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The construction of nanotubes with well-defined structures, although synthetically challenging, offers the prospect of studying novel chemical reactions and transportation within confined spaces, as well as fabricating molecular devices and nanoporous materials. Here we report a discrete molecular nanotube, namely the covalent organic pillar COP-1, synthesized through a [2 + 5] imine condensation reaction involving two penta-aldehyde macrocycles and five phenylenediamine linkers. A pair of enantiomeric nanotubes, obtained in a quantitative and diastereoselective manner, were characterized and resolved readily. NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetric and X-ray crystallographic studies revealed that the 2-nm-long and 4.7-Å-wide one-dimensional channel inside COP-1 can accommodate α,ω-disubstituted n-alkyl chains with complementary lengths and electron density distributions. Furthermore, in a length-mismatched host–guest pair, we found that the nonamethylene dibromide thread not only displays a diminished binding constant in solution, but adapts an energetically unfavoured gauche conformation inside COP-1 in the solid state.

Flowering transition is tightly coordinated by complex gene regulatory networks, in which AGAMOUS-LIKE 16 (AGL16) plays important roles. Here, we identified the molecular function and binding properties of AGL16 and demonstrated its partial dependency on the SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) function in regulating flowering. AGL16 bound to promoters of more than 2,000 genes via CArG-box motifs with high similarity to that of SOC1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Approximately 70 flowering genes involved in multiple pathways were potential targets of AGL16. AGL16 formed a protein complex with SOC1 and shared a common set of targets. Intriguingly, only a limited number of genes were differentially expressed in the agl16-1 loss-of-function mutant. However, in the soc1-2 knockout background, AGL16 repressed and activated the expression of 375 and 182 genes, respectively, with more than a quarter bound by AGL16. Corroborating these findings, AGL16 repressed the flowering time more strongly in soc1-2 than in the Col-0 background. These data identify a partial inter-dependency between AGL16 and SOC1 in regulating genome-wide gene expression and flowering time, while AGL16 provides a feedback regulation on SOC1 expression. Our study sheds light on the complex background dependency of AGL16 in flowering regulation, thus providing additional insights into the molecular coordination of development and environmental adaptation.

The recent progress in optical applications of organic donor–acceptor co-crystals is reviewed in terms of material design, synthetic approach and future perspectives.

Polymorphic microcrystals and their multi-modal/directional optical waveguides (1D, 2D, isotropic and anisotropic) from the first D–A type 5,6,12,13-tetraazaperopyrene are reported.

Cu–Sn bimetallic catalysts have been prepared, and exhibit efficient electrocatalytic activity towards the conversion of CO2 to formate with a faradaic efficiency of 92.9% and a current density of 632 mA cm−2.

The present protocol describes an observational cohort study that was designed to propose a therapeutic scheme and formulate an individualized treatment strategy for frail elderly patients diagnosed with multiple diseases in a Chinese, multicenter setting. Over a 3-year period, we will recruit 30,000 patients from 10 hospitals and collect baseline data including patient demographic information, comorbidity characteristic, FRAIL scale, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (aCCI), relevant blood tests, the results of imaging examination, prescription of drugs, length of hospital stay, number of overall re-hospitalizations and death. Elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) with multimorbidity and receiving hospital care are eligible for this study. Data collection is being performed at baseline and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after discharge. Our primary analysis was all-cause death, readmission rate and clinical events (including emergency visits, stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, tumor, acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc). The study is approved by the National Key R & D Program of China (2020YFC2004800). Data will be disseminated in manuscripts submitted to medical journals and in abstracts submitted to international geriatric conferences. Clinical Trial Registration: [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [ChiCTR2200056070].

