviors in a blended learning environmen...

This study deals with the fault-tolerant control problem for a class of two independent wheeled mobile robot systems with actuator faults and unknown robot parameters. Partial loss of control effectiveness and bias-actuator faults are addressed without knowing eventually faulty information of actuators. Adaptive schemes are developed to estimate unknown faulty parameters of actuator faults and unknown robot parameters of viscous friction factor and driving gain. Then, the backstepping control technique is utilised to construct the state feed-back control strategy based on the adaptive estimations. By using the Lyapunov stability theory, it is shown that the forward speed and azimuthal angle of wheeled mobile robots can track the given trajectory asymptotically in the case of actuator faults and unknown parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed designs is illustrated via a mobile robot system.

Attempts to the construction of B/C ring and E ring in melotenine A are described. Based on para-dienone chemistry, a tactical application of tandem aminolysis/aza-Michael addition reaction was made to access highly functionalized building blocks with the pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole tetracyclic unit (A/B/C/D ring). Albeit negative results for assembling the dihydroazepine unit (E ring) by using the proposed fragmentation reaction of gem-dihalocyclopropanes, an alternative strategy based on ring closing metathesis was evolved to forge the E ring possessing a twisted 1,3-diene unit embedded in the rigid skeleton of melotenine A.

A new tandem annulation of

The LHCb Collaboration announced the observation of doubly charmed baryon through $\Xi_{c c}^{++} \rightarrow \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-} \pi^{+} \pi^{+}$ in 2017. Since then, a series of studies of doubly heavy baryons have been presented. $\Xi_{cc}^{++}$ was discovered through nonleptonic four-body decay mode, and experimental data has indicated that the decay modes of $\Xi_{c c}^{++}$ are not saturated by two and three-body intermediate states. In this work, we analyze the four-body weak decays of doubly heavy baryons $\Xi_{cc}^{++}, \Xi_{cc}^+$, and $\Omega_{cc}^+$. Decay amplitudes for various channels are parametrized in terms of SU(3) irreducible amplitudes. We point out that branching fractions for Cabibbo-allowed processes $\Xi_{cc}^{+}\to\Lambda_c^+\pi^+ \pi^0 K^-$, $\Omega_{cc}^{+}\to\Lambda_c^+\pi^+ \overline K^0 K^-$ would be helpful to search for $\Xi_{cc}^+$ and $\Omega_{cc}^+$ in future measurements at experimental facilities like LHC, Belle II, and CEPC., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures and 3 tables

Alpinia conchigera Griffith (1851: 424) (Figs. 1B, 2C & D, 3) Type: MALAYSIA. Malacca, April 1863, W. Griffith 5700 (holotype: K barcode K000292388 [digital image!], isotype: P barcode P00686637 [digital image!]). Alpinia laosensis auct. non Gagnepain: P. H. H ��� (2000: 441)., Published as part of Ye, Xing-Er, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Souvannakhoummane, Keooudone, Nguyen, Quoc Binh & Chen, Juan, 2021, Alpinia laosensis, the correct name for a species previously misidentified as A. conchigera, pp. 129-141 in Phytotaxa 508 (2) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5425906, {"references":["Griffith, W. (1851) Scitamineae. In: Griffith, W. & McClelland, J. (Eds.) Notulae ad Plantas Asiaticas, Vol. 5. Bishop's college Press, Calcutta, pp. 412 - 436."]}

