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Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused >3.5 million deaths worldwide and affected >160 million people. At least twice as many have been infected but remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. COVID-19 includes central nervous system manifestations mediated by inflammation and cerebrovascular, anoxic, and/or viral neurotoxicity mechanisms. More than one third of patients with COVID-19 develop neurologic problems during the acute phase of the illness, including loss of sense of smell or taste, seizures, and stroke. Damage or functional changes to the brain may result in chronic sequelae. The risk of incident cognitive and neuropsychiatric complications appears independent from the severity of the original pulmonary illness. It behooves the scientific and medical community to attempt to understand the molecular and/or systemic factors linking COVID-19 to neurologic illness, both short and long term. Methods This article describes what is known so far in terms of links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. We focus on risk factors and possible molecular, inflammatory, and viral mechanisms underlying neurological injury. We also provide a comprehensive description of the Alzheimer's Association Consortium on Chronic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (CNS SC2) harmonized methodology to address these questions using a worldwide network of researchers and institutions. Results Successful harmonization of designs and methods was achieved through a consensus process initially fragmented by specific interest groups (epidemiology, clinical assessments, cognitive evaluation, biomarkers, and neuroimaging). Conclusions from subcommittees were presented to the whole group and discussed extensively. Presently data collection is ongoing at 19 sites in 12 countries representing Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Discussion The Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium harmonized methodology is proposed as a model to study long-term neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Key Points &#x2022 The following review describes what is known so far in terms of molecular and epidemiological links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and AD and related dementias (ADRD) &#x2022 The primary objective of this large-scale collaboration is to clarify the pathogenesis of ADRD and to advance our understanding of the impact of a neurotropic virus on the long-term risk of cognitive decline and other CNS sequelae. No available evidence supports the notion that cognitive impairment after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a form of dementia (ADRD or otherwise). The longitudinal methodologies espoused by the consortium are intended to provide data to answer this question as clearly as possible controlling for possible confounders. Our specific hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 triggers ADRD-like pathology following the extended olfactory cortical network (EOCN) in older individuals with specific genetic susceptibility. &#x2022 The proposed harmonization strategies and flexible study designs offer the possibility to include large samples of under-represented racial and ethnic groups, creating a rich set of harmonized cohorts for future studies of the pathophysiology, determinants, long-term consequences, and trends in cognitive aging, ADRD, and vascular disease. &#x2022 We provide a framework for current and future studies to be carried out within the Consortium. and offers a “green paper” to the research community with a very broad, global base of support, on tools suitable for low- and middle-income countries aimed to compare and combine future longitudinal data on the topic. &#x2022 The Consortium proposes a combination of design and statistical methods as a means of approaching causal inference of the COVID-19 neuropsychiatric sequelae. We expect that deep phenotyping of neuropsychiatric sequelae may provide a series of candidate syndromes with phenomenological and biological characterization that can be further explored. By generating high-quality harmonized data across sites we aim to capture both descriptive and, where possible, causal associations.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación Título, resumen y palabras clave en español y en inglés El cáncer es una enfermedad cada vez más presente en nuestra sociedad, tanto por la mejora de los diagnósticos como por el éxito de las terapias que están permitiendo supervivencias cada vez más largas; pero estos datos están sacando a la luz otro problema como es el de los efectos secundarios a corto y largo plazo de los tratamientos. Se analizan las necesidades psicosociales del colectivo de adolescentes y jóvenes adultos (AJA) enfermos o supervivientes de cáncer, y el papel que juegan las universidades para llevar a cabo políticas inclusivas con este colectivo vulnerable y como consecuencia con necesidades de apoyo educativo. Se finaliza con una propuesta para la elaboración de guías orientadas a este colectivo AJA. ESP

In El Carmen, Jujuy, Argentina, the consumption of psychoactive substances is present in twenty-two percent of adolescents attending school and increases when young people present situations of vulnerability in their links with the community (not belonging to work and study groups, moving in problematic circuits, isolated from society and family. Adolescent suicides associated with the use of psychoactive substances have increased in the last decade. The objective was to create spaces for the prevention of the problematic use of psychoactive substances in the most vulnerable neighborhoods of El Carmen, promoting the community’s role as a pillar of containment for children, adolescents and young people. Artistic and sports workshops were held (plastic activities, physical education and music – dance), reflexive workshops, community radio programs and strengthening of programs in operation addressing the prevention of problematic consumption in the target population and training of neighborhood social foresters. The political-economic framework of the project was guaranteed by agreements signed between the National University of Jujuy, the Ministry of Health and the Municipality of El Carmen. The activities captured a large part of the population, achieving the proposed objectives, giving rise to two orchestras of wind instruments (quenas and sikuris); pre-existing activities were strengthened, such as murgas barriales and sports teams; three neighborhood sports Olympics were held; sharing of activities and fifty social preventators were trained. The political implications were the sensitization of the community of El Carmen in relation to the problem of the consumption of psychoactive substances and generation of lines of action for mitigation.

The cases of three children diagnosed with baboon syndrome are described, being defined by the appearance of dermatological lesions, with characteristic distribution and morphology, as a result of having been in contact with mercury. Other substances have been described associated with the appearance of this syndrome; however their pathogenis is not completely known, and it has been suggested that it could be another form of contact dermatitis. Diagnosis is based on patient clinical history and physical examination and there is no specific treatment.

The authors present three cases of urticaria pigmentosa (UP), one with a very early beginning and two with a late beginning. The clinical symptoms orient the diagnosis of the three cases in relation to maculopapular exanthema of a dark pink color, brown macules and, in all cases, the presence of Darier's sign. As normal, the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the histopathological examination of the skin. The evolution of the three patients was favorable in all cases, with the disappearance of symptoms in one case. In the other two cases the process is stabilized, and at no time have systemic manifestations been found. The relative rareness of UP in infancy, an expression of a proliferation of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) on a mast cell level with different evolutional possibilities, has been the justifying factor in the presentation of these new cases.