Dental biofilm is the initiating factor of oral diseases, such as periodontitis and caries. Orthodontic treatment could alter the microbiome structure balance, and increase the risk of such diseases. Furthermore, fixed appliances can induce temporary changes in the microbiome community, and the changes that clear aligners bring are smaller by comparison. Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are skeletal anchorages that are widely used in orthodontic treatment. Microorganisms affect the occurrence and development of inflammation surrounding TADs. At present, existing researches have verified the existence of plaque biofilm on the surface of TADs, but the formation of plaque biofilm and plaque composition under different stable conditions have not been fully understood. The development of high-throughput sequencing, molecular biology experiments, and metabonomics have provided new research ideas to solve this problem. They can become an effective means to explore the microbiome surrounding TADs.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Many patients with osteosarcoma readily develop resistance to chemotherapy and have an extremely dismal prognosis. Dioscin, a saponin, is known to exhibit potent anticancer activities and induce cellular death of a variety of cancer types. However, the inhibitory effect of dioscin on osteosarcoma cells and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the responses of human U2-OS and MG63 osteosarcoma cells to dioscin with regard to proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, and studied the effect of dioscin on MAPK-related proteins by western blot analysis assays. Dioscin inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, it induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptotic signaling. N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species inhibitor, suppressed dioscin-induced apoptosis, indicating that ROS play an essential role in dioscin-induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis assays showed that p38 MAPK was upregulated after dioscin treatment, and that dioscin induced apoptosis by upregulating ROS-mediated p38 MAPK signaling. Our study suggests that dioscin possesses antitumor activities against human osteosarcoma cells, inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis through upregulating ROS-mediated p38 MAPK signaling. This study may provide a new therapeutic strategy and potential clinical applications for the treatment of osteosarcoma.

This study aimed to analyze imaging features based on preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for the identification of vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC)-microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), VM-HCC pattern.Patients who underwent hepatectomy and preoperative DCE-MRI between January 2015 and March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and imaging features related to VM-HCC (VETC + /MVI-, VETC-/MVI +, VETC + /MVI +) and Non-VM-HCC (VETC-/MVI-) were determined by multivariable logistic regression analyses. Early and overall recurrence were determined using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Indicators of early and overall recurrence were identified using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.In total, 221 patients (177 men, 44 women; median age, 60 years; interquartile range, 52-66 years) were evaluated. The multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed fetoprotein 400 ng/mL (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 4.41, p = 0.033), intratumor vascularity (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.07, 4.31, p = 0.031), and enhancement pattern (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.17, 6.03, p = 0.019) as independent predictors of VM-HCC. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, intratumor vascularity was associated with early and overall recurrence (p 0.05).Based on DCE-MRI, intratumor vascularity can be used to characterize VM-HCC and is of prognostic significance for recurrence in patients with HCC.

Endogenization of the Reference Point Reduces Loss Aversion A central idea in behavioral economics is that agents derive utility from gain and losses relative to a certain reference point and that losses loom larger than gains. In “How Endogenization of the Reference Point Affects Loss Aversion: A Study of Portfolio Selection,” He and Strub study the implications of various models of partially endogenous reference points on portfolio selection. In these models, an agent faces a salient exogenous reference point that influences the formation of endogenously determined expectations about the future, through rational expectations, optimal expectations, or mental updating of the reference point. A key finding is that the predictions of these models are identical to a model with an exogenous reference point but a lower degree of loss aversion. This suggests that it is difficult to separately identify an agent’s degree of loss aversion and his or her reference point and may help to explain why experienced and sophisticated agents appear to be less loss averse than expected in some field settings.

This article describes fabrication of a customizable bioreactor, which comprises a perfusion system and coverslip-based tissue culture chamber that allow centimeter-scale vascularized or otherwise canalized tissue constructs to be maintained in weeks long static and/or perfusion culture at an exceptionally low cost, with intermittent live imaging and media sampling capabilities. The perfusion system includes a reusable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) lid generated from a three-dimensional (3D)-printed poly-lactic acid (PLA) mold and several lengths of perfusion tubing. The coverslip tissue culture chamber includes PDMS components built with 3D-printed PLA molds, as well as 3D-printed PLA frames and glass coverslips that house perfusable hydrogel constructs. As proof of concept, we fabricated a vascularized hydrogel construct, which was subjected to static and perfusion tissue culture, as well as flow studies using fluorescent beads and widefield fluorescent microscopy. This system can be readily reproduced, promoting the advancement of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research.