Alpinia laosensis Gagnepain (1906: 133) (Figs. 1A, 2A & B, 3) Type: LAOS, without precise locality, Pavie 18 (holotype: P barcode P032692 [digital image!]). Alpinia conchigera auct. non Griffith: Wu & Chen (1978: 36, 1981: 97); Tong (1997: 613); Wu & Larsen (2000: 336). Herb 1.5���2.0 m high. Clump-forming, with 10���20 pseudostems per clump. Leafy shoot composed of ca. 17 leaves. Leaf sheaths striate, tomentose. Ligule entire, 5���8 mm long, tomentose or glabrous. Petiole 5���14 mm long, tomentose. Lamina lanceolate, 20���30 �� 7���10 cm, apex acute, base obtuse, lateral vein densely prominent when dry, glabrous except margins ciliate and midvein pubescent abaxially. Inflorescence panicle and cincinnate, 20���30 cm long, usually 1- or 2-branched, secondary branches many and short, 1.5���2.8 cm long, with 4���7 bracteoles. Peduncle green, pubescent. Peduncular bract 1���2, lanceolate, 8���17 cm long, brown, persistent. Fertile bract inconspicuous. Bracteole funnel-form, 3���4 mm long, scarlet when young, brown when old, apex obliquely truncate, nearly glabrous. Flowers 1.2���1.4 cm long, fleshy. Pedicel 2���8 mm long, pubescent. Calyx cupular, 3���4 mm long, scarlet, apex 3-cleft, glabrous. Floral tube 3���4 mm long. Dorsal corolla lobe elliptic, 8���10 �� 3���5 mm, mostly scarlet and sometimes pink or greenish yellow, apex obtuse, glabrous. Lateral corolla lobes oblong, 6���10 �� 3���4 mm, colour and indumentum same as dorsal lobe. Labellum broadly ovate, 6���7 �� 5���6 mm long, concave, Scarlet with a bright yellow longitudinal band in the centre, two cream patches along the edges of the band, base reddish yellow, red veins radiating from near centre towards the margins, glabrous. Lateral staminodes quadrate or triangluar, 2���3 mm long, red with yellow dots, base bearing red callosities covering corolla throat, glabrous. Stamen 1.0��� 1.1 cm long. Filament slender, 7���8 mm long, red abaxially, light red adaxially. Anther 2���4 mm long, light yellowish red. Epigynous glands triangular, 2.0��� 2.5 mm long, scarlet. Ovary pyriform, bright green, glabrous. Style filiform, glabrous. Stigma elongate, ca. 0.25 mm wide, without cilia. Capsules ellipsoid, 1.0��� 1.4 cm long, 7���9 mm wide, slightly contracted in the middle, green when young, turning to maroon when ripe, with 3���5 seeds. Seeds aromatic., Published as part of Ye, Xing-Er, Nguyen, Khang Sinh, Souvannakhoummane, Keooudone, Nguyen, Quoc Binh & Chen, Juan, 2021, Alpinia laosensis, the correct name for a species previously misidentified as A. conchigera, pp. 129-141 in Phytotaxa 508 (2) on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.508.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5425906, {"references":["Gagnepain, F. (1906) Zingiberacees nouvelles de I'herbier du Museum. Bulletin de la Societe botanique de France 53: 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00378941.1906.10831155","Wu, T. L. & Chen, S. J. (1978) Materials for Chinese Zingiberaceae. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 16: 25 - 48.","Wu, T. L. & Chen, S. J. (1981) Alpinia. In: Wu, T. L. (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Vol. 16. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 110 - 135.","Tong, S. Q. (1997) Zingiberaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y. (Ed.) Flora Yunnanica, Vol. 8. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 528 - 651.","Wu, T. L. & Larsen, K. (2000) Zingiberaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y. & Raven, P. H. (Eds.) Flora of China, Vol. 24. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Missouri, pp. 322 - 377."]}

Ye, Xing-Er, Leong-Škorničková, Jana, Bai, Lin, Xia, Nian-He (2021): Taxonomic studies on Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in China III: Amomum fangdingii, a new species from Guangxi. Phytotaxa 490 (3): 263-270, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.490.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.490.3.4

A new hypervalent-iodine(III) mediated tandem reaction involving oxidative dearomatization and in situ aziridination of phenolic amines is described, providing a mild and effective method for the assembly of structurally interesting and synthetically useful aziridines. Importantly, the densely functionalized aziridines resulting from this unprecedented tandem reaction offer a platform for the expeditious access to architecturally diverse aza-heterocycles through transformations initiated by selective ring-opening of aziridines.

An unprecedented ruthenium catalysed [4+4] annulation of readily available benzoic acids and alkynes is reported for the first time. The carboxylate group acts as both a directing group and an internal nucleophilic reagent to facilitate a C(sp

The network language used in online chat has its commonness and characteristics. However, the level of word segmentation in the network text is not satisfactory, which puts forward a new topic for the current research on term extraction. This paper summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of the network text. Based on the conditional random field model and the combination of word tagging, the tagging set is improved, and the feature template suitable for the network text is adopted to improve the classification ability of the network text. We use the method of combining statistics and rules to recognize the Internet text named entity, normalize the text, and use CRF model to train and predict the text. Integrated with the matching rules, we modify the recognition results to achieve better results. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional text regularization and SVM classification methods, the performance of the proposed scheme is significantly improved.

Additional file 8. Supplement tables (Table S1, Table S2 and Table S3).

This paper starts with the development status of offline literary works under the background of big data, and focuses on the online display and recommendation technology of contemporary British and American literary works, and designs and develops the design and application of its online display system. After acquiring the detailed requirement analysis, the software system is designed in detail. It adopts MVC framework and it is developed based on Java language and MYSQL. The system can provide work display, author management, work management, data management and other functional modules. It is transformed into the design and analysis of system operation process design, search engine design and data structure detailed design. Finally, according to the detailed design and implementation of the system business function verification and stress test, the effectiveness of the platform functions is proved.