Cervical adenocarcinoma (CAC) comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors that are not universally associated with HPV infection. As has been shown in other organs, it is becoming increasingly apparent that HPV status significantly affects the prognosis of adenocarcinoma. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the infection status of high-risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV) in CAC and evaluate its impact on the survival of patients.PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and Clinical Trials.gov were searched from inception to May 1st, 2022. Data on HPV infection status and survival outcomes were evaluated using STATA 16.0.Seventy-one studies with 11,278 participants were included in HPV infection analysis and eight studies with 1099 participants were included in prognosis analysis. The HPV infection rate (including high-risk and low-risk) and hrHPV infection rate in CAC were 75% (95% CI 0.70-0.80, 6978 participants) and 75% (95% CI 0.70-0.81, 4906 participants), respectively. HPV-16 and -18 were the most common HPVs in CAC, with pooled infection rates of 37% (95% CI 0.33-0.41, 7848 participants) and 34% (95% CI 0.30-0.38, 7730 participants), respectively. hrHPV infection was associated with better overall survival (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11-0.47, 1013 participants), better disease-free survival (HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.07-0.43, 292 participants), better progression-free survival (HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08-0.47, 271 participants) and less recurrence (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.07-0.43, 181 participants).HPV infection rates were high in CAC. HPV-16 and -18 had the highest infection rates in CAC. However, hrHPV infection was associated with better survival and less recurrence. Future studies should clarify the relationship between hrHPV infection and other prognostic factors and make reasonable treatment strategies for CAC with different HPV status.CRD42022319390.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has significantly contributed to protecting human health and promoting the progress of world civilization. A total of 2,711 TCMs are included in the 2020 version of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which is an integral part of the world’s medical resources. Tu Youyou and her team discovered and purified artemisinin. And their contributions made the values and advantageous effects of TCM more and more recognized by the international community. There has been a lot of studies on TCM to treat diseases through antioxidant mechanisms, the reports on the new mechanisms beyond antioxidants of TCM has also increased year by year. Recently, many TCMs appear to have significant effects in regulating ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic, regulated cell death characterized by intracellular lipid peroxide accumulation and oxidative membrane damage. Recently, accumulating studies have demonstrated that numerous organ injuries and pathophysiological process of many diseases are companied with ferroptosis, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disease, acute renal injury, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This work mainly introduces dozens of TCMs that can regulate ferroptosis and their possible mechanisms and targets.

Tubular boron clusters represent a class of extremely unusual geometries that can be regarded as a key indicator for the 2D-to-3D boron structural evolution as well as the embryos for boron nanotubes. While a good number of pure boron or metal-doped boron tubular clusters have been reported so far, most of them are two-ring tubular structures, and their higher-ring analogues are very scarce. We report herein the first example of a four-ring tubular boron motif in the cagelike global minimum of Be

An effective risk assessment approach for assessing the risk level of aviation emergency rescue is essential to aviation emergency management. Therefore, this study is aimed at extending a novel integrated multiattribute group decision-making (MAGDM) approach to conduct risk assessment in aviation emergency rescue. First, a combined improved Swiss cheese model and fault tree analysis method are used to build the index system for risk assessment. Next, the weight vector for risk assessment is calculated using the consensus-based improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP). Then, based on the traditional technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, we improve the definition express of ideal solution and the standardized formula of indexes, thereby providing a consensus-based improved TOPSIS method to compute the evaluation matrix for risk assessment. Finally, the weight vector and evaluation matrix are combined to estimate the risk level of aviation emergency rescue. As aviation emergency rescue in a sudden natural disaster an example, we illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method and demonstrate its effectiveness by comparative analysis with some similar approaches. The proposed approach can evaluate the safety status of aviation emergency rescue operations, which provides a starting point for the improvement of aviation emergency rescue.

The plant journal 112(1), 84-103 (2022). doi:10.1111/tpj.15930, Published by Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford [u.a.]

Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), as a member of the sirtuin family, has representative features of evolutionarily highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase activity. In addition, SIRT2, as the only sirtuin protein colocalized with tubulin in the cytoplasm, has its own functions and characteristics. In recent years, studies have increasingly shown that SIRT2 can participate in the regulation of gene expression and regulate signal transduction in the metabolic pathway mainly through its post-translational modification of target genes; thus, SIRT2 has become a key centre in the metabolic pathway and participates in the pathological process of metabolic disorder-related diseases. In this paper, it is discussed that SIRT2 can regulate all aspects of gene expression, including epigenetic modification, replication, transcription and translation, and post-translational modification, which enables SIRT2 to participate in energy metabolism in life activities, and it is clarified that SIRT2 is involved in metabolic process-specific signal transduction mechanisms. Therefore, SIRT2 can be involved in metabolic disorder-related inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby triggering the occurrence of metabolic disorder-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, tumours, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, although the role of SIRT2 in some diseases is still controversial, given the multiple roles of SIRT2 in regulating physiological and pathological signal transduction, SIRT2 has become a key target for disease treatment. It is believed that with increasing research, the clinical application of SIRT2 will be promoted.