Dirac semimetal is an ideal parent state to realize various exotic states of matters, such as quantum spin Hall state, Weyl semimetal phase and Majorana zero modes. Topological phase transition allows for the switching between these different topological states. Here, in this paper, we exhibit experimentally an effective approach of inducing topological phase transition in Cd3As2 nanoribbons, by applying a bending strain profile onto the sample. The local strain varies linearly from compression to tension through the cross-section of a bent nanoribbon. The strain gradient causes obvious lattice deformation and breaks the C4 rotational symmetry, thus opening an energy gap at the Dirac points and making the bulk gapful. When further increasing the strain strength, the local strain effect dominates over the symmetry-breaking effect, where spatially-varying band shift becomes prominent across the nanoribbon. Our results demonstrate the effect of strain gradient on the evolution of energy band structures, which should be valuable for further study of strain-mediated topological phase transition.

BackgroundRASSF1A promoter methylation is consistent with clinicopathological data and has good accuracy in distinguishing tumors. However, the diagnostic parameters vary among previous studies. A systematic review was conducted to explore the diagnostic value of RASSF1A promoter methylation in prostate cancer.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature in the PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase and ISI Web of Science databases up to May 21, 2020 was performed. STATA software version 12.0 and Meta-disc version 1.4 were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe pooled sensitivity was 0.64 (95% CI 0.61–0.66), the pooled specificity was 0.80 (95% CI 0.77–0.83), the PLR was 3.82 (95% CI 1.96–7.44), and the NLR was 0.29 (95% CI 0.16–0.52). Furthermore, the pooled DOR of RASSF1A promoter methylation for prostate cancer was 13.08 (95% CI: 6.56–26.08). The area under the summary ROC curve was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84–0.90). The results of the meta-regression suggested that heterogeneity was mainly derived from publication year. Fagan’s nomogram showed that the predictive accuracy was increased significantly by detecting RASSF1A promoter methylation for diagnosing prostate cancer.ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that detection of the RASSF1A promoter methylation status can be used for the diagnosis of PCa. In the future, further analyses and studies of larger sample sizes in large centers are needed to confirm our conclusion.

The first total syntheses of Lycopodium alkaloids palhinine A, palhinine D, and their C3-epimers have been divergently achieved through the use of a connective transform to access a pivotal hexacyclic isoxazolidine precursor. A microwave-assisted regio- and stereoselective intramolecular nitrone-alkene cycloaddition was tactically orchestrated as a key step to install the crucial 10-oxa-1-azabicyclo[5.2.1]decane moiety embedded in the conformationally rigid isotwistane framework, demonstrating the feasibility of constructing the highly strained medium-sized ring by introduction of an oxygen bridging linker to relieve the transannular strain in the polycyclic scaffold. Subsequent N-O bond cleavage provided the synthetically challenging nine-membered azonane ring system bearing the requisite C3 hydroxyl group. Late-stage transformations featuring a chemo- and stereoselective reduction of the pentacyclic β-diketone secured the availability of our target molecules.

Four rotor aircraft has been extensively studied in recent years. Especially the small Four-rotor aircraft has a very broad application prospects in real life, many companies and scientific research institutions are studying. The technology involved in the Four-rotor aircraft includes flight dynamics, mechanical structure, navigation, automatic control, circuit design and so on. By developing a Four-rotor aircraft, we can not only learn a variety of knowledge and technology, but also broaden our horizons and understand the development of the current automatic control system in the process of production, which will be of great help to future work and learning. The hardware design of the Four-rotor aircraft studied in this paper includes: using STM32 series MCU as the main controller, 6-axis attitude sensor MPU6050 to collect the acceleration and angular velocity of the vehicle, electronic compass HMC5883L to collect magnetic field, USB serial port chip CP2104, TP4056 to provide 4.2V lithium batteries. The charging voltage and charging current can be controlled, and the internal universal timer interface is used to realize the capture function of remote control input PWM waveform and the output PWM waveform to control the speed of the motor. The software design in this paper includes the configuration of serial communication, the connection between the flight control board and the host computer, the reading of sensor data, the calculation of the current attitude by the strapdown navigation control method, the output of Euler angle, the configuration of timer to achieve the function of input capture and PWM waveform output, and the application of digital PID. The controller calculates the deviation between the desired attitude input by the remote controller and the current attitude of the aircraft, calculates the duty cycle of the output PWM waveform, and adjusts the rotation rate of the four rotors to realize the six-degree-of-freedom flight state of the Four-rotor aircraft.