Shoulder is the most injured part in table tennis players, and it takes multiple roles in transmitting power and striking the center of the ball during the stroke. Proprioception is strongly correlated with high level of athletic performance. It is customary to assume that there is a correlation between proprioception and muscle strength and therefore proprioceptive assessment and rehabilitation is often neglected.To investigate the correlation between isokinetic muscle strength and proprioception in the internal and external rotation muscle groups of elite Chinese male table tennis players, to provide reference for physical training and rehabilitation of elite table tennis players.A total of 19 national elite table tennis players from the Chinese National Table Tennis Team were recruited in this research. All of them had more than 10 years training experience and had participated major competitions such as the National Games and World Youth Championships. IsoMed 2000 was used to test the peak torque of internal and external rotation isokinetic concentric contraction of the athletes' bilateral shoulder joints at low speed (60°/s) and high speed (180°/s) respectively; IsoMed 2000 was used to conduct the Joint Position Reproduction test to evaluate the athletes' proprioceptive ability capacity at low speed (60°/s) and high speed (180°/s) respectively. If the data satisfied the normal distribution, the correlation between the differences in peak torque s and angles in different directions was analyzed using a Pearson simple linear model; otherwise, Spearman correlation analysis was used. The comparison of proprioceptive ability between the table tennis racket-holding hand and non-racket-holding hands was performed using independent samplesThere was no direct linear correlation between the strength and proprioceptive correlation analysis at slow speed (60°/s) and fast speed (180°/s) in the racket-holding hand; At the slow speed (60°/s) and fast speed (180°/s), there was no correlation between muscle strength and proprioception in the non-racket-holding hand except for the internal rotation variable error (VE) and external rotation relative peak torque, which showed a moderate positive correlation (There was no correlation between muscle strength and proprioceptive function in the internal and external rotation of the racket-holding hand's shoulder in elite Chinese male table tennis players. These results may be useful for interventions for shoulder injuries and for the inclusion of proprioceptive training in rehabilitation programs.

To explore the mortality of patients with fragile hip fractures and assess the death-associated risk factors.A total of 690 patients with osteoporotic hip fractures (age, 50-103 years) that were treated from January 2010 to December 2015 were enrolled and followed-up in this study and the clinical data were retrospectively collected. Three months, 1 year, and the total mortality were measured. Mortality-related risk factors were assessed including age, gender, surgery, the duration from injury to operation, pulmonary infection, and the number and type of complications. The mortality of each group was compared by chi-square test or corrected chi-square test for univariate analysis, and the factors with statistically significant mortality difference confirmed by univariate analysis were analyzed by binary logistic multivariate analysis.The 3-month mortality was 7.69%, the 1-year mortality was 15.60%, and the total mortality of the follow-up time was 24.06%. The 1-year and total mortality during the follow-up of the patients were higher in the75-year-old group than those in the ≤75-year-old group (p = 0.000, respectively); were higher in the male patients than that in the female patients (p = 0.042; p = 0.017, respectively); were significantly lower in the operation group than that in the non-operation group (p = 0.000, respectively); were significantly lower in the patients that underwent the operation in ≤5 days than the patients that underwent the operation within5 days (p = 0.008; p = 0.000, respectively); were significantly lower in patients with2 kinds of combined medical diseases than those with ≥2 kinds of chronic diseases (p = 0.000, respectively); were significantly lower in patients receiving anti-osteoporosis treatment than in patients not receiving anti-osteoporosis treatment (p = 0.000, p = 0.002, respectively). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors affecting mortality included advanced age 75-years-old (OR = 5.653, p = 0.000), male (OR = 1.998, p = 0.001), non-surgical treatment (OR = 9.909, p = 0.000), the number of combined medical diseases ≥2 (OR = 1.522, p = 0.042), and non-anti-osteoporosis treatment (OR = 1.796, p = 0.002).Age, whether or not surgical treatment was performed, the number of medical diseases, and whether or not anti-osteoporosis treatment was performed were independent risk factors for 3-month and 1-year mortality in patients with fragile hip fractures.