Nine types of diversely fused heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts were constructed through an oxidative CH annulation reaction. Both high-valent pentamethylcyclopentadienylcobalt(III) and pentamethylcyclopentadienyliridium(III) were found to be effective as catalyst for this reaction. Broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance were observed.

We study the lifetime and weak decays of the full-heavy S-wave $0^+$ tetraquark $T^{\{bb\}}_{\{\bar c\bar c\}}$. Using the operator product expansion rooted in heavy quark expansion, we find a rather short lifetime, at the order $(0.1-0.3)\times 10^{-12}s$ depending on the inputs. With the flavor SU(3) symmetry, we then construct the effective Hamiltonian at the hadron level, and derive relations between decay widths of different channels. According to the electro-weak effective operators, we classify different decay modes, and make a collection of the golden channels, such as $T_{\{\bar c \bar c\}}^{\{bb\}}\to B^- K^0 B_c^-$ for the charm quark decay and $T_{\{\bar c \bar c\}}^{\{bb\}}\to B^-D^-$ for the bottom quark decay. Our results for the lifetime and golden channels are helpful to search for the fully-heavy tetraquark in future experiments., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures

In this paper, the insensitive fault tolerant control (FTC) problem is addressed for a class of linear continuous-time systems against bounded and time-varying actuator faults, external disturbances, and controller coefficient variations. Unparametrizable time-varying actuator faults are considered without the knowledge of fault efficiency factors. To obtain the information of the constant bounds of faults and disturbances, an adaptive mechanism is designed to estimate the bounds. Based on these estimations, an adaptive FTC controller is constructed to eliminate the effects of faults, disturbances, and coefficient variations. Then bounded stability of the closed-loop adaptive system is achieved based on Lyapunov stability theory. The efficiency of the developed adaptive control strategy is verified by a rocket fairing structural-acoustic model.

We study the $e^+e^-\to VP$ and $e^+e^-\to TP$ processes in the perturbative QCD approach based on $k_T$ factorization, where the $P,V$ and $T$ denotes a light pseudo-scalar, vector and tensor meson, respectively. We point out in the case of $e^+e^-\to TP$ transition due to charge conjugation invariance, only three channels are allowed: $e^+e^-\to a_2^{\pm} \pi^\mp$, $e^+e^-\to K_2^{*\pm} K^\mp$ and the V-spin suppressed $e^+e^-\to K_2^{*0} \bar K^0+\overline K_2^{*0} K^0 $. Cross sections of $e^+e^-\to VP$ and $e^+e^-\to TP$ at $\sqrt{s}=3.67$ GeV and $\sqrt{s}=10.58$ GeV are calculated and the invariant mass dependence is found to favor the $1/s^4$ power law. Most of our theoretical results are consistent with the available experimental data and other predictions can be tested at the ongoing BESIII and forthcoming Belle-II experiments.

Background: Marine ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), primarily found in dark fish, may prevent colorectal cancer progression, in part through inhibition of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2). However, data in humans are limited.Methods: We examined marine ω-3 PUFAs and fish intake and survival among 1,011 colon cancer patients enrolled in Cancer and Leukemia Group B 89803 between 1999 and 2001 and followed through 2009. Diet was assessed during and 6 months after chemotherapy. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease-free (DFS), recurrence-free (RFS), and overall survival (OS).Results: We observed 343 recurrences and 305 deaths (median follow-up: 7 years). Patients in the highest vs. lowest quartile of marine ω-3 PUFA intake had an HR for DFS of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.54-0.97; Ptrend = 0.03). Individuals who consumed dark fish ≥1/week versus never had longer DFS (HR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48-0.87; P-value = 0.007), RFS (HR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46-0.86; Ptrend = 0.007), and OS (HR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48-0.96; Ptrend = 0.04). In a subset of 510 patients, the association between marine ω-3 PUFA intake and DFS appeared stronger in patients with high PTGS2 expression (HR 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.95; Ptrend = 0.01) compared with patients with absent/low PTGS2 expression (HR 0.78; 95% CI, 0.48-1.27; Ptrend = 0.35; Pinteraction = 0.19).Conclusions: Patients with high intake of marine ω-3 PUFAs and dark fish after colon cancer diagnosis may have longer DFS.Impact: Randomized controlled trials examining dark fish and/or marine ω-3 PUFA supplements and colon cancer recurrence/survival are needed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(4); 438-45. ©2018 AACR.

The newly-discovered $\Xi_{cc}^{++}$ decays into the $ \Lambda_{c}^+ K^-\pi^+\pi^+$, but the experimental data has indicated that this decay is not saturated by any two-body intermediate state. In this work, we analyze the multi-body weak decays of doubly heavy baryons $\Xi_{cc}$, $\Omega_{cc}$, $\Xi_{bc}$, $\Omega_{bc}$, $\Xi_{bb}$ and $\Omega_{bb}$, in particular the three-body nonleptonic decays and four-body semileptonic decays. We classify various decay modes according to the quark-level transitions and present an estimate of the typical branching fractions for a few golden decay channels. Decay amplitudes are then parametrized in terms of a few SU(3) irreducible amplitudes. With these amplitudes, we find a number of relations for decay widths, which can be examined in future., Comment: 47pages, 1figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1707.06570

Succession of C-H activation and C-C activation was achieved by using a single rhodium(III) catalyst. Vinylcyclopropanes were used as versatile coupling partners. Mechanistic studies suggest that the olefin insertion step is rate-determining and a facile β-carbon elimination is involved, which represents a novel ring opening mode of vinylcyclopropanes.

The adamantyl group is prevalent as a key pharmacophore element in drugs. We describe herein a palladium-catalyzed C–H functionalization logic for the methylene C(sp3)–H arylation of the adamantyl scaffold with the assistance of an amide group. The resulting arylated adamantyl amide was smoothly converted to an amine, providing facile access to the memantine analog.

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms driving the protective effects of squid ink polysaccharide (SIP) against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular damage, focusing on germ cells. In the testes of mice exposed to CP and/or SIP, the present study examined the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, activity of superoxide dismutase levels, protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), and total Caspase 3, activation of p-p38 and p-Akt proteins, and tissue morphology. The findings indicated that CP induced ROS production and oxidative stress, resulting in testicular damage. However, under administration of SIP, oxidative stress was impaired and the testicular toxicity induced by CP was weakened, which implied that SIP may have an important role in preventing chemotherapeutic damage to the male reproductive system via promoting antioxidant ability. Furthermore, the altered expression levels, including the upregulation of Bax and Caspase 3, downregulation of Bcl-2 and the increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, indicated that apoptosis occurred in CP exposed testes of mice; however, the alterations were reversed in mice treated with SIP. Moreover, in CP-exposed testes, p38 and Akt proteins were significantly phosphorylated (P

Lycopodium alkaloids with structural diversity and biological significance have been stimulating an increasing interest in the synthetic and medicinal communities, in which inspiration and exploration of their related biogenetic relationship generally constitute one of the major concerns. Driven by the plausible biogenetic entry to lycojaponicumin D as the first member of Lycopodium alkaloids having a structurally unusual C3-C13-linked scaffold, a new connection with lycodoline has been proposed and discovered on the basis of the design of an unprecedented bioinspired tandem fragmentation/Mannich reaction. Initiated by expeditious assembly of bridgehead heterofunctionalization in the [3.3.1] bicyclic system of lycodoline, a novel tandem palladium-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation/hetero-Michael reaction has been developed for the strain-driven formation of the C-heteroatom bond, leading to a new approach to conformationally rigid bridgehead heteroquaternary carbons. The present unified strategy provides a scenario for the divergent total syntheses of nine natural Lycopodium alkaloids and four unnatural C12 epimers, wherein (±)-lycojaponicumin D and six lycodoline-type alkaloids have been synthetically achieved for the first time.

In order to use minimal cost to compensate signal distortion caused by fiber dispersion and carrier phase noise etc, this paper mainly puts forward 2 different self-adaption compensation algorithms in algorithm part of digital signal processing, through test and comparative analysis, it indicates that the performance of the best matching and the nature expression based on GCT is the best.

An oxidative dearomatizing cyclization of arylamines promoted by iodobenzene bis(trifluoroacetate) [PhI(CF3CO2)(2)] has been explored, leading to a novel synthetic approach to functionalized spirocyclic building blocks containing the structurally unique dieniminium moiety. This unprecedented methodology, featuring oxidative dearomatization and carbon-carbon bond-forming cyclization, to some extent, not only expands the synthetic potential of hypervalent iodine chemistry, but also enriches the oxidation chemistry of arylamines.

is induced by the / transitions, which can interfere if a CP-eigenstate is formed. The interference contribution is sensitive to the CKM angle . In this work, we study the S-wave contributions to the process in the perturbative QCD factorization. In the factorization framework, we adopt two-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes, whose normalization is parametrized by the S-wave time-like two-pion form factor with resonance contributions from , . We find that the branching ratio of is of the order of , and that significant interference exists in . Future measurement could not only provide useful constraints on the CKM angle , but would also be helpful for exploring the multi-body decay mechanism of heavy mesons.